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Pei Y, He Y, Wang X, Xie C, Li L, Sun Q, Liu L, Shan S, Wang P, Liu T, Fan X, Cong M, Jia J. Tartaric acid ameliorates experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176668. [PMID: 38788791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Tartaric acid (TA) has been shown beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipid levels. However, its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of TA in experimental NAFLD. Mice were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks, followed by administration of TA or a vehicle for an additional 12 weeks while continuing on the Western diet. Blood biochemistry including transaminases and glucose tolerance test and liver tissue RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), lipid content, and histology were investigated. The HepG2 cell line was used to explore the mechanism by which TA regulates lipid metabolism. We found that TA significantly improved weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in Western diet-fed mice. By comparing gene expression differences, we found that TA affects pathways related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and fibrosis. Furthermore, TA effectively reduced oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and downregulated the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, which were enriched in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. TA also enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK which could be reverted by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C in HepG2 cells. Our study suggests that TA improves experimental NAFLD by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings indicate that TA may serve as a potential therapy for the human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Pei
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Sun
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China.
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Zhang D, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Lank D, Cooke S, Wang S, Nuotio-Antar A, Tong X, Yin L. Suppression of hepatic ChREBP⍺-CYP2C50 axis-driven fatty acid oxidation sensitizes mice to diet-induced MASLD/MASH. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101957. [PMID: 38740087 PMCID: PMC11145360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compromised hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been observed in human MASH patients and animal models of MASLD/MASH. It remains poorly understood how and when the hepatic FAO pathway is suppressed during the progression of MASLD towards MASH. Hepatic ChREBP⍺ is a classical lipogenic transcription factor that responds to the intake of dietary sugars. METHODS We examined its role in regulating hepatocyte fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the impact of hepatic Chrebpa deficiency on sensitivity to diet-induced MASLD/MASH in mice. RESULTS We discovered that hepatocyte ChREBP⍺ is both necessary and sufficient to maintain FAO in a cell-autonomous manner independently of its DNA-binding activity. Supplementation of synthetic PPAR⍺/δ agonist is sufficient to restore FAO in Chrebp-/- primary mouse hepatocytes. Hepatic ChREBP⍺ was decreased in mouse models of diet-induced MAFSLD/MASH and in patients with MASH. Hepatocyte-specific Chrebp⍺ knockout impaired FAO, aggravated liver steatosis and inflammation, leading to early-onset fibrosis in response to diet-induced MASH. Conversely, liver overexpression of ChREBP⍺-WT or its non-lipogenic mutant enhanced FAO, reduced lipid deposition, and alleviated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. RNA-seq analysis identified the CYP450 epoxygenase (CYP2C50) pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism as a novel target of ChREBP⍺. Over-expression of CYP2C50 partially restores hepatic FAO in primary hepatocytes with Chrebp⍺ deficiency and attenuates preexisting MASH in the livers of hepatocyte-specific Chrebp⍺-deleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the protective role of hepatocyte ChREBPa against diet-induced MASLD/MASH in mouse models in part via promoting CYP2C50-driven FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yuee Zhao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, PR China
| | - Gary Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Daniel Lank
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sarah Cooke
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Sujuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, PR China
| | - Alli Nuotio-Antar
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, USA; Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, NCRC Building 20-3843, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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3
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Somabattini RA, Sherin S, Siva B, Chowdhury N, Nanjappan SK. Unravelling the complexities of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: The role of metabolism, transporters, and herb-drug interactions. Life Sci 2024; 351:122806. [PMID: 38852799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a mainstream halting liver disease with high prevalence in North America, Europe, and other world regions. It is an advanced form of NAFLD caused by the amassing of fat in the liver and can progress to the more severe form known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Until recently, there was no authorized pharmacotherapy reported for NASH, and to improve the patient's metabolic syndrome, the focus is mainly on lifestyle modification, weight loss, ensuring a healthy diet, and increased physical activity; however, the recent approval of Rezdiffra (Resmetirom) by the US FDA may change this narrative. As per the reported studies, there is an increased articulation of uptake and efflux transporters of the liver, including OATP and MRP, in NASH, leading to changes in the drug's pharmacokinetic properties. This increase leads to alterations in the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Furthermore, modifications in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can have a significant impact on these properties. Xenobiotics are metabolized primarily in the liver and constitute liver enzymes and transporters. This review aims to delve into the role of metabolism, transport, and potential herb-drug interactions in the context of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Adinarayan Somabattini
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sahla Sherin
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhukya Siva
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Gallage S, Ali A, Barragan Avila JE, Seymen N, Ramadori P, Joerke V, Zizmare L, Aicher D, Gopalsamy IK, Fong W, Kosla J, Focaccia E, Li X, Yousuf S, Sijmonsma T, Rahbari M, Kommoss KS, Billeter A, Prokosch S, Rothermel U, Mueller F, Hetzer J, Heide D, Schinkel B, Machauer T, Pichler B, Malek NP, Longerich T, Roth S, Rose AJ, Schwenck J, Trautwein C, Karimi MM, Heikenwalder M. A 5:2 intermittent fasting regimen ameliorates NASH and fibrosis and blunts HCC development via hepatic PPARα and PCK1. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1371-1393.e7. [PMID: 38718791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The role and molecular mechanisms of intermittent fasting (IF) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its transition to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Here, we identified that an IF 5:2 regimen prevents NASH development as well as ameliorates established NASH and fibrosis without affecting total calorie intake. Furthermore, the IF 5:2 regimen blunted NASH-HCC transition when applied therapeutically. The timing, length, and number of fasting cycles as well as the type of NASH diet were critical parameters determining the benefits of fasting. Combined proteome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses identified that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and glucocorticoid-signaling-induced PCK1 act co-operatively as hepatic executors of the fasting response. In line with this, PPARα targets and PCK1 were reduced in human NASH. Notably, only fasting initiated during the active phase of mice robustly induced glucocorticoid signaling and free-fatty-acid-induced PPARα signaling. However, hepatocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor deletion only partially abrogated the hepatic fasting response. In contrast, the combined knockdown of Ppara and Pck1 in vivo abolished the beneficial outcomes of fasting against inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, overexpression of Pck1 alone or together with Ppara in vivo lowered hepatic triglycerides and steatosis. Our data support the notion that the IF 5:2 regimen is a promising intervention against NASH and subsequent liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchira Gallage
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen.
| | - Adnan Ali
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nogayhan Seymen
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Pierluigi Ramadori
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Vera Joerke
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Aicher
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Indresh K Gopalsamy
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Winnie Fong
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Jan Kosla
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Focaccia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suhail Yousuf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tjeerd Sijmonsma
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Rahbari
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Kommoss
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Billeter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Prokosch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rothermel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Mueller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hetzer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schinkel
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen
| | - Tim Machauer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Department Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Pathologisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Nutrient Metabolism and Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad M Karimi
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Tuebingen, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Cancer Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation, M3-Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Gunes A, Estall JL. Is MASLD lost in translation in mice? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:459-461. [PMID: 38599902 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Lack of preclinical model translation is often blamed for failed drug development. Here we discuss mouse models within the context of human steatotic liver disease (SLD). Variables such as aging and non-food hepatic stressors are often ignored but could explain challenges in reproducing the human disease in a laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysim Gunes
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ouchida T, Isoda Y, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Suzuki H, Kato Y. Cx 3Mab-4: A Novel Anti-Mouse CXCR3 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:90-95. [PMID: 38507670 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3, CD183) is a G-protein-coupled receptor for CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. CXCR3 induces chemotaxis of immune cells and promotes inflammation. Various mouse models have been developed to mimic the pathogenesis of diseases and used in the evaluation of therapeutics for these diseases. Although CXCR3 is an attractive target to suppress inflammation, anti-CXCR3 therapeutic agents have not been approved. In this study, we established a novel anti-mouse CXCR3 (mCXCR3) monoclonal antibody, Cx3Mab-4 (rat IgG1, kappa), using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that Cx3Mab-4 bound to mCXCR3-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCXCR3) cells, but did not react to parental CHO-K1 cells. The dissociation constant of Cx3Mab-4 was determined as 1.3 × 10-9 M, indicating that Cx3Mab-4 possesses a high affinity to mCXCR3-expressing cells. Cx3Mab-4 could be useful for targeting CXCR3-expressing cells in preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Isoda
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Shankar K, Metzger NP, Lawrence C, Gupta D, Osborne-Lawrence S, Varshney S, Singh O, Richard CP, Zaykov AN, Rolfts R, DuBois BN, Perez-Tilve D, Mani BK, Hammer STG, Zigman JM. A long-acting LEAP2 analog reduces hepatic steatosis and inflammation and causes marked weight loss in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101950. [PMID: 38697291 PMCID: PMC11103953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of individuals affected by metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease [1] is on the rise, yet hormonal contributors to the condition remain incompletely described and only a single FDA-approved treatment is available. Some studies suggest that the hormones ghrelin and LEAP2, which act as agonist and antagonist/inverse agonist, respectively, for the G protein coupled receptor GHSR, may influence the development of MAFLD. For instance, ghrelin increases hepatic fat whereas synthetic GHSR antagonists do the opposite. Also, hepatic steatosis is less prominent in standard chow-fed ghrelin-KO mice but more prominent in 42% high-fat diet-fed female LEAP2-KO mice. METHODS Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic potential of a long-acting LEAP2 analog (LA-LEAP2) to treat MAFLD in mice. LEAP2-KO and wild-type littermate mice were fed a Gubra-Amylin-NASH (GAN) diet for 10 or 40 wks, with some randomized to an additional 28 or 10 days of GAN diet, respectively, while treated with LA-LEAP2 vs Vehicle. Various metabolic parameters were followed and biochemical and histological assessments of MAFLD were made. RESULTS Among the most notable metabolic effects, daily LA-LEAP2 administration to both LEAP2-KO and wild-type littermates during the final 4 wks of a 14 wk-long GAN diet challenge markedly reduced liver weight, hepatic triglycerides, plasma ALT, hepatic microvesicular steatosis, hepatic lobular inflammation, NASH activity scores, and prevalence of higher-grade fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by prominent reductions in body weight, without effects on food intake, and reduced plasma total cholesterol. Daily LA-LEAP2 administration during the final 10 d of a 41.5 wk-long GAN diet challenge also reduced body weight, plasma ALT, and plasma total cholesterol in LEAP2-KO and wild-type littermates and prevalence of higher grade fibrosis in LEAP2-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Administration of LA-LEAP2 to mice fed a MAFLD-prone diet markedly improves several facets of MAFLD, including hepatic steatosis, hepatic lobular inflammation, higher-grade hepatic fibrosis, and transaminitis. These changes are accompanied by prominent reductions in body weight and lowered plasma total cholesterol. Taken together, these data suggest that LEAP2 analogs such as LA-LEAP2 hold promise for the treatment of MAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Nathan P Metzger
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Connor Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Sherri Osborne-Lawrence
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Salil Varshney
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Omprakash Singh
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Corine P Richard
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Rolfts
- Novo Nordisk Lexington, 33 Hayden Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Barent N DuBois
- Novo Nordisk Lexington, 33 Hayden Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bharath K Mani
- Novo Nordisk Lexington, 33 Hayden Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Suntrea T G Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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8
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Kara-Ali GH, Cano L, Dion S, Imerzoukene G, Hamon A, Simoes Eugénio M, Piquet-Pellorce C, Ghukasyan G, Samson M, Le Seyec J, Dimanche-Boitrel MT. Trim21 deficiency in mice increases HCC carcinogenesis in a NASH context and is associated with immune checkpoint upregulation. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1999-2013. [PMID: 38308587 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic of metabolic diseases has increased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the context of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 has been linked to poor prognosis in different cancers including HCC. In order to investigate the role of TRIM21 in liver cancer progression on NASH, Trim21+/+ and Trim21-/- male mice were injected with streptozotocin at the neonatal stage. The hypoinsulinemic mice were then fed with a high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 4, 8 or 12 weeks. All mice developed NASH which systematically resulted in HCC progression. Interestingly, compared to the Trim21+/+ control mice, liver damage was worsened in Trim21-/- mice, with more HCC nodules found after 12 weeks on HFHCD. Immune population analysis in the spleen and liver revealed a higher proportion of CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells in Trim21-/- mice. The liver and HCC tumors of Trim21-/- mice also exhibited an increase in the number of PD-L1+ and CD68+ PD-L1+ cells. Thus, TRIM21 limits the emergence of HCC nodules in mice with NASH by potentially restricting the expression of PD-1 in lymphocytes and PD-L1 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Hounana Kara-Ali
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Luis Cano
- INRAE, CHU Pontchaillou, Inserm, UMR 1241 Numecan, Univ. Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Dion
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Ghiles Imerzoukene
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Annaig Hamon
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Simoes Eugénio
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Gevorg Ghukasyan
- Plateforme d'Histopathologie de Haute Précision (H2P2), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Samson
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ. Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
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9
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Goodman RP. No single perfect mouse model of MASH. Nat Metab 2024; 6:996-997. [PMID: 38867021 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Goodman
- Liver Center, Division Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Vacca M, Kamzolas I, Harder LM, Oakley F, Trautwein C, Hatting M, Ross T, Bernardo B, Oldenburger A, Hjuler ST, Ksiazek I, Lindén D, Schuppan D, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Tonini MM, Castañeda TR, Kannt A, Rodrigues CMP, Cockell S, Govaere O, Daly AK, Allison M, Honnens de Lichtenberg K, Kim YO, Lindblom A, Oldham S, Andréasson AC, Schlerman F, Marioneaux J, Sanyal A, Afonso MB, Younes R, Amano Y, Friedman SL, Wang S, Bhattacharya D, Simon E, Paradis V, Burt A, Grypari IM, Davies S, Driessen A, Yashiro H, Pors S, Worm Andersen M, Feigh M, Yunis C, Bedossa P, Stewart M, Cater HL, Wells S, Schattenberg JM, Anstee QM, Tiniakos D, Perfield JW, Petsalaki E, Davidsen P, Vidal-Puig A. An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nat Metab 2024; 6:1178-1196. [PMID: 38867022 PMCID: PMC11199145 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, encompasses steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preclinical MASLD research is mainly performed in rodents; however, the model that best recapitulates human disease is yet to be defined. We conducted a wide-ranging retrospective review (metabolic phenotype, liver histopathology, transcriptome benchmarked against humans) of murine models (mostly male) and ranked them using an unbiased MASLD 'human proximity score' to define their metabolic relevance and ability to induce MASH-fibrosis. Here, we show that Western diets align closely with human MASH; high cholesterol content, extended study duration and/or genetic manipulation of disease-promoting pathways are required to intensify liver damage and accelerate significant (F2+) fibrosis development. Choline-deficient models rapidly induce MASH-fibrosis while showing relatively poor translatability. Our ranking of commonly used MASLD models, based on their proximity to human MASLD, helps with the selection of appropriate in vivo models to accelerate preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vacca
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
- Laboratory of Liver Metabolism and MASLD, Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, London, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lea Mørch Harder
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hatting
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Trenton Ross
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Bernardo
- Internal Medicine research Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anouk Oldenburger
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Maria Manuela Tonini
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tamara R Castañeda
- R&D Diabetes & Portfolio Innovation and Excellence, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aimo Kannt
- R&D Diabetes, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Innovation Center TheraNova and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Allison
- Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lindblom
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Oldham
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anne-Christine Andréasson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franklin Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arun Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ramy Younes
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Amano
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipankar Bhattacharya
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Simon
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Université Paris Diderot and Hôpital Beaujon, Paris, France
| | - Alastair Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioanna Maria Grypari
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susan Davies
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy, Oncology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carla Yunis
- Pfizer, Inc.; Internal Medicine and Hospital, Pfizer Research and Development, Lake Mary, FL, USA
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- LiverPat, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Aretaeion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - James W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Peter Davidsen
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, International PharmaScience Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- TVP Lab, WT/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Sun K, Zhu NL, Huang SL, Qu H, Gu YP, Qin L, Liu J, Leng Y. A new mechanism of thyroid hormone receptor β agonists ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption via remodeling bile acid profiles. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x. [PMID: 38789494 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary calories lead to systemic metabolic disorders, disturb hepatic lipid metabolism, and aggravate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bile acids (BAs) play key roles in regulating nutrition absorption and systemic energy homeostasis. Resmetirom is a selective thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ) agonist and the first approved drug for NASH treatment. It is well known that the THRβ activation could promote intrahepatic lipid catabolism and improve mitochondrial function, however, its effects on intestinal lipid absorption and BA compositions remain unknown. In the present study, the choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and high-fat diet plus CCl4 (HFD+CCl4)-induced NASH mice were used to evaluate the effects of resmetirom on lipid and BA composition. We showed that resmetirom administration (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) significantly altered hepatic lipid composition, especially reduced the C18:2 fatty acyl chain-containing triglyceride (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the two NASH mouse models, suggesting that THRβ activation inhibited intestinal lipid absorption since C18:2 fatty acid could be obtained only from diet. Targeted analysis of BAs showed that resmetirom treatment markedly reduced the hepatic and intestinal 12-OH to non-12-OH BAs ratio by suppressing cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1) expression in both NASH mouse models. The direct inhibition by resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption was further verified by the BODIPY gavage and the oral fat tolerance test. In addition, disturbance of the altered BA profiles by exogenous cholic acid (CA) supplementation abolished the inhibitory effects of resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption in both normal and CDAHFD-fed mice, suggesting that resmetirom inhibited intestinal lipid absorption by reducing 12-OH BAs content. In conclusion, we discovered a novel mechanism of THRβ agonists on NASH treatment by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption through remodeling BAs composition, which highlights the multiple regulation of THRβ activation on lipid metabolism and extends the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of THRβ agonists in NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan-Lin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Su-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Pei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Nie Q, Luo X, Wang K, Ding Y, Jia S, Zhao Q, Li M, Zhang J, Zhuo Y, Lin J, Guo C, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zeng G, You J, Sun L, Lu H, Ma M, Jia Y, Zheng MH, Pang Y, Qiao J, Jiang C. Gut symbionts alleviate MASH through a secondary bile acid biosynthetic pathway. Cell 2024; 187:2717-2734.e33. [PMID: 38653239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been found to play an important role in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but the mechanisms have not been established. Here, by developing a click-chemistry-based enrichment strategy, we identified several microbial-derived bile acids, including the previously uncharacterized 3-succinylated cholic acid (3-sucCA), which is negatively correlated with liver damage in patients with liver-tissue-biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). By screening human bacterial isolates, we identified Bacteroides uniformis strains as effective producers of 3-sucCA both in vitro and in vivo. By activity-based protein purification and identification, we identified an enzyme annotated as β-lactamase in B. uniformis responsible for 3-sucCA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that 3-sucCA is a lumen-restricted metabolite and alleviates MASH by promoting the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila. Together, our data offer new insights into the gut microbiota-liver axis that may be leveraged to augment the management of MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shumi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixiang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingying Zhuo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenghao Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangyi Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie You
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China; Translational Medicine Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Babuta M, Morel C, de Carvalho Ribeiro M, Calenda C, Ortega-Ribera M, Thevkar Nagesh P, Copeland C, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Cho Y, Joshi R, Brezani V, Hawryluk D, Datta AA, Mehta J, Nasser I, Szabo G. Neutrophil extracellular traps activate hepatic stellate cells and monocytes via NLRP3 sensing in alcohol-induced acceleration of MASH fibrosis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331447. [PMID: 38777573 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with an increased risk of fibrosis and liver-related death. Here, we aimed to identify a mechanism through which repeated alcohol binges exacerbate liver injury in a high fat-cholesterol-sugar diet (MASH diet)-induced model of MASH. DESIGN C57BL/6 mice received either chow or the MASH diet for 3 months with or without weekly alcohol binges. Neutrophil infiltration, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and fibrosis were evaluated. RESULTS We found that alcohol binges in MASH increase liver injury and fibrosis. Liver transcriptomic profiling revealed differential expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix reorganisation, neutrophil activation and inflammation compared with alcohol or the MASH diet alone. Alcohol binges specifically increased NET formation in MASH livers in mice, and NETs were also increased in human livers with MASH plus alcohol use. We discovered that cell-free NETs are sensed via Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). Furthermore, we show that cell-free NETs in vitro induce a profibrotic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and proinflammatory monocytes. In vivo, neutrophil depletion using anti-Ly6G antibody or NET disruption with deoxyribonuclease treatment abrogated monocyte and HSC activation and ameliorated liver damage and fibrosis. In vivo, inhibition of NLRP3 using MCC950 or NLRP3 deficiency attenuated NET formation, liver injury and fibrosis in MASH plus alcohol diet-fed mice (graphical abstract). CONCLUSION Alcohol binges promote liver fibrosis via NET-induced activation of HSCs and monocytes in MASH. Our study highlights the potential of inhibition of NETs and/or NLRP3, as novel therapeutic strategies to combat the profibrotic effects of alcohol in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigya Babuta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Morel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Calenda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prashanth Thevkar Nagesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Copeland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radhika Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viliam Brezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Hawryluk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aditi Ashish Datta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeeval Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Papadopoulos G, Giannousi E, Avdi AP, Velliou RI, Nikolakopoulou P, Chatzigeorgiou A. Τ cell-mediated adaptive immunity in the transition from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343806. [PMID: 38774646 PMCID: PMC11106433 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressed version of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, but also a pathophysiological "hub" that favors the emergence of liver malignancies. Current research efforts aim to identify risk factors, discover disease biomarkers, and aid patient stratification in the context of MASH-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent cancer among MASLD patients. To investigate the tumorigenic transition in MASH-induced HCC, researchers predominantly exploit preclinical animal-based MASH models and studies based on archived human biopsies and clinical trials. Recapitulating the immune response during tumor development and progression is vital to obtain mechanistic insights into MASH-induced HCC. Notably, the advanced complexity behind MASLD and MASH pathogenesis shifted the research focus towards innate immunity, a fundamental element of the hepatic immune niche that is usually altered robustly in the course of liver disease. During the last few years, however, there has been an increasing interest for deciphering the role of adaptive immunity in MASH-induced HCC, particularly regarding the functions of the various T cell populations. To effectively understand the specific role of T cells in MASH-induced HCC development, scientists should urgently fill the current knowledge gaps in this field. Pinpointing the metabolic signature, sketching the immune landscape, and characterizing the cellular interactions and dynamics of the specific T cells within the MASH-HCC liver are essential to unravel the mechanisms that adaptive immunity exploits to enable the emergence and progression of this cancer. To this end, our review aims to summarize the current state of research regarding the T cell functions linked to MASH-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Giannousi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini P. Avdi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Tong L, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang X, Yang C, Li Y, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Liu Q, Xu N, Shao S, Wu L, Zhang P, Wu G, Wu X, Chen X, Fang J, Jia R, Xu T, Li B, Zheng L, Liu J, Tong X. Transketolase promotes MAFLD by limiting inosine-induced mitochondrial activity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1013-1029.e5. [PMID: 38547864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has a global prevalence of about 25% and no approved therapy. Using metabolomic and proteomic analyses, we identified high expression of hepatic transketolase (TKT), a metabolic enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, in human and mouse MAFLD. Hyperinsulinemia promoted TKT expression through the insulin receptor-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha axis. Utilizing liver-specific TKT overexpression and knockout mouse models, we demonstrated that TKT was sufficient and required for MAFLD progression. Further metabolic flux analysis revealed that Tkt deletion increased hepatic inosine levels to activate the protein kinase A-cAMP response element binding protein cascade, promote phosphatidylcholine synthesis, and improve mitochondrial function. Moreover, insulin induced hepatic TKT to limit inosine-dependent mitochondrial activity. Importantly, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugates targeting hepatic TKT showed promising therapeutic effects on mouse MAFLD. Our study uncovers how hyperinsulinemia regulates TKT-orchestrated inosine metabolism and mitochondrial function and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for MAFLD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhangbing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changjie Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nannan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sijia Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junwei Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Synvida Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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16
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An effective MASH drug is good, but biotech can make it better. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:685-686. [PMID: 38720152 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
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17
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Govaere O, Cockell SJ, Zatorska M, Wonders K, Tiniakos D, Frey AM, Palmowksi P, Walker R, Porter A, Trost M, Anstee QM, Daly AK. Pharmacogene expression during progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Studies on mRNA and protein levels and their relevance to drug treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116249. [PMID: 38697308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is common worldwide. Genes and proteins contributing to drug disposition may show altered expression as MASLD progresses. To assess this further, we undertook transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of 137 pharmacogenes in liver biopsies from a large MASLD cohort. We performed sequencing on RNA from 216 liver biopsies (206 MASLD and 10 controls). Untargeted mass spectrometry proteomics was performed on a 103 biopsy subgroup. Selected RNA sequencing signals were replicated with an additional 187 biopsies. Comparison of advanced MASLD (fibrosis score 3/4) with milder disease (fibrosis score 0-2) by RNA sequencing showed significant alterations in expression of certain phase I, phase II and ABC transporters. For cytochromes P450, CYP2C19 showed the most significant decreased expression (30 % of that in mild disease) but significant decreased expression of other CYPs (including CYP2C8 and CYP2E1) also occurred. CYP2C19 also showed a significant decrease comparing the inflammatory form of MASLD (MASH) with non-MASH biopsies. Findings for CYP2C19 were confirmed in the replication cohort. Proteomics on the original discovery cohort confirmed decreased levels of several CYPs as MASLD advanced but this decrease was greatest for CYP2C19 where levels fell to 40 % control. This decrease may result in decreased CYP2C19 activity that could be problematic for prescription of drugs activated or metabolized by CYP2C19 as MASLD advances. More limited decreases for other P450s suggest fewer issues with non-CYP2C19 drug substrates. Negative correlations at RNA level between CYP2C19 and several cytokine genes provided initial insights into the mechanism underlying decreased expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon J Cockell
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michalina Zatorska
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kristy Wonders
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Pathology, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew M Frey
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Pawel Palmowksi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ruth Walker
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Porter
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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18
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Ji Y, Duan Y, Li Y, Lu Q, Liu D, Yang Y, Chang R, Tian J, Yao W, Yin J, Gao X. A long-acting FGF21 attenuates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-related fibrosis by modulating NR4A1-mediated Ly6C phenotypic switch in macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38679486 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of the absence of effective therapies for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), there is a rising interest in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogues due to their potential anti-fibrotic activities in MASH treatment. PsTag-FGF21, a long-acting FGF21 analogue, has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in several MASH mouse models. However, its efficacy and mechanism against MASH-related fibrosis remain less well defined, compared with the specific mechanisms through which FGF21 improves glucose and lipid metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effectiveness of PsTag-FGF21 was evaluated in two MASH-fibrosis models. Co-culture systems involving macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were employed for further assessment. Hepatic macrophages were selectively depleted by administering liposome-encapsulated clodronate via tail vein injections. RNA sequencing and cytokine profiling were conducted to identify key factors involved in macrophage-HSC crosstalk. KEY RESULTS We first demonstrated the significant attenuation of hepatic fibrosis by PsTag-FGF21 in two MASH-fibrosis models. Furthermore, we highlighted the crucial role of macrophage phenotypic switch in PsTag-FGF21-induced HSC deactivation. FGF21 was demonstrated to regulate macrophages in a PsTag-FGF21-like manner. NR4A1, a nuclear factor which is notably down-regulated in human livers with MASH, was identified as a mediator responsible for PsTag-FGF21-induced phenotypic switch. Transcriptional control over insulin-like growth factor 1, a crucial factor in macrophage-HSC crosstalk, was exerted by the intrinsically disordered region domain of NR4A1. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results have elucidated the previously unclear mechanisms through which PsTag-FGF21 treats MASH-related fibrosis and identified NR4A1 as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiliang Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingzhou Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruilong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Draggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Matchett KP, Paris J, Teichmann SA, Henderson NC. Spatial genomics: mapping human steatotic liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00915-2. [PMID: 38654090 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. MASLD can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma formation. The advent of current technologies such as single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing have transformed our understanding of the liver in homeostasis and disease. The next frontier is contextualizing this single-cell information in its native spatial orientation. This understanding will markedly accelerate discovery science in hepatology, resulting in a further step-change in our knowledge of liver biology and pathobiology. In this Review, we discuss up-to-date knowledge of MASLD development and progression and how the burgeoning field of spatial genomics is driving exciting new developments in our understanding of human liver disease pathogenesis and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jasmin Paris
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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20
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Rivera-Esteban J, Muñoz-Martínez S, Higuera M, Sena E, Bermúdez-Ramos M, Bañares J, Martínez-Gomez M, Cusidó MS, Jiménez-Masip A, Francque SM, Tacke F, Minguez B, Pericàs JM. Phenotypes of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00310-0. [PMID: 38604295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops as a consequence of liver cirrhosis, but HCC epidemiology has evolved drastically in recent years. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading cause of HCC. A substantial proportion of MASLD-associated HCC (MASLD-HCC) also can develop in patients without cirrhosis. The specific pathways that trigger carcinogenesis in this context are not elucidated completely, and recommendations for HCC surveillance in MASLD patients are challenging. In the era of precision medicine, it is critical to understand the processes that define the profiles of patients at increased risk of HCC in the MASLD setting, including cardiometabolic risk factors and the molecular targets that could be tackled effectively. Ideally, defining categories that encompass key pathophysiological features, associated with tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies, should facilitate the identification of specific MASLD-HCC phenotypes. In this review, we discuss MASLD-HCC, including its epidemiology and health care burden, the mechanistic data promoting MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and MASLD-HCC. Its natural history, prognosis, and treatment are addressed specifically, as the role of metabolic phenotypes of MASLD-HCC as a potential strategy for risk stratification. The challenges in identifying high-risk patients and screening strategies also are discussed, as well as the potential approaches for MASLD-HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Esteban
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Martínez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sena
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Bermúdez-Ramos
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Gomez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Serra Cusidó
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Jiménez-Masip
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Zhang LF, Deng WQ, Huang QW, Zhang JJ, Wang Y, Zhou TJ, Xing L, Jiang HL. Vicious Cycle-Breaking Lipid Nanoparticles Remodeling Multicellular Crosstalk to Reverse Liver Fibrosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311474. [PMID: 38194906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During liver fibrogenesis, the reciprocal crosstalk among capillarized liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and dysfunctional hepatocytes constructs a self-amplifying vicious cycle, greatly exacerbating the disease condition and weakening therapeutic effect. Limited by the malignant cellular interactions, the previous single-cell centric treatment approaches show unsatisfactory efficacy and fail to meet clinical demand. Herein, a vicious cycle-breaking strategy is proposed to target and repair pathological cells separately to terminate the malignant progression of liver fibrosis. Chondroitin sulfate-modified and vismodegib-loaded nanoparticles (CS-NPs/VDG) are designed to efficiently normalize the fenestrae phenotype of LSECs and restore HSCs to quiescent state by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway. In addition, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified and silybin-loaded nanoparticles (GA-NPs/SIB) are prepared to restore hepatocytes function by relieving oxidative stress. The results show successful interruption of vicious cycle as well as distinct fibrosis resolution in two animal models through multiregulation of the pathological cells. This work not only highlights the significance of modulating cellular crosstalk but also provides a promising avenue for developing antifibrotic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Qi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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22
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Grayson C, Faerman B, Koufos O, Mailloux RJ. Fatty acid oxidation drives mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107159. [PMID: 38479602 PMCID: PMC10997840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) generating capacity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) and compared it to components of the electron transport chain using liver mitochondria isolated from male and female C57BL6N mice. We show for the first time there are some sex dimorphisms in the production of mH2O2 by electron transport chain complexes I and III when mitochondria are fueled with different substrates. However, in our investigations into these sex effects, we made the unexpected and compelling discovery that 1) KGDH serves as a major mH2O2 supplier in male and female liver mitochondria and 2) KGDH can form mH2O2 when liver mitochondria are energized with fatty acids but only when malate is used to prime the Krebs cycle. Surprisingly, 2-keto-3-methylvaleric acid (KMV), a site-specific inhibitor for KGDH, nearly abolished mH2O2 generation in both male and female liver mitochondria oxidizing palmitoyl-carnitine. KMV inhibited mH2O2 production in liver mitochondria from male and female mice oxidizing myristoyl-, octanoyl-, or butyryl-carnitine as well. S1QEL 1.1 (S1) and S3QEL 2 (S3), compounds that inhibit reactive oxygen species generation by complexes I and III, respectively, without interfering with OxPhos and respiration, had a negligible effect on the rate of mH2O2 production when pyruvate or acyl-carnitines were used as fuels. However, inclusion of KMV in reaction mixtures containing S1 and/or S3 almost abolished mH2O2 generation. Together, our findings suggest KGDH is the main mH2O2 generator in liver mitochondria, even when fatty acids are used as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn Grayson
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivia Koufos
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- The School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Hsu CL, Loomba R. From NAFLD to MASLD: implications of the new nomenclature for preclinical and clinical research. Nat Metab 2024; 6:600-602. [PMID: 38383845 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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24
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Masuda A, Nakamura T, Iwamoto H, Suzuki H, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Imamura Y, Mori N, Koga H, Kawaguchi T. Ex-vivo expanded CD34 + cell transplantation alleviates fibrotic liver injury via innate immune modulation in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis mice. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00580-2. [PMID: 38678462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In drug-induced liver injury, vascular endothelial progenitor cells, specifically the CD34+ cell fractions, have been found to decrease liver fibrosis and promote regeneration. However, it is unclear whether CD34+ cell transplantation has anti-fibrogenic effects on MASH, which has previously been treated effectively with anti-angiogenic therapy. We investigated the efficacy of ex vivo-expanded CD34+ cells in treating MASH livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diet-induced MASH mice were fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet for 12 or 20 weeks, and were designated as a mild and a severe fibrosis model, respectively. Mouse bone marrow CD34+ cells were expanded for 7 days, transplanted into each mouse once or twice 2 weeks later, and sacrificed at 4 weeks after the first transplantation. RESULTS Expanded CD34+ cell transplantation ameliorated liver fibrosis, regardless of fibrosis degree, as indicated by the decrease in α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, hydroxyproline concentration, and fibrogenic gene expression of Col1a1 and Timp1. Furthermore, engrafted CD34+ cells reduced alanine transaminase levels, the number of TUNEL+ hepatocytes, and 8-OHdG concentration. RNA-sequencing data showed that "defense response to virus" was the most down-regulated category in the Gene Ontology analysis and subsequent analysis revealed the suppression of RIG-I-like receptors/Irf7/Stat1/Cxcl10 axis in expanded CD34+ cell-transplanted livers. Finally, the downregulation of CXCL10 expression inhibits the mobilization of inflammatory immune cells, macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells to the MASH liver. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that transplanted expanded CD34+ cells alleviate fibrotic liver injury in MASH mouse models through possible modulation of the innate immune response, which is abnormally activated by hepatocyte lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsutaka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan.
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Yasuko Imamura
- Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mori
- Department of Social Welfare, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Tamana, Kumamoto, 8650061, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan; Liver Cancer Research Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 8300011, Japan
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25
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Ma Y, Cai H, Smith J, Chu CH, Mercer SE, Boehm S, Mcdonald I, Zinker B, Cheng D. Evaluation of antisense oligonucleotide therapy targeting Hsd17b13 in a fibrosis mice model. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100514. [PMID: 38309418 PMCID: PMC10911849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetic evidence suggests a protective role of loss-of-function variants in 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) for liver fibrotic diseases. Although there is limited preclinical experimental data on Hsd17b13 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or siRNA in a fibrosis model, several ASO and siRNA approaches are being tested clinically as potential therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of Hsd17b13 ASO in a preclinical advanced NASH-like hepatic fibrosis in vivo model. In vitro testing on primary hepatocytes demonstrated that Hsd17b13 ASO exhibited strong efficacy and specificity for knockdown of the Hsd17b13 gene. In choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, HFD (CDAHFD)-induced steatotic and fibrotic mice, therapeutic administration of Hsd17b13 ASO resulted in a significant and dose-dependent reduction of hepatic Hsd17b13 gene expression. The CDAHFD group exhibited considerably elevated liver enzyme levels, hepatic steatosis score, hepatic fibrosis, and increased fibrotic and inflammatory gene expression, indicating an advanced NASH-like hepatic fibrosis phenotype. Although Hsd17b13 ASO therapy significantly affected hepatic steatosis, it had no effect on hepatic fibrosis. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that Hsd17b13 ASO effectively suppressed Hsd17b13 gene expression both in vitro and in vivo, and had a modulatory effect on hepatic steatosis in mice, but did not affect fibrosis in the CDAHFD mouse model of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ma
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA.
| | - Hong Cai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA
| | - Julia Smith
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ivar Mcdonald
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA
| | - Bradley Zinker
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA
| | - Dong Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA.
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26
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Wang Y, Yu H, Cen Z, Zhu Y, Wu W. Drug targets regulate systemic metabolism and provide new horizons to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100267. [PMID: 38187470 PMCID: PMC10770762 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with rapidly rising global prevalence. It is featured with severe hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and hepatic lipogenesis. The drugs directly targeting the processes of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are currently under clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness and remarkable adverse effects are well documented, and new concepts are required to tackle with the root causes of NASH progression. We critically assess the recently validated drug targets that regulate the systemic metabolism to ameliorate NASH. Thermogenesis promoted by mitochondrial uncouplers restores systemic energy expenditure. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial proteases and proteins that are pivotal for intracellular metabolic homeostasis normalize mitochondrial function. Secreted proteins also improve systemic metabolism, and NASH is ameliorated by agonizing receptors of secreted proteins with small molecules. We analyze the drug design, the advantages and shortcomings of these novel drug candidates. Meanwhile, the structural modification of current NASH therapeutics significantly increased their selectivity, efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the arising CRISPR-Cas9 screen strategy on liver organoids has enabled the identification of new genes that mediate lipid metabolism, which may serve as promising drug targets. In summary, this article discusses the in-depth novel mechanisms and the multidisciplinary approaches, and they provide new horizons to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China
| | - Hanhan Yu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhipeng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
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27
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Wang X, Zhang L, Dong B. Molecular mechanisms in MASLD/MASH-related HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00739. [PMID: 38349726 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer type globally. NAFLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and its more severe manifestation, NASH or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), pose a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 20%-25% of the population. The increased prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and MASH is parallel to the increasing rates of obesity-associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver diseases. MASH can progress to MASH-related HCC (MASH-HCC) in about 2% of cases each year, influenced by various factors such as genetic mutations, carcinogen exposure, immune microenvironment, and microbiome. MASH-HCC exhibits distinct molecular and immune characteristics compared to other causes of HCC and affects both men and women equally. The management of early to intermediate-stage MASH-HCC typically involves surgery and locoregional therapies, while advanced HCC is treated with systemic therapies, including anti-angiogenic therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate previous research findings while also providing the most current insights into the intricate molecular processes underlying MASH-HCC development. We delve into MASH-HCC-associated genetic variations and somatic mutations, disease progression and research models, multiomics analysis, immunological and microenvironmental impacts, and discuss targeted/combined therapies to overcome immune evasion and the biomarkers to recognize treatment responders. By furthering our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying MASH-HCC, our goal is to catalyze the advancement of more potent treatment strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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28
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Chen G, Zhou G, Zhai L, Bao X, Tiwari N, Li J, Mottillo E, Wang J. SHMT2 reduces fatty liver but is necessary for liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:173. [PMID: 38347107 PMCID: PMC10861579 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an irregular serine metabolism. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a liver enzyme that breaks down serine into glycine and one-carbon (1C) units critical for liver methylation reactions and overall health. However, the contribution of SHMT2 to hepatic 1C homeostasis and biological functions has yet to be defined in genetically modified animal models. We created a mouse strain with targeted SHMT2 knockout in hepatocytes to investigate this. The absence of SHMT2 increased serine and glycine levels in circulation, decreased liver methylation potential, and increased susceptibility to fatty liver disease. Interestingly, SHMT2-deficient mice developed simultaneous fatty liver, but when fed a diet high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol, they had significantly less inflammation and fibrosis. This study highlights the critical role of SHMT2 in maintaining hepatic 1C homeostasis and its stage-specific functions in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lidong Zhai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xun Bao
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Emilio Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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29
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Hansen HH, Pors S, Andersen MW, Vyberg M, Nøhr-Meldgaard J, Nielsen MH, Oró D, Madsen MR, Lewinska M, Møllerhøj MB, Madsen AN, Feigh M. Semaglutide reduces tumor burden in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH-HCC with advanced fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23056. [PMID: 38155202 PMCID: PMC10754821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is emerging as a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, it is not resolved if compounds in late-stage clinical development for NASH may have additional therapeutic benefits in NASH-driven HCC (NASH-HCC). Here, we profiled monotherapy with semaglutide (glucagon-like-receptor-1 receptor agonist) and lanifibranor (pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist) in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH-HCC. Disease progression was characterized in male C57BL/6 J mice fed the GAN (Gubra Amylin NASH) diet high in fat, fructose and cholesterol for 12-72 weeks (n = 15 per group). Other GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice fed the GAN diet for 54 weeks and with biopsy-confirmed NASH (NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5) and advanced fibrosis (stage F3) received vehicle (n = 16), semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c., n = 15), or lanifibranor (30 mg/kg, p.o., n = 15) once daily for 14 weeks. GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice demonstrated progressive NASH, fibrosis and HCC burden. Tumors presented with histological and molecular signatures of poor prognostic HCC. Consistent with clinical trial outcomes in NASH patients, both lanifibranor and semaglutide improved NASH while only lanifibranor reduced fibrosis in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. Notably, only semaglutide reduced tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice. In conclusion, the GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mouse is a clinical translational model of NASH-HCC. Semaglutide improves both NASH and tumor burden in GAN DIO-NASH-HCC mice, highlighting the suitability of this preclinical model for profiling novel drug therapies targeting NASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Pors
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Mogens Vyberg
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Denise Oró
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Feigh
- Gubra, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
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30
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Pan C, Liu J, Gao Y, Yang M, Hu H, Liu C, Qian M, Yuan HY, Yang S, Zheng MH, Wang L. Hepatocyte CHRNA4 mediates the MASH-promotive effects of immune cell-produced acetylcholine and smoking exposure in mice and humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2231-2249.e7. [PMID: 38056431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a leading risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we report that CHRNA4, a subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), is an accelerator of MASH progression. CHRNA4 also mediates the MASH-promotive effects induced by smoking. Chrna4 was expressed specifically in hepatocytes and exhibited increased levels in mice and patients with MASH. Elevated CHRNA4 levels were positively correlated with MASH severity. We further revealed that during MASH development, acetylcholine released from immune cells or nicotine derived from smoking functioned as an agonist to activate hepatocyte-intrinsic CHRNA4, inducing calcium influx and activation of inflammatory signaling. The communication between immune cells and hepatocytes via the acetylcholine-CHRNA4 axis led to the production of a variety of cytokines, eliciting inflammation in liver and promoting the pathogenesis of MASH. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CHRNA4 protected mice from diet-induced MASH. Targeting CHRNA4 might be a promising strategy for MASH therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyue Pan
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Yingsheng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Maohui Yang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su 211198, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yuan
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Lirui Wang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Cuesta ÁM, Palao N, Bragado P, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Herrera B, Sánchez A, Porras A. New and Old Key Players in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17152. [PMID: 38138981 PMCID: PMC10742790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer represents a major health problem worldwide with growing incidence and high mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most frequent. Hepatocytes are likely the cellular origin of most HCCs through the accumulation of genetic alterations, although hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) might also be candidates in specific cases, as discussed here. HCC usually develops in a context of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, although the role of fibrosis is controversial. The interplay between hepatocytes, immune cells and hepatic stellate cells is a key issue. This review summarizes critical aspects of the liver tumor microenvironment paying special attention to platelets as new key players, which exert both pro- and anti-tumor effects, determined by specific contexts and a tight regulation of platelet signaling. Additionally, the relevance of specific signaling pathways, mainly HGF/MET, EGFR and TGF-β is discussed. HGF and TGF-β are produced by different liver cells and platelets and regulate not only tumor cell fate but also HPCs, inflammation and fibrosis, these being key players in these processes. The role of C3G/RAPGEF1, required for the proper function of HGF/MET signaling in HCC and HPCs, is highlighted, due to its ability to promote HCC growth and, regulate HPC fate and platelet-mediated actions on liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M. Cuesta
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Palao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD-ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Porras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.M.C.); (N.P.); (P.B.); (A.G.-U.); (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Marchianò S, Biagioli M, Bordoni M, Morretta E, Di Giorgio C, Vellecco V, Roselli R, Bellini R, Massa C, Cari L, Urbani G, Ricci P, Monti MC, Giordano A, Brancaleone V, Bucci M, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Cieri E, Cirino G, Fiorucci S. Defective Bile Acid Signaling Promotes Vascular Dysfunction, Supporting a Role for G-Protein Bile Acid Receptor 1/Farnesoid X Receptor Agonism and Statins in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031241. [PMID: 37996988 PMCID: PMC10727350 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are at increased risk to develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. FXR and GPBAR1 are 2 bile acid-activated receptors exploited in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: whether dual GPBAR1/FXR agonists synergize with statins in the treatment of the liver and cardiovascular components of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Investigations of human aortic samples obtained from patients who underwent surgery for aortic aneurysms and Gpbar1-/-, Fxr-/-, and dual Gpbar1-/-Fxr-/- mice demonstrated that GPBAR1 and FXR are expressed in the aortic wall and regulate endothelial cell/macrophage interactions. The expression of GPBAR1 in the human endothelium correlated with the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Mice lacking Fxr and Gpbar1-/-/Fxr-/- display hypotension and aortic inflammation, along with altered intestinal permeability that deteriorates with age, and severe dysbiosis, along with dysregulated bile acid synthesis. Vasomotor activities of aortic rings were altered by Gpbar1 and Fxr gene ablation. In apolipoprotein E-/- and wild-type mice, BAR502, a dual GPBAR1/FXR agonist, alone or in combination with atorvastatin, reduced cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein plasma levels, mitigated the development of liver steatosis and aortic plaque formation, and shifted the polarization of circulating leukocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. BAR502/atorvastatin reversed intestinal dysbiosis and dysregulated bile acid synthesis, promoting a shift of bile acid pool composition toward FXR antagonists and GPBAR1 agonists. CONCLUSIONS FXR and GPBAR1 maintain intestinal, liver, and cardiovascular homeostasis, and their therapeutic targeting with a dual GPBAR1/FXR ligand and atorvastatin holds potential in the treatment of liver and cardiovascular components of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of SalernoSalernoItaly
| | | | | | | | - Rachele Bellini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Carmen Massa
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Zampella
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Enrico Cieri
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
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Burmeister Y, Weyer K, Dörre A, Seilheimer B. The Multicomponent Medicinal Product Hepar Compositum Reduces Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Streptozotocin- and High-Fat Diet-Induced Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease/Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3216. [PMID: 38137437 PMCID: PMC10740479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Since there is currently no approved pharmacotherapy for MASLD, there is an urgent unmet need for efficacious therapeutics for this disease. Hepar compositum (HC-24) is a multicomponent medicinal product that consists of 24 natural ingredients. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in an obesity-associated MASLD mouse model, but its potential to reduce MASLD-associated fibrosis had not been explored before this study. Here, we investigated the hepatic anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential of HC-24 in a streptozotocin (STZ)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced model of MASLD. Mice received a single injection of low-dose STZ at 2 days of age, followed by HFD feeding from 4 to 9 weeks of age. Mice were treated every second day with HC-24 or daily with the positive control telmisartan from 6 to 9 weeks of age. A non-diseased control group was included as a healthy reference. An explorative small-scale pilot study demonstrated that HC-24 improved liver histology, resulting in a lower NAFLD activity score and reduced liver fibrosis. A subsequent full study confirmed these effects and showed that HC-24 reduced hepatic inflammation, specifically reducing T helper cell and neutrophil influx, and decreased hepatic fibrosis (with qualitatively reduced collagen type I and type III immunopositivity) in the absence of an effect on body and liver weight, blood glucose or liver steatosis. These results show that HC-24 has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties in an STZ- and HFD-induced model of MASLD/MASH, suggesting that this multicomponent medicine has therapeutic potential for MASLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Weyer
- Heel GmbH, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany; (Y.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Achim Dörre
- Independent Researcher, 14641 Nauen, Germany;
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Chalifoux O, Faerman B, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative eustress and oxidative distress. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105399. [PMID: 37898400 PMCID: PMC10692731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital entry points for monosaccharides and amino acids into the Krebs cycle and thus integral for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Both complexes produce mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) and are deactivated by electrophiles. Here, we provide an update on the role of PDH and KGDH in mitochondrial redox balance and their function in facilitating metabolic reprogramming for the propagation of oxidative eustress signals in hepatocytes and how defects in these pathways can cause liver diseases. PDH and KGDH are known to account for ∼45% of the total mH2O2 formed by mitochondria and display rates of production several-fold higher than the canonical source complex I. This mH2O2 can also be formed by reverse electron transfer (RET) in vivo, which has been linked to metabolic dysfunctions that occur in pathogenesis. However, the controlled emission of mH2O2 from PDH and KGDH has been proposed to be fundamental for oxidative eustress signal propagation in several cellular contexts. Modification of PDH and KGDH with protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) and S-nitrosylation (PSNO) adducts serves as a feedback inhibitor for mH2O2 production in response to glutathione (GSH) pool oxidation. PSSG and PSNO adduct formation also reprogram the Krebs cycle to generate metabolites vital for interorganelle and intercellular signaling. Defects in the redox modification of PDH and KGDH cause the over generation of mH2O2, resulting in oxidative distress and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In aggregate, PDH and KGDH are essential platforms for emitting and receiving oxidative eustress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chalifoux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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Hong T, Xiong X, Chen Y, Wang Q, Fu X, Meng Q, Lu Y, Li X. Parathyroid hormone receptor-1 signaling aggravates hepatic fibrosis through upregulating cAMP response element-binding protein-like 2. Hepatology 2023; 78:1763-1776. [PMID: 36939197 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor central to skeletal development, bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis. However, the role of PTH1R signaling in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. Here, the role of PTH1R signaling in the activation of HSCs and hepatic fibrosis was examined. APPROACH AND RESULTS PTH1R was highly expressed in activated HSCs and fibrotic liver by using human liver specimens or carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-treated or methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD)-fed C57/BL6 mice. The mRNA level of hepatic PTH1R was positively correlated to α-smooth muscle actin in patients with liver cirrhosis. Mice with HSCs-specific PTH1R deletion were protected from CCl 4 , MCD, or western diet, plus low-dose CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis. Conversely, parathyroid hormone (PTH) aggravated liver fibrosis in CCl 4 -treated mice. Mouse primary HSCs and LX2 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. Molecular analyses by luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in combination with mRNA sequencing in HSCs revealed that cAMP response element-binding protein-like 2 (Crebl2), a novel regulator in HSCs treated by PTH that interacted with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) and increased the transcription of TGFβ in activating HSCs and collagen deposition. In agreement, HSCs-specific Crebl2 deletion ameliorated PTH-induced liver fibrosis in CCl 4 -treated mice. CONCLUSIONS In both mouse and human models, we found that PTH1R was highly expressed in activated HSCs and fibrotic liver. PTH1R signaling regulated collagen production in the HSCs through Crebl2/SMAD3/TGFβ regulatory circuits. Blockade of PTH1R signaling in HSCs might help mitigate the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingnan Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tzouanas CN, Sherman MS, Shay JE, Rubin AJ, Mead BE, Dao TT, Butzlaff T, Mana MD, Kolb KE, Walesky C, Pepe-Mooney BJ, Smith CJ, Prakadan SM, Ramseier ML, Tong EY, Joung J, Chi F, McMahon-Skates T, Winston CL, Jeong WJ, Aney KJ, Chen E, Nissim S, Zhang F, Deshpande V, Lauer GM, Yilmaz ÖH, Goessling W, Shalek AK. Chronic metabolic stress drives developmental programs and loss of tissue functions in non-transformed liver that mirror tumor states and stratify survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569407. [PMID: 38077056 PMCID: PMC10705501 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Under chronic stress, cells must balance competing demands between cellular survival and tissue function. In metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly NAFLD/NASH), hepatocytes cooperate with structural and immune cells to perform crucial metabolic, synthetic, and detoxification functions despite nutrient imbalances. While prior work has emphasized stress-induced drivers of cell death, the dynamic adaptations of surviving cells and their functional repercussions remain unclear. Namely, we do not know which pathways and programs define cellular responses, what regulatory factors mediate (mal)adaptations, and how this aberrant activity connects to tissue-scale dysfunction and long-term disease outcomes. Here, by applying longitudinal single-cell multi -omics to a mouse model of chronic metabolic stress and extending to human cohorts, we show that stress drives survival-linked tradeoffs and metabolic rewiring, manifesting as shifts towards development-associated states in non-transformed hepatocytes with accompanying decreases in their professional functionality. Diet-induced adaptations occur significantly prior to tumorigenesis but parallel tumorigenesis-induced phenotypes and predict worsened human cancer survival. Through the development of a multi -omic computational gene regulatory inference framework and human in vitro and mouse in vivo genetic perturbations, we validate transcriptional (RELB, SOX4) and metabolic (HMGCS2) mediators that co-regulate and couple the balance between developmental state and hepatocyte functional identity programming. Our work defines cellular features of liver adaptation to chronic stress as well as their links to long-term disease outcomes and cancer hallmarks, unifying diverse axes of cellular dysfunction around core causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine N. Tzouanas
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marc S. Sherman
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jessica E.S. Shay
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam J. Rubin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Mead
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler T. Dao
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Titus Butzlaff
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miyeko D. Mana
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kellie E. Kolb
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chad Walesky
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J. Pepe-Mooney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colton J. Smith
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay M. Prakadan
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L. Ramseier
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn Y. Tong
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Joung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangtao Chi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon-Skates
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Winston
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Woo-Jeong Jeong
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Aney
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan Chen
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ömer H. Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These senior authors contributed equally
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Wang Q, Bu Q, Zhou H, Lu L. Reply to: "Short-term activation of PERK alleviates the progression of experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis". J Hepatol 2023; 79:e237-e238. [PMID: 37673347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University & Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University & Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University & Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University & Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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McHugh D, Sun B, Gutierrez-Muñoz C, Hernández-González F, Mellone M, Guiho R, Duran I, Pombo J, Pietrocola F, Birch J, Kallemeijn WW, Khadayate S, Dharmalingam G, Vernia S, Tate EW, Martínez-Barbera JP, Withers DJ, Thomas GJ, Serrano M, Gil J. COPI vesicle formation and N-myristoylation are targetable vulnerabilities of senescent cells. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1804-1820. [PMID: 38012402 PMCID: PMC10709147 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) improve the outcomes of cancer, fibrosis and age-related diseases. Despite their potential, our knowledge of the molecular pathways that affect the survival of senescent cells is limited. To discover senolytic targets, we performed RNAi screens and identified coatomer complex I (COPI) vesicle formation as a liability of senescent cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of COPI results in Golgi dispersal, dysfunctional autophagy, and unfolded protein response-dependent apoptosis of senescent cells, and knockdown of COPI subunits improves the outcomes of cancer and fibrosis in mouse models. Drugs targeting COPI have poor pharmacological properties, but we find that N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors (NMTi) phenocopy COPI inhibition and are potent senolytics. NMTi selectively eliminated senescent cells and improved outcomes in models of cancer and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Our results suggest that senescent cells rely on a hyperactive secretory apparatus and that inhibiting trafficking kills senescent cells with the potential to treat various senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall McHugh
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Gutierrez-Muñoz
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernanda Hernández-González
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonology, ICR, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- AstraZeneca, Immuno-Oncology Discovery, Oncology R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Romain Guiho
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Imanol Duran
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jodie Birch
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gopuraja Dharmalingam
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Santiago Vernia
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Singh AK, Chaube B, Citrin KM, Fowler JW, Lee S, Catarino J, Knight J, Lowery S, Shree S, Boutagy N, Ruz-Maldonado I, Harry K, Shanabrough M, Ross TT, Malaker S, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C, Grabinska K, Sessa WC. Loss of cis-PTase function in the liver promotes a highly penetrant form of fatty liver disease that rapidly transitions to hepatocellular carcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566870. [PMID: 38014178 PMCID: PMC10680637 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-linked fatty liver is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 1,2 ; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to HCC remains unclear. The present study explores the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein NgBR, an essential component of the cis-prenyltransferases (cis-PTase) enzyme 3 , in chronic liver disease. Here we show that genetic depletion of NgBR in hepatocytes of mice (N-LKO) intensifies triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, inflammatory responses, ER/oxidative stress, and liver fibrosis, ultimately resulting in HCC development with 100% penetrance after four months on a high-fat diet. Comprehensive genomic and single cell transcriptomic atlas from affected livers provides a detailed molecular analysis of the transition from liver pathophysiology to HCC development. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), a key enzyme in hepatic TAG synthesis, abrogates diet-induced liver damage and HCC burden in N-LKO mice. Overall, our findings establish NgBR/cis-PTase as a critical suppressor of NAFLD-HCC conversion and suggests that DGAT2 inhibition may serve as a promising therapeutic approach to delay HCC formation in patients with advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
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Li B, Yang Z, Mao F, Gong W, Su Q, Yang J, Liu B, Song Y, Jin J, Lu Y. Downregulation of microRNA-145a-5p promotes steatosis-to-NASH progression through upregulation of Nr4a2. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1096-1109. [PMID: 37463623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood, though the potential role of epigenetic regulation by microRNA (miRNAs) is an area of increasing interest. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of miRNAs during steatosis-to-NASH progression, as well as underlying mechanisms. METHODS miR-145a-5p was identified as an important checkpoint in steatosis-to-NASH progression. In vivo loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies were performed to explore the role of miR-145a-5p and Nr4a2 in NASH progression. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to investigate the targets of miR-145a-5p. RESULTS Suppression of miR-145a-5p in the liver aggravated lipid accumulation and activated hepatic inflammation, liver injury and fibrosis in steatotic mice, whereas its restoration markedly attenuated diet-induced NASH pathogenesis. Mechanistically, miR-145a-5p was able to downregulate the nuclear receptor Nr4a2 and thus inhibit the expression of NASH-associated genes. Similarly, Nr4a2 overexpression promoted steatosis-to-NASH progression while liver-specific Nr4a2 knockout mice were protected from diet-induced NASH. This role of the miR-145a-5p/Nr4a2 regulatory axis was also confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, the expression of miR-145a-5p was reduced and the expression of Nr4a2 was increased in the livers of patients with NASH, while their expression levels significantly negatively and positively correlated with features of liver pathology, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the role of the miR-145a-5p/Nr4a2 regulatory axis in steatosis-to-NASH progression, suggesting that either supplementation of miR-145a-5p or pharmacological inhibition of Nr4a2 in hepatocytes may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of NASH. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a dynamic spectrum of chronic liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Unfortunately, there are currently no approved drugs for NASH. Our current study identified miR-145a-5p as a novel regulator that inhibits steatosis-to-NASH progression. We found that miR-145a-5p was able to downregulate the nuclear receptor Nr4a2 to suppress the expression of NASH-associated genes. The differential expression of miR-145a-5p and Nr4a2 was further confirmed in patients with NASH, raising the possibility that supplementation of miR-145a-5p or suppression of Nr4a2 in hepatocytes might provide novel strategies for treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 230032, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200235, China.
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Cao P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Sullivan MA, Chen W, Jing X, Yu H, Li F, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Wang Q, Tian W, Qiu Z, Luo L. Quercetin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via the promotion of AMPK-mediated hepatic mitophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109414. [PMID: 37423322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The global incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been surging in recent years, however, no drug is currently approved to treat this disease. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid abundant in plants and fruits, has been reported to alleviate NAFLD, however, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to further elucidate its potential mechanism of action. The beneficial effects and the underlying mechanism of quercetin in alleviating NAFLD were explored both in vitro and in vivo, by employing chemical inhibitors of autophagosomes (3-methyladenine, 3-MA), autolysosomes (chloroquine, CQ), AMPK (Compound C, CC) and SIRT1 (selisistat, EX-527). The levels of intracellular lipids, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria function, autophagy, and mitophagy were assessed by fluorescent labeling and examined using flow cytometry or confocal microscopy. Key protein expressions of autophagy, mitophagy, and inflammation were also determined. In vivo, quercetin was shown to dose-dependently effectively alleviate NAFLD, but intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA could block the beneficial effects of quercetin on body weight, liver weight, serum ALT/AST, hepatic ROS and inflammation. In vitro, quercetin could reduce intracellular lipids (Nile Red staining) and ROS/DHE accumulation, which could be also blocked by 3-MA or CQ. Furthermore, we found that CC could abrogate the protective effects of quercetin on lipid and ROS accumulation in vitro. Also, CC abolished the proautophagic and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin, as shown by western blot determination and Lyso-Tracker labeling. Importantly, mitophagy, a specific form of mitochondria-targeted autophagy, was enhanced by quercetin, as demonstrated by PINK1/Parkin protein variation and immunofluorescence colocalization of autophagosomes and mitochondria, which could also be blocked by the intervention of CC. This study demonstrates that quercetin prevents NAFLD through AMPK-mediated mitophagy and suggests that promoting mitophagy via an upregulation of AMPK may be a promising therapeutic strategy against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mitchell A Sullivan
- Translational Research Institute, Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qu Wang
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Tian
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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Guo S, Feng Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang R, Zhang Q, Li Y, Ren Y, Gao X, Bian H, Liu T, Gao H, Kong X. Metabolic crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and liver through IRF4-FSTL1 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6047. [PMID: 37770480 PMCID: PMC10539336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk has gained increasing attention in recent times; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we elucidate an endocrine pathway that is regulated by skeletal muscle interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 4, which manipulates liver pathology. Skeletal muscle specific IRF4 knockout (F4MKO) mice exhibited ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, without changes in body weight, when put on a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet. Proteomics analysis results suggested that follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) may constitute a link between muscles and the liver. Dual luciferase assays showed that IRF4 can transcriptionally regulate FSTL1. Further, inducing FSTL1 expression in the muscles of F4MKO mice is sufficient to restore liver pathology. In addition, co-culture experiments confirmed that FSTL1 plays a distinct role in various liver cell types via different receptors. Finally, we observed that the serum FSTL1 level is positively correlated with NASH progression in humans. These data indicate a signaling pathway involving IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14, that links skeletal muscle cells to the liver in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Huanqing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Bi H, Zhou B, Yang J, Lu Y, Mao F, Song Y. Whole-genome DNA methylation and gene expression profiling in the livers of mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Life Sci 2023; 329:121951. [PMID: 37473799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. It ranges simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previous studies have shown that epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, can contribute to the development and progression of simple steatosis. However, the profiling of whole-genome DNA methylation remains poorly characterized in NASH. MAIN METHODS In this study, we established a mouse model of diet-induced NASH, by maintaining male mice on a high-fructose-high-cholesterol diet (HFHC), to generate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and injury. We profiled hepatic gene expression by RNA-Sequencing and locus-specific 5-methylcytosine level, using Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS). KEY FINDINGS We identified >1000 differentially methylated regions in NASH versus control group, indicating that NASH diet could modulate the liver methylome. Furthermore, integrated analysis of methylome and transcriptome identified certain key methylated genes and pathways, which may be involved in steroid metabolism and inflammation response. The liver methylation levels of key genes especially Tgfb, Msn, Iqgap1, Cyba, Fcgr1 decreased, and their consequent increased expression may lead to NASH development. SIGNIFICANCE We found that HFHC diet-induced NASH could induces genome-wide differential DNA methylation changes. Thus, we proposed that DNA methylation profiles of genomes may be a useful signature of gene transcription and may play an important role in the development of NASH. We also screened and validated the changes of key genes, which may provide new perspectives for the mechanistic study of NASH in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Bi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Dewidar B, Mastrototaro L, Englisch C, Ress C, Granata C, Rohbeck E, Pesta D, Heilmann G, Wolkersdorfer M, Esposito I, Reina Do Fundo M, Zivehe F, Yavas A, Roden M. Alterations of hepatic energy metabolism in murine models of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver diseases. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104714. [PMID: 37454552 PMCID: PMC10384226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed hepatic energy metabolism contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), but the development of changes over time and obesity- or diabetes-related mechanisms remained unclear. METHODS Two-day old male C57BL/6j mice received streptozotocin (STZ) or placebo (PLC) and then high-fat (HFD) or regular chow diet (RCD) from week 4 (W4) to either W8 or W16, yielding control [CTRL = PLC + RCD], diabetes [DIAB = STZ + RCD], obesity [OBES = PLC + HFD] and diabetes-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH = STZ + HFD] models. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry and insulin-sensitive glucose metabolism by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with stable isotope dilution. FINDINGS NASH showed higher steatosis and NAFLD activity already at W8 and liver fibrosis at W16 (all p < 0.01 vs CTRL). Ballooning was increased in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL). At W16, insulin sensitivity was 47%, 58% and 75% lower in DIAB, NASH and OBES (p < 0.001 vs CTRL). Hepatic uncoupled fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated respiration was reduced in OBES at W8, but doubled in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL) and correlated with biomarkers of unfolded protein response (UPR), oxidative stress and hepatic expression of certain enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, Acc2; carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Cpt1a). Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-driven respiration was lower in OBES at W8 and doubled in DIAB at W16 (p < 0.0001 vs CTRL), which positively correlated with expression of genes related to lipolysis. INTERPRETATION Hepatic mitochondria adapt to various metabolic challenges with increasing FAO-driven respiration, which is linked to dysfunctional UPR, systemic oxidative stress, insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism. In a diabetes model, higher TCA-linked respiration reflected mitochondrial adaptation to greater hepatic lipid turnover. FUNDING Funding bodies that contributed to this study were listed in the acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Englisch
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Insulin Resistance, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wolkersdorfer
- Landesapotheke Salzburg, Department of Production, Hospital Pharmacy, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michelle Reina Do Fundo
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fariba Zivehe
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Fang J, Celton-Morizur S, Desdouets C. NAFLD-Related HCC: Focus on the Latest Relevant Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3723. [PMID: 37509384 PMCID: PMC10377912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Despite extensive research, the biological mechanisms underlying HCC's development and progression remain only partially understood. Chronic overeating and/or sedentary-lifestyle-associated obesity, which promote Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), have recently emerged as worrying risk factors for HCC. NAFLD is characterized by excessive hepatocellular lipid accumulation (steatosis) and affects one quarter of the world's population. Steatosis progresses in the more severe inflammatory form, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), potentially leading to HCC. The incidence of NASH is expected to increase by up to 56% over the next 10 years. Better diagnoses and the establishment of effective treatments for NAFLD and HCC will require improvements in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the disease's development. This review describes the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the mechanisms underlying the transition from NAFL/NASH to HCC. We also discuss a selection of appropriate preclinical models of NAFLD for research, from cellular models such as liver-on-a-chip models to in vivo models, focusing particularly on mouse models of dietary NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Celton-Morizur
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
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Gonzalez-Rellan MJ, Parracho T, Heras V, Rodriguez A, Fondevila MF, Novoa E, Lima N, Varela-Rey M, Senra A, Chantada-Vazquez MD, Ameneiro C, Bernardo G, Fernandez-Ramos D, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Bilbao J, Guallar D, Fidalgo M, Bravo S, Dieguez C, Martinez-Chantar ML, Millet O, Mato JM, Schwaninger M, Prevot V, Crespo J, Frühbeck G, Iruzubieta P, Nogueiras R. Hepatocyte-specific O-GlcNAc transferase downregulation ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by improving mitochondrial function. Mol Metab 2023:101776. [PMID: 37453647 PMCID: PMC10382944 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that directly couples the processes of nutrient sensing, metabolism, and signal transduction, affecting protein function and localization, since the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moiety comes directly from the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. De addition and removal of O-GlcNAc of target proteins is mediated by two highly conserved enzymes: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Deregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to be associated with various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The contribution of deregulated O-GlcNAcylation to the progression and pathogenesis of NAFLD remains intriguing, and a better understanding of its roles in this pathophysiological context is required to uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. By using a translational approach, our aim is to describe the role of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We used primary mouse hepatocytes, human hepatic cell lines and in vivo mouse models of steatohepatitis to manipulate O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). We also studied OGT and O-GlcNAcylation in liver samples from different cohorts of people with NAFLD. O-GlcNAcylation was upregulated in the liver of people and animal models with steatohepatitis. Downregulation of OGT in NAFLD-hepatocytes improved diet-induced liver injury in both in vivo and in vitro models. Proteomics studies revealed that mitochondrial proteins were hyper-O-GlcNAcylated in the liver of mice with steatohepatitis. Inhibition of OGT is able to restore mitochondrial oxidation and decrease hepatic lipid content in in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD. These results demonstrate that deregulated hyper-O-GlcNAcylation favors NAFLD progression by reducing mitochondrial oxidation and promoting hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gonzalez-Rellan
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
| | - Tamara Parracho
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodriguez
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Eva Novoa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Natalia Lima
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Gene Regulatory Control in Disease, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Senra
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Dp Chantada-Vazquez
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Ameneiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ganeko Bernardo
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - David Fernandez-Ramos
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Bilbao
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Diana Guallar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology Park of Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology, Spain
| | - Jose M Mato
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Technology, Spain
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID),F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain; Galicia Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Galvão FHF, Traldi MCC, Araújo RSS, Stefano JT, D'Albuquerque LAC, Oliveira CP. PRECLINICAL MODELS OF LIVER CÂNCER. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:383-392. [PMID: 37792769 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.230302023-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
•In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis: classic models, new transgenic and combined models, that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. •Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches. •Cholangiocarcinoma has been highlighted, with an increase in prevalence. This review has an important role in understanding the pathophysiology and the development of new drugs. Background - This manuscript provides an overview of liver carcinogenesis in murine models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Objective - A review through MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to assess articles until August 2022.Methods - Search was conducted of the entire electronic databases and the keywords used was HCC, CCA, carcinogenesis, animal models and liver. Articles exclusion was based on the lack of close relation to the subject. Carcinogenesis models of HCC include HCC induced by senescence in transgenic animals, HCC diet-induced, HCC induced by chemotoxicagents, xenograft, oncogenes, and HCC in transgenic animals inoculated with B and C virus. The models of CCA include the use of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), thioacetamide (TAA), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). CCA murine models may also be induced by: CCA cells, genetic manipulation, Smad4, PTEN and p53 knockout, xenograft, and DEN-left median bile duct ligation. Results - In this review, we described different murine models of carcinogenesis that reproduce the key points for HCC and CCA genesis allowing a better understanding of its genetic, physiopathological, and environmental abnormalities. Conclusion - Each model has its advantages, disadvantages, similarities, and differences with the corresponding human disease and should be chosen according to the specificity of the study. Ultimately, those models can also be used for testing new anticancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Henrique Ferreira Galvão
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Clara Camargo Traldi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Jose Tadeu Stefano
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Transplante e Cirurgia do Fígado (LIM-37), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia P Oliveira
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Turkseven S, Turato C, Villano G, Ruvoletto M, Guido M, Bolognesi M, Pontisso P, Di Pascoli M. Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040971. [PMID: 37107346 PMCID: PMC10135482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. NAFLD can evolve from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately, to cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress, promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction, play a crucial role in the onset and development of NASH. To date, no therapy has been approved for NAFLD and NASH. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the anti-inflammatory activity of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effect of mitoquinone could hinder the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice, fatty liver was induced through the administration of a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet. Two experimental groups were treated orally with ASA or mitoquinone. Histopathologic evaluation of steatosis and inflammation was performed; the hepatic expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis was evaluated; the protein expression of IL-10, cyclooxygenase 2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1 in the liver was analyzed; a quantitative analysis of 15-epi-lipoxin A4 in liver homogenates was performed. Mitoquinone and ASA significantly reduced liver steatosis and inflammation by decreasing the expression of TNFα, IL-6, Serpinb3, and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and restoring the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Treatment with mitoquinone and ASA increased the gene and protein expression of antioxidants, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1, and decreased the expression of profibrogenic genes. ASA normalized the levels of 15-epi-Lipoxin A4. In mice fed with a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet, mitoquinone and ASA reduce steatosis and necroinflammation and may represent two effective novel strategies for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Turkseven
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Cristian Turato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Villano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences-DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ruvoletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Pathology ULSS2, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Massimo Bolognesi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Pascoli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
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49
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Mandato C, Panera N, Alisi A. Pregnancy and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023. [PMID: 37495342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the term proposed to substitute nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, comprises not only liver features but also potentially associated metabolic dysfunctions. Since experimental studies in mice and retrospective clinical studies in humans investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease during pregnancy and the adverse clinical outcomes in mothers and offspring, it is plausible that MAFLD may cause similar or worse effects on mother and the offspring. Only a few studies have investigated the possible association of maternal MAFLD with more severe pregnancy-related complications. This article provides an overview of the evidence for this dangerous liaison.
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50
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Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel JM, de Ruiter C, Attema J, Caspers MPM, Lek S, van Heuven BJ, Speksnijder AGCL, Giera M, Menke A, Salic K, Bence KK, Tesz GJ, Keijer J, Kleemann R, Morrison MC. Translational characterization of the temporal dynamics of metabolic dysfunctions in liver, adipose tissue and the gut during diet-induced NASH development in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13985. [PMID: 36915476 PMCID: PMC10006542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NAFLD progression, from steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, results from an interplay of intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Disease drivers likely include signals from white adipose tissue (WAT) and gut. However, the temporal dynamics of disease development remain poorly understood. Methods High-fat-diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were compared to chow-fed controls. At t = 0, 8, 16, 28 and 38w mice were euthanized, and liver, WAT depots and gut were analyzed biochemically, histologically and by lipidomics and transcriptomics together with circulating factors to investigate the sequence of pathogenic events and organ cross-talk during NAFLD development. Results HFD-induced obesity was associated with an increase in visceral fat, plasma lipids and hyperinsulinemia at t = 8w, along with increased liver steatosis and circulating liver damage biomarkers. In parallel, upstream regulator analysis predicted that lipid catabolism regulators were deactivated and lipid synthesis regulators were activated. Subsequently, hepatocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation developed. Hepatic collagen accumulated from t = 16 w and became pronounced at t = 28-38 w. Epididymal WAT was maximally hypertrophic from t = 8 w, which coincided with inflammation development. Mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT hypertrophy developed slower and did not appear to reach a maximum, with minimal inflammation. In gut, HFD significantly increased permeability, induced a shift in microbiota composition from t = 8 w and changed circulating gut-derived metabolites. Conclusion HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, essentially as observed in obese NAFLD patients, underlining their translational value. We demonstrate that marked epididymal-WAT inflammation, and gut permeability and dysbiosis precede the development of NAFLD stressing the importance of a multiple-organ approach in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica M Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Serene Lek
- Clinnovate Health UK Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
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