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Kaushal JB, Raut P, Muniyan S, Siddiqui JA, Alsafwani ZW, Seshacharyulu P, Nair SS, Tewari AK, Batra SK. Racial disparity in prostate cancer: an outlook in genetic and molecular landscape. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10193-8. [PMID: 38902476 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates are significantly impacted by racial disparities. Despite innovative therapeutic approaches and advancements in prevention, men of African American (AA) ancestry are at a higher risk of developing PCa and have a more aggressive and metastatic form of the disease at the time of initial PCa diagnosis than other races. Research on PCa has underlined the biological and molecular basis of racial disparity and emphasized the genetic aspect as the fundamental component of racial inequality. Furthermore, the lower enrollment rate, limited access to national-level cancer facilities, and deferred treatment of AA men and other minorities are hurdles in improving the outcomes of PCa patients. This review provides the most up-to-date information on various biological and molecular contributing factors, such as the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mutational spectrum, altered chromosomal loci, differential gene expression, transcriptome analysis, epigenetic factors, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immune modulation of PCa racial disparities. This review also highlights future research avenues to explore the underlying biological factors contributing to PCa disparities, particularly in men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Zahraa W Alsafwani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Sujit S Nair
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology and the Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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Zhang J, Ma F, Li Z, Li Y, Sun X, Song M, Yang F, Wu E, Wei X, Wang Z, Yang L. NFKB2 mediates colorectal cancer cell immune escape and metastasis in a STAT2/PD‐L1‐dependent manner. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e521. [PMID: 38660687 PMCID: PMC11042535 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the molecular mechanism and function of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the potential of NFKB2 as a therapeutic target for CRC. Various experimental techniques, including RNA sequencing, proteome chip assays, and small molecule analysis, were used to obtain a deeper understanding of the regulation of NFKB2 in CRC. The results revealed that NFKB2 was upregulated in a significant proportion of patients with advanced hepatic metastasis of CRC. NFKB2 played an important role in promoting tumor growth through CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Moreover, NFKB2 directly interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), leading to increased phosphorylation of STAT2 and the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Applying a small molecule inhibitor of NFKB2 (Rg5) led to a reduction in PD-L1 expression and improved response to programmed death-1 blockade-based immunotherapy. In conclusion, the facilitated NFKB2-STAT2/PD-L1 axis may suppress immune surveillance in CRC and targeting NFKB2 may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of NFKB2 in CRC immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhe Li
- Academy of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xun Sun
- Gastrointestinal SurgeryLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingxu Song
- Human Reproductive and Genetic CenterAffiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Enjiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese MedicinesThe MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese MedicinesInstitute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Nagano R, Nakako Y, Fujii S, Kawano S, Maeda H, Kiyoshima T. The IL-1β-p65 axis stimulates quiescent odontogenic epithelial cell rests via TGF-β signalling to promote cell proliferation of the lining epithelia in radicular cysts: A laboratory investigation. Int Endod J 2024; 57:344-354. [PMID: 38204205 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM Cyst formation of the jaws is frequently accompanied by the proliferation of odontogenic epithelial cells located in the periodontal ligament (PDL), which consists of heterozygous cells and includes the most fibroblasts. The lining epithelium of radicular cyst, an odontogenic cyst of inflammatory origin, is derived from the proliferation of the remnants of the Hertwig epithelial root sheath (odontogenic epithelial cell rests of Malassez; ERMs) in the PDL. ERMs are maintained at a lower proliferative state under physiological conditions, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the inflammation-dependent enhanced-proliferative capabilities of ERMs are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cytokine pathway association between TGF-β signalling and IL-1β signalling on the regulation of odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation using radicular cyst pathological specimens and odontogenic epithelial cell lines. METHODOLOGY Immunofluorescence analyses were performed to clarify the expression levels of Smad2/3 and Ki-67 in ERMs of 8-week-old mouse molar specimens. In radicular cyst (n = 52) and dentigerous cysts (n = 6) specimens from human patients, the expression of p65 (a main subunit of NF-κB), Smad2/3 and Ki-67 were investigated using immunohistochemical analyses. Odontogenic epithelial cells and PDL fibroblastic cells were co-cultured with or without an inhibitor or siRNAs. Odontogenic epithelial cells were cultured with or without TGF-β1 and IL-1β. The proliferative capabilities and Smad2 phosphorylation levels of odontogenic epithelial cells were examined. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, Smad2/3-positivity was increased, and p65-positivity and Ki-67-positivity were decreased both in ERMs and in the epithelial cells in dentigerous cysts, a non-inflammatory developmental cyst. In contrast, p65-positive cells, along with the expression of Ki-67, were increased and Smad2/3-positive cells were decreased in the lining epithelia of radicular cysts. Co-culture experiments with odontogenic epithelial cells and PDL fibroblastic cells revealed that PDL cells-derived TGF-β1/2 and their downstream signalling suppressed odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation. Moreover, TGF-β1 stimulation induced Smad2 phosphorylation and suppressed odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, while IL-1β stimulation reversed these phenotypes through p65 transactivation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-1β-p65 signalling promotes odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation through suppressing TGF-β-Smad2 signalling, which would be involved in the pathogenesis of radicular cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Nagano
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakako
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Precision Medicine and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Detection and Treatment of Cancer: Highlights from the 58th IACR Annual Conference. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246213. [PMID: 36551698 PMCID: PMC9777219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation in both detection and treatment of cancer is necessary for the constant improvement in therapeutic strategies, especially in patients with novel or resistant variants of cancer. Cancer mortality rates have declined by almost 30% since 1991, however, depending on the cancer type, acquired resistance can occur to varying degrees. To combat this, researchers are looking towards advancing our understanding of cancer biology, in order to inform early detection, and guide novel therapeutic approaches. Through combination of these approaches, it is believed that a more complete and thorough intervention on cancer can be achieved. Here, we will discuss the advances and approaches in both detection and treatment of cancer, presented at the 58th Irish Association for Cancer Research (IACR) annual conference.
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King L, Bernaitis N, Christie D, Chess-Williams R, Sellers D, McDermott C, Dare W, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Drivers of Radioresistance in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195637. [PMID: 36233505 PMCID: PMC9573022 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy remains one of the first-line treatments in localised disease and may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments such as androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy. Despite advancements in delivery methods and techniques, radiotherapy has been unable to totally overcome radioresistance resulting in treatment failure or recurrence of previously treated PCa. Various factors have been linked to the development of tumour radioresistance including abnormal tumour vasculature, oxygen depletion, glucose and energy deprivation, changes in gene expression and proteome alterations. Understanding the biological mechanisms behind radioresistance is essential in the development of therapies that are able to produce both initial and sustained response to radiotherapy. This review will investigate the different biological mechanisms utilised by PCa tumours to drive radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam King
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Nijole Bernaitis
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
| | - David Christie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- GenesisCare, Gold Coast, QLD 4224, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Donna Sellers
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
| | - Wendy Dare
- Ramsay Pharmacy Group, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)-7-5552-7725
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Kloping YP, Hakim L. Prostate Cancer Microbiome: A Narrative Review of What We Know So Far. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-022-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Javier-DesLoges J, McKay RR, Swafford AD, Sepich-Poore GD, Knight R, Parsons JK. The microbiome and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:159-164. [PMID: 34267333 PMCID: PMC8767983 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the microbiome is involved in development and treatment of many human diseases, including prostate cancer. There are several potential pathways for microbiome-based mechanisms for the development of prostate cancer: direct impacts of microbes or microbial products in the prostate or the urine, and indirect impacts from microbes or microbial products in the gastrointestinal tract. Unique microbial signatures have been identified within the stool, oral cavity, tissue, urine, and blood of prostate cancer patients, but studies vary in their findings. Recent studies describe potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the microbiome, but further clinical investigation is needed. In this review, we explore the existing literature on the discovery of the human microbiome and its relationship to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana R McKay
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hasanzadeh F, Ghafouri H, Ahmadi S, Zarei S, Aghamaali MR, Mohammadi A. Inhibition of NF-кB Expression in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells by a Thiazolidinone Derivative (TZDOCH 2CH 3). AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2021.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, various derivatives of thiazolidinone in a variety of cell lines have been investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and inhibitory effects of a thiazolidinone derivative called 5-(2,4-bis-4-ethoxy-phenyl azo)-3-hydroxy-benzylidine)-2,4-thiazolidinone (TZD-OCH2CH3) on the expression of NF-кB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Different concentrations of the MTT assay(0-120 μg/mL) were performed to estimate the biological rate of the cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TZD-OCH2CH3-treated RAW264.7 cells was found to be 115 μg/mL. To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compound on the expression changes of NF-кB, the RAW264.7cells were initially induced with LPS and then treated by 15, 30 and 60 μg/mL of TZD-OCH2CH3. Realtime PCR results confirmed a strong inhibitory effect of TZD-OCH2CH3 on the expression of NF-кB inLPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 48 μg/mL). Overall, these findings suggested that the derivative TZDOCH2CH3 had a significant anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Hasanzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Salman Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sevda Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Seonu SY, Kim MJ, Yin J, Lee MW. Alnus sibirica Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and GSTP1 Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133830. [PMID: 34201712 PMCID: PMC8270241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alnus sibirica (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin (1), hirsutenone (2), and hirsutanonol (3), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds (1–3) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone (2) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin (1) and hirsutanonol (3). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone (2), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone (2), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min-Won Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5602; Fax: +82-2-822-7338
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Madboli AENA, Seif MM. Immunohistochemical, histopathological, and biochemical studies of the NF-ҡB P65 marker in rat ovaries experimentally intoxicated by cadmium and the protective effect of the purslane plant extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17613-17626. [PMID: 33400125 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the existence of the inflammatory marker nuclear factor kappa light chain B lymphocyte protein (NF-ҡB P65) in the tissue as a response to cadmium (CdCl2) toxicity. Next is to describe the disappearance of the NF-ҡB P65 in response to the purslane plant treatment to explore its anti-inflammatory effect, also describing the histopathological and biochemical changes that occurred from CdCl2 toxicity and the purslane plant tissue protections. There are four experimental groups, 32 rats (n = 8) intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2 and orally administered with purslane plant extract (according to groups) for 30 days: group one (control), group two (purslane extract 2 g/kg bw), group three (CdCl2 3.5 mg/kg bw), group four (CdCl2 3.5 mg/kg bw + purslane plant extract 2 g/kg bw). The biochemical findings showed that ovaries and brain tissue homogenates in group three showed malondialdehyde increase and reduction in catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholine esterase. A reduction in serum LH, FSH, and estradiol were also recorded. These parameters became normal in group four. The histopathological findings exhibited that group three showed ovarian and cerebral hemorrhage and lung pneumonia. Tissues of group four were protected and no pathological lesions were detected. The immunohistochemical results showed that the inflammatory marker NF-ҡB P65 in group three was strongly detected in the spleen and moderately detected in the ovaries, brain, and lung but negatively detected in the tissues of group four. In conclusion, CdCl2 induced ovarian toxicity and the NF-ҡB P65 existence was increased. Purslane plant protected rats from CdCl2 toxicity and decrease NF-ҡB P65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Nasser A Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Seif
- Department of Toxicology and Food Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Antonacopoulou A, Kottorou AE, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Marousi S, Kalofonou F, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Tzelepi V, Kalofonos HP. NF-κB2 and RELB offer prognostic information in colorectal cancer and NFKB2 rs7897947 represents a genetic risk factor for disease development. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100912. [PMID: 33074124 PMCID: PMC7568186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays an important role in immune responses and cancer development and progression. We have focused on NF-κB2 and RELB of the alternative pathway of NF-κB, which remains largely underexplored in colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that NF-κB2 and RELB protein levels were upregulated in tumour and surrounding stromal tissue compared to distant non-neoplastic tissue (NN) and associated stroma (p<0.001 in all associations). Moreover, low RELB protein expression was associated with decreased overall survival (p = 0.032). Lower RELB gene expression levels were observed in tumour compared to NN tissue (p = 0.003) and were associated with shorter time to progression (TTP) (p = 0.025). NF-κB2 gene expression levels were similar in tumour and NN tissue, but higher tumour levels were prognostic for improved survival (p = 0.038) and TTP (p<0.001). We also assessed the significance of two NF-κB2 genetic polymorphisms, rs12769316 and rs7897947. Both polymorphisms were associated with lymph node infiltration (p = 0.045 and p = 0.009, respectively). In addition, rs12769316 AA homozygotes relapsed less often compared to G allele carriers (p = 0.029). Moreover, rs7897947 allele frequencies differed significantly between CRC patients and healthy controls (p<0.001) and the minor allele (G) was associated with reduced risk for developing CRC (p<0.001, OR: 0.527, 95% CI: 0.387-0.717). In conclusion, the alternative NF-κB pathway appears deregulated in CRC. Moreover, NF-κB2 and RELB expression levels seem to be significant for the clinical outcome of CRC patients and rs7897947 appears to be a risk factor for CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Antonacopoulou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Foteinos-Ioannis Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stella Marousi
- "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital of Athens, Neurology Department, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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13
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Harshman LC, Wang XV, Hamid AA, Santone G, Drake CG, Carducci MA, DiPaola RS, Fichorova RN, Sweeney CJ. Impact of baseline serum IL-8 on metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer outcomes in the Phase 3 CHAARTED trial (E3805). Prostate 2020; 80:1429-1437. [PMID: 32949185 PMCID: PMC7606809 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin- 8 (IL-8), produced by tumor cells and some myeloid cells, promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In our discovery work, elevated serum IL-8 at androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initiation portended worse overall survival (OS). Leveraging serum samples from the phase 3 CHAARTED trial of patients treated with ADT +/- docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), we validated these findings. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-three patients had serum samples drawn within 28 days of ADT initiation. The samples were assayed using the same Mesoscale Multiplex ELISA platform employed in the discovery cohort. After adjusting for performance status, disease volume, and de novo/metachronous metastases, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between IL-8 as continuous and binary variables on OS and time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The median IL-8 level (9.3 pg/ml) was the a priori binary cutpoint. Fixed-effects meta-analyses of the discovery and validation sets were performed. RESULTS Higher IL-8 levels were prognostic for shorter OS (continuous: hazard ratio [HR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.6, p = .001; binary >9.3: HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4, p = .007) and time to CRPC (continuous: HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6-3.3, p < .001; binary: HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5, p < .001) and independent of docetaxel use, disease burden, and time of metastases. Meta-analysis including the discovery cohort, also showed that binary IL-8 levels >9.3 pg/ml from patients treated with ADT alone was prognostic for poorer OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.7, p = .007) and shorter time to CRPC (HR 1.4, 95% CI: 0.99-1.9, p = .057). CONCLUSIONS In the phase 3 CHAARTED study of men with mHSPC at ADT initiation, elevated IL-8 portended worse survival and shorter time to castration-resistant prostate cancer independent of docetaxel administration, metastatic burden, and metachronous versus de novo metastatic presentation. These findings support targeting IL-8 as a strategy to improve mHSPC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | - X. Victoria Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Data Sciences Boston, MA
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | | | - Charles G. Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
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14
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Montes M, MacKenzie L, McAllister MJ, Roseweir A, McCall P, Hatziieremia S, Underwood MA, Boyd M, Paul A, Plevin R, MacKay SP, Edwards J. Determining the prognostic significance of IKKα in prostate cancer. Prostate 2020; 80:1188-1202. [PMID: 33258506 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains poor, and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways play key roles in prostate cancer (PC) progression, several studies have focused on inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through generating inhibitory κB kinase subunit α (IKKα) small molecule inhibitors. However, the identification of prognostic markers able to discriminate which patients could benefit from IKKα inhibitors is urgently required. The present study investigated the prognostic value of IKKα, IKKα phosphorylated at serine 180 (p-IKKα S180) and threonine 23 (p-IKKα T23), and their relationship with the androgen receptor (AR) and Ki67 proliferation index to predict patient outcome. METHODS A cohort of 115 patients with hormone-naïve PC (HNPC) and CRPC specimens available were used to assess tumor cell expression of proteins within both the cytoplasm and the nucleus by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels were dichotomized (low vs high) to determine the associations between IKKα, AR, Ki67, and patients'Isurvival. In addition, an analysis was performed to assess potential IKKα associations with clinicopathological and inflammatory features, and potential IKKα correlations with other cancer pathways essential for CRPC growth. RESULTS High levels of cytoplasmic IKKα were associated with a higher cancer-specific survival in HNPC patients with low AR expression (hazards ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] log-rank, 0.11-0.98; P = .04). Furthermore, nuclear IKKα (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.27-5.33; P = .01) and cytoplasmic p-IKKα S180 (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.17-3.76; P = .01) were associated with a lower time to death from recurrence in patients with CRPC. In addition, high IKKα expression was associated with high levels of T-cells (CD3+ P = .01 and CD8+ P = .03) in HNPC; however, under castration conditions, high IKKα expression was associated with high levels of CD68+ macrophages (P = .04), higher Gleason score (P = .01) and more prostate-specific antigen concentration (P = .03). Finally, we identified crosstalk between IKKα and members of the canonical NF-κB pathway in the nucleus of HNPC. Otherwise, IKKα phosphorylated by noncanonical NF-κB and Akt pathways correlated with members of the canonical NF-κB pathway in CRPC. CONCLUSION The present study reports that patients with CRPC expressing high levels of nuclear IKKα or cytoplasmic p-IKKα S180, which associated with a lower time to death from recurrence, may benefit from IKKα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Montes
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lewis MacKenzie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Milly J McAllister
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonia Roseweir
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pamela McCall
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sophia Hatziieremia
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie Boyd
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon P MacKay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Gastrointestinal and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Hufnagel DH, Wilson AJ, Saxon J, Blackwell TS, Watkins J, Khabele D, Crispens MA, Yull FE, Beeghly-Fadiel A. Expression of p52, a non-canonical NF-kappaB transcription factor, is associated with poor ovarian cancer prognosis. Biomark Res 2020; 8:45. [PMID: 32974032 PMCID: PMC7493985 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The canonical and non-canonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways have key roles in cancer, but studies have previously evaluated only the association of canonical transcription factors and ovarian cancer survival. Although a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated mechanisms by which non-canonical NF-κB signaling potentially contributes to ovarian cancer progression, a prognostic association has yet to be shown in the clinical context. METHODS We assayed p65 and p52 (major components of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways) by immunohistochemistry in epithelial ovarian tumor samples; nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were semi-quantified by H-scores and dichotomized at median values. Associations of p65 and p52 with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were quantified by Hazard Ratios (HR) from proportional-hazards regression. RESULTS Among 196 cases, median p52 and p65 H-scores were higher in high-grade serous cancers. Multivariable regression models indicated that higher p52 was associated with higher hazards of disease progression (cytoplasmic HR: 1.54; nuclear HR: 1.67) and death (cytoplasmic HR: 1.53; nuclear HR: 1.49), while higher nuclear p65 was associated with only a higher hazard of disease progression (HR: 1.40) in unadjusted models. When cytoplasmic and nuclear staining were combined, p52 remained significantly associated with increased hazards of disease progression (HR: 1.91, p = 0.004) and death (HR: 1.70, p = 0.021), even after adjustment for p65 and in analyses among only high-grade serous tumors. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that p52, a major component of non-canonical NF-κB signaling, may be an independent prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Approaches to inhibit non-canonical NF-κB signaling should be explored as novel ovarian cancer therapies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Jamie Saxon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Jaclyn Watkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Marta A. Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Fiona E. Yull
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
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16
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Significance of nuclear factor - kappa beta activation on prostate needle biopsy samples in the evaluation of Gleason score 6 prostatic carcinoma indolence. Radiol Oncol 2020; 54:194-200. [PMID: 32324163 PMCID: PMC7276643 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of our study was to find out whether the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) p65 in biopsy samples with Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 (GS 6) can be a negative predictive factor for Prostate cancer (PCa) indolence. Patients and methods Study was conducted on a retrospective cohort of 123 PCa patients with initial total PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml, number of needle biopsy specimens ≥ 8, GS 6 on biopsy and T1/T2 estimated clinical stage who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and whose archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate needle biopsy specimens were used for additional immunohistochemistry staining for detection of NF-κB p65. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-κB p65 expression in biopsy cores with PCa were correlated with postoperative pathological stage, positive surgical margins, GS and biochemical progression of disease. Results After follow-up of 66 months, biochemical progression (PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/ml) occurred in 6 (5.1%) patients, 3 (50%) with GS 6 and 3 (50%) with GS 7 after radical prostatectomy. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-κB p65 expressions were not significantly associated with pathological stage, positive surgical margin and postoperative GS. Patients with positive cytoplasmic NF-kB reaction had significantly more frequent biochemical progression than those with negative cytoplasmic NF-kB reaction with PSA 0.2 ng/ml as cutoff point (p = 0.015) and a trend towards more biochemical progression with PSA ≥ 0.05 ng/ml as cutoff point (p = 0.068). Conclusions Cytoplasmic expression of NF-κB is associated with more biochemical progression and might be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS), but further studies including larger patient cohorts are needed to confirm these initial results.
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17
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NF-κB signaling promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107538. [PMID: 32201312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is primarily composed of Androgen Receptor-positive (AR+) luminal cells that require AR transcriptional activity for survival and proliferation. As a consequence, androgen deprivation and anti-androgens are used to treat PCa patients whose disease progresses following attempted surgical or radiation interventions. Unfortunately, patients with advanced PCa can develop incurable castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) due to mutated, variant, or overexpressed AR. Conversely, low or no AR accumulation or activity can also underlie castration resistance. Whether CRPCa is due to aberrant AR activity or AR independence, NF-κB signaling is also implicated in the initiation and maintenance of CRPCa and, thus, the NF-κB pathway may be a promising alternative therapeutic target. In this review, we present evidence that NF-κB signaling promotes CRPCa initiation and progression, describe the dichotomic role of NF-κB in the regulation of AR expression and activity and outline studies that explore NF-κB inhibitors as PCa therapies.
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18
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Abd. Wahab NA, H. Lajis N, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32131560 PMCID: PMC7146610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease and ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. The global burden of PCa keeps rising regardless of the emerging cutting-edge technologies for treatment and drug designation. There are a number of treatment options which are effectively treating localised and androgen-dependent PCa (ADPC) through hormonal and surgery treatments. However, over time, these cancerous cells progress to androgen-independent PCa (AIPC) which continuously grow despite hormone depletion. At this particular stage, androgen depletion therapy (ADT) is no longer effective as these cancerous cells are rendered hormone-insensitive and capable of growing in the absence of androgen. AIPC is a lethal type of disease which leads to poor prognosis and is a major contributor to PCa death rates. A natural product-derived compound, curcumin has been identified as a pleiotropic compound which capable of influencing and modulating a diverse range of molecular targets and signalling pathways in order to exhibit its medicinal properties. Due to such multi-targeted behaviour, its benefits are paramount in combating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and cancer disease. Curcumin exhibits anti-cancer properties by suppressing cancer cells growth and survival, inflammation, invasion, cell proliferation as well as possesses the ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of curcumin by modulating multiple signalling pathways such as androgen receptor (AR) signalling, activating protein-1 (AP-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/the serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless (Wnt)/ß-catenin signalling, and molecular targets including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclin D1 which are implicated in the development and progression of both types of PCa, ADPC and AIPC. In addition, the role of microRNAs and clinical trials on the anti-cancer effects of curcumin in PCa patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azwa Abd. Wahab
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
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19
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Wang X, Fang Y, Sun W, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Wei X, Ding X, Xu Y. Endocrinotherapy resistance of prostate and breast cancer: Importance of the NF‑κB pathway (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1064-1074. [PMID: 32319568 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) are two common sex hormone‑related cancer types with high rates of morbidity, and are leading causes of cancer death globally in men and women, respectively. The biological function of androgen or estrogen is a key factor for PCa or BCa tumorigenesis, respectively. Nevertheless, after hormone deprivation therapy, the majority of patients ultimately develop hormone‑independent malignancies that are resistant to endocrinotherapy. It is widely recognized, therefore, that understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process from hormone dependence towards hormone independence is critical to discover molecular targets for the control of advanced PCa and BCa. This review aimed to dissect the important mechanisms involved in the therapeutic resistance of PCa and BCa. It was concluded that activation of the NF‑κB pathway is an important common mechanism for metastasis and therapeutic resistance of the two types of cancer; in particular, the RelB‑activated noncanonical NF‑κB pathway appears to be able to lengthen and strengthen NF‑κB activity, which has been a focus of recent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yao Fang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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20
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Roberto D, Selvarajah S, Park PC, Berman D, Venkateswaran V. Functional validation of metabolic genes that distinguish Gleason 3 from Gleason 4 prostate cancer foci. Prostate 2019; 79:1777-1788. [PMID: 31503357 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gleason grade is among the most powerful clinicopathological classification systems used to assess risk of lethal potential in prostate cancer, yet its biologic basis is poorly understood. Notably, pure low-grade cancers, comprised predominantly of Gleason pattern 3 (G3) are typically indolent, with lethal potential emerging with the progression of higher-grade Gleason patterns 4 (G4) or 5. One of the hallmarks of more aggressive cancer phenotypes is the stereotyped set of metabolic characteristics that transformed cells acquire to facilitate unregulated growth. In the present study, we profiled expression signatures of metabolic genes that are differentially expressed between G3 and G4 cancer foci and investigated the functional role of two of the profiled genes, PGRMC1 and HSD17B4, in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Gene expression profiling was conducted using 32 G3 and 32 G4 cancer foci from patients with 3+3 and ≥4+3 tumors, respectively. A 95-gene Nanostring probe set was used to probe genes associated with energy metabolism. Two out of five genes (PGRMC1 and HSD17B4) that significantly distinguish between G3 and G4 were functionally validated in vitro using established prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145). Expression of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 was knocked down and subsequent studies were performed to analyze cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies that explored the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway were performed by Western blot. RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified five metabolic genes that were differentially expressed between G3 and G4 stroma (P < .05). Functional validation studies revealed that knockdown of PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and increased apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that these effects, after PGRMC1 knockdown, were possibly mediated through alterations in downstream components of the EGFR, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways. CONCLUSION The following study provides evidence supporting the use of metabolic genes PGRMC1 and HSD17B4 as a prognostic biomarker for the distinction between G3 and G4 prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Roberto
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shamini Selvarajah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Park
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasundara Venkateswaran
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hsueh CS, Wu CH, Shih CH, Yeh JLS, Jeng CR, Pang VF, Chiou HY, Chang HW. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in feline injection site sarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:365. [PMID: 31653220 PMCID: PMC6815016 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation has been implicated in sarcomagenesis. Among various factors, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been documented being able to target genes associated with tumor progression and up-regulate the expression of tumor-promoting cytokines and survival genes in several human solid tumors. Feline injection sites sarcomas (FISS) are malignant entities derived from the mesenchymal origin. The disease has been considered to be associated with vaccine adjuvant, aluminum, which serves as a stimulus continuously inducing overzealous inflammatory and immunologic reactions. To understand the contribution of NF-κB in FISS, detection of activated NF-κB in paraffin-embedded specimens, in vitro establishment of primary cells derived from FISS, and evaluation of the effects of the NF-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), on primary tumor cells were conducted. Results In this study, nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 was detected in 83.3% of FISS cases and not correlated with tumor grading, sex, and age. Primary cells derived from FISS in three cats exhibiting same immunohistochemical characteristics as their original tumor were successfully established. The NF-κB inhibitor, DHMEQ, was able to prevent nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and colonization in dosage-dependent manners, and induce cell apoptosis in these primary FISS cells. Conclusions High expression rate of nuclear NF-κB p65 in FISS cases and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of FISS primary cells treated with NF-κB inhibitor suggested that NF-κB might be a potential molecular therapeutic target for FISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Shih
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jason Lih-Seng Yeh
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hue-Ying Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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22
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Espinoza-Sánchez NA, Győrffy B, Fuentes-Pananá EM, Götte M. Differential impact of classical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway-related gene expression on the survival of breast cancer patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:5191-5211. [PMID: 31602271 PMCID: PMC6775609 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of carcinogenesis and cancer progression, often attributed to the tumor microenvironment. However, tumor cells themselves are capable of secreting a variety of inflammatory molecules, leading to the activation of specific signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. The NF-κB signaling pathway is one of the most important connections between inflammation and tumorigenesis. NF-κB is a superfamily of transcription factors that plays an important role in several types of hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. However, the role of the NF-κB pathway in the survival of breast cancer patients is poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed and related the expression of both canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways and selected target genes with the relapse-free and overall survival of breast cancer patients. We used the public database Kaplan-Meier plotter (KMplot) which includes gene expression data and survival information of 3951 breast cancer patients. We found that the expression of IKKα was associated with poor relapse-free survival in patients with ER-positive tumors. Moreover, the expression of IL-8 and MMP-1 was associated with poor relapse-free and overall survival. In contrast, expression of IKKβ, p50, and p65 from the canonical pathway, and NIK and RELB from the alternative pathway correlated with better relapse-free survival also when the patients were classified by their hormonal and nodal status. Our study suggests that the expression of genes of the canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways is ultimately critical for tumor persistence. Understanding the communication between both pathways would help to find better therapeutic and prophylactic targets to prevent breast cancer progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Adriana Espinoza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, C.P. 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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23
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Zhou X, Shan Z, Yang H, Xu J, Li W, Guo F. RelB plays an oncogenic role and conveys chemo-resistance to DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30473630 PMCID: PMC6234565 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunits exhibit crucial roles in tumorigenesis and chemo-sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that RelB, the key subunit of the alternative NF-κB pathway, plays a critical role in the progression of diverse human malignancies. However, the significance of RelB in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we systematically explored the functions of the alternative NF-κB subunit RelB in colon cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods Stably transfected RelB-shRNA DLD-1 cells were established using Lipofectamine 2000. NF-κB DNA-binding capability was quantified using an ELISA-based NF-κB activity assay. Cell growth was monitored by an x-Celligence system. Cell proliferation was analyzed by a CCK-8 and a Brdu proliferation assay. Response to 5-FU was assessed by an x-Celligence system. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry analyses. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected by an x-Celligence system, Transwell inserts, and wound-healing assays. RelB expression and its clinical significance were analyzed using the CRC tissue microarray. The expression of NF-κB signaling subunits, AKT/mTOR signaling molecules, cell cycle related proteins, MMP2, MMP9, and Integrin β-1 were measured by Western blotting analyses. Results The RelB-silencing inhibited cell growth of DLD-1 cells. The RelB-silencing exerted the anti-proliferative by downregulation of AKT/mTOR signaling. The RelB-silencing caused G0–G1 cell cycle arrested likely due to decreasing the expression of Cyclin D1 and CDK4, concomitant with increased expression of p27Kip1. The RelB-silencing enhanced cytotoxic effect of 5-FU and induced cell accumulation in S-phase. The RelB-silencing impaired the migration and invasion potential of DLD-1 cells, which was related to downregulation of MMP2, MMP9, and Integrin β-1. Importantly, the RelB expression was correlated with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, metastasis stage, and pTNM stage. High-RelB expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in CRC patients. Conclusion Our studies here provided evidence that RelB plays an oncogenic role and conveys chemo-resistance to 5-FU. RelB can be considered as an independent indicator of prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Zhili Shan
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Hengying Yang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- 2Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Wenjing Li
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Feng Guo
- 4Department of Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Baita West Road 16, Suzhou, 215001 China
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24
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Domińska K, Okła P, Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Urbanek KA, Ochędalski T, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin 1-7 modulates molecular and cellular processes central to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15772. [PMID: 30361641 PMCID: PMC6202343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin 1–7 (Ang1–7) is an endogenous bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition to its cardiovascular properties, its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic traits are believed to play important roles in carcinogenesis. The present study examines the influence of Ang1–7 on processes associated with development and progression of prostate cancer cells. Our findings indicate that while Ang1–7 (1 nM; 48 h) can effectively reduce cell proliferation in DU-145, it can induce a significant decrease in the expression of MKI67 in LNCaP. In both cell lines we also observed a reduction in colony size in soft agar assay. A various changes in gene expression were noted after exposure to Ang1–7: those of anti- and pro-apoptotic agents and the NF-kB family of transcription factors, as well as mesenchymal cell markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). In addition, Ang1–7 was found to modulate cell adhesion and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity. Changes were also observed in the levels of angiotensin receptors and sex steroid hormone receptors. Ang1–7 reduced the levels of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) and increased the expression of estrogen receptor beta gene (ESR2) in all prostate cancer cells; it also up-regulated androgen receptor (AR) expression in androgen-sensitive cells but contradictory effect was observed in androgen- irresponsive cell lines. In summary, the results confirm the existence of complex network between the various elements of the local RAS and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of prostate cancerogenesis. The response of cancer cells to Ang1–7 appears to vary dependently on the dose and time of incubation as well as the aggressiveness and the hormonal status of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| | - Piotr Okła
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
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25
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Sellau J, Groneberg M, Lotter H. Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:213-224. [PMID: 30353258 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections modulate the immune system of the host, resulting in either immune tolerance or the induction of pro-inflammatory defense mechanisms against the pathogen. In both cases, sex hormones are involved in the regulation of the immune response, as they are present in the systemic circulation and can act on a wide variety of cell types, including immune cells. Men and women have a different milieu of sex hormones, and these hormones play a role in determining immune responses to parasitic infections. Men, who have higher plasma levels of androgens than women, are generally more susceptible to parasitic infections. Many immune cells express the androgen receptor (AR), and the immunologic functions of these cells can be modulated by androgens. In this review, we will highlight the immune cell types that are sensitive to male steroid hormones and describe their roles during three parasitic diseases, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, and helminthiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sellau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Molecular Infection Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marie Groneberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Molecular Infection Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Lotter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Molecular Infection Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Paul A, Edwards J, Pepper C, Mackay S. Inhibitory-κB Kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NFκB)-Inducing Kinase (NIK) as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Cells 2018; 7:E176. [PMID: 30347849 PMCID: PMC6210445 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular kinases inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) are well recognised as key central regulators and drivers of the non-canonical NF-κB cascade and as such dictate the initiation and development of defined transcriptional responses associated with the liberation of p52-RelB and p52-p52 NF-κB dimer complexes. Whilst these kinases and downstream NF-κB complexes transduce pro-inflammatory and growth stimulating signals that contribute to major cellular processes, they also play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory-based conditions and diverse cancer types, which for the latter may be a result of background mutational status. IKKα and NIK, therefore, represent attractive targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, specifically in the cancer setting, we reflect on the potential pathophysiological role(s) of each of these kinases, their associated downstream signalling outcomes and the stimulatory and mutational mechanisms leading to their increased activation. We also consider the downstream coordination of transcriptional events and phenotypic outcomes illustrative of key cancer 'Hallmarks' that are now increasingly perceived to be due to the coordinated recruitment of both NF-κB-dependent as well as NF-κB⁻independent signalling. Furthermore, as these kinases regulate the transition from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent growth in defined tumour subsets, potential tumour reactivation and major cytokine and chemokine species that may have significant bearing upon tumour-stromal communication and tumour microenvironment it reiterates their potential to be drug targets. Therefore, with the emergence of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting each of these kinases, we consider medicinal chemistry efforts to date and those evolving that may contribute to the development of viable pharmacological intervention strategies to target a variety of tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Simon Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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27
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Khurana N, Sikka SC. Targeting Crosstalk between Nrf-2, NF-κB and Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100352. [PMID: 30257470 PMCID: PMC6210752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and androgen receptor (AR) signaling play a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Numerous papers in the literature have documented the interconnection between oxidative stress and inflammation; and how antioxidants can combat the inflammation. It has been shown in the literature that both oxidative stress and inflammation regulate AR, the key receptor involved in the transition of PCa to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we discuss about the importance of targeting Nrf-2-antioxidant signaling, NF-κB inflammatory response and AR signaling in PCa. Finally, we discuss about the crosstalk between these three critical pathways as well as how the anti-inflammatory antioxidant phytochemicals like sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR), which can also target AR, can be ideal candidates in the chemoprevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis Medical Campus, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA.
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine,1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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28
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Concetti J, Wilson CL. NFKB1 and Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cells 2018; 7:cells7090133. [PMID: 30205516 PMCID: PMC6162711 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence strongly suggests that aberrant activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway is associated with carcinogenesis. A number of key cellular processes are governed by the effectors of this pathway, including immune responses and apoptosis, both crucial in the development of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulated and chronic NF-κB signalling can have a profound impact on cellular homeostasis. Here we discuss NFKB1 (p105/p50), one of the five subunits of NF-κB, widely implicated in carcinogenesis, in some cases driving cancer progression and in others acting as a tumour-suppressor. The complexity of the role of this subunit lies in the multiple dimeric combination possibilities as well as the different interacting co-factors, which dictate whether gene transcription is activated or repressed, in a cell and organ-specific manner. This review highlights the multiple roles of NFKB1 in the development and progression of different cancers, and the considerations to make when attempting to manipulate NF-κB as a potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Concetti
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
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29
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Chappell WH, Candido S, Abrams SL, Russo S, Ove R, Martelli AM, Cocco L, Ramazzotti G, Cervello M, Montalto G, Steelman LS, Leng X, Arlinghaus RB, Libra M, McCubrey JA. Roles of p53, NF-κB and the androgen receptor in controlling NGAL expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 69:43-62. [PMID: 29861174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL a.k.a lipocalin 2, lnc2) is a secreted protein which can form a complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). This MMP9/NGAL complex has been associated with metastasis. MMP9 and NGAL are detected in the urine of patients afflicted with many different types of cancer, including prostate cancer. The effects of p53, NF-κB and the androgen receptor (AR) on the expression of NGAL was examined in four prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate cancer cell lines that are AR negative and expressed either mutant or no p53 (DU145 and PC3) displayed higher levels of NGAL expression compared to the prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv-1) which are AR positive and express wild type (WT) p53. Introduction of WT-p53 into the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, resulted in reduction of the levels of NGAL expression. Conversely, introduction of dominant negative (DN) p53 or a retroviral construct expressing NF-κB into LNCaP cells increased NGAL expression. NGAL expression had functional effects on the ability of the cells to form colonies in soft agar. Whereas suppression of WT-53 in LNCaP cells increased NGAL expression, the introduction of WT-p53 suppressed NGAL transcription activity in PC3 prostate cells which normally express high level of NGAL. NF-κB and p53 were determined to regulate NGAL expression by positive and negative mechanisms, respectively. Our data indicate that prostate cancer growth, progression and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs are regulated in part by NGAL and may involve complex interactions between NGAL, MMP9, NF-κB and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA; Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD), BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roger Ove
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy; Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ralph B Arlinghaus
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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30
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Garg R, Blando JM, Perez CJ, Lal P, Feldman MD, Smyth EM, Ricciotti E, Grosser T, Benavides F, Kazanietz MG. COX-2 mediates pro-tumorigenic effects of PKCε in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4735-4749. [PMID: 29765153 PMCID: PMC6195867 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pro-oncogenic kinase PKCε is overexpressed in human prostate cancer and cooperates with loss of the tumor suppressor Pten for the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, the effectors driving PKCε-mediated phenotypes remain poorly defined. Here, using cellular and mouse models, we showed that PKCε overexpression acts synergistically with Pten loss to promote NF-κB activation and induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, phenotypic traits which are also observed in human prostate tumors. Targeted disruption of PKCε from prostate cancer cells impaired COX-2 induction and PGE2 production. Notably, COX-2 inhibitors selectively killed prostate epithelial cells overexpressing PKCε, and this ability was greatly enhanced by Pten loss. Long-term COX-2 inhibition markedly reduced adenocarcinoma formation, as well as angiogenesis in a mouse model of prostate-specific PKCε expression and Pten loss. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the involvement of the canonical NF-κB pathway and its target gene COX2 as PKCε effectors, and highlight the potential of PKCε as a useful biomarker for the use of COX inhibition for chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic purposes in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Garg
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jorge M Blando
- Department of Immunology, Immunopathology Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos J Perez
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emer M Smyth
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fernando Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Ding J, Tan C, Hu W, Li Y, Huang W, Xu Y. HZ08 suppresses RelB-activated MnSOD expression and enhances Radiosensitivity of prostate Cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:174. [PMID: 30053873 PMCID: PMC6062957 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of radioresistance is one of main causes for therapeutic failure of prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aims to investigate the function and the related mechanism by which HZ08 sensitizes radiotherapeutic efficiency to treat aggressive PCa cells. Methods PCa cells were pretreated with HZ08 (6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxy) benzyl-2-(N-n-octyl-N′-cyano) guanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) and followed by ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Cytotoxicity in the treated cells was analyzed to assess the radiosensitization capacity of HZ08 by flow cytometry, MTT and colony survival assays. The cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were measured using specific ROS detection probes and a Seahorse XF96 Analyzer, respectively. RelB binding to the NF-κB intronic enhancer region of the human SOD2 gene was determined using a ChIP assay. The levels of phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and IKKα were quantified and further confirmed using a PI3K inhibitor. Finally, the synergistic effect of HZ08 on radiosensitization of PCa cells was validated using a mouse xenograft tumor model. Results HZ08 enhanced radiosensitivity of PCa cells through increasing ROS and declining mitochondrial respiration due to suppression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme MnSOD. Mechanistically, HZ08 appeared to inhibit PI3K/Akt/IKKα signaling axis, resulting in transcriptional repression of MnSOD expression by preventing RelB nuclear translocation. Conclusions HZ08 can serve as a useful radiosensitizing agent to improve radiotherapy for treating aggressive PCa cells with high level of constitutive RelB. The present study suggests a promising approach for enhancing radiotherapeutic efficiency to treat advanced PCa by inhibiting antioxidant defense function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0849-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaji Ding
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Tan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizi Hu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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Alternative NF-κB signaling promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through transcriptionally upregulating Bcl-3. Oncogene 2018; 37:5887-5900. [PMID: 29973688 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that chronic inflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Classical NF-κB signaling, the key factor in controlling inflammation, has been found to be of great importance to CRC development. However, the role of alternative NF-κB signaling in CRC is still elusive. Here, we found aberrant constitutive activation of alternative NF-κB signaling both in CRC tissue and CRC cells. Knockdown of RelB downregulates c-Myc and upregulates p27Kip1 protein level, which inhibits CRC cell proliferation and retards CRC xenograft growth. Conversely, overexpression of RelB increases proliferation of CRC cells. In addition, we revealed a significant correlation between Bcl-3 and RelB in CRC tissues. The expression of RelB was consistent with the expression of Bcl-3 and the phosphorylation of Bcl-3 downstream proteins p-Akt (S473) and p-GSK3β (S9). Bcl-3 overexpression can restore the phenotype changes caused by RelB knockdown. Importantly, we demonstrated that alternative NF-κB transcriptional factor (p52:RelB) can directly bind to the promoter region of Bcl-3 gene and upregulate its transcription. Moreover, the expression of RelB, NF-κB2 p52, and Bcl-3 was associated with poor survival of CRC patients. Taken together, these results represent that alternative NF-κB signaling may function as an oncogenic driver in CRC, and also provide new ideas and research directions for the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of other inflammatory-related diseases.
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33
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Influence and mechanism of Angiotensin 1-7 on biological properties of normal prostate epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:152-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Saxon JA, Yu H, Polosukhin VV, Stathopoulos GT, Gleaves LA, McLoed AG, Massion PP, Yull FE, Zhao Z, Blackwell TS. p52 expression enhances lung cancer progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6078. [PMID: 29666445 PMCID: PMC5904214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While many studies have demonstrated that canonical NF-κB signaling is a central pathway in lung tumorigenesis, the role of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in lung cancer remains undefined. We observed frequent nuclear accumulation of the non-canonical NF-κB component p100/p52 in human lung adenocarcinoma. To investigate the impact of non-canonical NF-κB signaling on lung carcinogenesis, we employed transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of p52 in airway epithelial cells. p52 over-expression led to increased tumor number and progression after injection of the carcinogen urethane. Gene expression analysis of lungs from transgenic mice combined with in vitro studies suggested that p52 promotes proliferation of lung epithelial cells through regulation of cell cycle-associated genes. Using gene expression and patient information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that expression of p52-associated genes was increased in lung adenocarcinomas and correlated with reduced survival, even in early stage disease. Analysis of p52-associated gene expression in additional human lung adenocarcinoma datasets corroborated these findings. Together, these studies implicate the non-canonical NF-κB component p52 in lung carcinogenesis and suggest modulation of p52 activity and/or downstream mediators as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 1 Asklepiou Str., 26504, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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35
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Quagliariello V, Rossetti S, Cavaliere C, Di Palo R, Lamantia E, Castaldo L, Nocerino F, Ametrano G, Cappuccio F, Malzone G, Montanari M, Vanacore D, Romano FJ, Piscitelli R, Iovane G, Pepe MF, Berretta M, D'Aniello C, Perdonà S, Muto P, Botti G, Ciliberto G, Veneziani BM, De Falco F, Maiolino P, Caraglia M, Montella M, Iaffaioli RV, Facchini G. Metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptors and prostate cancer associations: biochemical and pathophysiological evidences. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30606-30616. [PMID: 28389628 PMCID: PMC5444769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the main pathophysiological basis of the relationship between metabolic syndrome, endocrine disruptor exposure and prostate cancer that is the most common cancer among men in industrialized countries. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic and hormonal factors having a central role in the initiation and recurrence of many western chronic diseases including hormonal-related cancers and it is considered as the worlds leading health problem in the coming years. Many biological factors correlate metabolic syndrome to prostate cancer and this review is aimed to focus, principally, on growth factors, cytokines, adipokines, central obesity, endocrine abnormalities and exposure to specific endocrine disruptors, a cluster of chemicals, to which we are daily exposed, with a hormone-like structure influencing oncogenes, tumor suppressors and proteins with a key role in metabolism, cell survival and chemo-resistance of prostate cancer cells. Finally, this review will analyze, from a molecular point of view, how specific foods could reduce the relative risk of incidence and recurrence of prostate cancer or inhibit the biological effects of endocrine disruptors on prostate cancer cells. On the basis of these considerations, prostate cancer remains a great health problem in terms of incidence and prevalence and interventional studies based on the treatment of metabolic syndrome in cancer patients, minimizing exposure to endocrine disruptors, could be a key point in the overall management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Palo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira Lamantia
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nocerino
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ametrano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappuccio
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Malzone
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Micaela Montanari
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Vanacore
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Francesco Jacopo Romano
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piscitelli
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Iovane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Filomena Pepe
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine D'Aniello
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Napoli, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Veneziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco De Falco
- Psicology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione G. Pascale Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale' - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli
- Medical Oncology, Abdominal Department, National Cancer Institute G. Pascale Foundation, Napoli, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Progetto ONCONET2.0 - Linea progettuale 14 per l'implementazione della prevenzione e diagnosi precoce del tumore alla prostata e testicolo - Regione Campania, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Association for Multidisciplinary Studies in Oncology and Mediterranean Diet, Piazza Nicola Amore, Naples, Italy
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36
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Chen S, Nimick M, Cridge AG, Hawkins BC, Rosengren RJ. Anticancer potential of novel curcumin analogs towards castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:579-588. [PMID: 29207190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is initially sensitive to hormone therapy; however, over time the majority of patients progress to a hormone-insensitive form classified as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is highly metastatic and patients have a poor prognosis. Thus, new drugs for the treatment of this disease are required. In this study, we therefore examined the cytotoxic effects and anticancer mechanism(s) of action of second generation curcumin analogs towards CRPC cells. For this purpose, PC3 and DU145 cells were treated with a series of curcumin analogs at 0-10 µM for 72 h and cytotoxicity was determined by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Two compounds, 1-isopropyl-3,5-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)-4-piperidone (RL118) and 1-methyl-3,5-[(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene]-4-piperidone (RL121), were found to have the most potent cytotoxic effect with EC50 values of 0.50 and 0.58 µM in the PC3 cells and EC50 values of 0.76 and 0.69 µM in the DU145 cells, respectively. Thus, further experiments were performed focusing on these two compounds. Flow cytometry was performed to determine their effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Both analogs increased the number of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Specifically, in the PC3 cells, RL121 increased the number of cells in the G2/M phase by 86% compared to the control, while RL118 increased the number of cells in the G2/M phase by 42% compared to the control after 24 h. Moreover, both RL118 and RL121 induced the apoptosis of both cell lines. In the DU145 cells, a 38-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells was elicited by RL118 and a 78-fold increase by RL121 compared to the control. Furthermore, the effects of both analogs on the expression of key proteins involved in cell proliferation were also determined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that both analogs inhibited the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65/RelA), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), p-4E-BP1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, AKT and p-AKT. Thus, the findings of this study provide evidence that RL118 and RL121 have potent anticancer activity against CPRC cells, and both analogs warrant further investigation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mhairi Nimick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Andrew G Cridge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Bill C Hawkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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37
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Protein Kinase C Epsilon Cooperates with PTEN Loss for Prostate Tumorigenesis through the CXCL13-CXCR5 Pathway. Cell Rep 2017; 19:375-388. [PMID: 28402859 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PKCε, an oncogenic member of the PKC family, is aberrantly overexpressed in epithelial cancers. To date, little is known about functional interactions of PKCε with other genetic alterations, as well as the effectors contributing to its tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that PKCε cooperates with the loss of the tumor suppressor Pten for the development of prostate cancer in a mouse model. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PKCε overexpression and Pten loss individually and synergistically upregulate the production of the chemokine CXCL13, which involves the transcriptional activation of the CXCL13 gene via the non-canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Notably, targeted disruption of CXCL13 or its receptor, CXCR5, in prostate cancer cells impaired their migratory and tumorigenic properties. In addition to providing evidence for an autonomous vicious cycle driven by PKCε, our studies identified a compelling rationale for targeting the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis for prostate cancer treatment.
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38
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Domińska K, Kowalska K, Matysiak ZE, Płuciennik E, Ochędalski T, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Regulation of mRNA gene expression of members of the NF-κB transcription factor gene family by angiotensin II and relaxin 2 in normal and cancer prostate cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4352-4359. [PMID: 28487955 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of researchers are focusing on the influence of local peptide hormones such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin 2 (RLN2) in the regulation of inflammation and carcinogenesis. The interaction between the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS) and relaxin family peptide system (RFPS) is known to influence the proliferation, adhesion and migration of normal and cancer prostate cell lines. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the expression of nuclear factor‑κB subunit 1 (NFKB1), nuclear factor‑κB subunit 2 (NFKB2), REL proto‑oncogene nuclear factor‑κB p65 subunit (REL), RELA proto‑oncogene nuclear factor‑κB subunit (RELA) and RELB proto‑oncogene nuclear factor‑κB subunit (RELB) mRNA caused by Ang II and RLN2. The members of NF‑kB family are involved in many processes associated with cancer development and metastasis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis identified that both peptide hormones have an influence on the relative expression of nuclear factor‑κB. Following treatment with either peptide, NFKB1 expression was downregulated in all prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU‑145 and PC3), but not in normal epithelial cells (PNT1A). Conversely, RELB mRNA was enhanced only in non‑cancerous prostate cells. RELA expression was strongly stimulated in the most aggressive cell line, whereas REL mRNA was unchanged. In many cases, the effect was strictly dependent on the cell line and/or the type of peptide: Ang II increased expression of both RELA and REL genes in the androgen‑dependent cell line while RLN2 enhanced NFKB2 and RELA mRNA in androgen‑independent cells (DU‑145). Further research is needed to understand the regulation of NF‑κB family members by key renin‑angiotensin system and RFPS peptides in prostate cancer cells; however, prostate carcinogenesis appears to be influenced by the balance between the cross‑regulation of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) and androgen receptor pathways by Ang II and relaxin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90‑752, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90‑752, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90‑752, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90‑752, Poland
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39
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Wang W, Mani AM, Wu ZH. DNA damage-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and its roles in cancer progression. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2017; 3:45-59. [PMID: 28626800 PMCID: PMC5472228 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a vital challenge to cell homeostasis. Cellular responses to DNA damage (DDR) play essential roles in maintaining genomic stability and survival, whose failure could lead to detrimental consequences such as cancer development and aging. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in cellular stress response. Along with p53, NF-κB modulates transactivation of a large number of genes which participate in various cellular processes involved in DDR. Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding DNA damage response and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study particularly focuses on DNA damage-induced NF-κB signaling cascade and its physiological and pathological significance in B cell development and cancer therapeutic resistance. The authors also discuss promising strategies for selectively targeting this genotoxic NF-κB signaling aiming to antagonize acquired resistance and resensitize refractory cancer cells to cytotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M. Mani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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40
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Wei X, Xu Y, Xu FF, Chaiswing L, Schnell D, Noel T, Wang C, Chen J, St Clair DK, St Clair WH. RelB Expression Determines the Differential Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Normal and Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1345-1356. [PMID: 28108513 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically experience higher oxidative stress than normal cells, such that elevating pro-oxidant levels can trigger cancer cell death. Although pre-exposure to mild oxidative agents will sensitize cancer cells to radiation, this pre-exposure may also activate the adaptive stress defense system in normal cells. Ascorbic acid is a prototype redox modulator that when infused intravenously appears to kill cancers without injury to normal tissues; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, we show how ascorbic acid kills cancer cells and sensitizes prostate cancer to radiation therapy while also conferring protection upon normal prostate epithelial cells against radiation-induced injury. We found that the NF-κB transcription factor RelB is a pivotal determinant in the differential radiosensitization effects of ascorbic acid in prostate cancer cells and normal prostate epithelial cells. Mechanistically, high reactive oxygen species concentrations suppress RelB in cancer cells. RelB suppression decreases expression of the sirtuin SIRT3 and the powerful antioxidant MnSOD, which in turn increases oxidative and metabolic stresses in prostate cancer cells. In contrast, ascorbic acid enhances RelB expression in normal cells, improving antioxidant and metabolic defenses against radiation injury. In addition to showing how RelB mediates the differential effects of ascorbic acid on cancer and normal tissue radiosensitivities, our work also provides a proof of concept for the existence of redox modulators that can improve the efficacy of radiotherapy while protecting against normal tissue injury in cancer settings. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1345-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Fang Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - David Schnell
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - William H St Clair
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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41
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Lai X, Guo Y, Guo Z, Liu R, Wang X, Wang F. Downregulation of microRNA‑574 in cancer stem cells causes recurrence of prostate cancer via targeting REL. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3651-3656. [PMID: 27779701 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
miR‑574‑5p has been reported involved in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies such as colorectal and lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the roles of REL and miR‑574 in the recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our literature search found that miR‑574 is regulated in cancer stem cells (CSCs), and next we used the microRNA (miRNA) database (www.mirdb.org) to find REL as a target of miR‑574. Luciferase assay was performed to verify the miRNA/target relationship. Oligo-transfection, real‑time PCR and western blot analysis were used to support the conclusions. We validated REL to be the direct gene via luciferase reporter assay system, and real‑time PCR and western blot analysis were also conducted to study the mRNA and protein expression level of REL between different groups (recurrence and non‑recurrence) or cells treated with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors, indicating the negative regulatory relationship between miR‑574 and REL. We also investigated the relative viability of prostate CSCs when transfected with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors to validate miR‑574 to be positively interfering with the viability of prostate CSCs. We then investigated the relative apoptosis of prostate CSCs when transfected with scramble control, miR‑574 mimics, REL siRNA and miR‑574 inhibitors. The results showed miR‑574 inhibited apoptosis. In conclusion, miR‑574 might be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target in the management of PCa recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Guo
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhitao Guo
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ruibao Liu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xunguo Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, P.R. China
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42
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Lawrence CL, Baldwin AS. Non-Canonical EZH2 Transcriptionally Activates RelB in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165005. [PMID: 27764181 PMCID: PMC5072726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2) is the methyltransferase component of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC2) which represses gene transcription via histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 23 (H3K27me3). EZH2 activity has been linked with oncogenesis where it is thought to block expression of certain tumor suppressors. Relative to a role in cancer, EZH2 functions to promote self-renewal and has been shown to be important for the tumor-initiating cell (TIC) phenotype in breast cancer. Recently a non-canonical role for EZH2 has been identified where it promotes transcriptional activation of certain genes. Here we show that EZH2, through a methyltransferase-independent mechanism, promotes the transcriptional activation of the non-canonical NF-κB subunit RelB to drive self-renewal and the TIC phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney L. Lawrence
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Albert S. Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Hardiman G, Savage SJ, Hazard ES, Wilson RC, Courtney SM, Smith MT, Hollis BW, Halbert CH, Gattoni-Celli S. Systems analysis of the prostate transcriptome in African-American men compared with European-American men. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1129-1143. [PMID: 27359067 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM African-Americans (AA) have increased prostate cancer risk and a greater mortality rate than European-Americans (EA). AA exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We examined the global prostate transcriptome in AA and EA, and the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation. PATIENTS & METHODS Twenty-seven male subjects (ten AA and 17 EA), slated to undergo prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Fourteen subjects received vitamin D3 (4000 IU daily) and 13 subjects received placebo for 2 months prior to surgery. RESULTS AA show higher expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. CONCLUSION Systems level analyses support the concept that Inflammatory processes may contribute to disease progression in AA. These transcripts can be modulated by a short course of vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine & Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen J Savage
- Department of Urology.,Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Library Science and Informatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean M Courtney
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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44
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WANG JIE, YI SUQIN, ZHOU JUN, ZHANG YOUTAO, GUO FENG. The NF-κB subunit RelB regulates the migration and invasion abilities and the radio-sensitivity of prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:381-92. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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45
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Lycopene acts through inhibition of IκB kinase to suppress NF-κB signaling in human prostate and breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9375-85. [PMID: 26779636 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of the potent dietary antioxidant lycopene on multiple points along the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in prostate and breast cancer cells. Lycopene significantly inhibited prostate and breast cancer cell growth at physiologically relevant concentrations of ≥1.25 μM. Similar concentrations also caused a 30-40 % reduction in inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) phosphorylation in the cells, as determined by western blotting. Furthermore, the same degree of inhibition by lycopene was observed for NF-κB transcriptional activity, as determined by reporter gene assay. Concomitant with this, immunofluorescence staining of lycopene-treated cells showed a significant suppression (≥25 %) of TNF-induced NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear translocation. Further probing of lycopene's effects on upstream elements of the NF-κB pathway showed a 25 % inhibition of both activity of recombinant IκB kinase β (IKKβ) kinase in a cell-free in vitro assay, as well as activity of IKKβ immunoprecipitated from MDA-MB-231 cells treated with lycopene. In conclusion, the anticancer properties of lycopene may occur through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, beginning at the early stage of cytoplasmic IKK kinase activity, which then leads to reduced NF-κB-responsive gene regulation. Furthermore, these effects in cancer cells were observed at concentrations of lycopene that are relevant and achievable in vivo.
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46
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Mehraein-Ghomi F, Church DR, Schreiber CL, Weichmann AM, Basu HS, Wilding G. Inhibitor of p52 NF-κB subunit and androgen receptor (AR) interaction reduces growth of human prostate cancer cells by abrogating nuclear translocation of p52 and phosphorylated AR(ser81). Genes Cancer 2015; 6:428-44. [PMID: 26622945 PMCID: PMC4633170 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that androgen receptor (AR) activation and signaling plays a key role in growth and progression in all stages of prostate cancer, even under low androgen levels or in the absence of androgen in the castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sustained activation of AR under androgen-deprived conditions may be due to its interaction with co-activators, such as p52 NF-κB subunit, and/or an increase in its stability by phosphorylation that delays its degradation. Here we identified a specific inhibitor of AR/p52 interaction, AR/p52-02, via a high throughput screen based on the reconstitution of Gaussia Luciferase. We found that AR/p52-02 markedly inhibited growth of both castration-resistant C4-2 (IC50 ∼6 μM) and parental androgen-dependent LNCaP (IC50 ∼4 μM) human prostate cancer cells under low androgen conditions. Growth inhibition was associated with significantly reduced nuclear p52 levels and DNA binding activity, as well as decreased phosphorylation of AR at serine 81, increased AR ubiquitination, and decreased AR transcriptional activity as indicated by decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA levels in both cell lines. AR/p52-02 also caused a reduction in levels of p21(WAF/CIP1), which is a direct AR targeted gene in that its expression correlates with androgen stimulation and mitogenic proliferation in prostate cancer under physiologic levels of androgen, likely by disrupting the AR signaling axis. The reduced level of cyclinD1 reported previously for this compound may be due to the reduction in nuclear presence and activity of p52, which directly regulates cyclinD1 expression, as well as the reduction in p21(WAF/CIP1), since p21(WAF/CIP1) is reported to stabilize nuclear cyclinD1 in prostate cancer. Overall, the data suggest that specifically inhibiting the interaction of AR with p52 and blocking activity of p52 and pARser81 may be an effective means of reducing castration-resistant prostate cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn R Church
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Hirak S Basu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George Wilding
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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47
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Labouba I, Le Page C, Communal L, Kristessen T, You X, Péant B, Barrès V, Gannon PO, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Potential Cross-Talk between Alternative and Classical NF-κB Pathways in Prostate Cancer Tissues as Measured by a Multi-Staining Immunofluorescence Co-Localization Assay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131024. [PMID: 26186215 PMCID: PMC4505937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the classical NF-κB/p65 pathway is known to be involved in prostate cancer progression and is associated with poor patient outcome, the role of the NF-κB /RelB alternative protein is not well defined. Here we analyzed the activation of both NF-κB pathways in prostate cancer tissues and correlate this activation with clinical features of the disease. Methods A multiple immunofluorescence technique was employed to concomitantly and quantitatively visualize the nuclear localization of p65 and RelB in 200 paraffin embedded samples. Epithelia were defined using appropriate fluorochrome markers and the resulting immunofluorescent signals were quantified with an automated scoring system. Results The nuclear frequency of p65 was found to be significantly increased in tumor tissues as compared with normal adjacent tissue, whereas the frequency for RelB was decreased (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). As previously reported, p65 nuclear frequency was associated with a risk of biochemical recurrence. Although, RelB nuclear frequency alone did not predict recurrence, the presence of activated RelB reduced the risk of recurrence associated with the activation of p65. Conclusion For the first time p65/RelB co-distribution was assessed in prostate cancer tissues and suggested a negative crosstalk between the two NF-κB pathways in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Labouba
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Xiaotian You
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Véronique Barrès
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe O. Gannon
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Institut du cancer de Montréal / Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St-Denis, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Urology, CHUM and Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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48
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Giopanou I, Lilis I, Papaleonidopoulos V, Marazioti A, Spella M, Vreka M, Papadaki H, Stathopoulos GT. Comprehensive Evaluation of Nuclear Factor-κΒ Expression Patterns in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132527. [PMID: 26147201 PMCID: PMC4493092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling is required for lung adenocarcinoma development in mice, and both of its subunits RelA and RelB were independently reported to be highly expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To comprehensively examine NF-κB expression in NSCLC, we analyzed serial sections of primary tumor samples from 77 well-documented patients (36 adenocarcinomas, 40 squamous cell carcinomas and 3 large cell carcinomas) for immunoreactivity of RelA, RelB, P50, and P52/P100. Tumor and intratumoral stroma areas were discriminated based on proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity and inflammatory infiltration was assessed in intratumoral stroma areas. NF-κB immunoreactivity was quantified by intensity, extent, and nuclear localization and was cross-examined with tumor cell proliferation, inflammatory infiltration, and clinical-pathologic data. We found that the expression of the different NF-κB subunits was not concordant, warranting our integral approach. Overall, RelA, RelB, and P50 were expressed at higher levels compared with P52/P100. However, RelA and P50 were predominantly expressed in intratumoral stroma, but RelB in tumor cells. Importantly, tumor area RelA expression was correlated with the intensity of inflammatory infiltration, whereas RelB expression was identified in proliferating tumor cells. Using multiple logistic regression, we identified that tumor RelB expression was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis, and tumor P50 was an independent predictor of TNM6 stage IIB or higher, whereas tumor RelA was an independent predictor of inflammatory infiltration. We conclude that pathologic studies of NF-κB expression in cancer should include multiple pathway components. Utilizing such an approach, we identified intriguing associations between distinct NF-κB subunits and clinical and pathologic features of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giopanou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lilis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papaleonidopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Antonia Marazioti
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Malamati Vreka
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Georgios T. Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Achaia, Greece
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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49
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Campa VM, Baltziskueta E, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Gorroño-Etxebarria I, Wesołowski R, Waxman J, Kypta RM. A screen for transcription factor targets of glycogen synthase kinase-3 highlights an inverse correlation of NFκB and androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8173-87. [PMID: 25327559 PMCID: PMC4226675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) is elevated in prostate cancer and its inhibition reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation, in part by reducing androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, GSK-3 inhibition can also activate signals that promote cell proliferation and survival, which may preclude the use of GSK-3 inhibitors in the clinic. To identify such signals in prostate cancer, we screened for changes in transcription factor target DNA binding activity in GSK-3-silenced cells. Among the alterations was a reduction in AR DNA target binding, as predicted from previous studies, and an increase in NFκB DNA target binding. Consistent with the latter, gene silencing of GSK-3 or inhibition using the GSK-3 inhibitor CHIR99021 increased basal NFκB transcriptional activity. Activation of NFκB was accompanied by an increase in the level of the NFκB family member RelB. Conversely, silencing RelB reduced activation of NFκB by CHIR99021. Furthermore, the reduction of prostate cancer cell proliferation by CHIR99021 was potentiated by inhibition of NFκB signaling using the IKK inhibitor PS1145. Finally, stratification of human prostate tumor gene expression data for GSK3 revealed an inverse correlation between NFκB-dependent and androgen-dependent gene expression, consistent with the results from the transcription factor target DNA binding screen. In addition, there was a correlation between expression of androgen-repressed NFκB target genes and reduced survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. These findings highlight an association between GSK-3/AR and NFκB signaling and its potential clinical importance in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Campa
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Spain. Present address: Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Waxman
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Robert M Kypta
- Cell Biology and Stem Cells Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Spain. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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50
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Kankaya D, Kiremitci S, Tulunay O, Baltaci S. Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Impact on outcome. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:505-12. [PMID: 25908108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prognostic significance of Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), which has an unpredictable behavior and tendency for recurrence and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on 100 consecutive cases of CRCC using antibodies against Gelsolin, NF-κB, and p53. Tumors were grouped by nuclear grade (NG) as low NG (NG1, 2) or high NG (NG3, 4), and by pathological stage as localized (pT1, 2) or locally invasive (pT3, 4). Clinical stage was grouped as early stage (stage I, II) or late stage (stage III, IV). Evaluation was based on cytoplasmic (NF-κB(Cyt)) and nuclear (NF-κB(Nuc)) expression for NF-κB, nuclear expression for p53, membranous and cytoplasmic expression for Gelsolin. RESULTS Gelsolin expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.001), metastasis (p = 0.003), late stage (p = 0.008), and cancer death (p = 0.001). NF-κB(Cyt) expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.002), perirenal invasion (p = 0.010), local invasion (p = 0.020), and late stage (p= 0.003). NF-κB(Nuc) expression failed to predict the prognosis of CRCC. p53 expression correlated with high NG (p = 0.045), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.05), metastasis (p = 0.001), late stage (p = 0.028), and cancer death (p = 0.034). However, only Gelsolin was found to correlate with disease-specific survival, (p = 0.006), and neither NF-κB nor p53 showed such relation. CONCLUSION Expressions of Gelsolin, NF-κB(Cyt), and p53 associated with aggressive behavior of CRCC, while Gelsolin expression specifically indicated poor disease-specific survival. The results of the present study served to determine biomarkers for predicting high-risk patients with CRCC, expected to show aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kankaya
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Saba Kiremitci
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozden Tulunay
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sumer Baltaci
- Department of Urology, Medical School of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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