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Kongmanas K, Punyadee N, Wasuworawong K, Songjaeng A, Prommool T, Pewkliang Y, Manocheewa S, Thiemmeca S, Sa-ngiamsuntorn K, Puttikhunt C, Faull KF, Hongeng S, Avirutnan P. Immortalized stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells: An alternative model for studying dengue pathogenesis and therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008835. [PMID: 33216752 PMCID: PMC7717553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Suitable cell models are essential to advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), the most ideal hepatic model, are commercially available, but they are expensive and vary from lot-to-lot which confounds their utility. We have recently developed an immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) from human mesenchymal stem cells, and tested it for use as a substitute model for hepatotropic infectious diseases. With a special interest in liver pathogenesis of viral infection, herein we determined the suitability of imHC as a host cell target for dengue virus (DENV) and as a model for anti-viral drug testing. We characterized the kinetics of DENV production, cellular responses to DENV infection (apoptosis, cytokine production and lipid droplet metabolism), and examined anti-viral drug effects in imHC cells with comparisons to the commonly used hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) and PHHs. Our results showed that imHC cells had higher efficiencies in DENV replication and NS1 secretion as compared to HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. The kinetics of DENV infection in imHC cells showed a slower rate of apoptosis than the hepatoma cell lines and a certain similarity of cytokine profiles to PHHs. In imHC, DENV-induced alterations in levels of lipid droplets and triacylglycerols, a major component of lipid droplets, were more apparent than in hepatoma cell lines, suggesting active lipid metabolism in imHC. Significantly, responses to drugs with DENV inhibitory effects were greater in imHC cells than in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest superior suitability of imHC as a new hepatocyte model for studying mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis, liver diseases and drug effects. A model system resembling normal human liver cells is needed for advancement of hepatotropic infectious disease research. Here we show that immortalized cells (imHC) derived from human stem cells have a higher efficiency of DENV replication and a lower rate of cell death in response to DENV infection than the cancer cell-derived model systems currently used. The imHC also have active fat metabolism and respond well to anti-viral drug treatment, making them an attractive model for the initial stage of drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessiri Kongmanas
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntaya Punyadee
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasima Wasuworawong
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisak Songjaeng
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapan Prommool
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Pewkliang
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Manocheewa
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Thiemmeca
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chunya Puttikhunt
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kym Francis Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panisadee Avirutnan
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, Medical Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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López-Urrutia E, Campos-Parra A, Herrera LA, Pérez-Plasencia C. Alternative splicing regulation in tumor necrosis factor-mediated inflammation. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5114-5120. [PMID: 29113151 PMCID: PMC5656035 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that alternative splicing has an effect on disease when it leads to conspicuous changes in relevant proteins, but that the combinatorial effect of several small modifications can have marked outcomes as well. Inflammation is a complex process involving numerous signaling pathways, among which the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway is one of the most studied. Signaling pathways are commonly represented as intricate cascades of molecular interactions that eventually lead to the activation of one or several genes. Alternative splicing is a common means of controlling protein expression in time and space; therefore, it can modulate the outcome of signaling pathways through small changes in their elements. Notably, the overall process is tightly regulated, which is easily overlooked when analyzing the pathway as a whole. The present review summarizes recent studies of the alternative splicing of key players of the TNF pathway leading to inflammation, and hypothesizes on the cumulative results of those modifications and the impact on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo López-Urrutia
- Genomics Laboratory, UBIMED, Faculty of Higher Studies-Iztacala, National Autonomous University, Tlalnepantla, 54090 State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alma Campos-Parra
- Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Tlalpan, 14680 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Herrera
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Tlalpan, 14680 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Genomics Laboratory, UBIMED, Faculty of Higher Studies-Iztacala, National Autonomous University, Tlalnepantla, 54090 State of Mexico, Mexico.,Genomics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Tlalpan, 14680 Mexico City, Mexico
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Vitamin D Modulation of TRAIL Expression in Human Milk and Mammary Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4362. [PMID: 28659589 PMCID: PMC5489519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D levels in mothers affect the health status of both the mother and breastfeeding infant. Vitamin D deficient mothers’ infants are prone to rickets. While tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in cellular growth/apoptosis, immune cell function and bone-resorbing osteoclast formation, the expression of TRAIL in human milk as a function of vitamin D status in mothers remains unknown. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency alters TRAIL protein levels in human breast milk and mammary epithelial cells. Milk from vitamin D deficient mothers showed high levels of TRAIL (α and β) proteins compared to milk from vitamin D replete women. Western blot analysis of total cell lysate obtained from normal human mammary epithelial (HME-1) cells treated with variable doses (0–20 nM) of vitamin D for 24 h demonstrated that low levels (0.5 to 5 nM) significantly increased the TRAIL α but no change in β expression. In contrast, vitamin D at 20 nM concentration suppressed the expression of both TRAIL α and β proteins. Consistently, vitamin D regulated TRAIL mRNA expression in HME-1 cells. Our results indicate that vitamin D status in mothers modulates TRAIL expression in breast milk, which may have implications for both mother and infant health.
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Lin JC, Tsao MF, Lin YJ. Differential Impacts of Alternative Splicing Networks on Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122097. [PMID: 27983653 PMCID: PMC5187897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis functions as a common mechanism to eliminate unnecessary or damaged cells during cell renewal and tissue development in multicellular organisms. More than 200 proteins constitute complex networks involved in apoptotic regulation. Imbalanced expressions of apoptosis-related factors frequently lead to malignant diseases. The biological functions of several apoptotic factors are manipulated through alternative splicing mechanisms which expand gene diversity by generating discrete variants from one messenger RNA precursor. It is widely observed that alternatively-spliced variants encoded from apoptosis-related genes exhibit differential effects on apoptotic regulation. Alternative splicing events are meticulously regulated by the interplay between trans-splicing factors and cis-responsive elements surrounding the regulated exons. The major focus of this review is to highlight recent studies that illustrate the influences of alternative splicing networks on apoptotic regulation which participates in diverse cellular processes and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Fen Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Kędzierska H, Popławski P, Hoser G, Rybicka B, Rodzik K, Sokół E, Bogusławska J, Tański Z, Fogtman A, Koblowska M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101598. [PMID: 27690003 PMCID: PMC5085631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2(SRSF2) belongs to the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of proteins that regulate alternative splicing. Previous studies suggested that SRSF2 can contribute to carcinogenic processes. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, highly aggressive and difficult to treat, mainly due to resistance to apoptosis. In this study we hypothesized that SRSF2 contributes to the regulation of apoptosis in ccRCC. Using tissue samples obtained from ccRCC patients, as well as independent validation on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we demonstrate for the first time that expression of SRSF2 is decreased in ccRCC tumours when compared to non-tumorous control tissues. Furthermore, by employing a panel of ccRCC-derived cell lines with silenced SRSF2 expression and qPCR arrays we show that SRSF2 contributes not only to splicing patterns but also to expression of multiple apoptotic genes, including new SRSF2 targets: DIABLO, BIRC5/survivin, TRAIL, BIM, MCL1, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF1B, CRADD, BCL2L2, BCL2A1, and TP53. We also identified a new splice variant of CFLAR, an inhibitor of caspase activity. These changes culminate in diminished caspase-9 activity and inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, we show for the first time that decreased expression of SRSF2 in ccRCC contributes to protection of cancer cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Sokół
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Tański
- Department of Urology, Regional Hospital, 07-410 Ostrołęka, Poland.
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Microgravity Induction of TRAIL Expression in Preosteoclast Cells Enhances Osteoclast Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25143. [PMID: 27142480 PMCID: PMC4855152 DOI: 10.1038/srep25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that astronauts experience significant bone loss in space. We previously showed that simulated microgravity (μXg) using the NASA developed rotary cell culture system (RCCS) enhanced bone resorbing osteoclast (OCL) differentiation. However, the mechanism by which μXg increases OCL formation is unclear. RANK/RANKL signaling pathway is critical for OCL differentiation. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to increase osteoclastogenesis. We hypothesize that TRAIL may play an important role in μXg enhanced OCL differentiation. In this study, we identified by RT profiler PCR array screening that μXg induces high levels of TRAIL expression in murine preosteoclast cells in the absence of RANKL stimulation compared to ground based (Xg) cultures. We further identified that μXg elevated the adaptor protein TRAF-6 and fusion genes OC-STAMP and DC-STAMP expression in preosteoclast cells. Interestingly, neutralizing antibody against TRAIL significantly reduced μXg induced OCL formation. We further identified that over-expression of pTRAIL in RAW 264.7 cells enhanced OCL differentiation. These results indicate that TRAIL signaling plays an important role in the μXg increased OCL differentiation. Therefore, inhibition of TRAIL expression could be an effective countermeasure for μXg induced bone loss.
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Major apoptotic mechanisms and genes involved in apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8471-86. [PMID: 27059734 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the cellular viability is important for the living organisms, the elimination of unnecessary or damaged cells has the opposite necessity for the maintenance of homeostasis in tissues, organs and the whole organism. Apoptosis, a type of cell death mechanism, is controlled by the interactions between several molecules and responsible for the elimination of unwanted cells from the body. Apoptosis can be triggered by intrinsically or extrinsically through death signals from the outside of the cell. Any abnormality in apoptosis process can cause various types of diseases from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Different gene families such as caspases, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 family of genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene superfamily, or p53 gene are involved and/or collaborate in the process of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the basic features of apoptosis and have focused on the gene families playing critical roles, activation/inactivation mechanisms, upstream/downstream effectors, and signaling pathways in apoptosis on the basis of cancer studies. In addition, novel apoptotic players such as miRNAs and sphingolipid family members in various kind of cancer are discussed.
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López-Gómez C, Oliver-Martos B, Pinto-Medel MJ, Suardiaz M, Reyes-Garrido V, Urbaneja P, Fernández Ó, Leyva L. TRAIL and TRAIL receptors splice variants during long-term interferon β treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis: evaluation as biomarkers for therapeutic response. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:130-7. [PMID: 25736057 PMCID: PMC4752633 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the effects of interferon β (IFNβ) treatment on the expression of the splice variants of the Tumour necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors in different cell subpopulations (CD14+, CD4+ and CD8+) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to determine whether this expression discriminated responders from non-responders to IFNβ therapy. METHODS We examined mRNA expression of the TRAIL and TRAIL receptors variants in patients with MS, at baseline and after one year of IFNβ therapy, according to responsiveness to this drug. RESULTS Long-term therapy with IFNβ increased the expression of TRAIL-α in T cell subsets exclusively from responders and decreased the expression of the isoform 2 of TRAILR-2 in monocytes from responders as well as non-responders. Lower expression of TRAIL-α, and higher expression of TRAIL-β in monocytes and T cells, was found before the onset of IFNβ therapy in patients who will subsequently become responders. Baseline expression of TRAILR-1 was also significantly higher in monocytes and CD4+ T cells from responders. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that long-term IFNβ treatment has a direct influence on TRAIL-α and TRAILR-2 isoform 2 expression. Besides, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the baseline expression of TRAIL-α in monocytes and T cells, and that of TRAILR-1 in monocytes and CD4+ T cells, showed a predictive value of the clinical response to IFNβ therapy, pointing to a role of TRAIL system in the mechanism of action of IFNβ in MS that will need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos López-Gómez
- Research Laboratory, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Oliver-Martos
- Research Laboratory, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Pinto-Medel
- Research Laboratory, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Margarita Suardiaz
- Research Laboratory, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Virginia Reyes-Garrido
- Department of Neurology, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Urbaneja
- Department of Neurology, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Óscar Fernández
- Department of Neurology, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Leyva
- Research Laboratory, UGCI Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga/Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Lento S, Brioschi M, Barcella S, Nasim MT, Ghilardi S, Barbieri SS, Tremoli E, Banfi C. Proteomics of tissue factor silencing in cardiomyocytic cells reveals a new role for this coagulation factor in splicing machinery control. J Proteomics 2015; 119:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The osteoprotegerin/tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand axis in the kidney. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 23:69-74. [PMID: 24247823 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000437611.42417.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily. TRAIL may modulate cell survival and proliferation through interaction with two different receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. The actions of TRAIL are regulated by three decoy receptors, TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4 and osteoprotegerin (OPG). There is evidence that both TRAIL and OPG are expressed by renal cells. The OPG/TRAIL axis has been recently linked to the pathogenesis of renal damage and, in particular, diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS In patients with kidney diseases, serum TRAIL and OPG levels are increased in parallel and are significantly associated with each other. In diabetic nephropathy, the renal expression of TRAIL and OPG is elevated, and in tubular cells proinflammatory cytokines enhance TRAIL expression. Additionally, a high-glucose microenvironment sensitizes tubular cells to apoptosis induced by TRAIL, whereas OPG counteracts the actions of TRAIL in cultured cells. SUMMARY It seems that the expression and levels of TRAIL and OPG at serum and kidney levels are crucial for the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, and in particular diabetic nephropathy. Although further studies are necessary to clarify the exact role of the OPG/TRAIL axis in the kidney, this system seems to hold promise to provide therapeutic approaches for the management of renal damage. VIDEO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE See the Video Supplementary Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/CONH/A5).
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Lin YC, Richburg JH. Characterization of the role of tumor necrosis factor apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in spermatogenesis through the evaluation of trail gene-deficient mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93926. [PMID: 24736722 PMCID: PMC3988040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL (TNFSF10/Apo2L) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins and is expressed in human and rodent testis. Although the functional role of TRAIL in spermatogenesis is not known, TRAIL is recognized to induce apoptosis via binding to its cognate receptors; DR4 (TRAIL-R1/TNFRSF10A) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2/TNFRSF10B). Here, we utilize Trail gene-deficient (Trail-/-) mice to evaluate the role of TRAIL in spermatogenesis by measuring testis weight, germ cell apoptosis, and spermatid head count at postnatal day (PND) 28 (pubertal) and PND 56 (adult). Trail-/- mice have significantly reduced testis to body weight ratios as compared to wild-type C57BL/6J at both ages. Also, Trail-/- mice (PND 28) show a dramatic increase in basal germ cell apoptotic index (AI, 16.77) as compared to C57BL/6J (3.5). In the testis of adult C57BL/6J mice, the AI was lower than in PND 28 C57BL/6J mice (2.2). However, in adult Trail-/- mice, the AI was still higher than that of controls (9.0); indicating a relative high incidence of germ cell apoptosis. Expression of cleaved caspase-8 (CC8) and cleaved caspase-9 (CC9) (markers of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway, respectively) revealed a two-fold increase in the activity of both pathways in adult Trail-/- mice compared to C57BL/6J. Spermatid head counts in adult Trail-/- mice were dramatically reduced by 54% compared to C57BL/6J, indicating these animals suffer a marked decline in the production of mature spermatozoa. Taken together, these findings indicate that TRAIL is an important signaling molecule for maintaining germ cell homeostasis and functional spermatogenesis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - John H. Richburg
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Center for Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cartland SP, Erlich JH, Kavurma MM. TRAIL deficiency contributes to diabetic nephropathy in fat-fed ApoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92952. [PMID: 24667560 PMCID: PMC3965481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is protective of diet-induced diabetes in mice. While TRAIL has been implicated in chronic kidney disease, its role in vivo in diabetic nephropathy is not clear. The present study investigated the role of TRAIL in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy using TRAIL-/-ApoE-/- mice. Methods TRAIL-/-ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- mice were fed a high fat diet for 20 w. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were assessed over 0, 5, 8 and 20 w. At 20 w, markers of kidney function including creatinine, phosphate, calcium and cystatin C were measured. Changes in mRNA expression of MMPs, TIMP-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were assessed in the kidney. Functional and histological changes in kidneys were examined. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Results TRAIL-/-ApoE-/- mice had significantly increased urine protein, urine protein:creatinine ratio, plasma phosphorous, and plasma cystatin C, with accelerated nephropathy. Histologically, increased extracellular matrix, mesangial expansion and mesangial cell proliferation in the glomeruli were observed. Moreover, TRAIL-/-ApoE-/- kidneys displayed loss of the brush border and disorganisation of tubular epithelium, with increased fibrosis. TRAIL-deficient kidneys also had increased expression of MMPs, TIMP-1, PAI-1, IL-1β and IL-18, markers of renal injury and inflammation. Compared with ApoE-/- mice, TRAIL-/-ApoE-/- mice displayed insulin resistance and type-2 diabetic features with reduced renal insulin-receptor expression. Conclusions Here, we show that TRAIL-deficiency in ApoE-/- mice exacerbates nephropathy and insulin resistance. Understanding TRAIL signalling in kidney disease and diabetes, may therefore lead to novel strategies for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P. Cartland
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan H. Erlich
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Harith HH, Morris MJ, Kavurma MM. On the TRAIL of obesity and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:578-87. [PMID: 23948591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been extensively studied for its preferential ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Beyond the cytotoxic capacity of TRAIL, new physiological and pathological roles for TRAIL have been identified, and there is now growing evidence supporting its involvement in the development of obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes the most recent findings associating TRAIL with obesity and diabetes in both humans and experimental settings. We also present and discuss some of the reported controversies behind TRAIL signaling and function. Understanding TRAIL mechanism(s) in vivo and its involvement in disease may lead to novel strategies to combat the growing pandemic of obesity and diabetes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanis H Harith
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400
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Azahri NSM, Kavurma MM. Transcriptional regulation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3617-29. [PMID: 23329170 PMCID: PMC11113472 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has dual functions mediating both apoptosis and survival of cells. This review focusses on the current regulatory factors that control TRAIL transcription. Here, we also highlight the role of distinct transcription factors that co-operate and regulate TRAIL in different pathological states. A better understanding of the molecular signalling pathways of TRAIL-induced cell death and survival in disease may lead to more sophisticated technologies for novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Saadah M. Azahri
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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15
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Krieg A, Mersch S, Wolf N, Stoecklein NH, Verde PE, am Esch JS, Heikaus S, Gabbert HE, Knoefel WT, Mahotka C. Expression of TRAIL-splice variants in gastric carcinomas: identification of TRAIL-γ as a prognostic marker. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:384. [PMID: 23937794 PMCID: PMC3751299 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the TNF-superfamily that induces apoptotic cell death in a wide range of neoplastic cells in vivo as well as in vitro. We identified two alternative TRAIL-splice variants, i.e. TRAIL-β and TRAIL-γ that are characterized by the loss of their proapoptotic properties. Herein, we investigated the expression and the prognostic values of the TRAIL-splice variants in gastric carcinomas. METHODS Real time PCR for amplification of the TRAIL-splice variants was performed in tumour tissue specimens and corresponding normal tissues of 41 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoma. Differences on mRNA-expression levels of the TRAIL-isoforms were compared to histo-pathological variables and correlated with survival data. RESULTS All three TRAIL-splice variants could be detected in both non-malignant and malignant tissues, irrespective of their histological staging, grading or tumour types. However, TRAIL-β exhibited a higher expression in normal gastric tissue. The proapoptotic TRAIL-α expression was increased in gastric carcinomas when compared to TRAIL-β and TRAIL-γ. In addition, overexpression of TRAIL-γ was associated with a significant higher survival rate. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that investigated the expression of TRAIL-splice variants in gastric carcinoma tissue samples. Thus, we provide first data that indicate a prognostic value for TRAIL-γ overexpression in this tumour entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery A, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Barrett CL, Schwab RB, Jung H, Crain B, Goff DJ, Jamieson CHM, Thistlethwaite PA, Harismendy O, Carson DA, Frazer KA. Transcriptome sequencing of tumor subpopulations reveals a spectrum of therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58714. [PMID: 23527012 PMCID: PMC3604164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only therapeutic options that exist for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) are standard radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to account for therapeutic resistance, suggesting that CSCs must be specifically targeted. Here, we analyze the transcriptome of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations by RNA-seq to identify new potential therapeutic strategies for SCC. Methods We sorted a SCC into CD133− and CD133+ subpopulations and then examined both by copy number analysis (CNA) and whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of 221 SCCs to determine the generality of our observations. Results Both subpopulations highly expressed numerous mRNA isoforms whose protein products are active drug targets for other cancers; 31 (25%) correspond to 18 genes under active investigation as mAb targets and an additional 4 (3%) are of therapeutic interest. Moreover, we found evidence that both subpopulations were proliferatively driven by very high levels of c-Myc and the TRAIL long isoform (TRAILL) and that normal apoptotic responses to high expression of these genes was prevented through high levels of Mcl-1L and Bcl-xL and c-FlipL—isoforms for which drugs are now in clinical development. SCC RNA-seq data (n = 221) from TCGA supported our findings. Our analysis is inconsistent with the CSC concept that most cells in a cancer have lost their proliferative potential. Furthermore, our study suggests how to target both the CSC and non-CSC subpopulations with one treatment strategy. Conclusions Our study is relevant to SCC in particular for it presents numerous potential options to standard therapy that target the entire tumor. In so doing, it demonstrates how transcriptome sequencing provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer propagating cells that, importantly, can be leveraged to identify new potential therapeutic options for cancers beyond what is possible with DNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/classification
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L. Barrett
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - HyunChul Jung
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ruirui K, Ray P, Yang M, Wen P, Zhu L, Liu J, Fushimi K, Kar A, Liu Y, He R, Kuo D, Wu JY. Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2013; 158:181-212. [PMID: 24222359 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31659-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is one of the most powerful mechanisms for generating functionally distinct products from a single genetic loci and for fine-tuning gene activities at the post-transcriptional level. Alternative splicing plays important roles in regulating genes critical for cell death. These cell death genes encode death ligands, cell surface death receptors, intracellular death regulators, signal transduction molecules, and death executor enzymes such as caspases and nucleases. Alternative splicing of these genes often leads to the formation of functionally different products, some of which have antagonistic effects that are either cell death-promoting or cell death-preventing. Differential alternative splicing can affect expression, subcellular distribution, and functional activities of the gene products. Molecular defects in splicing regulation of cell death genes have been associated with cancer development and resistance to treatment. Studies using molecular, biochemical, and systems-based approaches have begun to reveal mechanisms underlying the regulation of alternative splicing of cell death genes. Systematic studies have begun to uncover the multi-level interconnected networks that regulate alternative splicing. A global picture of the complex mechanisms that regulate cell death genes at the pre-mRNA splicing level has thus begun to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Ruirui
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Abstract
TRAIL is a member of the TNF superfamily that induces tumor-selective cell death by engaging the pro-apoptotic death receptors DR4 and DR5. The antitumor potential of the TRAIL pathway has been targeted by several therapeutic approaches including recombinant TRAIL and TRAIL-receptor agonist antibodies among others. Interest in sensitizing tumor cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis has driven investigations of TRAIL-receptor gene regulation, though regulation of the TRAIL gene has been less studied. Physiologically, TRAIL serves as a pro-apoptotic effector molecule in the immune surveillance of cancer that is conditionally expressed by immune cells upon stimulation via an interferon-response element that was identified in early studies of the TRAIL gene promoter. Here, we map the TRAIL gene promoter and review studies of TRAIL gene regulation that involve several modalities of gene regulation including transcription factors, epigenetics, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and functionally distinct isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Allen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
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Rodrigues R, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Peyrefitte CN. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-infected hepatocytes induce ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29712. [PMID: 22238639 PMCID: PMC3253088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed tick-borne member of the Nairovirus genus (Bunyaviridae) with a high mortality rate in humans. CCHFV induces a severe disease in infected patients that includes, among other symptoms, massive liver necrosis and failure. The interaction between liver cells and CCHFV is therefore important for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we described the in vitro CCHFV-infection and -replication in the hepatocyte cell line, Huh7, and the induced cellular and molecular response modulation. We found that CCHFV was able to infect and replicate to high titres and to induce a cytopathic effect (CPE). We also observed by flow cytometry and real time quantitative RT-PCR evidence of apoptosis, with the participation of the mitochondrial pathway. On the other hand, we showed that the replication of CCHFV in hepatocytes was able to interfere with the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Furthermore, we found in CCHFV-infected cells the over-expression of PUMA, Noxa and CHOP suggesting the crosstalk between the ER-stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. By ELISA, we observed an increase of IL-8 in response to viral replication; however apoptosis was shown to be independent from IL-8 secretion. When we compared the induced cellular response between CCHFV and DUGV, a mild or non-pathogenic Nairovirus for humans, we found that the most striking difference was the absence of CPE and apoptosis. Despite the XBP1 splicing and PERK gene expression induced by DUGV, no ER-stress and apoptosis crosstalk was observed. Overall, these results suggest that CCHFV is able to induce ER-stress, activate inflammatory mediators and modulate both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways of apoptosis in hepatocyte cells, which may, in part, explain the role of the liver in the pathogenesis of CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy Vernet
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe N. Peyrefitte
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Unité de Virologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France
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Malyszko J, Przybylowski P, Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand is a marker of kidney function and inflammation in heart and kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1877-80. [PMID: 21693293 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was originally identified as the third member of the TNF superfamily to induce apoptosis. TRAIL is normally expressed in many human tissues including kidney. Circulating soluble TRAIL is a negative marker for inflammation and is inversely associated with the mortality risk in chronic kidney disease patients. One increasingly prevalent complication in heart transplant recipients appears to be chronic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of the study was to assess TRAIL concentration in 136 heart transplant recipients and 80 prevalent kidney allograft recipients in relation to kidney function. Complete blood count, urea, serum lipids, fasting glucose, creatinine, NT-proBNP were studied. Soluble TRAIL, hsCR P, interleukin-6 (IL-6), von willebrand factor (vWF) were assayed using commercially available kits. RESULTS Heart transplant recipients had significantly higher serum creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, white blood cell count, serum TRAIL and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate than the control group. Similar results were obtained for kidney allograft recipients. Serum TRAIL levels fell, together with decline in glomerular filtration rate in heart transplant patients. Serum TRAIL was related to age, kidney function, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, NT-proBNP, New York Heart Association class, presence of diabetes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), IL-6, and ejection fraction. Age and HDL turn out to be predictors of TRAIL in heart transplant recipients. In kidney transplant recipients, TRAIL was related, in univariate analysis, to age, NT-proBNP, time after transplantation, kidney function, and vWF. In multiple regression analysis, predictors of TRAIL were vWF and time after transplantation. CONCLUSION TRAIL may represent a surrogate marker of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis as these processes are accelerated in heart and kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
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Wang P, Lu Y, Li C, Li N, Yu P, Ma D. Novel transcript variants of TRAIL show different activities in activation of NF-κB and apoptosis. Life Sci 2011; 89:839-46. [PMID: 21952139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has many transcript variants, but whether they possess distinct function is not completely known. In the present study, we compared the function of these TRAIL variants. MAIN METHODS A bioinformatics analysis was performed to examine potential TRAIL variants. For the functional study, over-expression of TRAIL isoforms was used to examine their NF-κB inducing and apoptotic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Moreover, soluble TRAIL E4 variant protein was expressed and purified in prokaryotic cells, and was used for apoptotic assay. KEY FINDINGS We cloned seven truncated TRAIL variants, designated as AK, E2, E3, E4, DA, BX424, and BX439. In comparison with the wild type TRAIL protein expressed from full-length RefSeq, over-expression of all these TRAIL variants activated NF-κB and its targeting genes in human cells at varying degrees. Some isoforms including BX424, DA and E4 even showed NF-κB, IL8, CCL4 and CCL20 promoter activating activity stronger than the wild type protein. All truncated variant proteins had no toxicity to normal human cells, similar to the wild type protein; however, they all failed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells that are sensitive to TRAIL. Recombinant soluble TRAIL E4 protein also failed to antagonize TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Truncated TRAIL variant proteins lost apoptotic activity but retained or even enhanced the NF-κB activating potentials, these results suggest that TRAIL variants may play roles in non-apoptotic cellular processes that are more important than we previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhang Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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TNF superfamily: a growing saga of kidney injury modulators. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20953353 PMCID: PMC2952810 DOI: 10.1155/2010/182958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the TNF superfamily participate in kidney disease. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Fas ligand regulate renal cell survival and inflammation, and therapeutic targeting improves the outcome of experimental renal injury. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL and its potential decoy receptor osteoprotegerin are the two most upregulated death-related genes in human diabetic nephropathy. TRAIL activates NF-kappaB in tubular cells and promotes apoptosis in tubular cells and podocytes, especially in a high-glucose environment. By contrast, osteoprotegerin plays a protective role against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Another family member, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK induces inflammation and tubular cell death or proliferation, depending on the microenvironment. While TNF only activates canonical NF-kappaB signaling, TWEAK promotes both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB activation in tubular cells, regulating different inflammatory responses. TWEAK promotes the secretion of MCP-1 and RANTES through NF-kappaB RelA-containing complexes and upregulates CCl21 and CCL19 expression through NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK-) dependent RelB/NF-kappaB2 complexes. In vivo TWEAK promotes postnephrectomy compensatory renal cell proliferation in a noninflammatory milieu. However, in the inflammatory milieu of acute kidney injury, TWEAK promotes tubular cell death and inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of TNF superfamily cytokines, including multipronged approaches targeting several cytokines should be further explored.
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Cummins N, Badley A. The TRAIL to viral pathogenesis: the good, the bad and the ugly. Curr Mol Med 2009; 9:495-505. [PMID: 19519406 DOI: 10.2174/156652409788167078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) in 1995, much has been learned about the protein, its receptors and signaling cascade to induce apoptosis and the regulation of its expression. However, the physiologic role or roles that TRAIL may play in vivo are still being explored. The expression of TRAIL on effector T cells and the ability of TRAIL to induce apoptosis in virally infected cells provided early clues that TRAIL may play an active role in the immune defense against viral infections. However, increasing evidence is emerging that TRAIL may have a dual function in the immune system, both as a means to kill virally infected cells and in the regulation of cytokine production. TRAIL has been implicated in the immune response to viral infections (good), and in the pathogenesis of multiple viral infections (bad). Furthermore, several viruses have evolved mechanisms to manipulate TRAIL signaling to increase viral replication (ugly). It is likely that whether TRAIL ultimately has a proviral or antiviral effect will be dependent on the specific virus and the overall cytokine milieu of the host. Knowledge of the factors that determine whether TRAIL is proviral or antiviral is important because the TRAIL system may become a target for development of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cummins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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Krieg A, Le Negrate G, Reed JC. RIP2-β: A novel alternative mRNA splice variant of the receptor interacting protein kinase RIP2. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cisplatin-mediated sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in human granulosa tumor cells. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 108:632-40. [PMID: 18191995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of combinatorial treatment using cisplatin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis including ligand (TRAIL) to promote apoptosis in granulosa cell tumor (GCT) lines, in vitro. METHODS Two human GCT lines (COV434 and KGN) were treated with cisplatin or TRAIL, alone or in combination. The cytotoxic effects of each treatment were evaluated using a methyl tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay. Initiation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was verified by PARP- and FLIP-cleavage. Overexpression and knockdown studies were conducted to evaluate the role of p53 in TRAIL-induced cell death. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression analysis of the TRAIL receptor dr5 and the pro-apoptotic bax following treatment with cisplatin. RESULTS Treatment with TRAIL (100-200 ng/ml) led to a slight, but significant, loss of cell viability following an 18-h culture. This effect was enhanced following pre-treatment with cisplatin (25 microM) for 2 or 18 h. Moreover, pre-treatment with cisplatin decreased the maximal effective dose of TRAIL from 100 ng/ml to as low as 3 ng/ml in both cell lines. GCT lines overexpressing or deficient in p53 were used to determine the requirement for p53 on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. While the level of p53 expression enhanced both the death-inducing and TRAIL-sensitizing effects of cisplatin, TRAIL-induced cell death was found to occur independent of p53. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the efficacy of cisplatin in GCT cells can be enhanced through combinatorial treatment with TRAIL. This result is due to both p53-dependent (cisplatin) and -independent (TRAIL) mechanisms. Combinatorial treatment of GCTs with cisplatin and TRAIL may provide an efficacious addition to cisplatin-based regimens.
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Simons MP, Leidal KG, Nauseef WM, Griffith TS. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed throughout myeloid development, resulting in a broad distribution among neutrophil granules. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 83:621-9. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0707452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kikuchi S, Nagai T, Kunitama M, Kirito K, Ozawa K, Komatsu N. Active FKHRL1 overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived cell lines via the production of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:1949-58. [PMID: 17900262 PMCID: PMC11158645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 08/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FKHRL1 (also called FOXO3a) is a member of the Forkhead Box, class O (FOXO) subfamily of forkhead transcription factors and functions downstream of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase as a phosphorylated inactive form in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib induces cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis via the conversion of FKHRL1 from the phosphorylated inactive form to the dephosphorylated active form in CML-derived cell lines. In the present study, we examined whether active FKHRL1 can overcome resistance to imatinib. To this end, we generated a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible active FKHRL1 (FKHRL1-TM; a triple mutant of FKHRL1 in which all three Akt phosphorylation sites have been mutated)-estrogen receptor fusion protein expression system in CML-derived imatinib-resistant cell lines. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen inhibited cell growth and cell cycle progression, and subsequently induced apoptosis, accompanied by upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Thus, active FKHRL1 antagonized deregulated proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cell lines. In addition, imatinib-resistant cells underwent apoptosis after transfection with full-length TRAIL cDNA. Collectively, our results suggest that active FKHRL1 can overcome imatinib resistance in CML cells, in part via TRAIL production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kikuchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
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Kamachi M, Aramaki T, Tanimura S, Ichinose K, Fujikawa K, Iwamoto N, Yoshizaki A, Ida H, Kawakami A, Kohno M, Eguchi K. Activation of protein phosphatase causes alternative splicing of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL): potential effect on immune surveillance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:280-5. [PMID: 17583676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the TNF superfamily of proteins. It is highly expressed on natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and monocytes after stimulation, and plays a critical role in immune surveillance. Two splice variants of TRAIL were identified recently that show no proapoptotic activity. Phosphorylation level in splicing factors, serine-arginine-rich (SR) and heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) govern the mRNA splicing of several apoptosis-related genes. We characterized the apoptotic stimuli-mediated alternative splicing pattern of TRAIL and investigated the possible underlying mechanism of alternative splicing. Etoposide and cycloheximide induced alternative splicing, whereas staurosporine (a broad kinase inhibitor) blocked both constitutive and alternative splicing. De novo ceramide synthesis and subsequent protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) activation enhanced the alternative splicing, as did TNF-alpha but not interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulation. We demonstrated that TRAIL alters gene expression through mRNA splicing and may change proapoptotic potential in response to cytokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kamachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Krieg A, Schulte am Esch J, Ramp U, Hosch SB, Knoefel WT, Gabbert HE, Mahotka C. TRAIL-R4-β: A new splice variant of TRAIL-receptor 4 lacking the cysteine rich domain 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:115-21. [PMID: 16934748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional modification by alternative splicing is known to be involved in the regulation of programmed cell death. Recently, alternative splice variants of the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL/APO2L) and of the death receptor TRAIL-R2/DR5 have been identified. In this study, we report the identification of a novel alternative splice variant of the decoy receptor with a truncated death domain TRAIL-R4 lacking exon 3, which we designated TRAIL-R4-beta. As revealed by BLAST search we identified the genomic organisation of the TRAIL-R4 gene which consists of 9 exons. Loss of exon 3 resulted in the truncation of the first complete cysteine rich domain 1 which is known to be involved in ligand-receptor-complex. In conclusion, alternative splicing might be involved in functional fine-tuning of TRAIL-induced programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krieg
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany
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