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Muhuri AK, Alapan Y, Camargo CP, Thomas SN. Microengineered In Vitro Assays for Screening and Sorting Manufactured Therapeutic T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:199-207. [PMID: 38166247 PMCID: PMC10783858 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Adoptively transferred T cells constitute a major class of current and emergent cellular immunotherapies for the treatment of disease, including but not limited to cancer. Although key advancements in molecular recognition, genetic engineering, and manufacturing have dramatically enhanced their translational potential, therapeutic potency remains limited by poor homing and infiltration of transferred cells within target host tissues. In vitro microengineered homing assays with precise control over micromechanical and biological cues can address these shortcomings by enabling interrogation, screening, sorting, and optimization of therapeutic T cells based on their homing capacity. In this article, the working principles, application, and integration of microengineered homing assays for the mechanistic study of biophysical and biomolecular cues relevant to homing of therapeutic T cells are reviewed. The potential for these platforms to enable scalable enrichment and screening of next-generation manufactured T cell therapies for cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir K. Muhuri
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Yunus Alapan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Camila P. Camargo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Susan N. Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University
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BABAHAN C, ABDI ABGARMI S, SONUGÜR FG, ÖÇAL M, AKBULUT H. The effects of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody on the expression of angiogenesis and invasion-related genes. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:262-275. [PMID: 38152616 PMCID: PMC10751090 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The role of PD-L1 in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via its binding on PD-1 receptors is extensively studied. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a significant way of cancer immune escape, and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells is suggested as a predictive marker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). However, the tumor-intrinsic role of PD-L1 is not known well. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of anti-PD-L1 antibodies on the expression of angiogenesis and metastasis-related genes in tumor cells. Materials and methods The experiments were done with prostate cancer and melanoma cells with low PD-L1 expression (<5%) and prostate and breast cancer cells with high PD-L1 expression (>50%). The gene and protein expressions of VEGFA, E-cadherin, TGFβ1, EGFR, and bFGF in tumor cells were assayed at the 3 different doses of the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Results We found that VEGFA, E-cadherin and TGFβ1 expressions increased in PD-L1 high cells but decreased in PD-L1 low cells after anti-PD-L1 treatment. EGFR expression levels were variable in PD-L1 high cells, while decreased in PD-L1 low cells upon treatment. Also, the anti-PD-L1 antibody was found to increase bFGF expression in the prostate cancer cell line with high PD-L1 expression. Conclusion Our results suggest that the binding of PD-L1 on tumor cells by an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody may affect tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. The activation of angiogenesis and metastasis-related pathways by anti-PD-L1 treatment in PD-L1 high tumors might be a tumor-promoting mechanism. The decrease of VEGFA, TGFβ1 and EGFR upon anti-PD-L1 treatment in PD-L1 low tumor cells provides a rationale for the use of those antibodies in PD-L1 low tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu BABAHAN
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | | | | | - Müge ÖÇAL
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Hakan AKBULUT
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara,
Turkiye
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara,
Turkiye
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Seo EH, Song GY, Oh CS, Kim SH, Kim WS, Lee SH. CD103 + Cells and Chemokine Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e25. [PMID: 37416930 PMCID: PMC10320418 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal environments harbour lymphocytes, which express several adhesion molecules, including intestinal homing receptors and integrin αE/β7 (CD103). CD103 binds E-cadherin, an integrin receptor expressed in intestinal endothelial cells. Its expression not only enables homing or retention of T lymphocytes at these sites but is also associated with increased T lymphocyte activation. However, it is not yet clear how CD103 expression is related to the clinical staging of breast cancer, which is determined by factors such as the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of nearby lymph nodes (N), and presence of metastasis (M). We examined the prognostic significance of CD103 by FACS in 53 breast cancer patients and 46 healthy controls enrolled, and investigated its expression, which contributes to lymphocyte recruitment in tumor tissue. Patients with breast cancer showed increased frequencies of CD103+, CD4+CD103+, and CD8+CD103+ cells compared to controls. CD103 was expressed at a high level on the surfaces of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer. Its expression in peripheral blood was not correlated with clinical TNM stage. To determine the localisation of CD103+ cells in breast tissue, tissue sections of breast tumors were stained for CD103. In tissue sections of breast tumors stained for CD103, its expression in T lymphocytes was higher compared to normal breast tissue. In addition, CD103+ cells expressed higher levels of receptors for inflammatory chemokines, compared to CD103- cells. CD103+ cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue might be an important source of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte trafficking, homing, and retention in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Seo
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Ga-Yun Song
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Wan-Seop Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
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Qi C, Lei L, Hu J, Ou S. Establishment and validation of a novel integrin-based prognostic gene signature that sub-classifies gliomas and effectively predicts immunosuppressive microenvironment. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1259-1283. [PMID: 37096960 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2205204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin family members play a key role in cancer immunomodulation and prognosis. We comprehensively analyzed the expression patterns and clinical significance of integrin family-related genes in gliomas. A total of 2293 gliomas from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Gliovis platform were enrolled for analyses. Twenty-six integrin coding genes showed different expression patterns between glioma and normal brain tissues. We screened an integrin family-related gene signature (ITGA5, ITGA9, ITGAE, ITGB7 and ITGB8) that showed independent prognostic value and sub-classified gliomas into different prognostic and molecular clusters, further composed an integrin-based risk score model associated with glioma malignant clinical features, overall survival (OS), and immune microenvironment alterations. Besides, glioma patients with high-risk scores showed chemotherapeutic resistance and more immune cells infiltration as well as high immune checkpoints expression. Concurrently, we also revealed that high-risk score group presented resistance to T cell-mediated cancer killing process and lower rates of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment. In conclusion, our study identified a valuable integrin gene signature that predicted gliomas OS effectively, and sub-classified them into different phenotypes and accompanied with immunological changes, possibly acted as a biomarker for ICB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jinqu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shaowu Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Harnessing epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity to boost cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:318-340. [PMID: 36823234 PMCID: PMC10066239 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a powerful option for cancer treatment. Despite demonstrable progress, most patients fail to respond or achieve durable responses due to primary or acquired ICB resistance. Recently, tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) was identified as a critical determinant in regulating immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging role of tumor EMP in ICB resistance and the tumor-intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms by which tumors exploit EMP to achieve immunosuppression and immune escape. We discuss strategies to modulate tumor EMP to alleviate immune resistance and to enhance the efficiency of ICB therapy. Our discussion provides new prospects to enhance the ICB response for therapeutic gain in cancer patients.
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Avila JP, Carvalho BM, Coimbra EC. A Comprehensive View of the Cancer-Immunity Cycle (CIC) in HPV-Mediated Cervical Cancer and Prospects for Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041333. [PMID: 36831674 PMCID: PMC9954575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 new cases each year and a mortality rate of around 55%. Over 80% of these deaths occur in developing countries. The most important risk factor for CC is persistent infection by a sexually transmitted virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV). Conventional treatments to eradicate this type of cancer are accompanied by high rates of resistance and a large number of side effects. Hence, it is crucial to devise novel effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to develop immunotherapeutic methods for treating cancer. However, these strategies have not proven to be effective enough to combat CC. This means there is a need to investigate immune molecular targets. An adaptive immune response against cancer has been described in seven key stages or steps defined as the cancer-immunity cycle (CIC). The CIC begins with the release of antigens by tumor cells and ends with their destruction by cytotoxic T-cells. In this paper, we discuss several molecular alterations found in each stage of the CIC of CC. In addition, we analyze the evidence discovered, the molecular mechanisms and their relationship with variables such as histological subtype and HPV infection, as well as their potential impact for adopting novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Bye LJ, Finol-Urdaneta RK, Adams DJ. Calcium Imaging of Non-adherent Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2644:361-369. [PMID: 37142934 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3052-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging can reveal dynamic and multimodal cell signaling by monitoring calcium flux. Spatiotemporal changes in Ca2+ concentrations instigate specific downstream processes and by categorizing these events, we can examine the language cells use to communicate both to themselves and with each other. Thus, calcium imaging is an understandably popular and versatile technique that relies on high-resolution optical data as measured by fluorescence intensity. This is executed with relative ease on adherent cells, as changes in fluorescence intensity can be monitored over time in fixed regions of interest. However, perfusion of non-adherent or mildly adherent cells leads to their mechanical displacement thereby hindering the spatial resolution of fluorescence intensity changes through time. Here we provide details of a simple and cost-effective protocol using gelatin to prevent cell dislodgement during the solution exchanges that occur during recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Bye
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Ku SC, Liu HL, Su CY, Yeh IJ, Yen MC, Anuraga G, Ta HDK, Chiao CC, Xuan DTM, Prayugo FB, Wang WJ, Wang CY. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic significance of cadherin (CDH) gene family in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8498-8567. [PMID: 36315446 PMCID: PMC9648792 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading deaths in all kinds of malignancies; therefore, it is important for early detection. At the primary tumor site, tumor cells could take on mesenchymal properties, termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This process is partly regulated by members of the cadherin (CDH) family of genes, and it is an essential step in the formation of metastases. There has been a lot of study of the roles of some of the CDH family genes in cancer; however, a holistic approach examining the roles of distinct CDH family genes in the development of breast cancer remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we used a bioinformatics approach to examine expression profiles of CDH family genes using the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), cBioPortal, MetaCore, and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) platforms. We revealed that CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 messenger (m)RNA levels are overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells and were correlated with poor prognoses in breast cancer patients’ distant metastasis-free survival. An enrichment analysis showed that high expressions of CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 were significantly correlated with cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix remodeling process, the EMT, WNT/beta-catenin, and interleukin-mediated immune responses. Collectively, CDH1/2/4/11/12/13 are thought to be potential biomarkers for breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Liang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - I-Jeng Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya 60234, Indonesia
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chieh Chiao
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Do Thi Minh Xuan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fidelia Berenice Prayugo
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Master/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40676, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Lange J, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Buggert M. Human mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:389-397. [PMID: 34743182 PMCID: PMC8571012 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells are fundamental to maintain immune surveillance of the human body. During the past decade, it has become apparent that non-recirculating resident memory T cells (TRMs) form a first line memory response in tissues to tackle re-infections. The fact that TRMs are essential for local immunity highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this population against tumors and infections. However, similar to other immune subsets, TRMs are heterogenous and may form distinct effector populations with unique functions at diverse tissue sites. Further insight into the mechanisms of how TRM function and respond to pathogens and malignancies at different mucosal sites will help to shape future vaccine and immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we review the current understanding of TRM function and biology at four major mucosal sites: gastrointestinal tract, lung, head and neck, as well as female reproductive tract. We also summarize our current knowledge of how TRM targets invading pathogens and developing tumor cells at these mucosal sites and contemplate how TRMs may be exploited to protect from infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lange
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Rivera-Ballesteros
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen L, Sun R, Xu J, Zhai W, Zhang D, Yang M, Yue C, Chen Y, Li S, Turnquist H, Jiang J, Lu B. Tumor-Derived IL33 Promotes Tissue-Resident CD8 + T Cells and Is Required for Checkpoint Blockade Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1381-1392. [PMID: 32917659 PMCID: PMC7642190 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by prolonging overall survival of patients with cancer. Despite advances in the clinical setting, the immune cellular network in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that mediates such therapy is not well understood. IL33 is highly expressed in normal epithelial cells but downregulated in tumor cells in advanced carcinoma. Here, we showed that IL33 was induced in tumor cells after treatment with ICB such as CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) mAbs. ST2 signaling in nontumor cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, was critical for the antitumor efficacy of ICB immunotherapy. We demonstrated that tumor-derived IL33 was crucial for the antitumor efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. Mechanistically, IL33 increased the accumulation and effector function of tumor-resident CD103+CD8+ T cells, and CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells was required for the antitumor efficacy of IL33. In addition, IL33 also increased the numbers of CD103+ dendritic cells (DC) in the TME and CD103+ DC were required for the antitumor effect of IL33 and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Combination of IL33 with CTLA-4 and PD-1 ICB further prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our study established that the "danger signal" IL33 was crucial for mediating ICB cancer therapy by promoting tumor-resident adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, China
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junchi Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wensi Zhai
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cuihua Yue
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yichao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heth Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, China
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Schöniger S, Degner S, Zhang Q, Schandelmaier C, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Jasani B, Schoon HA. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Pet Rabbit Mammary Carcinomas: A Study with Relevance to Comparative Pathology. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081437. [PMID: 32824521 PMCID: PMC7459912 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interaction between tumors and immune cells influences tumor fate, i.e., regression, growth, or even metastases. The evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human breast cancer has prognostic value. Pet rabbits develop spontaneous mammary carcinomas and have an immune system that is comparable with that of humans, so that they have the potential to provide an animal model for human breast cancer. To further substantiate this similarity, this study examined TILs in 107 pet rabbit mammary carcinomas according to criteria established for human breast cancer. For TIL evaluation routinely stained microscopic sections were examined by light microscopy. Relevant histological and immunohistochemical tumor characteristics were obtained from a data base. Results showed that increased presence of stromal TILs was statistically associated with histological tumor features indicative of a less aggressive biological behavior, i.e., reduced tumor cell proliferation and a lower histological grade. The expression by tumor cells of calponin, a presumed tumor suppressor protein, was also associated with their reduced proliferation and a higher percentage of stromal TILs. Data suggest that higher percentages of stromal TILs may have the potential to serve as favorable prognostic indicator in rabbit mammary carcinomas and support the value of pet rabbits for comparative research. Abstract Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) serve as prognostic biomarker in human breast cancer. Rabbits have the potential to act as animal model for human breast cancer, and close similarities exist between the rabbit and human immune system. The aim of this study is to characterize TILs in pet rabbit mammary carcinomas and to statistically correlate results with histological and immunohistochemical tumor characteristics. Microscopic evaluation of TILs was performed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of 107 rabbit mammary carcinomas according to international guidelines for human breast cancer. Data on histological features of malignancy, estrogen and progesterone receptor status and calponin expression were obtained from the data base. This study revealed a statistical association between stromal TILs in the central tumor (CT) and infiltrative margin. Higher maximal percentages of stromal TILs at the CT were statistically correlated with decreased mitotic count and lower tumor grade. An increased number of calponin positive tumor cells was statistically associated with a lower mitotic count and a higher percentage of stromal TILs. Results suggest that higher percentages of stromal TILs are useful biomarkers that may point toward a favorable prognosis in rabbit mammary carcinomas and support the concept of the use of rabbits for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schöniger
- Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH, Germaniastrasse 7, 34119 Kassel, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sophie Degner
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (H.-A.S.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy, Experimental Neurobiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;
| | - Claudia Schandelmaier
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG, Steubenstrasse 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (C.S.); (H.A.-L.)
| | | | - Bharat Jasani
- Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH, Germaniastrasse 7, 34119 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Heinz-Adolf Schoon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (H.-A.S.)
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Sommariva M, Gagliano N. E-Cadherin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Multifaceted Actor during EMT. Cells 2020; 9:E1040. [PMID: 32331358 PMCID: PMC7226001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a step-wise process observed in normal and tumor cells leading to a switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. In tumors, EMT provides cancer cells with a metastatic phenotype characterized by E-cadherin down-regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, motile and invasive potential. E-cadherin down-regulation is known as a key event during EMT. However, E-cadherin expression can be influenced by the different experimental settings and environmental stimuli so that the paradigm of EMT based on the loss of E-cadherin determining tumor cell behavior and fate often becomes an open question. In this review, we aimed at focusing on some critical points in order to improve the knowledge of the dynamic role of epithelial cells plasticity in EMT and, specifically, address the role of E-cadherin as a marker for the EMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Characterization of CD103 + CD8 + tissue-resident T cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: may be tumor reactive and resurrected by anti-PD-1 blockade. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1493-1504. [PMID: 32285170 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Though therapy that promotes anti-tumor response about CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown great potential, clinical responses to CD8+ TILs immunotherapy vary considerably, largely because of different subpopulation of CD8+ TILs exhibiting different biological characters. To define the relationship between subpopulation of CD8+ TILs and the outcome of antitumor reaction, the phenotype and function of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated. CD103+ CD8+ TILs were presented in ESCC, which displayed phenotype of tissue-resident memory T cells and exhibited high expression of immune checkpoints (PD-1, TIM-3). CD103+ CD8+ TILs were positively associated with the overall survivals of ESCC patients. This population of cells elicited potent proliferation and cytotoxic cytokine secretion potential. In addition, CD103+ CD8+ TILs were elicited potent anti-tumor immunity after anti-PD-1 blockade and were not affected by chemotherapy. This study emphasized the feature of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in immune response and identified potentially new targets in ESCC patients.
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14
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Molodtsov A, Turk MJ. Tissue Resident CD8 Memory T Cell Responses in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30555481 PMCID: PMC6281983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory (TRM) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal TRM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, TRM-like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that TRM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. Such tumor-specific TRM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. TRM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic TRM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to TRM responses. This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate TRM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for TRM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting TRM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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Mami-Chouaib F, Blanc C, Corgnac S, Hans S, Malenica I, Granier C, Tihy I, Tartour E. Resident memory T cells, critical components in tumor immunology. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:87. [PMID: 30180905 PMCID: PMC6122734 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are the major anti-tumor effector cells. Most cancer immunotherapeutic approaches seek to amplify cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific to malignant cells. A recently identified subpopulation of memory CD8+ T cells, named tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, persists in peripheral tissues and does not recirculate. This T-cell subset is considered an independent memory T-cell lineage with a specific profile of transcription factors, including Runx3+, Notch+, Hobit+, Blimp1+, BATF+, AHR+, EOMESneg and Tbetlow. It is defined by expression of CD103 (αE(CD103)β7) and CD49a (VLA-1 or α1β1) integrins and C-type lectin CD69, which are most likely involved in retention of TRM cells in non-lymphoid tissues, including solid tumors. CD103 binds to the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, thereby favoring the location and retention of TRM in epithelial tumor regions in close contact with malignant cells. The CD103-E-cadherin interaction is required for polarized exocytosis of lytic granules, in particular, when ICAM-1 expression on cancer cells is missing, leading to target cell death. TRM cells also express high levels of granzyme B, IFNγ and TNFα, supporting their cytotoxic features. Moreover, the local route of immunization targeting tissue dendritic cells (DC), and the presence of environmental factors (i.e. TGF-β, IL-33 and IL-15), promote differentiation of this T-cell subtype. In both spontaneous tumor models and engrafted tumors, natural TRM cells or cancer-vaccine-induced TRM directly control tumor growth. In line with these results, TRM infiltration into various human cancers, including lung cancer, are correlated with better clinical outcome in both univariate and multivariate analyses independently of CD8+ T cells. TRM cells also predominantly express checkpoint receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and Tim-3. Blockade of PD-1 with neutralizing antibodies on TRM cells isolated from human lung cancer promotes cytolytic activity toward autologous tumor cells. Thus, TRM cells appear to represent important components in tumor immune surveillance. Their induction by cancer vaccines or other immunotherapeutic approaches may be critical for the success of these treatments. Several arguments, such as their close contact with tumor cells, dominant expression of checkpoint receptors and their recognition of cancer cells, strongly suggest that they may be involved in the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Charlotte Blanc
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Hans
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Ines Malenica
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Tihy
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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Corgnac S, Boutet M, Kfoury M, Naltet C, Mami-Chouaib F. The Emerging Role of CD8 + Tissue Resident Memory T (T RM) Cells in Antitumor Immunity: A Unique Functional Contribution of the CD103 Integrin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1904. [PMID: 30158938 PMCID: PMC6104123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is aimed at stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their subsequent trafficking so that they may reach, and persist in, the tumor microenvironment, recognizing and eliminating malignant target cells. Thus, characterization of the phenotype and effector functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating human solid tumors is essential for better understanding and manipulating the local antitumor immune response, and for defining their contribution to the success of current cancer immunotherapy approaches. Accumulating evidence indicates that a substantial subpopulation of CD3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells, and is emerging as an activated tumor-specific T-cell subset. These TRM cells accumulate in various human cancer tissues, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian and breast cancers, and are defined by expression of CD103 [αE(CD103)β7] and/or CD49a [α1(CD49a)β1] integrins, along with C-type lectin CD69, which most likely contribute to their residency characteristic. CD103 binds to the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, thereby promoting retention of TRM cells in epithelial tumor islets and maturation of cytotoxic immune synapse with specific cancer cells, resulting in T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent target cell killing. Moreover, CD103 integrin triggers bidirectional signaling events that cooperate with TCR signals to enable T-cell migration and optimal cytokine production. Remarkably, TRM cells infiltrating human NSCLC tumors also express inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death-1, the neutralization of which, with blocking antibodies, enhances CD103-dependent TCR-mediated cytotoxicity toward autologous cancer cells. Thus, accumulation of TRM cells at the tumor site explains the more favorable clinical outcome, and might be associated with the success of immune checkpoint blockade in a fraction of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Boutet
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Kfoury
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Charles Naltet
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Fac. de Médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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18
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ITGAE Defines CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predicting a better Prognostic Survival in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 35:178-188. [PMID: 30100393 PMCID: PMC6154785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in colorectal tumor tissue are significantly correlated with a favorable prognosis, such as CD8+ lymphocytes, which are also called tumor-reactive lymphocytes. However, not all tumor-infiltrating T cells confer benefit to patients. Therefore, it is of substantial benefit to identify a biomarker to demarcate these tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Methods We investigated whether ITGAE could be used to discriminate reactive CD8+ lymphocytes in colorectal cancer (CRC). TCGA colorectal cancer data sets (n1 = 492, n2 = 386) and FUSCC set (n3 = 276) were used in this study. Further phenotyping of ITGAE+ cells and the mechanistic basis were investigated. Findings In the training and testing sets from TCGA, ITGAE expression, which is strongly correlated with cytotoxic T cell markers (CD8/CD3/PD1), independently predicted longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). In line with this, the association between ITGAE+ lymphocytes and survival has been confirmed in the FUSCC cohort for validation (P = .026). ITGAE + cells in the series always co-stained with CD8 were preferentially located in the tumor. Interestingly, ITGAE+ lymphocytes tended to associate with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) with decreased Snail and increased E-cadherin expression accompanied. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis showed that immune activation was significantly enriched in the high ITGAE+ TIL group, accompanied by enriched EMT-related pathways. Interpretation Because of the specified expression of tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cells, ITGAE may be a promising biomarker for the rapid identification of immune infiltration in CRC. ITGAE expression independently predicted longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancers. ITGAE could be used to discriminate CD8+ TIL populations
We demonstrate here in colorectal cancers for the first time that ITGAE+ CD8+ lymphocytes infiltration plays a vital role in the antitumor immune response and ITGAE has been identified as a biomarker of tumor-reactive CD8+ TIL. In mechanism, ITGAE+ lymphocytes may even associate with interferon-response chemokines and EMT signaling, then serves as an independent predictor in colorectal cancers.
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Lohneis P, Sinn M, Bischoff S, Jühling A, Pelzer U, Wislocka L, Bahra M, Sinn BV, Denkert C, Oettle H, Bläker H, Riess H, Jöhrens K, Striefler JK. Cytotoxic tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes influence outcome in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:290-301. [PMID: 28772128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the prognostic effect of CD3-, CD8- and CD103-positive T lymphocytes in a cohort of 165 patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) of the treatment group (adjuvant gemcitabine) and the untreated control group of the CONKO-001 study. METHODS Immunohistochemical stainings on tissue microarrays (TMAs) against CD3, CD8 and CD103 were performed according to standard procedures. RESULTS A high number of CD8-positive lymphocytes were significantly and independently associated with longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the overall study population. Median DFS/OS were 7.4/18.1 months for patients with a low number of CD8-positive intratumoural lymphocytes (≤42 per 1 mm tissue core) and 12.7/25.2 months for patients with high numbers (>42 per 1-mm tissue core; p = 0.008/0.020; HR 0.62/0.65). The ratio of intraepithelial to total CD103-positive lymphocytes, but not total numbers of CD103-positive lymphocytes or CD103-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes, was associated with significantly improved DFS and OS in the overall study population (p = 0.022/0.009). Median DFS/OS was 5.9/15.7 for patients with a ratio of intraepithelial to total CD103-positive intratumoural lymphocytes higher than 0.3 and 11.6/24.7 for patients with a lower ratio. CONCLUSION T-lymphocyte subpopulations might be prognostic in resectable PDAC but need standardization and verification by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lohneis
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marianne Sinn
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Bischoff
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Jühling
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Pelzer
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilianna Wislocka
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bahra
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno V Sinn
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Oettle
- Outpatient Department Hematology/Oncology, Friedrichstrasse 53, 88045 Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanno Riess
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana K Striefler
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Fontenete S, Peña-Jimenez D, Perez-Moreno M. Heterocellular cadherin connections: coordinating adhesive cues in homeostasis and cancer. F1000Res 2017; 6:1010. [PMID: 28721207 PMCID: PMC5497824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11357.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This short insight covers some of the recent topics relevant to the field of cadherin-catenin adhesion in mediating connections between different cell types, so-called heterotypic or heterocellular connections, in both homeostasis and cancer. These scientific discoveries are increasing our understanding of how multiple cells residing in complex tissues can be instructed by cadherin adhesion receptors to regulate tissue architecture and function and how these cadherin-mediated heterocellular connections spur tumor growth and the acquisition of malignant characteristics in tumor cells. Overall, the findings that have emerged over the past few years are elucidating the complexity of the functional roles of the cadherin-catenin complexes. Future exciting research lies ahead in order to understand the physical basis of these heterotypic interactions and their influence on the behavior of heterogeneous cellular populations as well as their roles in mediating phenotypic and genetic changes as cells evolve through complex environments during morphogenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fontenete
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Peña-Jimenez
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirna Perez-Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Wang B, Wu S, Zeng H, Liu Z, Dong W, He W, Chen X, Dong X, Zheng L, Lin T, Huang J. CD103
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Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict a Favorable Prognosis in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol 2015; 194:556-62. [PMID: 25752441 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxu Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Webb JR, Milne K, Nelson BH. PD-1 and CD103 Are Widely Coexpressed on Prognostically Favorable Intraepithelial CD8 T Cells in Human Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:926-35. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Djenidi F, Adam J, Goubar A, Durgeau A, Meurice G, de Montpréville V, Validire P, Besse B, Mami-Chouaib F. CD8+CD103+ Tumor–Infiltrating Lymphocytes Are Tumor-Specific Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells and a Prognostic Factor for Survival in Lung Cancer Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3475-86. [PMID: 25725111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Djenidi
- INSERM Unité 1186, 94805 Villejuif, France; Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; INSERM Unité 981, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aïcha Goubar
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; INSERM Unité 981, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie Durgeau
- INSERM Unité 1186, 94805 Villejuif, France; Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Plateforme de Bioinformatique, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent de Montpréville
- INSERM Unité 1186, 94805 Villejuif, France; Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 92350 Le-Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France; Département de Médecine, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 95805 Villejuif, France
| | - Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM Unité 1186, 94805 Villejuif, France; Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France;
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Mokrani M, Klibi J, Bluteau D, Bismuth G, Mami-Chouaib F. Smad and NFAT Pathways Cooperate To Induce CD103 Expression in Human CD8 T Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2471-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Webb JR, Milne K, Watson P, Deleeuw RJ, Nelson BH. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressing the tissue resident memory marker CD103 are associated with increased survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:434-44. [PMID: 24190978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with prolonged survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) and other epithelial cancers. Survival is most strongly associated with intraepithelial versus intrastromal CD8(+) TILs; however, the mechanisms that promote the intraepithelial localization of TILs remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that intraepithelial CD8(+) TILs, like normal mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, might express CD103, a subunit of αE/β7 integrin, which binds E-cadherin on epithelial cells. METHODS A large collection of primary ovarian tumors (HGSC, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of TIL-expressing CD103. The activation and differentiation status of CD103(+) TILs were assessed by flow cytometry. The prognostic significance of TIL subsets was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS CD103(+) TILs were present in all major ovarian cancer subtypes and were most abundant in HGSC. CD103(+) TILs were preferentially localized to epithelial regions of tumors and were comprised predominantly of CD8(+) T cells expressing activation (HLA-DR, Ki-67, PD-1) and cytolytic (TIA-1) markers, as well as CD56(+) NK cells. Tumor infiltration by CD103(+) TILs was strongly associated with patient survival in HGSC. Tumors containing CD8(+) TILs that were CD103(-) showed poor prognosis equivalent to tumors lacking CD8(+) TILs altogether. CONCLUSIONS CD103(+) TILs comprise intraepithelial, activated CD8(+) T cells, and NK cells and are strongly associated with patient survival in HGSC. CD103 may serve as a useful marker for enriching the most beneficial subsets of TILs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Webb
- Authors' Affiliations: Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Piet B, de Bree GJ, Smids-Dierdorp BS, van der Loos CM, Remmerswaal EBM, von der Thüsen JH, van Haarst JMW, Eerenberg JP, ten Brinke A, van der Bij W, Timens W, van Lier RAW, Jonkers RE. CD8⁺ T cells with an intraepithelial phenotype upregulate cytotoxic function upon influenza infection in human lung. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2254-63. [PMID: 21537083 DOI: 10.1172/jci44675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human lung T cell compartment contains many CD8⁺ T cells specific for respiratory viruses, suggesting that the lung is protected from recurring respiratory infections by a resident T cell pool. The entry site for respiratory viruses is the epithelium, in which a subset of lung CD8⁺ T cells expressing CD103 (αE integrin) resides. Here, we determined the specificity and function of CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cells in protecting human lung against viral infection. Mononuclear cells were isolated from human blood and lung resection samples. Variable numbers of CD103⁺CD8⁺ T cells were retrieved from the lung tissue. Interestingly, expression of CD103 was seen only in lung CD8⁺ T cells specific for influenza but not in those specific for EBV or CMV. CD103⁺ and influenza-reactive cells preferentially expressed NKG2A, an inhibitor of CD8⁺ T cell cytotoxic function. In contrast to CD103⁻CD8⁺ T cells, most CD103⁺CD8⁺ cells did not contain perforin or granzyme B. However, they could quickly upregulate these cytotoxic mediators when exposed to a type I IFN milieu or via contact with their specific antigen. This mechanism may provide a rapid and efficient response to influenza infection, without inducing cytotoxic damage to the delicate epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berber Piet
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Floc'h AL, Jalil A, Franciszkiewicz K, Validire P, Vergnon I, Mami-Chouaib F. Minimal Engagement of CD103 on Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with an E-Cadherin-Fc Molecule Triggers Lytic Granule Polarization via a Phospholipase Cγ–Dependent Pathway. Cancer Res 2011; 71:328-38. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Webb JR, Wick DA, Nielsen JS, Tran E, Milne K, McMurtrie E, Nelson BH. Profound elevation of CD8+ T cells expressing the intraepithelial lymphocyte marker CD103 (αE/β7 Integrin) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 118:228-36. [PMID: 20541243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Franciszkiewicz K, Le Floc'h A, Jalil A, Vigant F, Robert T, Vergnon I, Mackiewicz A, Benihoud K, Validire P, Chouaib S, Combadière C, Mami-Chouaib F. Intratumoral Induction of CD103 Triggers Tumor-Specific CTL Function and CCR5-Dependent T-Cell Retention. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6249-55. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Renal allograft rejection: the contribution of chemokines to the adhesion and retention of alphaE(CD103)beta7 integrin-expressing intratubular T cells. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:4000-7. [PMID: 18649941 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of activated T cells to the tubules is a defining feature of cell-mediated renal allograft rejection. Many of these intratubular T cells express the alphaE(CD103)beta7 integrin, potentially allowing adhesion to epithelial cells which express the only defined counter-receptor, E-cadherin. However, the potential of rejection-associated intratubular chemokines to modulate the adhesive function of this integrin has not been investigated. This study demonstrated that CCL7 is expressed within the tubules during renal allograft rejection. Modelling with CD103-expressing MOLT-16 T cells demonstrated chemotactic responses to the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL12, CCL5 and, most significantly, CCL7 (p<0.001); these responses were consistent with the expression of CXCR3, CXCR4 and CCR1 by these cells. A solid-phase adhesion assay showed little background binding of MOLT-16 cells to immobilised human E-cadherin.Fc fusion protein but alphaEbeta7 integrin-specific adhesion was greatly increased by the addition of either Mn2+ or 10nM CCL7 (p<0.01 or <0.001, respectively). Treatment of activated human peripheral T cells with TGFbeta1 for 3 days induced the expression of CD103 on a mean 53% of these cells; a similar proportion of CD103+ and CD103- T cells within these cultures expressed receptors for the chemokine CCL7. CD103+ T cell fractions were sorted from mitogen- or alloantigen-activated, TGFbeta1-treated T cell cultures and also showed specific enhancement of adhesion to E-cadherin.Fc fusion protein following stimulation with Mn2+ or 10nM CCL7 (p<0.01 in all cases); CD103- T cells were not adherent under any conditions. Together these data suggest that although the alphaEbeta7 integrin is induced on activated intratubular T cells by the presence of TGFbeta, the adhesive function of this integrin is promoted by the presence of chemokines such as CCL7, which are also expressed within tubules during renal allograft rejection.
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Kaufman HL, Kim-Schulze S, Manson K, DeRaffele G, Mitcham J, Seo KS, Kim DW, Marshall J. Poxvirus-based vaccine therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2007; 5:60. [PMID: 18039393 PMCID: PMC2217514 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose An open-label Phase 1 study of recombinant prime-boost poxviruses targeting CEA and MUC-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was conducted to determine safety, tolerability and obtain preliminary data on immune response and survival. Patients and methods Ten patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were treated on a Phase I clinical trial. The vaccination regimen consisted of vaccinia virus expressing tumor antigens carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucin-1 (MUC-1) with three costimulatory molecules B7.1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3 (TRICOM) (PANVAC-V) and fowlpox virus expressing the same antigens and costimulatory molecules (PANVAC-F). Patients were primed with PANVAC-V followed by three booster vaccinations using PANVAC-F. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used as a local adjuvant after each vaccination and for 3 consecutive days thereafter. Monthly booster vaccinations for up to 12 months were provided for patients without progressive disease. Peripheral blood was collected before, during and after vaccinations for immune analysis. Results The most common treatment-related adverse events were mild injection-site reactions. Antibody responses against vaccinia virus was observed in all 10 patients and antigen-specific T cell responses were observed in 5 out of 8 evaluable patients (62.5%). Median overall survival was 6.3 months and a significant increase in overall survival was noted in patients who generated anti CEA- and/or MUC-1-specific immune responses compared with those who did not (15.1 vs 3.9 months, respectively; P = .002). Conclusion Poxvirus vaccination is safe, well tolerated, and capable of generating antigen-specific immune responses in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Kaufman
- The Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Division of Surgical Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Masson F, Calzascia T, Di Berardino-Besson W, de Tribolet N, Dietrich PY, Walker PR. Brain microenvironment promotes the final functional maturation of tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:845-53. [PMID: 17617575 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During the priming phase of an antitumor immune response, CD8(+) T cells undergo a program of differentiation driven by professional APCs in secondary lymphoid organs. This leads to clonal expansion and acquisition both of effector functions and a specific adhesion molecule pattern. Whether this program can be reshaped during the effector phase to adapt to the effector site microenvironment is unknown. We investigated this in murine brain tumor models using adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells, and in spontaneous immune responses of patients with malignant glioma. Our data show proliferation of Ag-experienced tumor-specific T cells within the brain parenchyma. Moreover, CD8(+) T cells further differentiated in the brain, exhibiting enhanced IFN-gamma and granzyme B expression and induction of alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7) integrin. This unexpected integrin expression identified a subpopulation of CD8(+) T cells conditioned by the brain microenvironment and also had functional consequences: alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7)-expressing CD8(+) T cells had enhanced retention in the brain. These findings were further investigated for CD8(+) T cells infiltrating human malignant glioma; CD8(+) T cells expressed alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7) integrin and granzyme B as in the murine models. Overall, our data indicate that the effector site plays an active role in shaping the effector phase of tumor immunity. The potential for local expansion and functional reprogramming should be considered when optimizing future immunotherapies for regional tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérick Masson
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Le Floc'h A, Jalil A, Vergnon I, Le Maux Chansac B, Lazar V, Bismuth G, Chouaib S, Mami-Chouaib F. Alpha E beta 7 integrin interaction with E-cadherin promotes antitumor CTL activity by triggering lytic granule polarization and exocytosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:559-70. [PMID: 17325197 PMCID: PMC2137907 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Various T cell adhesion molecules and their cognate receptors on target cells promote T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated cell killing. In this report, we demonstrate that the interaction of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin with integrin αE(CD103)β7, often expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), plays a major role in effective tumor cell lysis. Indeed, we found that although tumor-specific CD103+ TIL-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones are able to kill E-cadherin+/intercellular adhesion molecule 1− autologous tumor cells, CD103− peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)-derived counterparts are inefficient. This cell killing is abrogated after treatment of the TIL clones with a blocking anti-CD103 monoclonal antibody or after targeting E-cadherin in the tumor using ribonucleic acid interference. Confocal microscopy analysis also demonstrated that αEβ7 is recruited at the immunological synapse and that its interaction with E-cadherin is required for cytolytic granule polarization and subsequent exocytosis. Moreover, we report that the CD103− profile, frequently observed in PBL-derived CTL clones and associated with poor cytotoxicity against the cognate tumor, is up-regulated upon TCR engagement and transforming growth factor β1 treatment, resulting in strong potentiation of antitumor lytic function. Thus, CD8+/CD103+ tumor-reactive T lymphocytes infiltrating epithelial tumors most likely play a major role in antitumor cytotoxic response through αEβ7–E-cadherin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Floc'h
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U753 and 2Unité de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR)-54, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex 94805, France
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Abstract
The number two cause of mortality in developed countries is cancer. Despite the enormous effort put into cancer prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, it is likely that the incidence of the cancer morbidity and mortality will increase for the foreseeable future. This is due to various factors such as increased life expectancy, changes in environment and also the socio-economic situation around the world. Some cancer attracts more attention than others and increasingly epidemiological information is reaching the general public and is beginning to influence behavior. It is now well recognized that, for example, 1 of 8 women in the industrialized world will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Additionally, a strong correlation was established between lung cancer incidence and smoking and it is broadly accepted that the incidence of colon cancer is directly related to age and diet, and has been increasing over time. The current failure of preventive measures to significantly reduce the increasing incidence of these common tumors illustrates the importance of effective cancer treatment strategies, including chemotherapy. The combination of various anticancer drugs, given together with surgery and radiotherapy, gives hope to many patients. There has been recent evidence of improved therapeutic outcome with recent approaches and newer agents but for continuing effective chemotherapeutic treatment there is a need for a detailed understanding of their mechanisms of action and on the rationale of their application. This review attempts to provide up-to-date information regarding the development of new and innovative treatment strategies for cancer chemotherapy. Virtually, every year several of new targets for cancer therapy on both, cellular and molecular levels, are identified and new drugs enter not only clinical trials but also are included in well accepted and documented therapeutic protocols. As this review is in addition to our review published previously (Medical Principles and Practice 11, 2002, 117-125), we have tried to include new and innovative targets and drugs that attract attention at present. Although it is not possible to provide a complete list of all achievements and cover all work done in this field, we hope to be able to give some insight into this rapidly developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Novotny
- Kuwait Unviersity, Faculty of Parmacy, Department of Chemistry, Kuwait, Kuwait.
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