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Liu R, Su S, Xing J, Liu K, Zhao Y, Stangis M, Jacho DP, Yildirim-Ayan ED, Gatto-Weis CM, Chen B, Li X. Tumor removal limits prostate cancer cell dissemination in bone and osteoblasts induce cancer cell dormancy through focal adhesion kinase. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:264. [PMID: 37821954 PMCID: PMC10566127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can enter a dormant state and cause no symptoms in cancer patients. On the other hand, the dormant DTCs can reactivate and cause metastases progression and lethal relapses. In prostate cancer (PCa), relapse can happen after curative treatments such as primary tumor removal. The impact of surgical removal on PCa dissemination and dormancy remains elusive. Furthermore, as dormant DTCs are asymptomatic, dormancy-induction can be an operational cure for preventing metastases and relapse of PCa patients. METHODS We used a PCa subcutaneous xenograft model and species-specific PCR to survey the DTCs in various organs at different time points of tumor growth and in response to tumor removal. We developed in vitro 2D and 3D co-culture models to recapitulate the dormant DTCs in the bone microenvironment. Proliferation assays, fluorescent cell cycle reporter, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot were used to characterize the dormancy phenotype. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the dormancy signature of PCa. A drug repurposing algorithm was applied to predict dormancy-inducing drugs and a top candidate was validated for the efficacy and the mechanism of dormancy induction. RESULTS We found DTCs in almost all mouse organs examined, including bones, at week 2 post-tumor cell injections. Surgical removal of the primary tumor reduced the overall DTC abundance, but the DTCs were enriched only in the bones. We found that osteoblasts, but not other cells of the bones, induced PCa cell dormancy. RNA-Seq revealed the suppression of mitochondrial-related biological processes in osteoblast-induced dormant PCa cells. Importantly, the mitochondrial-related biological processes were found up-regulated in both circulating tumor cells and bone metastases from PCa patients' data. We predicted and validated the dormancy-mimicking effect of PF-562,271 (PF-271), an inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in vitro. Decreased FAK phosphorylation and increased nuclear translocation were found in both co-cultured and PF-271-treated C4-2B cells, suggesting that FAK plays a key role in osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first insights into how primary tumor removal enriches PCa cell dissemination in the bones, defines a unique osteoblast-induced PCa dormancy signature, and identifies FAK as a PCa cell dormancy gatekeeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Shang Su
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Jing Xing
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Mary Stangis
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Diego P Jacho
- Bioengineering Department, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Cara M Gatto-Weis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, the University of Toledo, 3000 Transverse Drive, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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2
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Lerchen HG, Stelte-Ludwig B, Heroult M, Zubov D, Gericke KM, Wong H, Frigault MM, Johnson AJ, Izumi R, Hamdy A. Discovery of VIP236, an αvβ3-Targeted Small-Molecule-Drug Conjugate with Neutrophil Elastase-Mediated Activation of 7-Ethyl Camptothecin Payload for Treatment of Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4381. [PMID: 37686656 PMCID: PMC10486604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of small-molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) using small-molecule biomarker-targeted compounds for tumor homing may provide new perspectives for targeted delivery. Here, for the first time, we disclose the structure and the synthesis of VIP236, an SMDC designed for the treatment of metastatic solid tumors by targeting αvβ3 integrins and extracellular cleavage of the 7-ethyl camptothecin payload by neutrophil elastase in the tumor microenvironment. Imaging studies in the Lewis lung mouse model using an elastase cleavable quenched substrate showed pronounced elastase activity in the tumor. Pharmacokinetics studies of VIP236 in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated high stability of the SMDC in plasma and high tumor accumulation of the cleaved payload. Studies in bile-duct-cannulated rats showed that biliary excretion of the unmodified conjugate is the primary route of elimination. Treatment- and time-dependent phosphorylation of H2AX, a marker of DNA damage downstream of topoisomerase 1 inhibition, verified the on-target activity of the payload cleaved from VIP236 in vivo. Treatment with VIP236 resulted in long-lasting tumor regression in subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from patients with non-small-cell lung, colon, and renal cancer as well as in two orthotopic metastatic triple-negative breast cancer PDX models. In these models, a significant reduction of brain and lung metastases also was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dmitry Zubov
- Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (D.Z.); (K.M.G.)
| | | | - Harvey Wong
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (M.M.F.); (A.J.J.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Melanie M. Frigault
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (M.M.F.); (A.J.J.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Amy J. Johnson
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (M.M.F.); (A.J.J.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Raquel Izumi
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (M.M.F.); (A.J.J.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Vincerx Pharma, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (M.M.F.); (A.J.J.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
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3
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Schröder HM, Niebergall-Roth E, Norrick A, Esterlechner J, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Drug Regulatory-Compliant Validation of a qPCR Assay for Bioanalysis Studies of a Cell Therapy Product with a Special Focus on Matrix Interferences in a Wide Range of Organ Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:1788. [PMID: 37443822 PMCID: PMC10340683 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has emerged as an important bioanalytical method for assessing the pharmacokinetics of human-cell-based medicinal products after xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice. A particular challenge in bioanalytical qPCR studies is that the different tissues of the host organism can affect amplification efficiency and amplicon detection to varying degrees, and ignoring these matrix effects can easily cause a significant underestimation of the true number of target cells in a sample. Here, we describe the development and drug regulatory-compliant validation of a TaqMan® qPCR assay for the quantification of mesenchymal stromal cells in the range of 125 to 20,000 cells/200 µL lysate via the amplification of a human-specific, highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequence of the chromosome 17 centromere region HSSATA17. An assessment of matrix effects in 14 different mouse tissues and blood revealed a wide range of spike recovery rates across the different tissue types, from 11 to 174%. Based on these observations, we propose performing systematic spike-and-recovery experiments during assay validation and correcting for the effects of the different tissue matrices on cell quantification in subsequent bioanalytical studies by multiplying the back-calculated cell number by tissue-specific factors derived from the inverse of the validated percent recovery rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus H. Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
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4
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Nakayama M, Yamamoto S, Hirabayashi H. Novel Cell Quantification Method Using a Single Surrogate Calibration Curve Across Various Biological Samples. AAPS J 2023; 25:26. [PMID: 36806998 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is generally used to quantify transplanted cell therapy products in biological samples. As the matrix effects on PCR amplification and variability in DNA recovery from biological samples are well-known limitations that hinder the assay's performance, a calibration curve is conventionally established for each matrix. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is based on the endpoint assay and advantageous in avoiding matrix effects. Moreover, the use of an external control gene may correct assay fluctuations to minimize the effects caused by inconsistent DNA recovery. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel and robust ddPCR method capable of quantifying human cells across various mouse biological samples using a single surrogate calibration curve in combination with an external control gene and DNA recovery normalization. Acceptable accuracy and precision were observed for quality control samples from different tissues, indicating the excellent quantitative and versatile potential of the developed method. Furthermore, the established method enabled the evaluation of human CD8+ T cell biodistribution in immunodeficient mice. Our findings provide new insights into the use of ddPCR-based quantification methods in biodistribution studies of cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Nakayama
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Tsai YC, Chen WY, Chiu CC. Molecular effects of site-specific phosphate-methylated primer on the structure and motions of Taq DNA polymerase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1820-1827. [PMID: 36923470 PMCID: PMC10009445 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular biology assay for gene detection and quantification. Conventional DNA primers for PCR often suffer from poor sensitivity in specific gene detection. Recently, oligonucleotides containing methyl phosphotriester (MPTE-DNA) have been developed with enhanced DNA hybridization and improved gene detection sensitivity. Yet, site-specific MPTE-modifications on DNA primers have been reported to affect PCR amplification efficiencies while the detailed mechanism remains elusive. Here, we utilized molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to examine the effects of site-specific MPTE-modified primers on the structure and motions of DNA/Taq polymerase complexes. All tested MPTE-DNA/Taq complexes exhibited RMSD values below 2 Å, indicating insignificant effects of all methylation sites on the complex stability. The energetic and hydrogen-bonding analyses suggest minor effects of methylation at t-3, t-4, t-6, and t-7 positions on the DNA-Taq interaction. Principal component analyses further reveal that only t-3, and t-7 methylations preserve the motions of the Taq thumb domain. The site-specific methylation affects the interaction between DNA and the surrounding protein residues, resulting in allosteric-like effects on the DNA/Taq complex. The MD data complement the best experimentally observed PCR efficacies for the t-3 and t-7 positions among all tested MPTE-primers. The unveiled molecular insights can benefit the design of novel PCR primers for improving genetic testing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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6
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Kortüm B, Radhakrishnan H, Zincke F, Sachse C, Burock S, Keilholz U, Dahlmann M, Walther W, Dittmar G, Kobelt D, Stein U. Combinatorial treatment with statins and niclosamide prevents CRC dissemination by unhinging the MACC1-β-catenin-S100A4 axis of metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:4446-4458. [PMID: 36008464 PMCID: PMC9507965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-most common malignant disease worldwide, and metastasis is the main culprit of CRC-related death. Metachronous metastases remain to be an unpredictable, unpreventable, and fatal complication, and tracing the molecular chain of events that lead to metastasis would provide mechanistically linked biomarkers for the maintenance of remission in CRC patients after curative treatment. We hypothesized, that Metastasis-associated in colorectal cancer-1 (MACC1) induces a secretory phenotype to enforce metastasis in a paracrine manner, and found, that the cell-free culture medium of MACC1-expressing CRC cells induces migration. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture mass spectrometry (SILAC-MS) of the medium revealed, that S100A4 is significantly enriched in the MACC1-specific secretome. Remarkably, both biomarkers correlate in expression data of independent cohorts as well as within CRC tumor sections. Furthermore, combined elevated transcript levels of the metastasis genes MACC1 and S100A4 in primary tumors and in blood plasma robustly identifies CRC patients at high risk for poor metastasis-free (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Mechanistically, MACC1 strengthens the interaction of β-catenin with TCF4, thus inducing S100A4 synthesis transcriptionally, resulting in elevated secretion to enforce cell motility and metastasis. In cell motility assays, S100A4 was indispensable for MACC1-induced migration, as shown via knock-out and pharmacological inhibition of S100A4. The direct transcriptional and functional relationship of MACC1 and S100A4 was probed by combined targeting with repositioned drugs. In fact, the MACC1-β-catenin-S100A4 axis by statins (MACC1) and niclosamide (S100A4) synergized in inhibiting cancer cell motility in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The MACC1-β-catenin-S100A4 signaling axis is causal for CRC metastasis. Selectively repositioned drugs synergize in restricting MACC1/S100A4-driven metastasis with cross-entity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kortüm
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harikrishnan Radhakrishnan
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Zincke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Susen Burock
- Charité University Hospital Berlin Centre 10 Charite Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité University Hospital Berlin Centre 10 Charite Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Yue GGL, Gomes AJ, Saeed MEM, Tsui KY, Dawood M, Drif AI, Wong ECW, Lee WF, Liu W, Chiu PWY, Efferth T, Lau CBS. Identification of active components in Andrographis paniculata targeting on CD81 in esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154183. [PMID: 35636176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is highly prevalent in Eastern Asia (including China) with high rates of mortality. The metastatic tendency in EC is associated with a poor prognosis. Our previous studies have demonstrated the suppressive effects of Andrographis paniculata water extract (APW) on metastatic esophageal cancer in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice models, as well as illustrated the potential underlying mechanism by transcriptome analysis. HYPOTHESIS High expressions of several membrane protein tetraspanins were reported to lead to a high risk of metastasis in esophageal cancer in patients. We hypothesized that APW could downregulate the expression of tetraspanin CD81 in esophageal cancer cells and xenografts. METHODS Human esophageal cancer cells EC109 and KYSE520 were incubated with APW for 24 hours in cell culture, while mice bearing EC109 xenograft tumors were treated with APW for 21 days. The expressions of CD81 in cancer cells and in tumors from mice were evaluated. Molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis analyses were applied to identify the components in APW interacting with CD81. The influence of the identified components on CD81 expression was further evaluated in EC109 cells. RESULTS APW could significantly suppress the expressions of CD81 in both EC109 and KYSE520 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of APW in xenograft-bearing mice reduces the metastasis in lungs, livers, and lymph nodes. The expression of CD81 in xenograft tumors of APW-treated mice was significantly lower than those of untreated control mice. The binding of andrographolide, bisandrographolide A, and bisandrographolide C with CD81 were elucidated by microscale thermophoresis. The suppressive effects of these compounds on the motility of EC109 cells, as well as CD81 protein and mRNA expressions, were further confirmed. CONCLUSION This is the first time to demonstrate that andrographolide, bisandrographolide A, and bisandrographolide C, which are present in APW, bind to CD81 and suppress its function. These compounds are likely to be responsible for the anti-metastatic activities of APW in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Adele Joyce Gomes
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Kei-Yin Tsui
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Assia I Drif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Eric Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Fung Lee
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Wai-Yan Chiu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Inhibition of MACC1-Induced Metastasis in Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071773. [PMID: 35406545 PMCID: PMC8997092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas (AGE/S) are characterized by early metastasis and poor survival. MACC1 (Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1) acts in colon cancer as a metastasis inducer and is linked to reduced survival. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic role of MACC1 in a large AGE/S cohort and the potential of MACC1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. MACC1 is an independent negative prognostic marker in our cohort. In vitro, migration was enhanced by MACC1 in overexpressing cells. This MACC1-related effect could be inhibited by using selumetinib in vitro. In vivo, MACC1 induced faster and larger metastasis development, which could be inhibited by selumetinib. In conclusion, MACC1 is a strong negative prognostic factor in AGE/S and is a potential target for therapy with selumetinib. Abstract Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas (AGE/S) are characterized by early metastasis and poor survival. MACC1 (Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1) acts in colon cancer as a metastasis inducer and is linked to reduced survival. This project illuminates the role and potential for the inhibition of MACC1 in AGE/S. Using 266 of 360 TMAs and survival data of AGE/S patients, we confirm the value of MACC1 as an independent negative prognostic marker in AGE/S patients. MACC1 gene expression is correlated with survival and morphological characteristics. In vitro analysis of lentivirally MACC1-manipulated subclones of FLO-1 and OE33 showed enhanced migration induced by MACC1 in both cell line models, which could be inhibited by the MEK1 inhibitor selumetinib. In vivo, the efficacy of selumetinib on tumor growths and metastases of MACC1-overexpressing FLO-1 cells xenografted intrasplenically in NOG mice was tested. Mice with high-MACC1-expressing cells developed faster and larger distant metastases. Treatment with selumetinib led to a significant reduction in metastasis exclusively in the MACC1-positive xenografts. MACC1 is an enhancer of tumor aggressiveness and a predictor of poor survival in AGE/S. This effect can be inhibited by selumetinib.
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Non-clinical assessment of safety, biodistribution and tumorigenicity of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1960-1969. [PMID: 34926173 PMCID: PMC8649581 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Good safety profile of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) without toxicity findings. MSC biodistribution showed primary distribution to the lung and short persistence. No tumor formation observed after 6 months of repeated MSC dosing. qPCR and in situ hybridization were combined for the detection of MSCs. Data allow progression into clinical trials for acute Graft-versus-Host disease.
Guidelines regulating the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) request nonclinical data for toxicity, biodistribution and tumorigenicity before mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) products can be administered in large clinical trials. We assessed the biodistribution/persistence, safety and tumorigenicity of MC0518, a human allogeneic MSC product from pooled bone marrow mononuclear cells of eight healthy, adult, unrelated donors, which is currently investigated for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGvHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In our GLP studies, immuno-deficient mice were administered repeat doses of MC0518 (once weekly for 6 weeks, i.v.) at doses exceeding the proposed human clinical dose 20-60-fold. No signs of toxicity were observed in the combined biodistribution/toxicity study. Human MSCs in mouse tissues were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). MC0518 showed initial trapping in the lung, occasional distribution into other organs and low tissue persistence beyond 24 h after application. No MSC-induced tumors of human origin were identified after a follow-up of six months. Additionally, we found that the combination of different detection methods (qPCR and ISH) is crucial for a reliable interpretation of biodistribution results. Our data suggest that MC0518 is safe for use in human.
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10
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Kyjacova L, Saup R, Rothley M, Schmaus A, Wagner T, Boßerhoff A, Garvalov BK, Thiele W, Sleeman JP. Quantitative Detection of Disseminated Melanoma Cells by Trp-1 Transcript Analysis Reveals Stochastic Distribution of Pulmonary Metastases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225459. [PMID: 34830742 PMCID: PMC8618565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the process of melanoma metastasis is required to underpin the development of novel therapies that will improve patient outcomes. The use of appropriate animal models is indispensable for investigating the mechanisms of melanoma metastasis. However, reliable and practicable quantification of metastases in experimental mice remains a challenge, particularly if the metastatic burden is low. Here, we describe a qRT-PCR-based protocol that employs the melanocytic marker Trp-1 for the sensitive quantification of melanoma metastases in the murine lung. Using this protocol, we were able to detect the presence of as few as 100 disseminated melanoma cells in lung tissue. This allowed us to quantify metastatic burden in a spontaneous syngeneic B16-F10 metastasis model, even in the absence of visible metastases, as well as in the autochthonous Tg(Grm1)/Cyld−/− melanoma model. Importantly, we also observed an uneven distribution of disseminated melanoma cells amongst the five lobes of the murine lung, which varied considerably from animal to animal. Together, our findings demonstrate that the qRT-PCR-based detection of Trp-1 allows the quantification of low pulmonary metastatic burden in both transplantable and autochthonous murine melanoma models, and show that the analysis of lung metastasis in such models needs to take into account the stochastic distribution of metastatic lesions amongst the lung lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kyjacova
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Rafael Saup
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Melanie Rothley
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja Schmaus
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tabea Wagner
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Anja Boßerhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Boyan K. Garvalov
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (L.K.); (R.S.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (T.W.); (B.K.G.); (W.T.)
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-71595
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11
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Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 (IGFBP2) Is a Key Molecule in the MACC1-Mediated Platelet Communication and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212195. [PMID: 34830078 PMCID: PMC8624049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell crosstalk with platelets and, subsequently, their activation are key steps in hematogenous tumor metastasis. MACC1 is an oncogene involved in molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other solid tumor entities, mediating motility and metastasis, making MACC1 an accepted prognostic biomarker. However, the impact of MACC1 on platelet activation has not yet been addressed. Here, we investigated the activation of platelets by human CRC cells upon MACC1 modulation, indicated by platelet aggregation and granule release. These approaches led to the identification of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) as a functional downstream molecule of MACC1, affecting communication with platelets. This was confirmed by an shRNA-mediated IGFBP2 knockdown, while maintaining MACC1 activity. Although IGFBP2 displayed an attenuated platelet activation potential, obviously by scavenging IGF-I as a platelet costimulatory mediator, the MACC1/IGFBP2 axis did not affect the thrombin formation potential of the cells. Furthermore, the IGFBP2/MACC1-driven cell migration and invasiveness was further accelerated by platelets. The key role of IGFBP2 for the metastatic spread in vivo was confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. Data provide evidence for IGFBP2 as a downstream functional component of MACC1-driven metastasis, linking these two accepted oncogenic biomarkers for the first time in a platelet context.
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12
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Kobelt D, Perez-Hernandez D, Fleuter C, Dahlmann M, Zincke F, Smith J, Migotti R, Popp O, Burock S, Walther W, Dittmar G, Mertins P, Stein U. The newly identified MEK1 tyrosine phosphorylation target MACC1 is druggable by approved MEK1 inhibitors to restrict colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:5286-5301. [PMID: 34247190 PMCID: PMC8390371 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis causes >90% of cancer deaths and remains a major treatment challenge. Here we deciphered the impact of tyrosine phosphorylation of MACC1, a causative driver for cancer metastasis, for cancer cell signaling and novel interventions to restrict cancer metastasis. We identified MACC1 as new MEK1 substrate. MEK1 directly phosphorylates MACC1, leading to accelerated and increased ERK1 activation. Mutating in silico predicted hierarchical MACC1 tyrosine phosphorylation sites abrogates MACC1-induced migration, invasion, and MET expression, a transcriptional MACC1 target. Targeting MEK1 by RNAi or clinically applicable MEK1 inhibitors AZD6244 and GSK1120212 reduces MACC1 tyrosine phosphorylation and restricts MACC1-induced metastasis formation in mice. Although MEK1 levels, contrary to MACC1, are not of prognostic relevance for CRC patients, MEK1 expression was found indispensable for MACC1-induced metastasis. This study identifies MACC1 as new MEK1 substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation decisively impacting cell motility, tumor growth, and metastasis. Thus, MAP kinase signaling is not linear leading to ERK activation, but branches at the level of MEK1. This fundamental finding opens new therapeutic options for targeting the MEK1/MACC1 axis as novel vulnerability in patients at high risk for metastasis. This might be extended from CRC to further solid tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez-Hernandez
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Proteome and Genome Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Fleuter
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Zincke
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janice Smith
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebekka Migotti
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susen Burock
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Proteome and Genome Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Patient-Derived Xenografts from Solid Tumors (PDX) for Models of Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33742393 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1350-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
In cancer research, availability of clinically relevant tumor models is still essential for drug testing, proof of concept studies, and also molecular analyses. To achieve this, models are of advantage, which more closely reflect heterogeneity of tumors. In this regard, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more closely recapitulate the native tumor biology, tissue composition, and molecular characteristics. Since metastasis is still the major challenge of tumor therapy, models are pivotal, which resemble this particular property. In this context, PDX model-derived metastasis is of particular interest for testing antimetastatic therapies for their efficacy to better target this systemic disease. This protocol describes the establishment of PDX models from tumor specimen and their applicability for PDX-derived metastasis at metastatic sites such as liver and lung, which are also clinically relevant for the systemic spread of cancer. Analysis of metastasis and methods for quantification of metastatic spread are provided.
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14
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Shimizu H, Kuze Y, Higuchi T, Matsumoto SI, Yamamoto S, Goto A, Moriya Y, Hirabayashi H. Development of a bioanalytical method for circulating human T cells in animals using Arthrobacter luteus-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction and its application in preclinical biodistribution studies. Regen Ther 2020; 15:251-257. [PMID: 33426226 PMCID: PMC7770409 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the development of cell therapy products for human use, studies on the biodistribution of transplanted cells in animals are important for assessing the safety and efficacy of these products. Although a few reports have described the biodistribution of human cells in animals using Arthrobacter luteus-based-polymerase chain reaction (Alu-PCR), most have used genomic DNA or synthetic oligonucleotide as calibrators, as opposed to actual cells. In addition, bioanalytical variability in the quantification of cells with respect to specificity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, has not been evaluated. Accordingly, in this study, we validated the utility of this bioanalytical method for human T cells in mice to establish assay performance using cells as a calibrator. METHODS A standard curve was constructed for the addition of cell lysates to mouse tissues and blood, and DNA was extracted. Alu-PCR was applied for the quantification of human peripheral blood CD8+ T cells in mice. To determine assay performance, we evaluated accuracy, precision, selectivity, specificity, and stability. In vivo cell kinetics and biodistribution were investigated based on intravenous administration of human T cells to mice. RESULTS Alu-PCR enabled us to specifically detect human T cells in mouse blood and tissues. The lower detection limit of Alu-PCR was 10 cells/15 mg tissue (7.5 mg for spleen and lung) or cells/50 μL blood. Given that PCR threshold cycle (Cq) values among mouse samples (blood, liver spleen, lung, heart, and kidney) show slight variation, calibration curves should be generated using the same tissue as used for the assay. Most coefficients of variation in the assay were within 30%. The cell kinetics of administered human T cells in mice were successfully evaluated using the established Alu-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The Alu-PCR technique developed in this study showed sufficient specificity and sensitivity in detecting human peripheral blood CD8+ T cells in mice. This technique, which targets the primate-specific Alu gene, is applicable for quantifying transplanted human cells in animals without the necessity of cell labeling. The data presented herein will be useful for standardizing bioanalytical approaches in biodistribution studies of cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Shimizu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Kuze
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higuchi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Matsumoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Goto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuu Moriya
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Nanoparticle-delivered miriplatin ultrasmall dots suppress triple negative breast cancer lung metastasis by targeting circulating tumor cells. J Control Release 2020; 329:833-846. [PMID: 33045314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
No effective therapy is yet available to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has poor prognosis due to frequent metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or CSC-like cells play crucial roles in cancer metastasis and are exceptionally tolerant with genetic lesions. The extent of DNA damages has an important impact on the fate of CSCs. Despite the importance of platinum [Pt(II)] agents in cancer therapy, accumulating reports showed the treatment failure of conventional Pt(II) drugs, which is likely due to their inadequate DNA damage effects. Miriplatin is a clinically approved drug only being locally-used for treating liver cancer. In this study, we developed a novel ultrasmall Pt(II) dot (uPtD) from miriplatin and encapsulated it into our recently-reported integrin α5(ITGA5) active targeting nanoparticles (uPtDs NPs) and tested their therapeutic efficacy against TNBC metastasis. It was found that uPtDs NPs displayed a superior DNA damage capability via enhanced-interactions with DNA and a significantly stronger effect in reducing CSC-like property of TNBC cells, compared to conventional cisplatin and miriplatin. Mechanistically, the severe DNA damages induced by uPtDs NPs activated the CHK1/2-CDC25A-cyclin A/E pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. Moreover, uPtDs NPs could target the in vivo circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to suppress TNBC lung metastasis. Given the desired-safety profile of miriplatin, the uPtDs represent a promising therapeutic agent of the metal-based nanomedicines to reduce cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: The miriplatin ultrasmall dots developed from clinically-prescribed miriplatin may serve as a potent systemically-administered agent to target CTCs and reduce cancer metastasis.
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16
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Yamamoto S, Ding N, Matsumoto SI, Hirabayashi H. Highly specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction probe for the quantification of human cells in cynomolgus monkeys. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100359. [PMID: 33348238 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of human cells may be performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In preclinical studies, the human Alu sequence is widely used as biomarker for human DNA. However, because the Alu gene is shared by primates, its use is limited to non-primate studies. The biodistribution of human cells in primates is also necessary for translational studies. Therefore, we aimed to design a novel, human-specific primer/probe that enables the quantification of human cells in primates and other animal models. A novel primer/probe set was successfully designed based on highly repetitive LINE1 sequences. qPCR efficiency (94.95-99.21%) and linearity of calibration curves (r2 = 0.996-0.999) were confirmed in tissue homogenates of cynomolgus monkey. The lower limit of detection was 10 cells per 15-mg tissue sample, a sensitivity that is equivalent to existing Alu primers/probes. The set was also effective in other animal models such as mice, rabbits, pigs, and common marmosets. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the successful design of a human-specific qPCR primer/probe for human cell quantification in various animals, including non-human primates, using LINE1 sequence. The excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and versatility of the LINE1 primers/probes make it a promising quantification tool in preclinical biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ning Ding
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Matsumoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hideki Hirabayashi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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17
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18
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Bittorf P, Bergmann T, Merlin S, Olgasi C, Pullig O, Sanzenbacher R, Zierau M, Walles H, Follenzi A, Braspenning J. Regulatory-Compliant Validation of a Highly Sensitive qPCR for Biodistribution Assessment of Hemophilia A Patient Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:176-188. [PMID: 32637449 PMCID: PMC7327859 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the biodistribution profile of a cell-based medicinal product is a pivotal prerequisite to allow a factual benefit-risk assessment within the non-clinical to clinical translation in product development. Here, a qPCR-based method to determine the amount of human DNA in mouse DNA was validated according to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Furthermore, a preclinical worst-case scenario study was performed in which this method was applied to investigate the biodistribution of 2 × 106 intravenously administered, genetically modified, blood outgrowth endothelial cells from hemophilia A patients after 24 h and 7 days. The validation of the qPCR method demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and linearity for the concentration interval of 1:1 × 103 to 1:1 × 106 human to mouse DNA. The application of this method in the biodistribution study resulted in the detection of human genomes in four out of the eight investigated organs after 24 h. After 7 days, no human DNA was detected in the eight organs analyzed. This biodistribution study provides mandatory data on the toxicokinetic safety profile of an actual candidate cell-based medicinal product. The extensive evaluation of the required validation parameters confirms the applicability of the qPCR method for non-clinical biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bittorf
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bergmann
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Merlin
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro," 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro," 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Oliver Pullig
- Fraunhofer ISC - Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Sanzenbacher
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | | | - Heike Walles
- Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro," 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Joris Braspenning
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Alt EU, Wörner PM, Pfnür A, Ochoa JE, Schächtele DJ, Barabadi Z, Lang LM, Srivastav S, Burow ME, Chandrasekar B, Izadpanah R. Targeting TRAF3IP2, Compared to Rab27, is More Effective in Suppressing the Development and Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8834. [PMID: 32483202 PMCID: PMC7264196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the roles of Rab27a, a player in exosome release, and TRAF3IP2, an inflammatory mediator, in development and metastasis of breast cancer (BC) in vivo. Knockdown (KD) of Rab27a (MDAKDRab27a) or TRAF3IP2 (MDAKDTRAF3IP2) in triple negative MDA-MB231 cells reduced tumor growth by 70-97% compared to wild-type tumors (MDAw). While metastasis was detected in MDAw-injected animals, none was detected in MDAKDRab27a- or MDAKDTRAF3IP2-injected animals. Interestingly, micrometastasis was detected only in the MDAKDRab27a-injected group. In addition to inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, silencing TRAF3IP2 disrupted inter-cellular inflammatory mediator-mediated communication with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected into contralateral mammary gland, evidenced by the lack of tumor growth at MSC-injected site. Of translational significance, treatment of pre-formed MDAw-tumors with a lentiviral-TRAF3IP2-shRNA not only regressed their size, but also prevented metastasis. These results demonstrate that while silencing Rab27a and TRAF3IP2 each inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, silencing TRAF3IP2 is more effective; targeting TRAF3IP2 inhibited tumor formation, regressed preformed tumors, and prevented both macro- and micrometastasis. Silencing TRAF3IP2 also blocked interaction between tumor cells and MSCs injected into the contralateral gland, as evidenced by the lack of tumor formation on MSCs injected site. These results identify TRAF3IP2 as a novel therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Philipp M Wörner
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andreas Pfnür
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joana E Ochoa
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Deborah J Schächtele
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zahra Barabadi
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lea M Lang
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine and Harry S. Truman Veterans Memorial Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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Wu XX, Yue GGL, Dong JR, Lam CWK, Wong CK, Qiu MH, Lau CBS. Actein Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis in HER2-Positive Breast Tumor Bearing Mice via Suppressing AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:854. [PMID: 32547952 PMCID: PMC7269144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for 15–20% in breast cancer and 50% of the metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer patients died of central nervous system progression. The present study investigated the effects of actein (a natural cycloartane triterpene) on cells adhesion, migration, proliferation and matrix degradation, and its underlying mechanism in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The in vivo effect of actein on tumor growth and metastasis in MDA-MB-361 tumor-bearing mice as well as the anti-brain metastasis in tail vein injection mice model were also investigated. Our results showed that actein inhibited HER2-positive breast cancer cells viability, proliferation and migration. Actein also induced MDA-MB-361 cells G1 phase arrest and inhibited the expressions of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. For intracellular mechanisms, actein inhibited the expressions of molecules in AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, actein (15 mg/kg) was shown to exhibit anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities in MDA-MB-361 breast tumor-bearing mice, and reduced brain metastasis in tail vein injection mice model. All these findings strongly suggested that actein is a potential anti-metastatic agent for HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Wu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Aujean E, Laubier J, Brun N, Finot L, Chanat E, Dessauge F, Hue-Beauvais C, Provost FL. Genomic DNA PCR analysis to assess xenograft development in mouse mammary gland. Biotechniques 2020; 68:219-222. [PMID: 31990209 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse transplantation model remains the most relevant methodology to assess the functional capacities of mammary cells and is particularly appropriate for investigations regarding mammary stem cells, whatever the species studied. Following xenotransplantation in mice mammary fat pad, the development of the xenograft is commonly evaluated by immunohistology. Here, we present a simple and rapid method to control the species specificity of a xenograft based on genomic DNA PCR amplification. DNA is extracted from the fixed samples intended for histology, thus allowing the reuse of precious samples. Standard and digital droplet PCR (requiring low DNA quantities) methods have been used to make the present method suitable for the analysis of xenotransplanted samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Aujean
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johann Laubier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Brun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurence Finot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Saint-Gilles 35590, France
| | - Eric Chanat
- PEGASE, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Saint-Gilles 35590, France
| | | | - Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Le Provost
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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22
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Li M, Yue GGL, Luo L, Tsui SKW, Fung KP, Ng SSM, Lau CBS. Turmeric Is Therapeutic in Vivo on Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Xenografts: Inhibition of Growth, Metastasis, and Tumor Recurrence. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574827. [PMID: 33552955 PMCID: PMC7856407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Clinically, chemotherapeutic agents such as FOLFOX are the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment. However, the side effects including toxicity of FOLFOX stimulated the enthusiasm for developing adjuvants, which exhibit better safety profile. Turmeric extract (TE), which has been previously shown to suppress the growth of human and murine colon xenografts, was further demonstrated here for its inhibitory effects on colon cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). PDX models were successfully established from tissues of colon cancer patients and the PDX preserved the heterogeneous architecture through passages. NOD/SCID mice bearing PDX were treated either with TE or FOLFOX and differential responses toward these treatments were observed. The growth of PDX, metastasis and tumor recurrence in PDX-bearing mice were suppressed after TE treatments with 60% anti-tumor response rate and 83.3% anti-metastasis rate. Mechanistic studies showed that TE reduced tumor cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited metastasis via modulating multiple targets, such as molecules involved in Wnt and Src pathways, EMT and EGFR-related pathways. Nevertheless, FOLFOX treatments inhibited the PDX growth with sharp decreases of mice body weight and only mild anti-metastasis activities were observed. Furthermore, in order to have a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential targets and mechanism. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time that oral TE treatment was effective to suppress the growth of colon PDX and the recurrence of colon tumors in mice. The findings obtained from this clinically relevant PDX model would certainly provide valuable information for the potential clinical use of TE in colorectal cancer patients. The application of PDX model was well illustrated here as a good platform to verify the efficacy of multi-targeted herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Clara Bik-San Lau,
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23
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Hamyeh M, Bernex F, Larive RM, Naldi A, Urbach S, Simony-Lafontaine J, Puech C, Bakhache W, Solassol J, Coopman PJ, Hendriks WJ, Freiss G. PTPN13 induces cell junction stabilization and inhibits mammary tumor invasiveness. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1016-1032. [PMID: 31938048 PMCID: PMC6956795 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN13 exerts an anti-oncogenic effect. Its exact role in tumorigenesis remains, however, unclear due to its negative impact on FAS receptor-induced apoptosis. Methods: We crossed transgenic mice deleted for PTPN13 phosphatase activity with mice that overexpress human HER2 to assess the exact role of PTPN13 in tumor development and aggressiveness. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the PTPN13 tumor suppressor activity we developed isogenic clones of the aggressive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 overexpressing either wild type or a catalytically-inactive mutant PTPN13 and subjected these to phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses. We investigated the PTPN13 consequences on cell aggressiveness using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, on intercellular adhesion using videomicroscopy, cell aggregation assay and immunofluorescence. Results: The development, growth and invasiveness of breast tumors were strongly increased by deletion of the PTPN13 phosphatase activity in transgenic mice. We observed that PTPN13 phosphatase activity is required to inhibit cell motility and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cell line overexpressing PTPN13. In vivo, the negative PTPN13 effect on tumor invasiveness was associated with a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition phenotype in athymic mice xenografted with PTPN13-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as in HER2-overexpressing mice with wild type PTPN13, compared to HER2-overexpressing mice that lack PTPN13 phosphatase activity. Phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses indicated a role of PTPN13 in the regulation of intercellular junction-related proteins. Finally, protein localization studies in MDA-MB-231 cells and HER2-overexpressing mice tumors confirmed that PTPN13 stabilizes intercellular adhesion and promotes desmosome formation. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence for the negative role of PTPN13 in breast tumor invasiveness and highlight its involvement in cell junction stabilization.
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24
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Vega FM, Colmenero-Repiso A, Gómez-Muñoz MA, Rodríguez-Prieto I, Aguilar-Morante D, Ramírez G, Márquez C, Cabello R, Pardal R. CD44-high neural crest stem-like cells are associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor survival in neuroblastoma tumours. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:82-95. [PMID: 31685444 PMCID: PMC6945283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a paediatric tumour originated from sympathoadrenal precursors and characterized by its heterogeneity and poor outcome in advanced stages. Intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has emerged as an important feature in neuroblastoma, with a potential major impact on tumour aggressiveness and response to therapy. CD44 is an adhesion protein involved in tumour progression, metastasis and stemness in different cancers; however, there has been controversies about the significance of CD44 expression in neuroblastoma and its relationship with tumour progression. Methods We have performed transcriptomic analysis on patient tumour samples studying the outcome of patients with high CD44 expression. Adhesion, invasion and proliferation assays were performed in sorted CD44high neuroblastoma cells. Tumoursphere cultures have been used to enrich in undifferentiated stem-like cells and to asses self-renewal and differentiation potential. We have finally performed in vivo tumorigenic assays on cell line-derived or Patient-derived xenografts. Findings We show that high CD44 expression is associated with low survival in high-grade human neuroblastoma, independently of MYCN amplification. CD44 is expressed in a cell population with neural crest stem-like features, and with the capacity to generate multipotent, undifferentiated tumourspheres in culture. These cells are more invasive and proliferative in vitro. CD44 positive cells obtained from tumours are more tumorigenic and metastatic, giving rise to aggressive neuroblastic tumours at high frequency upon transplantation. Interpretation We describe an unexpected intra-tumoural heterogeneity within cellular entities expressing CD44 in neuroblastoma, and propose that CD44 has a role in neural crest stem-like undifferentiated cells, which can contribute to tumorigenesis and malignancy in this type of cancer. Funding Research supported by grants from the “Asociación Española contra el Cáncer” (AECC), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF program (SAF2016-80412-P), and the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant to RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Vega
- Dpto. de Biología Celular, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Colmenero-Repiso
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María A Gómez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ismael Rodríguez-Prieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Ramírez
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Spain
| | - Catalina Márquez
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Spain
| | - Rosa Cabello
- Unidad de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla 41013 Seville, Spain.
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25
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Transcripts of cytokeratins as predictors of breast cancer. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Hashmi AA, Naz S, Hashmi SK, Hussain ZF, Irfan M, Bakar SMA, Faridi N, Khan A, Edhi MM. Cytokeratin 5/6 and cytokeratin 8/18 expression in triple negative breast cancers: clinicopathologic significance in South-Asian population. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:372. [PMID: 29884220 PMCID: PMC5994131 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokeratin 5/6 and Cytokeratin 8/18 are basal and luminal markers of breast cancer and they have pathological and prognostic significance in breast cancer. We performed Cytokeratin 5/6 and CK8/18 immunohistochemistry on 150 cases of triple negative breast cancers and association with various clinicopathological features was evaluated. RESULTS Positive CK5/6 expression was noted in 8% (12 cases) of TNBC while 2.4% (4 cases) showed focal positive (< 10%) and 89.3% (134) were negative with CK5/6. Complete loss of CK8/18 expression was seen in 4.7% (7 cases) while 32.7% (49 cases) revealed focal loss of CK8/18 and 62.7% (94 cases) showed intact normal expression of CK8/18. No significant association of CK5/6 and CK8/18 with various clinicopathological parameters was observed. We found a low expression of basal cytokeratin (CK5/6) in TNBC our studied population, while loss/altered expression of CK8/18 in approximately 38% of TNBC. Although no prognostic relevance of these finding was noted in our study, however these findings are different from those reported in literature in other parts of the world. Therefore we suggest a more through immunohistochemical and genomic profiling of TNBC in our population for better understanding of this disease in this part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali Hashmi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Naz
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Naveen Faridi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Khan
- Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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27
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Normalization of cell associated antiretroviral drug concentrations with a novel RPP30 droplet digital PCR assay. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3626. [PMID: 29483619 PMCID: PMC5827666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of antiretroviral (ARV) drug concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tissue isolated mononuclear cells (TIMCs) from lymph node (LNMC) and rectum (RMC) is an important measure of bio-distribution. Normalization of drug concentrations is critical to represent tissue drug concentrations and to analyze both intra-individual and inter-individual variability in drug distribution. However, a molecular method to normalize intracellular drug concentrations in PBMCs and TIMCs methanol extracts is currently unavailable. In this study, a novel droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was designed to amplify RPP30 gene sequence conserved in human and non-human primates (NHP). Genomic DNA (gDNA) isolated from 70 percent methanol embedded PBMCs and TIMCs was used as ddPCR template to quantitate precise RPP30 copies to derive cell counts. The novel molecular method quantitated RPP30 copies in human and rhesus macaque gDNA templates with greater accuracy and precision than qPCR. RPP30 ddPCR derived cell counts are strongly correlated with automated cytometer based cell counts in PBMC (R = 0.90, p = 0.001 and n = 20); LNMC (R = 0.85 p = 0.0001 and n = 22) and RMC (R = 0.92, p = 0.0001 and n = 20) and achieved comparable normalized drug concentrations. Therefore, the RPP30 ddPCR assay is an important normalization method in drug bio-distribution and pharmacokinetic studies in humans and NHPs.
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28
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Avci ME, Keskus AG, Targen S, Isilak ME, Ozturk M, Atalay RC, Adams MM, Konu O. Development of a novel zebrafish xenograft model in ache mutants using liver cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1570. [PMID: 29371671 PMCID: PMC5785479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for degradation of acetylcholine, has been identified as a prognostic marker in liver cancer. Although in vivo Ache tumorigenicity assays in mouse are present, no established liver cancer xenograft model in zebrafish using an ache mutant background exists. Herein, we developed an embryonic zebrafish xenograft model using epithelial (Hep3B) and mesenchymal (SKHep1) liver cancer cell lines in wild-type and ache sb55 sibling mutant larvae after characterization of cholinesterase expression and activity in cell lines and zebrafish larvae. The comparison of fluorescent signal reflecting tumor size at 3-days post-injection (dpi) revealed an enhanced tumorigenic potential and a reduced migration capacity in cancer cells injected into homozygous ache sb55 mutants when compared with the wild-type. Increased tumor load was confirmed using an ALU based tumor DNA quantification method modified for use in genotyped xenotransplanted zebrafish embryos. Confocal microscopy using the Huh7 cells stably expressing GFP helped identify the distribution of tumor cells in larvae. Our results imply that acetylcholine accumulation in the microenvironment directly or indirectly supports tumor growth in liver cancer. Use of this model system for drug screening studies holds potential in discovering new cholinergic targets for treatment of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ender Avci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seniye Targen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Efe Isilak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin Atalay
- Medical Informatics Department, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Carpenet H, Cuvillier A, Perraud A, Martin O, Champier G, Jauberteau MO, Monteil J, Quelven I. Radiolabelled polymeric IgA: from biodistribution to a new molecular imaging tool in colorectal cancer lung metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85185-85202. [PMID: 29156712 PMCID: PMC5689602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By radiolabelling monomeric (m) and polymeric (p) IgA with technetium 99m (99mTc), this study assessed IgA biodistribution and tumour-targeting potency. IgA directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a colorectal cancer marker, was selected to involve IgA mucosal tropism. Ig was radiolabelled with 99mTc-tricarbonyl after derivatisation by 2-iminothiolane. 99mTc-IgA was evaluated by in vitro analysis. The biodistributions of radiolabelled anti-CEA mIgA, pIgA and IgG were compared in normal mice. Anti-CEA pIgA tumour uptake was studied in mice bearing the WiDr caecal orthotopic graft. IgA radiolabelling was obtained with a high yield, was stable in PBS and murine plasma, and did not alter IgA binding functionality (Kd ≈ 25 nM). Biodistribution studies in normal mice confirmed that radiolabelled pIgA - and to a lesser extent, mIgA - showed strong and fast mucosal tropism and a shorter serum half-life than IgG. In caecal tumour model mice, evaluation of the anti-CEA-pIgA biodistribution showed a high uptake in lung metastases, confirmed by histological analysis. However, no radioactivity uptake increase in the tumoural caecum was discerned from normal intestinal tissue, probably due to high IgA caecal natural tropism. In microSPECT/CT imaging, 99mTc-IgA confirmed its diagnostic potency of tumour in mucosal tissue, even if detection threshold by in vivo imaging was higher than post mortem studies. Contribution of the FcαRI receptor, studied with transgenic mouse model (Tsg SCID-CD89), did not appear to be determinant in 99mTc-IgA uptake. Pre-clinical experiments highlighted significant differences between 99mTc-IgA and 99mTc-IgG biodistributions. Furthermore, tumoural model studies suggested potential targeting potency of pIgA in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Carpenet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Dupuytren University Hospital, 87042 Limoges, France
- EA 3842 – Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
| | | | - Aurélie Perraud
- EA 3842 – Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Ophélie Martin
- UMR CNRS 7276 – CRIBL, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
| | | | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA 3842 – Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Jacques Monteil
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Dupuytren University Hospital, 87042 Limoges, France
- EA 3842 – Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
- UMR CNRS 7276 – CRIBL, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Quelven
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Dupuytren University Hospital, 87042 Limoges, France
- EA 3842 – Cellular Homeostasis and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
- UMR CNRS 7276 – CRIBL, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
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30
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Juneja M, Kobelt D, Walther W, Voss C, Smith J, Specker E, Neuenschwander M, Gohlke BO, Dahlmann M, Radetzki S, Preissner R, von Kries JP, Schlag PM, Stein U. Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000784. [PMID: 28570591 PMCID: PMC5453412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MACC1 (Metastasis Associated in Colon Cancer 1) is a key driver and prognostic biomarker for cancer progression and metastasis in a large variety of solid tumor types, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no MACC1 inhibitors have been identified yet. Therefore, we aimed to target MACC1 expression using a luciferase reporter-based high-throughput screening with the ChemBioNet library of more than 30,000 compounds. The small molecules lovastatin and rottlerin emerged as the most potent MACC1 transcriptional inhibitors. They remarkably inhibited MACC1 promoter activity and expression, resulting in reduced cell motility. Lovastatin impaired the binding of the transcription factors c-Jun and Sp1 to the MACC1 promoter, thereby inhibiting MACC1 transcription. Most importantly, in CRC-xenografted mice, lovastatin and rottlerin restricted MACC1 expression and liver metastasis. This is-to the best of our knowledge-the first identification of inhibitors restricting cancer progression and metastasis via the novel target MACC1. This drug repositioning might be of therapeutic value for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Juneja
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Voss
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janice Smith
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edgar Specker
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Physiology & Experimental Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Physiology & Experimental Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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31
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Kasuya K, Nagakawa Y, Hosokawa Y, Sahara Y, Takishita C, Nakajima T, Hijikata Y, Soya R, Katsumata K, Tsuchida A. Liver metastasis is established by metastasis of micro cell aggregates but not single cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:221-227. [PMID: 28672918 PMCID: PMC5488600 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell engraftment in the target organ is necessary to establish metastasis. Clinically, lymph node metastasis of single cells has been confirmed using cytokeratin staining. In the current study, a LacZ-labeled cancer cell line was used to visualize intrahepatic metastasis of single cells or liver micrometastasis. KM12SM-lacZ stably expressing LacZ was prepared with a highly metastatic colon cancer cell line, KM12SM. KM12SM-lacZ was injected into the spleen of nude mice and following 1 week the spleen was excised. The liver was then examined for metastasis following 1, 2 or 3 weeks. Confirmation of liver metastasis was completed by observing the grade of metastasis. Grade-1 metastasis (DNA level), human DNA in liver tissue was detected; Grade-2 metastasis (metastasis of single cells), confirmed by X-gal staining; Grade-3 metastasis (histopathological micrometastasis), diagnosed by light microscopy and Grade-4 metastasis (typical metastasis), easily detected macroscopically or by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The Grade-1 metastasis detection rates 1, 2 and 3 weeks following splenectomy were 50, 100 and 100%, respectively. Grade-2 metastasis was not detected by microscopy. The Grade-3 metastasis detection rates for 1, 2 and 3 weeks were 75, 100 and 100%, respectively. Micrometastasis was observed in the portal vein lumen and wall. The Grade-4 metastasis detection rates were 50, 100 and 100% for 1, 2 and 3 weeks respectively. Cancer cells were present in vessels surrounding the main tumor. In conclusion, a specific number of cancer cell aggregates may be necessary to establish hematogenous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Kasuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nagakawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hosokawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yatsuka Sahara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Chie Takishita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hijikata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryoko Soya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kenji Katsumata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Klinghammer K, Walther W, Hoffmann J. Choosing wisely - Preclinical test models in the era of precision medicine. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 55:36-45. [PMID: 28314175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Through the introduction of a steadily growing variety of preclinical test models drug development and biomarker research has advanced. Next to classical used 2D cell line cultures, tissue-slice cultures, 3D organoid cell cultures, genetically engineered mouse models, cell line derived mouse models and patient derived xenografts may be selected for a specific question. All models harbor advantages and disadvantages. This review focuses on the available preclinical test models, novel developments such as humanized mice and discusses for which question a particular model should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Creane M, Howard L, O'Brien T, Coleman CM. Biodistribution and retention of locally administered human mesenchymal stromal cells: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based detection of human DNA in murine organs. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:384-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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You D, Jang MJ, Kim BH, Choi KR, Lee C, Song G, Shin HC, Jeong IG, Suh N, Kim YM, Ahn TY, Kim CS. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury: Preclinical study for approval. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:870-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Experimental oncology research and preclinical drug development both substantially require specific, clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo tumor models. The increasing knowledge about the heterogeneity of cancer requested a substantial restructuring of the test systems for the different stages of development. To be able to cope with the complexity of the disease, larger panels of patient-derived tumor models have to be implemented and extensively characterized. Together with individual genetically engineered tumor models and supported by core functions for expression profiling and data analysis, an integrated discovery process has been generated for predictive and personalized drug development.Improved “humanized” mouse models should help to overcome current limitations given by xenogeneic barrier between humans and mice. Establishment of a functional human immune system and a corresponding human microenvironment in laboratory animals will strongly support further research.Drug discovery, systems biology, and translational research are moving closer together to address all the new hallmarks of cancer, increase the success rate of drug development, and increase the predictive value of preclinical models.
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Abellaneda JM, Martínez-Alarcón L, Quereda JJ, Herrero-Medrano JM, Mendonça L, Mrowiec A, García-Nicolás O, Pallarés FJ, Ríos A, Muñoz A, Ramírez P, Ramis G. Validation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for human Alu gene detection in microchimeric pigs used as donors for xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:132-5. [PMID: 25645791 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work was undertaken to evaluate whether a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is as an adequate method for detection and quantification of human-specific DNA elements (Alu gene) in tissues and blood samples of pigs in which human stem cells were engrafted. Real-time qPCR quantification was performed with the use of previously described primers. The human DNA was mixed with different quantities of porcine DNA. The primer concentration and specificity, the qPCR efficiency, the quantification variations due to different porcine DNA concentrations, and the dissociation curve produced by the assay were evaluated. The qPCR proved to be specific, robust, with a reproducible and specific bimodal melting curve. High porcine DNA concentration produced subquantification, especially with low human DNA quantity. However, the assay proved to be useful for the detection of chimeric piglets produced by human cells injected in utero, because the effect caused by the porcine DNA interference was corrected in quantification of human DNA from piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Abellaneda
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Martínez-Alarcón
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Quereda
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Herrero-Medrano
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - L Mendonça
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Escola de Veterinaria, Universidad de Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - A Mrowiec
- Departamento de Inmunología. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - O García-Nicolás
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Pallarés
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Ríos
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - P Ramírez
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Ramis
- Grupo de Investigación Cría y Salud Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Allard J, Li K, Lopez XM, Blanchard S, Barbot P, Rorive S, Decaestecker C, Pochet R, Bohl D, Lepore AC, Salmon I, Nicaise C. Immunohistochemical toolkit for tracking and quantifying xenotransplanted human stem cells. Regen Med 2015; 9:437-52. [PMID: 25159062 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Biomarker-based tracking of human stem cells xenotransplanted into animal models is crucial for studying their fate in the field of cell therapy or tumor xenografting. MATERIALS & METHODS Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression of three human-specific biomarkers: Ku80, human mitochondria (hMito) and Alu. RESULTS We showed that Ku80, hMito and Alu biomarkers are broadly expressed in human tissues with no or low cross-reactivity toward rat, mouse or pig tissues. In vitro, we demonstrated that their expression is stable over time and does not change along the differentiation of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells or human glial-restricted precursors. We tracked in vivo these cell populations after transplantation in rodent spinal cords using aforementioned biomarkers and human-specific antibodies detecting apoptotic, proliferating or neural-committed cells. CONCLUSION This study assesses the human-species specificity of Ku80, hMito and Alu, and proposes useful biomarkers for characterizing human stem cells in xenotransplantation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Allard
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Prigent J, Herrero A, Ambroise J, Smets F, Deblandre GA, Sokal EM. Human Progenitor Cell Quantification after Xenotransplantation in Rat and Mouse Models by a Sensitive qPCR Assay. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1639-52. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of human cells in animal models is an essential tool for evaluation of safety and efficacy of cell-based products for therapeutic use. Sensitive and reproducible methods are needed to detect and quantify human cells engrafted into the host tissue either in the targeted organ or in undesired locations. We developed a robust quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on amplification of human AluYb8 repeats, to assess the number of human cells present in rat or mouse tissues after transplantation. Standard curves of mixed human/rodent DNA and mixed human/rodent cells have been performed to determine the limit of detection and linear range of the assay. Standard curves from DNA mixing differed significantly from standard curves from cell mixing. We show here that the AluYb8 qPCR assay is highly reproducible and is able to quantify human cells in a rodent cell matrix over a large linear range that extends from 50% to 0.01% human cells. Short-term in vivo studies showed that human cells could be quantified in mouse liver up to 7 days after intrasplenic transplantation and in rat liver 4 h after intrahepatic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Prigent
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Herrero
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Center for Applied Molecular Technologies (CTMA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Smets
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gisèle A. Deblandre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Paediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium
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Gumucio JP, Flood MD, Roche SM, Sugg KB, Momoh AO, Kosnik PE, Bedi A, Mendias CL. Stromal vascular stem cell treatment decreases muscle fibrosis following chronic rotator cuff tear. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015. [PMID: 26224616 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff injuries are associated with atrophy and fat infiltration into the muscle, commonly referred to as "fatty degeneration." As the poor function of chronically torn muscles may limit recovery after surgical repair, there is considerable interest in finding therapies to enhance muscle regeneration. Stromal vascular fraction stem cells (SVFCs) can improve muscle regeneration in other chronic injury states, and our objective was to evaluate the ability of SVFCs to reduce fibrosis and fat accumulation, and enhance muscle fibre specific force production after chronic rotator cuff tear. METHODS Chronic supraspinatus tears were induced in adult immunodeficient rats, and repaired one month following tear. Rats received vehicle control, or injections of 3 × 10(5) or 3 × 10(6) human SVFCs into supraspinatus muscles. RESULTS Two weeks following repair, we detected donor human DNA and protein in SVFC treated muscles. There was a 40 % reduction in fibrosis in the treated groups compared to controls (p = 0.03 for 3 × 10(5), p = 0.04 for 3 × 10(6)), and no differences between groups for lipid content or force production were observed. CONCLUSIONS As there has been much interest in the use of stem cell-based therapies in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine, the reduction in fibrosis and trend towards an improvement in single fiber contractility suggest that SVFCs may be beneficial to enhance the treatment and recovery of patients with chronic rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Gumucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Flood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Stuart M Roche
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Kristoffer B Sugg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adeyiza O Momoh
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 2017, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. .,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Gonzalez R, Garitaonandia I, Crain A, Poustovoitov M, Abramihina T, Noskov A, Jiang C, Morey R, Laurent LC, Elsworth JD, Snyder EY, Redmond DE, Semechkin R. Proof of Concept Studies Exploring the Safety and Functional Activity of Human Parthenogenetic-Derived Neural Stem Cells for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:681-90. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based therapies hold great promise in Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have shown that grafted fetal neural tissue can achieve considerable biochemical and clinical improvements in PD. However, the source of fetal tissue grafts is limited and ethically controversial. Human parthenogenetic stem cells offer a good alternative because they are derived from unfertilized oocytes without destroying viable human embryos and can be used to generate an unlimited supply of neural stem cells for transplantation. Here we evaluate for the first time the safety and engraftment of human parthenogenetic stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hpNSCs) in two animal models: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rodents and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated nonhuman primates (NHPs). In both rodents and nonhuman primates, we observed successful engraftment and higher dopamine levels in hpNSC-transplanted animals compared to vehicle control animals, without any adverse events. These results indicate that hpNSCs are safe, well tolerated, and could potentially be a source for cell-based therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Crain
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Morey
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John D. Elsworth
- Axion Research Foundation, Hamden, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D. Eugene Redmond
- Axion Research Foundation, Hamden, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Microscopic lymph node tumor burden quantified by macroscopic dual-tracer molecular imaging. Nat Med 2014; 20:1348-53. [PMID: 25344739 PMCID: PMC4224611 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node biopsy (LNB) is employed in many cancer surgeries to identify metastatic disease and stage the cancer, yet morbidity and diagnostic delays associated with LNB could be avoided if non-invasive imaging of nodal involvement was reliable. Molecular imaging has potential in this regard; however, variable delivery and nonspecific uptake of imaging tracers has made conventional approaches ineffective clinically. A method of correcting for non-specific uptake with injection of a second untargeted tracer is presented, allowing tumor burden in lymph nodes to be quantified. The approach was confirmed in an athymic mouse model of metastatic human breast cancer targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, a cell surface receptor overexpressed by many cancers. A significant correlation was observed between in vivo (dual-tracer) and ex vivo measures of tumor burden (r = 0.97, p < 0.01), with an ultimate sensitivity of approximately 200 cells (potentially more sensitive than conventional LNB).
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Lenze U, Pohlig F, Seitz S, Ern C, Milz S, Docheva D, Schieker M. Influence of osteogenic stimulation and VEGF treatment on in vivo bone formation in hMSC-seeded cancellous bone scaffolds. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:350. [PMID: 25323565 PMCID: PMC4216837 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering approaches for reconstruction of large bone defects are still technically immature, especially in regard to sufficient blood supply. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of osteogenic stimulation and treatment with VEGF on new bone formation and neovascularization in hMSC-loaded cancellous bone scaffolds in vivo. Methods Cubic scaffolds were seeded with hMSC and either cultured in stem cell medium or osteogenic stimulation medium. One osteogenically stimulated group was additionally treated with 0.8 μg VEGF prior to subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice. After 2 and 12 weeks in vivo, constructs and selected organs were harvested for histological and molecular analysis. Results Histological analysis revealed similar vascularization of the constructs with and without VEGF treatment and absence of new bone formation in any group. Human DNA was detected in all inoculated scaffolds, but a significant decrease in cells was observed after 2 weeks with no further decrease after 12 weeks in vivo. Conclusion Under the chosen conditions, osteogenic stimulation and treatment with VEGF does not have any influence on the new bone formation and neovascularization in hMSC-seeded cancellous bone scaffolds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-350) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
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Human fetal liver cells for regulated ex vivo erythropoietin gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14003. [PMID: 26015950 PMCID: PMC4362349 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Possible risks and lack of donor livers limit application of liver transplantation. Liver cell transplantation is, at this moment, not a feasible alternative because engraftment in the liver is poor. Furthermore, there is also shortage of cells suitable for transplantation. Fetal liver cells are able to proliferate in cell culture and could therefore present an alternative source of cells for transplantation. In this study, we investigated the utility of human fetal liver cells for therapeutic protein delivery. We transplanted human fetal liver cells in immunodeficient mice but were not able to detect engraftment of human hepatocytes. In contrast, transplantation of human adult hepatocytes led to detectable engraftment of hepatocytes in murine liver. Transplantation of fetal liver cells did lead to abundant reconstitution of murine liver with human endothelium, indicating that endothelial cells are the most promising cell type for ex vivo liver cell gene therapy. Human liver endothelial cells were subsequently transduced with a lentiviral autoregulatory erythropoietin expression vector. After transplantation in immunodeficient mice, these cells mediated long-term regulation of murine hematocrits. Our study shows the potential of human liver endothelial cells for long-term regulated gene therapy.
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Rowan BG, Gimble JM, Sheng M, Anbalagan M, Jones RK, Frazier TP, Asher M, Lacayo EA, Friedlander PL, Kutner R, Chiu ES. Human adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells promote migration and early metastasis of triple negative breast cancer xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89595. [PMID: 24586900 PMCID: PMC3938488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat grafting is used to restore breast defects after surgical resection of breast tumors. Supplementing fat grafts with adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) is proposed to improve the regenerative/restorative ability of the graft and retention. However, long term safety for ASC grafting in proximity of residual breast cancer cells is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of human ASCs derived from abdominal lipoaspirates of three donors, on a human breast cancer model that exhibits early metastasis. Methodology/Principal Findings Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells represents “triple negative” breast cancer that exhibits early micrometastasis to multiple mouse organs [1]. Human ASCs were derived from abdominal adipose tissue from three healthy female donors. Indirect co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells with ASCs, as well as direct co-culture demonstrated that ASCs had no effect on MDA-MB-231 growth. Indirect co-culture, and ASC conditioned medium (CM) stimulated migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. ASC/RFP cells from two donors co-injected with MDA-MB-231/GFP cells exhibited a donor effect for stimulation of primary tumor xenografts. Both ASC donors stimulated metastasis. ASC/RFP cells were viable, and integrated with MDA-MB-231/GFP cells in the tumor. Tumors from the co-injection group of one ASC donor exhibited elevated vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), IL-8, VEGF and microvessel density. The co-injection group exhibited visible metastases to the lung/liver and enlarged spleen not evident in mice injected with MDA-MB-231/GFP alone. Quantitation of the total area of GFP fluorescence and human chromosome 17 DNA in mouse organs, H&E stained paraffin sections and fluorescent microscopy confirmed multi-focal metastases to lung/liver/spleen in the co-injection group without evidence of ASC/RFP cells. Conclusions Human ASCs derived from abdominal lipoaspirates of two donors stimulated metastasis of MDA-MB-231 breast tumor xenografts to multiple mouse organs. MDA-MB-231 tumors co-injected with ASCs from one donor exhibited partial EMT, expression of MMP-9, and increased angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Rowan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGR); (ESC)
| | - Jeffrey M. Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mei Sheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Muralidharan Anbalagan
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ryan K. Jones
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Trivia P. Frazier
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Majdouline Asher
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. Lacayo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Friedlander
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert Kutner
- Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ernest S. Chiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGR); (ESC)
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Aiad HA, Samaka RM, Asaad NY, Kandil MA, Shehata MA, Miligy IM. Relationship of CK8/18 expression pattern to breast cancer immunohistochemical subtyping in Egyptian patients. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:404. [PMID: 24605136 PMCID: PMC3931531 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunohistochemical (IHC) subtyping of breast cancer can be a useful substitute for gene expression analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of CK8/18 to the biology of breast carcinoma (BC) represented by its IHC subtypes. The IHC expression of CK8/18 was correlated with IHC subtypes of BC using ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki67 LI (with cutoff 14%). All cases showed CK 8/18 expression in tumour cells with varying degree of intensities; 49/70 cases (70%) showed diffuse cytoplasmic expression (loss of membranous pattern), while 21/70 cases (30%) showed membrano-cytoplasmic pattern. Adjacent non-neoplastic breast lobules showed membrano-cytoplasmic pattern in 58% of cases, which was significantly different from the pattern in invasive cancer (P = 0.002). A loss of membranous pattern in malignant tumours was significantly associated with higher tumour grade (P = 0.02), higher mitotic count (P = 0.03), and negative HER2/neu status (P = 0.04). CK 8/18 H score ranged between 1 and 290 with mean ± SD was 181 ± 70.54. Tumours with lower CK 8/18 H score were in the advanced stage group (P = 0.04). Low CK8/18 H score and loss of membranous pattern were significantly associated with triple negative (TN) subtype as compared with luminal subtype (P = 0.006 and P = 0.026, respectively). In addition, CK8/18 with lost membranous pattern was significantly associated with TN subtype compared with HER2/neu positive subtype (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between luminal A and B subtypes regarding CK8/18 H score or pattern of expression. This study concluded that low CK8/18 H score and loss of membranous pattern of CK8/18 are associated with worse prognostic features and TN subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam A Aiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Samaka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
| | - Nancy Y Asaad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mona A Kandil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shehata
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
| | - Islam M Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, 32511, Egypt
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McIntyre BAS, Alev C, Mechael R, Salci KR, Lee JB, Fiebig-Comyn A, Guezguez B, Wu Y, Sheng G, Bhatia M. Expansive generation of functional airway epithelium from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:7-17. [PMID: 24300555 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived lung progenitors has broad applicability for drug screening and cell therapy; however, this is complicated by limitations in demarcating phenotypic changes with functional validation of airway cell types. In this paper, we reveal the potential of hESCs to produce multipotent lung progenitors using a combined growth factor and physical culture approach, guided by the use of novel markers LIFRα and NRP1. Lung specification of hESCs was achieved by priming differentiation via matrix-specific support, followed by air-liquid interface to allow generation of lung progenitors capable of in vitro maturation into airway epithelial cell types, resulting in functional characteristics such as secretion of pulmonary surfactant, ciliation, polarization, and acquisition of innate immune activity. This approach provided a robust expansion of lung progenitors, allowing in vivo assessment, which demonstrated that only fully differentiated hESC-derived airway cells were retained in the distal airway, where they aided in physiological recovery in immunocompromised mice receiving airway injury. Our study provides a basis for translational applications of hESCs for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A S McIntyre
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), Kobe, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Siddiqui RA, Harvey KA, Walker C, Altenburg J, Xu Z, Terry C, Camarillo I, Jones-Hall Y, Mariash C. Characterization of synergistic anti-cancer effects of docosahexaenoic acid and curcumin on DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:418. [PMID: 24034496 PMCID: PMC3848456 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major obstacles to the successful use of individual nutritional compounds as preventive or therapeutic agents are their efficacy and bioavailability. One approach to overcoming this problem is to use combinations of nutrients to induce synergistic effects. The objective of this research was to investigate the synergistic effects of two dietary components: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid present in cold-water fish, and curcumin (CCM), an herbal nutrient present in turmeric, in an in vivo model of DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. METHODS We used the carcinogen DMBA to induce breast tumors in SENCAR mice on control, CCM, DHA, or DHA + CCM diets. Appearance and tumor progression were monitored daily. The tumors were harvested 15 days following their first appearance for morphological and immunohistological analysis. Western analysis was performed to determine expression of maspin and survivin in the tumor tissues. Characterization of tumor growth was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Otherwise all other results are reported as mean ± SD and analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc procedure. RESULTS Analysis of gene microarray data indicates that combined treatment with DHA + CCM altered the profile of "PAM50" genes in the SK-BR-3 cell line from an ER⁻/Her-2⁺ to that resembling a "normal-like" phenotype. The in vivo studies demonstrated that DHA + CCM treatment reduced the incidence of breast tumors, delayed tumor initiation, and reduced progression of tumor growth. Dietary treatment had no effect on breast size development, but tumors from mice on a control diet (untreated) were less differentiated than tumors from mice fed CCM or DHA + CCM diets. The synergistic effects also led to increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, maspin, but reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. CONCLUSIONS The SK-BR-3 cells and DMBA-induced tumors, both with an ER⁻ and Her-2⁺ phenotype, were affected by the synergistic interaction of DHA and CCM. This suggests that the specific breast cancer phenotype is an important factor for predicting efficacy of these nutraceuticals. The combination of DHA and CCM is potentially a dietary supplemental treatment for some breast cancers, likely dependent upon the molecular phenotype of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat A Siddiqui
- Cellular Biochemistry Laboratory, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Nanni P, Gatta V, Menotti L, De Giovanni C, Ianzano M, Palladini A, Grosso V, Dall'Ora M, Croci S, Nicoletti G, Landuzzi L, Iezzi M, Campadelli-Fiume G, Lollini PL. Preclinical therapy of disseminated HER-2⁺ ovarian and breast carcinomas with a HER-2-retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003155. [PMID: 23382683 PMCID: PMC3561254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses aim to specifically kill tumor cells. A major challenge is the effective targeting of disseminated tumors in vivo. We retargeted herpes simplex virus (HSV) tropism to HER-2 oncoprotein p185, overexpressed in ovary and breast cancers. The HER-2-retargeted R-LM249 exclusively infects and kills tumor cells expressing high levels of human HER-2. Here, we assessed the efficacy of systemically i.p. delivered R-LM249 against disseminated tumors in mouse models that recapitulate tumor spread to the peritoneum in women. The human ovarian carcinoma SK-OV-3 cells implanted intraperitoneally (i.p.) in immunodeficient Rag2⁻/⁻;Il2rg⁻/⁻ mice gave rise to a progressive peritoneal carcinomatosis which mimics the fatal condition in advanced human patients. I.p. administration of R-LM249 strongly inhibited carcinomatosis, resulting in 60% of mice free from peritoneal diffusion, and 95% reduction in the total weight of neoplastic nodules. Intraperitoneal metastases are a common outcome in breast cancer: i.p. administration of R-LM249 strongly inhibited the growth of ovarian metastases of HER-2+ MDA-MB-453 breast cells. Brain metastases were also reduced. Cumulatively, upon i.p. administration the HER-2-redirected oncolytic HSV effectively reduced the growth of ovarian and breast carcinoma disseminated to the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Menotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla De Giovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Ianzano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Grosso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Iezzi
- CESI Aging Research Center, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Filali EE, Hiralall JK, van Veen HA, Stolz DB, Seppen J. Human liver endothelial cells, but not macrovascular or microvascular endothelial cells, engraft in the mouse liver. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:1801-11. [PMID: 23044355 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cell transplantation has had limited clinical success so far, partly due to poor engraftment of hepatocytes. Instead of hepatocytes. other cell types, such as endothelial cells, could be used in ex vivo liver gene therapy. The goal of the present study was to compare the grafting and repopulation capacity of human endothelial cells derived from various tissues. Human endothelial cells were isolated from adult and fetal livers using anti-human CD31 antibody-conjugated magnetic beads. Human macrovascular endothelial cells were obtained from umbilical vein. Human microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from adipose tissue. Cells were characterized using flow cytometry. Liver engraftment and repopulation of endothelial cells was studied after intrasplenic transplantation in monocrotaline-treated immunodeficient mice. Following transplantation, human liver endothelial cells engrafted throughout the mouse liver. With immunoscanning electron microscopy, fenestrae in engrafted human liver endothelial cells were identified, a characteristic feature of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In contrast, CD31-negative liver cells, human macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells were not capable of repopulating mouse liver. Characterization of human liver, macrovascular, and microvascular endothelial cells demonstrated expression of CD31, CD34, and CD146 but not CD45. Our study shows that only human liver endothelial cells, but not macro- and microvascular endothelial cells, have the unique capacity to engraft and repopulate the mouse liver. These results indicate that mature endothelial cells cannot transdifferentiate in vivo and thus do not exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Our results have set a basis for further research to the potential of human liver endothelial cells in liver-directed cell and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtisam El Filali
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Human Genome-Specific Real-Time PCR Method for Sensitive Detection and Reproducible Quantitation of Human Cells in Mice. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:1155-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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