1
|
Kolipakala R, Basu S, Sarkar S, Biju BM, Salazar D, Reddy L, Pradeep P, Yuvapriya MK, Nath S, Gall R, Samprathi AH, Balaji H, Koundinya EAB, Shetye A, Nagarajan D. Fungal Peptidomelanin: A Novel Biopolymer for the Chelation of Heavy Metals. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36353-36370. [PMID: 39220543 PMCID: PMC11359623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is an amorphous, highly heterogeneous polymer found across all kingdoms of life. Although the properties of melanin can greatly vary, most forms are insoluble and strongly absorb light, appearing dark brown to black. Here, we describe a water-soluble form of melanin (peptidomelanin) secreted by the spores of Aspergillus niger (strain: melanoliber) during germination. Peptidomelanin is composed of an insoluble L-DOPA core polymer that is solubilized via short, copolymerized heterogeneous peptide chains forming a "corona" with a mean amino acid length of 2.6 ± 2.3. Based on in vitro experiments, we propose a biochemical copolymerization mechanism involving the hydroxylation of tyrosynylated peptides. Peptidomelanin is capable of chelating heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and uranium (as uranyl) in large quantities. Preliminary data indicates that peptidomelanin may have applications for the remediation of heavy metals in situ, including in agricultural settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suranjana Basu
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Senjuti Sarkar
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Beneta Merin Biju
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Daniela Salazar
- Ecology
and Genetics Research Unit, University of
Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Likhit Reddy
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Pushya Pradeep
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Muniraj Krishnaveni Yuvapriya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Shrijita Nath
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Riley Gall
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Anish Hemanth Samprathi
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune 411004, India
| | - Harshitha Balaji
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Eeshaan A. B. Koundinya
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology,
Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Aparna Shetye
- Department
of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai 400001, India
| | - Deepesh Nagarajan
- Department
of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University
of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
- Department
of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai 400001, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pretzler M, Rompel A. Mushroom Tyrosinase: Six Isoenzymes Catalyzing Distinct Reactions. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400050. [PMID: 38386893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
"Mushroom tyrosinase" from the common button mushroom is the most frequently used source of tyrosinase activity, both for basic and applied research. Here, the complete tyrosinase family from Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus (abPPO1-6) was cloned from mRNA and expressed heterologously using a single protocol. All six isoenzymes accept a wide range of phenolic and catecholic substrates, but display pronounced differences in their specificity and enzymatic reaction rate. AbPPO3 ignores γ-l-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene (GHB), a natural phenol present in mM concentrations in A. bisporus, while AbPPO4 processes 100 μM GHB at 4-times the rate of the catechol l-DOPA. All six AbPPOs are biochemically distinct enzymes fit for different roles in the fungal life cycle, which challenges the traditional concept of isoenzymes as catalyzing the same physiological reaction and varying only in secondary properties. Transferring this approach to other enzymes and organisms will greatly stimulate both the study of the in vivo function(s) of enzymes and the application of these highly efficient catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pretzler
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Aziz SMA, Faraag AHI, Ibrahim AM, Albrakati A, Bakkar MR. Tyrosinase enzyme purification and immobilization from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles: characterization and application in melanin production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:10. [PMID: 37947912 PMCID: PMC10638195 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a brown-black pigment with significant roles in various biological processes. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin and has promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. This research aims to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles, which exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm and a negative surface potential of - 55.7 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260. Comparing the immobilized magnetic tyrosinase enzyme with the free enzyme, the study's findings showed that the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme had optimal activity at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 35 °C, and its activity increased as the concentration of tyrosine increased. The study investigated the antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product and found that it exhibited potential antibacterial activity against a multi-drug resistant strain including S. aureus and E. coli. The produced melanin also demonstrated the potential to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | | | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panis F, Rompel A. Biochemical Investigations of Five Recombinantly Expressed Tyrosinases Reveal Two Novel Mechanisms Impacting Carbon Storage in Wetland Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13863-13873. [PMID: 37656057 PMCID: PMC10515480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are globally distributed ecosystems characterized by predominantly anoxic soils, resulting from water-logging. Over the past millennia, low decomposition rates of organic matter led to the accumulation of 20-30% of the world's soil carbon pool in wetlands. Phenolic compounds are critically involved in stabilizing wetland carbon stores as they act as broad-scale inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes. Tyrosinases are oxidoreductases capable of removing phenolic compounds in the presence of O2 by oxidizing them to the corresponding o-quinones. Herein, kinetic investigations (kcat and Km values) reveal that low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds naturally present within wetland ecosystems (including monophenols, diphenols, triphenols, and flavonoids) are accepted by five recombinantly expressed wetland tyrosinases (TYRs) as substrates. Investigations of the interactions between TYRs and wetland phenolics reveal two novel mechanisms that describe the global impact of TYRs on the wetland carbon cycle. First, it is shown that o-quinones (produced by TYRs from low-molecular-weight phenolic substrates) are capable of directly inactivating hydrolytic enzymes. Second, it is reported that o-quinones can interact with high-molecular-weight phenolic polymers (which inhibit hydrolytic enzymes) and remove them through precipitation. The balance between these two mechanisms will profoundly affect the fate of wetland carbon stocks, particularly in the wake of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Panis
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische
Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090 Wien, Austria, https://www.bpc.univie.ac.at/en/
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische
Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090 Wien, Austria, https://www.bpc.univie.ac.at/en/
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El-aziz SMA, Faraag AHI, Ibrahim AM, Albrakati A, Bakkar MR. Tyrosinase Enzyme Purification and Immobilization from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 Using Cellulose Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization of Bioactivity in Melanin Product.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3100351/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Melanin is a brown-black pigment produced by a variety of organisms and has significant roles in various biological processes such as insect cuticle sclerotization, wound healing, and fruit ripening. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Research on this enzyme and its derivatives has revealed promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. The aim of this research is to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer Nano ZS, and FTIR, were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles. According to the findings, the nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm. Furthermore, they possessed a negative surface charge, as evidenced by a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260 and a surface potential of -55.7 mV. The antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product is also investigated. Results of the study indicated optimum tyrosinase activity at pH 6 and 35°C and increased with increasing tyrosine concentration. The results indicate that by immobilizing the tyrosinase enzyme on cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles, its stability can be improved, enabling longer usage. Moreover, this method could prove beneficial in increasing the production of melanin. Produced melanin showed potential antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant strain of Citrobacter freundii. The potential of melanin pigment to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells was demonstrated. When treated with the IC50 concentration, HepG2 cells showed reduced resistance to melanin pigment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biochemical characterization of Dimocarpus longan polyphenol oxidase provides insights into its catalytic efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20322. [PMID: 36434079 PMCID: PMC9700842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The "dragon-eye" fruits produced by the tropical longan tree are rich in nutrients and antioxidants. They suffer from post-harvest enzymatic browning, a process for which mainly the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) family of enzymes is responsible. In this study, two cDNAs encoding the PPO have been cloned from leaves of Dimocarpus longan (Dl), heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The prepro-DlPPO1 contains two signal peptides at its N-terminal end that facilitate transportation of the protein into the chloroplast stroma and to the thylakoid lumen. Removal of the two signal peptides from prepro-DlPPO1 yields pro-DlPPO1. The prepro-DlPPO1 exhibited higher thermal tolerance than pro-DlPPO1 (unfolding at 65 °C vs. 40 °C), suggesting that the signal peptide may stabilize the fold of DlPPO1. DlPPO1 can be classified as a tyrosinase because it accepts both monophenolic and diphenolic substrates. The pro-DlPPO1 exhibited the highest specificity towards the natural diphenol (-)-epicatechin (kcat/KM of 800 ± 120 s-1 mM-1), which is higher than for 4-methylcatechol (590 ± 99 s-1 mM-1), pyrogallol (70 ± 9.7 s-1 mM-1) and caffeic acid (4.3 ± 0.72 s-1 mM-1). The kinetic efficiencies of prepro-DlPPO1 are 23, 36, 1.7 and 4.7-fold lower, respectively, than those observed with pro-DlPPO1 for the four aforementioned diphenolic substrates. Additionally, docking studies showed that (-)-epicatechin has a lower binding energy than any other investigated substrate. Both kinetic and in-silico studies strongly suggest that (-)-epicatechin is a good substrate of DlPPO1 and ascertain the affinity of PPOs towards specific flavonoid compounds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vidović M, Battisti I, Pantelić A, Morina F, Arrigoni G, Masi A, Jovanović SV. Desiccation Tolerance in Ramonda serbica Panc.: An Integrative Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Metabolite and Photosynthetic Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1199. [PMID: 35567200 PMCID: PMC9104375 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The resurrection plant Ramonda serbica Panc. survives long desiccation periods and fully recovers metabolic functions within one day upon watering. This study aimed to identify key candidates and pathways involved in desiccation tolerance in R. serbica. We combined differential transcriptomics and proteomics, phenolic and sugar analysis, FTIR analysis of the cell wall polymers, and detailed analysis of the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) chain. The proteomic analysis allowed the relative quantification of 1192 different protein groups, of which 408 were differentially abundant between hydrated (HL) and desiccated leaves (DL). Almost all differentially abundant proteins related to photosynthetic processes were less abundant, while chlorophyll fluorescence measurements implied shifting from linear PET to cyclic electron transport (CET). The levels of H2O2 scavenging enzymes, ascorbate-glutathione cycle components, catalases, peroxiredoxins, Fe-, and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced in DL. However, six germin-like proteins (GLPs), four Cu/ZnSOD isoforms, three polyphenol oxidases, and 22 late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAPs; mainly LEA4 and dehydrins), were desiccation-inducible. Desiccation provoked cell wall remodeling related to GLP-derived H2O2/HO● activity and pectin demethylesterification. This comprehensive study contributes to understanding the role and regulation of the main metabolic pathways during desiccation aiming at crop drought tolerance improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vidović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.B.); (G.A.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Ana Pantelić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Filis Morina
- Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovska 31/1160, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.B.); (G.A.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Via G. Orus 2/B, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Science, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Makori SI, Mu TH, Sun HN. Functionalization of sweet potato leaf polyphenols by nanostructured composite β-lactoglobulin particles from molecular level complexations: A review. Food Chem 2022; 372:131304. [PMID: 34655825 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato leaf polyphenols (SPLPs) have shown potential health benefits in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, consumption of SPLPs from animal feeds to foodstuff is becoming a trend worldwide. However, the application of SPLPs is limited by their low bioavailability and stability. β-lactoglobulin (βlg), a highly regarded whey protein, can interact with SPLPs at the molecular level to form reversible or irreversible nanocomplexes (NCs). Consequently, the functional properties and final quality of SPLPs are directly modified. In this review, the composition and structure of SPLPs and βlg, as well as methods of molecular complexation and mechanisms of formation of SPLPsβlgNCs, are revisited. The modified functionalities of SPLPsβlgNCs, especially protein conformational structures, antioxidant activity, solubility, thermal stability, emulsifying, and gelling properties including allergenic potential, digestibility, and practical applications are discussed for SPLPs future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Isaboke Makori
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China; Food Technology Division, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI), P.O. Box 30650, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tai-Hua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hong-Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qi X, Yan W, Cao Z, Ding M, Yuan Y. Current Advances in the Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Polyethylene Terephthalate. Microorganisms 2021; 10:39. [PMID: 35056486 PMCID: PMC8779501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic that is polymerized by terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). In recent years, PET biodegradation and bioconversion have become important in solving environmental plastic pollution. More and more PET hydrolases have been discovered and modified, which mainly act on and degrade the ester bond of PET. The monomers, TPA and EG, can be further utilized by microorganisms, entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) or being converted into high value chemicals, and finally realizing the biodegradation and bioconversion of PET. Based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, this review summarizes the current advances in the modified PET hydrolases, engineered microbial chassis in degrading PET, bioconversion pathways of PET monomers, and artificial microbial consortia in PET biodegradation and bioconversion. Artificial microbial consortium provides novel ideas for the biodegradation and bioconversion of PET or other complex polymers. It is helpful to realize the one-step bioconversion of PET into high value chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Qi
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Q.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Q.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhibei Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Q.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Q.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Q.); (W.Y.); (Z.C.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim S, Bae G, Shin M, Kang E, Park TY, Choi YS, Cha HJ. Oriented in situ immobilization of a functional tyrosinase on microcrystalline cellulose effectively incorporates DOPA residues in bioengineered mussel adhesive protein. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100216. [PMID: 34536060 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechol-containing polymers such as mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) are attractive as biocompatible adhesive biomaterials, and the catecholic amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (DOPA) is considered a key molecule in underwater mussel adhesion. Tyrosinases can specifically convert tyrosine to DOPA without any cofactors. However, their catalytic properties still need to be adjusted to minimize unwanted DOPA oxidation via their diphenolase activity and catechol instability at neutral and basic pH values in the reaction products. METHODS AND RESULTS In this work, we constructed a novel functional tyrosinase, mTyr-CNK_CBM, by fusion of mTyr-CNK with a cellulose-binding motif (CBM) for oriented in situ immobilization on microcrystalline cellulose via the C-terminal CBM without any additional purification steps. mTyr-CNK_CBM showed optimal catalytic activity at pH 4.5-6.5 and room temperature and had a high monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio (Vmax mono/Vmax di = 2.08 at pH 6 and 25°C). mTyr-CNK_CBM exhibited 2.17-fold higher (as a unimmobilized free enzyme) and similarly high (upon immobilization) in vitro DOPA modification of a bioengineered MAP compared to a commercially available mushroom tyrosinase. Moreover, the immobilized mTyr-CNK_CBM showed long-term storability and improved reusability. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate a strong potential for practical use of immobilized mTyr-CNK_CBM as a monophenol monooxygenase in preparing biocompatible DOPA-tethered biomaterials and other catechol-containing polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungsu Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cerenius L, Söderhäll K. Immune properties of invertebrate phenoloxidases. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104098. [PMID: 33857469 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin production from different types of phenoloxidases (POs) confers immunity from a variety of pathogens ranging from viruses and microorganisms to parasites. The arthropod proPO expresses a variety of activities including cytokine, opsonin and microbiocidal activities independent of and even without melanin production. Proteolytic processing of proPO and its activating enzyme gives rise to several peptide fragments with a variety of separate activities in a process reminiscent of vertebrate complement system activation although proPO bears no sequence similarity to vertebrate complement factors. Pathogens influence proPO activation and thereby what types of immune effects that will be produced. An increasing number of specialised pathogens - from parasites to viruses - have been identified who can synthesise compounds specifically aimed at the proPO-system. In invertebrates outside the arthropods phylogenetically unrelated POs are participating in melanization reactions obviously aimed at intruders and/or aberrant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lage Cerenius
- Department of Organismal Biology,Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- Department of Organismal Biology,Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panis F, Krachler RF, Krachler R, Rompel A. Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Well-Adapted Tyrosinase from Peatlands Identified by Partial Community Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11445-11454. [PMID: 34156250 PMCID: PMC8375020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In peatlands, bacterial tyrosinases (TYRs) are proposed to act as key regulators of carbon storage by removing phenolic compounds, which inhibit the degradation of organic carbon. Historically, TYR activity has been blocked by anoxia resulting from persistent waterlogging; however, recent events of prolonged summer drought have boosted TYR activity and, consequently, the release of carbon stored in the form of organic compounds from peatlands. Since 30% of the global soil carbon stock is stored in peatlands, a profound understanding of the production and activity of TYRs is essential to assess the impact of carbon dioxide emitted from peatlands on climate change. TYR partial sequences identified by degenerated primers suggest a versatile TYR enzyme community naturally present in peatlands, which is produced by a phylogenetically diverse spectrum of bacteria, including Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. One full-length sequence of an extracellular TYR (SzTYR) identified from a soda-rich inland salt marsh has been heterologously expressed and purified. SzTYR exhibits a molecular mass of 30 891.8 Da and shows a pH optimum of 9.0. Spectroscopic studies and kinetic investigations characterized SzTYR as a tyrosinase and proved its activity toward monophenols (coumaric acid), diphenols (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid), and triphenols (gallic acid) naturally present in peatlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Panis
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Rudolf F. Krachler
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Regina Krachler
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nikolaivits E, Valmas A, Dedes G, Topakas E, Dimarogona M. Considerations Regarding Activity Determinants of Fungal Polyphenol Oxidases Based on Mutational and Structural Studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e00396-21. [PMID: 33741634 PMCID: PMC8208164 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00396-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are an industrially relevant family of enzymes, being involved in the postharvest browning of fruits and vegetables, as well as in human melanogenesis. Their involvement lies in their ability to oxidize phenolic or polyphenolic compounds, which subsequently form pigments. The PPO family includes tyrosinases and catechol oxidases, which, in spite of their high structural similarity, exhibit different catalytic activities. Long-standing research efforts have not yet managed to decipher the structural determinants responsible for this differentiation, as every new theory is disproved by a more recent study. In the present work, we combined biochemical along with structural data in order to better understand the function of a previously characterized PPO from Thermothelomyces thermophila (TtPPO). The crystal structure of a TtPPO variant, determined at 1.55 Å resolution, represents the second known structure of an ascomycete PPO. Kinetic data for structure-guided mutants prove the implication of "gate" residue L306, residue HB1+1 (G292), and HB2+1 (Y296) in TtPPO function against various substrates. Our findings demonstrate the role of L306 in the accommodation of bulky substrates and show that residue HB1+1 is unlikely to determine monophenolase activity, as was suggested from previous studies.IMPORTANCE PPOs are enzymes of biotechnological interest. They have been extensively studied both biochemically and structurally, with a special focus on the plant-derived counterparts. Even so, explicit description of the molecular determinants of their substrate specificity is still pending. For ascomycete PPOs, only one crystal structure has been determined so far, thus limiting our knowledge on this tree branch of the family. In the present study, we report the second crystal structure of an ascomycete PPO. Combined with site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical studies, we depict the amino acids in the vicinity of the active site that affect enzyme activity and perform a detailed analysis on a variety of substrates. Our findings improve current understanding of structure-function relations of microbial PPOs, which is a prerequisite for the engineering of biocatalysts of desired properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Grigorios Dedes
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimarogona
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gomes A, Bessa LJ, Correia P, Fernandes I, Ferraz R, Gameiro P, Teixeira C, Gomes P. "Clicking" an Ionic Liquid to a Potent Antimicrobial Peptide: On the Route towards Improved Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6174. [PMID: 32859111 PMCID: PMC7504088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A covalent conjugate between an antibacterial ionic liquid and an antimicrobial peptide was produced via "click" chemistry, and found to retain the parent peptide's activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, and antibiofilm action on a resistant clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, while exhibiting much improved stability towards tyrosinase-mediated modifications. This unprecedented communication is a prelude for the promise held by ionic liquids -based approaches as tools to improve the action of bioactive peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Lucinda J. Bessa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Patrícia Correia
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gameiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (L.J.B.); (P.C.); (I.F.); (R.F.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|