1
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Atallah E, Trehiou S, Alquier-Bacquie V, Lasserre F, Arroyo J, Molette C, Remignon H. Development of hepatic steatosis in male and female mule ducks after respective force-feeding programs. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1392968. [PMID: 38974520 PMCID: PMC11224645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1392968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Male and female mule ducks were subjected to a force-feeding diet to induce liver steatosis as it is generally done only with male ducks for the production of foie gras. The different biochemical measurements indicated that the course of hepatic steatosis development was present in both sexes and associated with a huge increase in liver weight mainly due to the synthesis and accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. In livers of male and female ducks, this lipid accumulation was associated with oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, certain specific modifications (kinetics of lipid droplet development and hepatic inflammation) indicate that female ducks may tolerate force-feeding less well, at least at the hepatic level. This is in contradiction with what is generally reported concerning hepatic steatosis induced by dietary disturbances in mammals but could be explained by the very specific conditions imposed by force-feeding. Despite this, force-feeding female ducks seems entirely feasible, provided that the final quality of the product is as good as that of the male ducks, which will remain to be demonstrated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Atallah
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Trehiou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Alquier-Bacquie
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Remignon
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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2
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Wang D, Baghoomian A, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Whang EC, Li X, Fraga J, Spellman RA, Dong TS, Li W, Gupta A, Benhammou JN, Sallam T. Hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein partially uncouples inflammation from fibrosis in MAFLD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599212. [PMID: 38948798 PMCID: PMC11212925 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common liver disease worldwide. The progression to fibrosis, occurring against a backdrop of hepatic steatosis and inflammation, critically determines liver-related morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory processes contribute to various stages of MAFLD and thought to instigate hepatic fibrosis. For this reason, targeting inflammation has been heavily nominated as a strategy to mitigate liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a secreted protein that plays an established role in innate immune responses. Here, using adoptive transfer studies and tissue-specific deletion models we show that hepatocytes are the dominant contributors to circulating LBP. In a murine model of MAFLD, hepatocyte-specific deletion of LBP restrained hepatic inflammation and improved liver function abnormalities, but not measures of fibrosis. Human studies, including genetic evidence, corroborate an important role for LBP in hepatic inflammation with minimal impact on fibrosis. Collectively, our data argues against the idea that targeting hepatic inflammation is a viable approach to reducing fibrosis.
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3
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Ming X, Chen S, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Lv Y. m6A RNA Methylation and Implications for Hepatic Lipid Metabolism. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:271-278. [PMID: 38635960 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a summary of recent progress in research on the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and regulatory roles in hepatic lipid metabolism. As the most abundant internal modification of eukaryotic RNA, the m6A modification is a dynamic and reversible process of the m6A enzyme system, which includes writers, erasers, and readers. m6A methylation depressed lipid synthesis and facilitated lipolysis in liver. The depletion of m6A methyltransferase Mettl14/Mettl3 raised fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) in rodent liver, causing increases in liver weight, triglyceride (TG) production, and content in hepatocytes. FTO catalyzed m6A demethylation and the suppression m6A reader YTHDC2 promoted hepatocellular TG generation and hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) signaling pathway, which upregulated the lipogenic genes FAS, SCD1, ACC, recombinant acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase alpha, and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector C (CIDEC). Furthermore, FTO overexpression did not only enhance mitochondrial fusion to impair mitochondrial function and lipid oxidation but also promoted lipid peroxidation, accompanied by excessive TG in hepatocytes and rodent liver. Elevated m6A modification potently suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, while the shrinkage of m6A modification arose hepatic lipid deposition. These findings have highlighted the beneficial role of m6A RNA methylation in hepatic lipid metabolism, potentially protecting liver from lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ming
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Le Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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4
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Croft AJ, Kelly C, Chen D, Haw TJ, Balachandran L, Murtha LA, Boyle AJ, Sverdlov AL, Ngo DTM. Sex-based differences in short- and longer-term diet-induced metabolic heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1219-H1251. [PMID: 38363215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00467.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sex-based differences in the development of obesity-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction are well documented, however, the specific mechanisms are not completely understood. Obesity has been linked to dysregulation of the epitranscriptome, but the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has not been investigated in relation to the sex differences during obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction. In the current study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to short- and long-term high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce obesogenic stress. Cardiac echocardiography showed males developed systolic and diastolic dysfunction after 4 mo of diet, but females maintained normal cardiac function despite both sexes being metabolically dysfunctional. Cardiac m6A machinery gene expression was differentially regulated by duration of HFHS diet in male, but not female mice, and left ventricular ejection fraction correlated with RNA machinery gene levels in a sex- and age-dependent manner. RNA-sequencing of cardiac transcriptome revealed that females, but not males may undergo protective cardiac remodeling early in the course of obesogenic stress. Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that cardiac RNA methylation machinery genes are regulated early during obesogenic stress in a sex-dependent manner and may play a role in the sex differences observed in cardiometabolic dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in obesity-associated cardiomyopathy are well documented but incompletely understood. We show for the first time that RNA methylation machinery genes may be regulated in response to obesogenic diet in a sex- and age-dependent manner and levels may correspond to cardiac systolic function. Our cardiac RNA-seq analysis suggests female, but not male mice may be protected from cardiac dysfunction by a protective cardiac remodeling response early during obesogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Croft
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Conagh Kelly
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lohis Balachandran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Ye D, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Liu J, Wei T, Lu S. The regulatory role of m 6A methylation modification in metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and progression. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1271874. [PMID: 38562618 PMCID: PMC10984216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1271874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are characterized by various complications caused by disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, which are major factors affecting the health of a population. However, existing diagnostic and treatment strategies have limitations, such as the lack of early diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, variability in patient responses to treatment, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, developing alternative solutions for metabolic syndromes is crucial. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant modifications that determine the fate of RNA. m6A modifications are closely associated with metabolic syndrome development and present novel prospects for clinical applications. Aberrant m6A modifications have been detected during inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, autophagy, iron sagging, necrosis, and scorching during metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and progression. However, few reviews have systematically described the correlation between m6A modifications and these factors concerning metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and progression. This study summarizes the m6A methylation regulators and their roles in metabolic syndrome development, highlighting the potential of m6A modification as a biomarker in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjiao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianshu Wei
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Sumei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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6
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Mauvais-Jarvis F. Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:56-69. [PMID: 37923858 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and protein mass while remaining fertile in times of energy deficit. During starvation or prolonged exercise, women rely on oxidation of lipids, which are a more efficient energy source than carbohydrates, to preserve glucose for neuronal and placental function and spare proteins necessary for organ function. Carbohydrate reliance in men could be an evolutionary adaptation related to defence and hunting, as glucose, unlike lipids, can be used as a fuel for anaerobic high-exertion muscle activity. The larger subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in healthy women than in healthy men provide a mechanism for lipid storage. As female mitochondria have higher functional capacity and greater resistance to oxidative damage than male mitochondria, uniparental inheritance of female mitochondria may reduce the transmission of metabolic disorders. However, in women, starvation resistance and propensity to obesity have evolved in tandem, and the current prevalence of obesity is greater in women than in men. The combination of genetic sex, programming by developmental testosterone in males, and pubertal sex hormones defines sex-specific biological systems in adults that produce phenotypic sex differences in energy homeostasis, metabolic disease and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Endocrine service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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7
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Luo P, Li S, Jing W, Tu J, Long X. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:838-848. [PMID: 37758602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, influencing numerous regulatory axes and extrahepatic vital organs. The molecular mechanisms that lead to the progression of NAFLD remain unclear and knowledge on the pathways causing hepatocellular damage followed by lipid accumulation is limited. Recently, a number of studies have shown that mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification contributes to the progression of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on m6A modification in the metabolic processes associated with NAFLD and discuss the challenges of and prospects for therapeutic avenues based on m6A regulation for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Diaz AV, Stephenson D, Nemkov T, D’Alessandro A, Reis T. Spenito-dependent metabolic sexual dimorphism intrinsic to fat storage cells. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad164. [PMID: 37738330 PMCID: PMC10627258 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in males and females is distinct. Differences are usually linked to sexual reproduction, with circulating signals (e.g. hormones) playing major roles. In contrast, sex differences prior to sexual maturity and intrinsic to individual metabolic tissues are less understood. We analyzed Drosophila melanogaster larvae and find that males store more fat than females, the opposite of the sexual dimorphism in adults. We show that metabolic differences are intrinsic to the major fat storage tissue, including many differences in the expression of metabolic genes. Our previous work identified fat storage roles for Spenito (Nito), a conserved RNA-binding protein and regulator of sex determination. Nito knockdown specifically in the fat storage tissue abolished fat differences between males and females. We further show that Nito is required for sex-specific expression of the master regulator of sex determination, Sex-lethal (Sxl). "Feminization" of fat storage cells via tissue-specific overexpression of a Sxl target gene made larvae lean, reduced the fat differences between males and females, and induced female-like metabolic gene expression. Altogether, this study supports a model in which Nito autonomously controls sexual dimorphisms and differential expression of metabolic genes in fat cells in part through its regulation of the sex determination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely V Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tânia Reis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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9
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Nour J, Bonacina F, Norata GD. Gonadal sex vs genetic sex in experimental atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117277. [PMID: 37775425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data and interventional studies with hormone replacement therapy suggest that women, at least until menopause, are at decreased cardiovascular risk compared to men. Still the molecular mechanisms beyond this difference are debated and the investigation in experimental models of atherosclerosis has been pivotal to prove that the activation of the estrogen receptor is atheroprotective, despite not enough to explain the differences reported in cardiovascular disease between male and female. This casts also for investigating the importance of the sex chromosome complement (genetic sex) beyond the contribution of sex hormones (gonadal sex) on atherosclerosis. Aim of this review is to present the dualism between gonadal sex and genetic sex with a focus on the data available from experimental models. The molecular mechanisms driving changes in lipid metabolism, immuno-inflammatory reactivity and vascular response in males and females that affect atherosclerosis progression will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", University of Milan, Italy.
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10
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Wiese CB, Avetisyan R, Reue K. The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:652-665. [PMID: 37598068 PMCID: PMC11090013 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of metabolism are sex-biased, from gene expression in metabolic tissues to the prevalence and presentation of cardiometabolic diseases. The influence of hormones produced by male and female gonads has been widely documented, but recent studies have begun to elucidate the impact of genetic sex (XX or XY chromosomes) on cellular and organismal metabolism. XX and XY cells have differential gene dosage conferred by specific genes that escape X chromosome inactivation or the presence of Y chromosome genes that are absent from XX cells. Studies in mouse models that dissociate chromosomal and gonadal sex have uncovered mechanisms for sex-biased epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, autoimmune disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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11
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Wang S, Chen S, Sun J, Han P, Xu B, Li X, Zhong Y, Xu Z, Zhang P, Mi P, Zhang C, Li L, Zhang H, Xia Y, Li S, Heikenwalder M, Yuan D. m 6A modification-tuned sphingolipid metabolism regulates postnatal liver development in male mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:842-860. [PMID: 37188818 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Different organs undergo distinct transcriptional, epigenetic and physiological alterations that guarantee their functional maturation after birth. However, the roles of epitranscriptomic machineries in these processes have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that expression of RNA methyltransferase enzymes Mettl3 and Mettl14 gradually declines during postnatal liver development in male mice. Liver-specific Mettl3 deficiency causes hepatocyte hypertrophy, liver injury and growth retardation. Transcriptomic and N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) profiling identify the neutral sphingomyelinase, Smpd3, as a target of Mettl3. Decreased decay of Smpd3 transcripts due to Mettl3 deficiency results in sphingolipid metabolism rewiring, characterized by toxic ceramide accumulation and leading to mitochondrial damage and elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Pharmacological Smpd3 inhibition, Smpd3 knockdown or Sgms1 overexpression that counteracts Smpd3 can ameliorate the abnormality of Mettl3-deficent liver. Our findings demonstrate that Mettl3-N6-methyl-adenosine fine-tunes sphingolipid metabolism, highlighting the pivotal role of an epitranscriptomic machinery in coordination of organ growth and the timing of functional maturation during postnatal liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Youquan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Institute of Medical Virology, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, TaiKang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Detian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Jinan, China.
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12
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Diaz AV, Matheny T, Stephenson D, Nemkov T, D’Alessandro A, Reis T. Spenito-dependent metabolic sexual dimorphism intrinsic to fat storage cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.528952. [PMID: 36824729 PMCID: PMC9949119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism in males and females is distinct. Differences are usually linked to sexual reproduction, with circulating signals (e.g. hormones) playing major roles. By contrast, sex differences prior to sexual maturity and intrinsic to individual metabolic tissues are less understood. We analyzed Drosophila melanogaster larvae and find that males store more fat than females, the opposite of the sexual dimorphism in adults. We show that metabolic differences are intrinsic to the major fat storage tissue, including many differences in the expression of metabolic genes. Our previous work identified fat storage roles for Spenito (Nito), a conserved RNA-binding protein and regulator of sex determination. Nito knockdown specifically in the fat storage tissue abolished fat differences between males and females. We further show that Nito is required for sex-specific expression of the master regulator of sex determination, Sex-lethal (Sxl). "Feminization" of fat storage cells via tissue-specific overexpression of a Sxl target gene made larvae lean, reduced the fat differences between males and females, and induced female-like metabolic gene expression. Altogether, this study supports a model in which Nito autonomously controls sexual dimorphisms and differential expression of metabolic genes in fat cells in part through its regulation of the sex determination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely V. Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tyler Matheny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tânia Reis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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13
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Chokkalla AK, Jeong S, Mehta SL, Davis CK, Morris-Blanco KC, Bathula S, Qureshi SS, Vemuganti R. Cerebroprotective Role of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein) After Experimental Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:245-254. [PMID: 36321453 PMCID: PMC10250008 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) demethylates N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a critical epitranscriptomic regulator of neuronal function. We previously reported that ischemic stroke induces m6A hypermethylation with a simultaneous decrease in FTO expression in neurons. Currently, we evaluated the functional significance of restoring FTO with an adeno-associated virus 9, and thus reducing m6A methylation in poststroke brain damage. METHODS Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were injected with FTO adeno-associated virus 9 (intracerebral) at 21 days prior to inducing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Poststroke brain damage (infarction, atrophy, and white matter integrity) and neurobehavioral deficits (motor function, cognition, depression, and anxiety-like behaviors) were evaluated between days 1 and 28 of reperfusion. RESULTS FTO overexpression significantly decreased the poststroke m6A hypermethylation. More importantly, exogenous FTO substantially decreased poststroke gray and white matter damage and improved motor function recovery, cognition, and depression-like behavior in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that FTO-dependent m6A demethylation minimizes long-term sequelae of stroke independent of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soomin Jeong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles K Davis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Simran S Qureshi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veteran Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Petri BJ, Piell KM, Wahlang B, Head KZ, Andreeva K, Rouchka EC, Cave MC, Klinge CM. Polychlorinated biphenyls alter hepatic m6A mRNA methylation in a mouse model of environmental liver disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114686. [PMID: 36341798 PMCID: PMC10120843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with liver injury in human cohorts and with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). N (6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA regulates transcript fate, but the contribution of m6A modification on the regulation of transcripts in PCB-induced steatosis and fibrosis is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that PCB and HFD exposure alters the levels of m6A modification in transcripts that play a role in NASH in vivo. Male C57Bl6/J mice were fed a HFD (12 wks) and administered a single oral dose of Aroclor1260, PCB126, or Aroclor1260 + PCB126. Genome-wide identification of m6A peaks was accomplished by m6A mRNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m6A-RIP) and the mRNA transcriptome identified by RNA-seq. Exposure of HFD-fed mice to Aroclor1260 decreased the number of m6A peaks and m6A-containing genes relative to PCB vehicle control whereas PCB126 or the combination of Aroclor1260 + PCB126 increased m6A modification frequency. ∼41% of genes had one m6A peak and ∼49% had 2-4 m6A peaks. 117 m6A peaks were common in the four experimental groups. The Aroclor1260 + PCB126 exposure group showed the highest number (52) of m6A-peaks. qRT-PCR confirmed enrichment of m6A-containing fragments of the Apob transcript with PCB exposure. A1cf transcript abundance, m6A peak count, and protein abundance was increased with Aroclor1260 + PCB126 co-exposure. Irrespective of the PCB type, all PCB groups exhibited enriched pathways related to lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation through the m6A modification. Integrated analysis of m6A-RIP-seq and mRNA-seq identified 242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with increased or reduced number of m6A peaks. These data show that PCB exposure in HFD-fed mice alters the m6A landscape offering an additional layer of regulation of gene expression affecting a subset of gene responses in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Petri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA; University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA; The University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kimberly Z Head
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, USA
| | - Kalina Andreeva
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA; University of Louisville Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences (CIEHS), USA.
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15
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Kamiya A, Ida K. Liver Injury and Cell Survival in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Regulated by Sex-Based Difference through B Cell Lymphoma 6. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233751. [PMID: 36497010 PMCID: PMC9737870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a crucial organ for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms and is the center of various metabolic functions. Therefore, abnormal metabolic activity, as in metabolic syndrome, leads to pathological conditions, such as abnormal accumulation of lipids in the liver. Inflammation and cell death are induced by several stresses in the fatty liver, namely steatohepatitis. In recent years, an increase in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is not dependent on excessive alcohol intake, has become an issue as a major cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. There are several recent findings on functional sex-based differences, NASH, and cell stress and death in the liver. In particular, NASH-induced liver injury and tumorigeneses were suppressed by B cell lymphoma 6, the transcriptional factor regulating sex-based liver functional gene expression. In this review, we discuss cell response to stress and lipotoxicity in NASH and its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-93-1121 (ext. 2783); Fax: +81-463-95-3522
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16
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Zhang X, Yin H, Zhang X, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Peng Y, Li D, Yu Y, Zhang J, Cheng S, Yang A, Zhang R. N6-methyladenosine modification governs liver glycogenesis by stabilizing the glycogen synthase 2 mRNA. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7038. [PMID: 36396934 PMCID: PMC9671881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glycogen is the main source of blood glucose and controls the intervals between meals in mammals. Hepatic glycogen storage in mammalian pups is insufficient compared to their adult counterparts; however, the detailed molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that, similar to glycogen storage pattern, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in mRNAs gradually increases during the growth of mice in liver. Strikingly, in the hepatocyte-specific Mettl3 knockout mice, loss of m6A modification disrupts liver glycogen storage. On the mechanism, mRNA of Gys2, the liver-specific glycogen synthase, is a substrate of METTL3 and plays a critical role in m6A-mediated glycogenesis. Furthermore, IGF2BP2, a "reader" protein of m6A, stabilizes the mRNA of Gys2. More importantly, reconstitution of GYS2 almost rescues liver glycogenesis in Mettl3-cKO mice. Collectively, a METTL3-IGF2BP2-GYS2 axis, in which METTL3 and IGF2BP2 regulate glycogenesis as "writer" and "reader" proteins respectively, is essential on maintenance of liver glycogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Huilong Yin
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China ,grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XThe Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003 China ,grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XThe Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003 China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Xunliang Jiang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Yingran Peng
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Da Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Yanping Yu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China ,grid.440201.30000 0004 1758 2596The Second Ward of Gynecological Tumor, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000 China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Shuli Cheng
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243The Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Laboratory Center of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Angang Yang
- grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XThe Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003 China ,grid.412990.70000 0004 1808 322XThe Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003 China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032 China
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17
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Nikkanen J, Leong YA, Krause WC, Dermadi D, Maschek JA, Van Ry T, Cox JE, Weiss EJ, Gokcumen O, Chawla A, Ingraham HA. An evolutionary trade-off between host immunity and metabolism drives fatty liver in male mice. Science 2022; 378:290-295. [PMID: 36264814 PMCID: PMC9870047 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn9886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations to infectious and dietary pressures shape mammalian physiology and disease risk. How such adaptations affect sex-biased diseases remains insufficiently studied. In this study, we show that sex-dependent hepatic gene programs confer a robust (~300%) survival advantage for male mice during lethal bacterial infection. The transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which masculinizes hepatic gene expression at puberty, is essential for this advantage. However, protection by BCL6 protein comes at a cost during conditions of dietary excess, which result in overt fatty liver and glucose intolerance in males. Deleting hepatic BCL6 reverses these phenotypes but markedly lowers male survival during infection, thus establishing a sex-dependent trade-off between host defense and metabolic systems. Our findings offer strong evidence that some current sex-biased diseases are rooted in ancient evolutionary trade-offs between immunity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Nikkanen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yew Ann Leong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - William C. Krause
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Alan Maschek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler Van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ethan J. Weiss
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Corresponding author. (A.C.); (H.A.I.)
| | - Holly A. Ingraham
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Corresponding author. (A.C.); (H.A.I.)
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18
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Abstract
Growth hormone orchestrates a complex, sex-dependent balancing act.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Jansens RJJ, Verhamme R, Mirza AH, Olarerin-George A, Van Waesberghe C, Jaffrey SR, Favoreel HW. Alphaherpesvirus US3 protein-mediated inhibition of the m6A mRNA methyltransferase complex. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111107. [PMID: 35858564 PMCID: PMC9347262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of mRNA, the so-called epitranscriptome, represent an additional layer of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The most common epitranscriptomic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is generated by a multi-subunit methyltransferase complex. We show that alphaherpesvirus kinases trigger phosphorylation of several components of the m6A methyltransferase complex, including METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP, which correlates with inhibition of the complex and a near complete loss of m6A levels in mRNA of virus-infected cells. Expression of the viral US3 protein is necessary and sufficient for phosphorylation and inhibition of the m6A methyltransferase complex. Although m6A methyltransferase complex inactivation is not essential for virus replication in cell culture, the consensus m6A methylation motif is under-represented in alphaherpesvirus genomes, suggesting evolutionary pressure against methylation of viral transcripts. Together, these findings reveal that phosphorylation can be associated with inactivation of the m6A methyltransferase complex, in this case mediated by the viral US3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J J Jansens
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruth Verhamme
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anthony Olarerin-George
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cliff Van Waesberghe
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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20
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Goldfarb CN, Karri K, Pyatkov M, Waxman DJ. Interplay Between GH-regulated, Sex-biased Liver Transcriptome and Hepatic Zonation Revealed by Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6580481. [PMID: 35512247 PMCID: PMC9154260 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The zonation of liver metabolic processes is well-characterized; however, little is known about the cell type-specificity and zonation of sexually dimorphic gene expression or its growth hormone (GH)-dependent transcriptional regulators. We address these issues using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of 32 000 nuclei representing 9 major liver cell types. Nuclei were extracted from livers from adult male and female mice; from males infused with GH continuously, mimicking the female plasma GH pattern; and from mice exposed to TCPOBOP, a xenobiotic agonist ligand of the nuclear receptor CAR that perturbs sex-biased gene expression. Analysis of these rich transcriptomic datasets revealed the following: 1) expression of sex-biased genes and their GH-dependent transcriptional regulators is primarily restricted to hepatocytes and is not a feature of liver nonparenchymal cells; 2) many sex-biased transcripts show sex-dependent zonation within the liver lobule; 3) gene expression is substantially feminized both in periportal and pericentral hepatocytes when male mice are infused with GH continuously; 4) sequencing nuclei increases the sensitivity for detecting thousands of nuclear-enriched long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and enables determination of their liver cell type-specificity, sex-bias and hepatocyte zonation profiles; 5) the periportal to pericentral hepatocyte cell ratio is significantly higher in male than female liver; and 6) TCPOBOP exposure disrupts both sex-specific gene expression and hepatocyte zonation within the liver lobule. These findings highlight the complex interconnections between hepatic sexual dimorphism and zonation at the single-cell level and reveal how endogenous hormones and foreign chemical exposure can alter these interactions across the liver lobule with large effects both on protein-coding genes and lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Goldfarb
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Bioinformatics Program Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Maxim Pyatkov
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Correspondence: David J. Waxman, PhD, Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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21
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The methyltransferase METTL3-mediated fatty acid metabolism revealed the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on alleviating steatosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113367. [PMID: 35780619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a primarily N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) plays a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its regulatory mechanism in steatosis remains unknown. METHODS Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Triglycerides, lipid droplet assay, and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate steatosis. The expression of METTL3 and cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily f polypeptide 40 (CYP4F40) was measured using Western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, almandine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assayed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to determine how METTL3 and cinnamaldehyde regulate steatosis. RESULTS METTL3 protein level was reduced in FFA-induced steatosis in AML12 cells, and METTL3 knockdown aggravated the steatosis. Cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis by increasing METTL3 expression. A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that METTL3 knockdown reduced CYP4F40 expression and reduced the level of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Cinnamaldehyde promoted CYP4F40 expression by increasing METTL3 and increased the levels of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Finally, the beneficial effects of cinnamaldehyde on steatosis were reversed after METTL3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS METTL3 knockdown aggravated steatosis in AML12 cells through CYP4F40-mediated fatty acid metabolism, and cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis via the METTL3-CYP4F40 pathway.
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22
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Pirola CJ, Sookoian S. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: advances in genetic and epigenetic implications. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:95-102. [PMID: 34966133 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty liver associated with metabolic dysfunction, also known under the acronym NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) is the leading global cause of chronic liver disease. In this review, we address the state of research on genetics and epigenetics of NAFLD with focus on key discoveries and conceptual advances over the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS The analysis of NAFLD-associated genetic variant effects on the whole-transcriptome, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with gene expression (eQTL) or splicing (sQTL) may explain pleiotropic effects. Functional experiments on NAFLD-epigenetics, including profiling of liver chromatin accessibility quantitative trait loci (caQTL) show co-localization with numerous genome-wide association study signals linked to metabolic and cardiovascular traits. Novel studies provide insights into the modulation of the hepatic transcriptome and epigenome by tissue microbiotas. Genetic variation of components of the liver cellular respirasome may result in broad cellular and metabolic effects. Mitochondrial noncoding RNAs may regulate liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. RNA modifications as N6-methyladenosine may explain sex-specific differences in liver gene transcription linked to lipid traits. SUMMARY The latest developments in the field of NAFLD-genomics can be leveraged for identifying novel disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets that may prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COL/A23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Pirola
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) - University of Buenos Aires
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) - University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Integrative analysis reveals multiple modes of LXR transcriptional regulation in liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2122683119. [PMID: 35145035 PMCID: PMC8851562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122683119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors liver X receptor (LXR) α and β play crucial roles in hepatic metabolism. Many genes induced in response to pharmacologic LXR agonism have been defined; however, the transcriptional consequences of loss of LXR binding to its genomic targets are less well characterized. Here, we addressed how deletion of both LXRα and LXRβ from mouse liver (LXR double knockout [DKO]) affects the transcriptional regulatory landscape by integrating changes in LXR binding, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression. Many genes involved in fatty acid metabolism showed reduced expression and chromatin accessibility at their intergenic and intronic regions in LXRDKO livers. Genes that were up-regulated with LXR deletion had increased chromatin accessibility at their promoter regions and were enriched for functions not linked to lipid metabolism. Loss of LXR binding in liver reduced the activity of a broad set of hepatic transcription factors, inferred through changes in motif accessibility. By contrast, accessibility at promoter nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) motifs was increased in the absence of LXR. Unexpectedly, we also defined a small set of LXR targets for direct ligand-dependent repression. These genes have LXR-binding sites but showed increased expression in LXRDKO liver and reduced expression in response to the LXR agonist. In summary, the binding of LXRs to the hepatic genome has broad effects on the transcriptional landscape that extend beyond its canonical function as an activator of lipid metabolic genes.
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Mi S, Shi Y, Dari G, Yu Y. Function of m6A and its regulation of domesticated animals' complex traits. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6524534. [PMID: 35137116 PMCID: PMC8942107 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most functionally important epigenetic modification in RNA. The m6A modification widely exists in mRNA and noncoding RNA, influences the mRNA processing, and regulates the secondary structure and maturation of noncoding RNA. Studies showed the important regulatory roles of m6A modification in animal's complex traits, such as development, immunity, and reproduction-related traits. As an important intermediate stage from animal genome to phenotype, the function of m6A in the complex trait formation of domestic animals cannot be neglected. This review discusses recent research advances on m6A modification in well-studied organisms, such as human and model organisms, and introduces m6A detection technologies, small-molecule inhibitors of m6A-related enzymes, interaction between m6A and other biological progresses, and the regulation mechanisms of m6A in domesticated animals' complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and National Engineering
Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Yuanjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and National Engineering
Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Gerile Dari
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and National Engineering
Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and National Engineering
Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China,Corresponding author:
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