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Kolic J, Sun WG, Cen HH, Ewald JD, Rogalski JC, Sasaki S, Sun H, Rajesh V, Xia YH, Moravcova R, Skovsø S, Spigelman AF, Manning Fox JE, Lyon J, Beet L, Xia J, Lynn FC, Gloyn AL, Foster LJ, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Proteomic predictors of individualized nutrient-specific insulin secretion in health and disease. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1619-1633.e5. [PMID: 38959864 PMCID: PMC11250105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Population-level variation and mechanisms behind insulin secretion in response to carbohydrate, protein, and fat remain uncharacterized. We defined prototypical insulin secretion responses to three macronutrients in islets from 140 cadaveric donors, including those with type 2 diabetes. The majority of donors' islets exhibited the highest insulin response to glucose, moderate response to amino acid, and minimal response to fatty acid. However, 9% of donors' islets had amino acid responses, and 8% had fatty acid responses that were larger than their glucose-stimulated insulin responses. We leveraged this heterogeneity and used multi-omics to identify molecular correlates of nutrient responsiveness, as well as proteins and mRNAs altered in type 2 diabetes. We also examined nutrient-stimulated insulin release from stem cell-derived islets and observed responsiveness to fat but not carbohydrate or protein-potentially a hallmark of immaturity. Understanding the diversity of insulin responses to carbohydrate, protein, and fat lays the groundwork for personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kolic
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - WenQing Grace Sun
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica D Ewald
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason C Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Varsha Rajesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Han Xia
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Renata Moravcova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Søs Skovsø
- Valkyrie Life Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Leanne Beet
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Wellcome Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kolic J, Sun WG, Cen HH, Ewald J, Rogalski JC, Sasaki S, Sun H, Rajesh V, Xia YH, Moravcova R, Skovsø S, Spigelman AF, Manning Fox JE, Lyon J, Beet L, Xia J, Lynn FC, Gloyn AL, Foster LJ, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Proteomic predictors of individualized nutrient-specific insulin secretion in health and disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.05.24.23290298. [PMID: 38496562 PMCID: PMC10942505 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.23290298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Population level variation and molecular mechanisms behind insulin secretion in response to carbohydrate, protein, and fat remain uncharacterized despite ramifications for personalized nutrition. Here, we define prototypical insulin secretion dynamics in response to the three macronutrients in islets from 140 cadaveric donors, including those diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. While islets from the majority of donors exhibited the expected relative response magnitudes, with glucose being highest, amino acid moderate, and fatty acid small, 9% of islets stimulated with amino acid and 8% of islets stimulated with fatty acids had larger responses compared with high glucose. We leveraged this insulin response heterogeneity and used transcriptomics and proteomics to identify molecular correlates of specific nutrient responsiveness, as well as those proteins and mRNAs altered in type 2 diabetes. We also examine nutrient-responsiveness in stem cell-derived islet clusters and observe that they have dysregulated fuel sensitivity, which is a hallmark of functionally immature cells. Our study now represents the first comparison of dynamic responses to nutrients and multi-omics analysis in human insulin secreting cells. Responses of different people's islets to carbohydrate, protein, and fat lay the groundwork for personalized nutrition. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Deep phenotyping and multi-omics reveal individualized nutrient-specific insulin secretion propensity.
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Ren L, Charbord J, Chu L, Kemas AM, Bertuzzi M, Mi J, Xing C, Lauschke VM, Andersson O. Adjudin improves beta cell maturation, hepatic glucose uptake and glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2024; 67:137-155. [PMID: 37843554 PMCID: PMC10709271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recovering functional beta cell mass is a promising approach for future diabetes therapies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adjudin, a small molecule identified in a beta cell screen using zebrafish, on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes conditions in mice and human spheroids. METHODS In zebrafish, insulin expression was examined by bioluminescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), glucose levels were examined by direct measurements and distribution using a fluorescent glucose analogue, and calcium activity in beta cells was analysed by in vivo live imaging. Pancreatic islets of wild-type postnatal day 0 (P0) and 3-month-old (adult) mice, as well as adult db/db mice (i.e. BKS(D)-Leprdb/JOrlRj), were cultured in vitro and analysed by qPCR, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and whole mount staining. RNA-seq was performed for islets of P0 and db/db mice. For in vivo assessment, db/db mice were treated with adjudin and subjected to analysis of metabolic variables and islet cells. Glucose consumption was examined in primary human hepatocyte spheroids. RESULTS Adjudin treatment increased insulin expression and calcium response to glucose in beta cells and decreased glucose levels after beta cell ablation in zebrafish. Adjudin led to improved beta cell function, decreased beta cell proliferation and glucose responsive insulin secretion by decreasing basal insulin secretion in in vitro cultured newborn mouse islets. RNA-seq of P0 islets indicated that adjudin treatment resulted in increased glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, as well as downstream signalling pathways involved in insulin secretion. In islets from db/db mice cultured in vitro, adjudin treatment strengthened beta cell identity and insulin secretion. RNA-seq of db/db islets indicated adjudin-upregulated genes associated with insulin secretion, membrane ion channel activity and exocytosis. Moreover, adjudin promoted glucose uptake in the liver of zebrafish in an insulin-independent manner, and similarly promoted glucose consumption in primary human hepatocyte spheroids with insulin resistance. In vivo studies using db/db mice revealed reduced nonfasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance and strengthened beta cell identity after adjudin treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Adjudin promoted functional maturation of immature islets, improved function of dysfunctional islets, stimulated glucose uptake in liver and improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Thus, the multifunctional drug adjudin, previously studied in various contexts and conditions, also shows promise in the management of diabetic states. DATA AVAILABILITY Raw and processed RNA-seq data for this study have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE235398 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE235398 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lianhe Chu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cheung P, Thorngren J, Zhang B, Vasylovska S, Lechi F, Persson J, Ståhl S, Löfblom J, Korsgren O, Eriksson J, Lau J, Eriksson O. Preclinical evaluation of Affibody molecule for PET imaging of human pancreatic islets derived from stem cells. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 38100042 PMCID: PMC10724103 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-cell replacement methods such as transplantation of isolated donor islets have been proposed as a curative treatment of type 1 diabetes, but widespread application is challenging due to shortages of donor tissue and the need for continuous immunosuppressive treatments. Stem-cell-derived islets have been suggested as an alternative source of beta cells, but face transplantation protocols optimization difficulties, mainly due to a lack of available methods and markers to directly monitor grafts survival, as well as their localization and function. Molecular imaging techniques and particularly positron emission tomography has been suggested as a tool for monitoring the fate of islets after clinical transplantation. The integral membrane protein DGCR2 has been demonstrated to be a potential pancreatic islet biomarker, with specific expression on insulin-positive human embryonic stem-cell-derived pancreatic progenitor cells. The candidate Affibody molecule ZDGCR2:AM106 was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 using a novel click chemistry-based approach. The resulting positron emission tomography tracer [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 was evaluated for binding to recombinant human DGCR2 and cryosections of stem-cell-derived islets, as well as in vivo using an immune-deficient mouse model transplanted with stem-cell-derived islets. Biodistribution of the [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 was also assessed in healthy rats and pigs. RESULTS [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 was successfully synthesized with high radiochemical purity and yield via a pretargeting approach. [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 retained binding to recombinant human DCGR2 as well as to cryosectioned stem-cell-derived islets, but in vivo binding to native pancreatic tissue in both rat and pig was low. However, in vivo uptake of [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 in stem-cell-derived islets transplanted in the immunodeficient mice was observed, albeit only within the early imaging frames after injection of the radiotracer. CONCLUSION Targeting of DGCR2 is a promising approach for in vivo detection of stem-cell-derived islets grafts by molecular imaging. The synthesis of [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 was successfully performed via a pretargeting method to label a site-specific covalently bonded fluorine-18 to the Affibody molecule. However, the rapid washout of [18F]ZDGCR2:AM106 from the stem-cell-derived islets graft indicates that dissociation kinetics can be improved. Further studies using alternative binders of similar classes with improved binding potential are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cheung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Thorngren
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Lechi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Falcetta P, Aragona M, Bertolotto A, Bianchi C, Campi F, Garofolo M, Del Prato S. Insulin discovery: A pivotal point in medical history. Metabolism 2022; 127:154941. [PMID: 34838778 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of insulin in 1921 - due to the efforts of the Canadian research team based in Toronto - has been a landmark achievement in the history of medicine. Lives of people with diabetes were changed forever, considering that in the pre-insulin era this was a deadly condition. Insulin, right after its discovery, became the first hormone to be purified for human use, the first to be unraveled in its amino acid sequence and to be synthetized by DNA-recombinant technique, the first to be modified in its amino acid sequence to modify its duration of action. As such the discovery of insulin represents a pivotal point in medical history. Since the early days of its production, insulin has been improved in its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in the attempt to faithfully reproduce diurnal physiologic plasma insulin fluctuations. The evolution of insulin molecule has been paralleled by evolution in the way the hormone is administered. Once-weekly insulins will be available soon, and glucose-responsive "smart" insulins start showing their potential in early clinical studies. The first century of insulin as therapy was marked by relentless search for better formulations, a search that has not stopped yet. New technologies may have, indeed, the potential to provide further improvement of safety and efficacy of insulin therapy and, therefore, contribute to improvement of the quality of life of people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Falcetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Michele Aragona
- Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bertolotto
- Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Campi
- Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Monia Garofolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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