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Dadgar N, Sherry C, Zimmerman J, Park H, Lewis C, Donnenberg A, Zaidi AH, Fan Y, Xiao K, Bartlett D, Donnenberg V, Wagner PL. Targeting interleukin-6 as a treatment approach for peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:402. [PMID: 38689325 PMCID: PMC11061933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a complex manifestation of abdominal cancers, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent work identifying high concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptor (sIL-6-Rα) in the peritoneal cavity of patients with PC has highlighted this pathway as an emerging potential therapeutic target. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the potential role of IL-6 in the development and progression of PC. We discuss mechansims by which the IL-6 pathway may contribute to peritoneal tumor dissemination, mesothelial adhesion and invasion, stromal invasion and proliferation, and immune response modulation. Finally, we review the prospects for targeting the IL-6 pathway in the treatment of PC, focusing on common sites of origin, including ovarian, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal and appendiceal cancer, and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dadgar
- Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Enterprise Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Sherry
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Jenna Zimmerman
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Hyun Park
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Catherine Lewis
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Albert Donnenberg
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Ali H Zaidi
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Center for Proteomics & Artificial Intelligence, Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - David Bartlett
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Vera Donnenberg
- University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineDepartment of Cardiothoracic SurgeryUPMC Hillman Cancer Center Wagner, Patrick; Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Patrick L Wagner
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, 314 E. North Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA.
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Gulubova MV, Chonov DC, Ivanova KV, Hristova MK, Krasimirova-Ignatova MM, Vlaykova TI. Intratumoural expression of IL-6/STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 immune cells in the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer Immune cells-positive for IL-6, STAT3, IL-17 and FOXP3 and colorectal cancer development. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2072765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitur Chavdarov Chonov
- Department of General and Operative Surgery, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora Bulgaria
- Ward of Operative Surgery, University Hospital “Prof. D-r Stoyan Kirkovich”, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Koni Vancho Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Tatyana Ivanova Vlaykova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Sharma BR, Karki R, Sundaram B, Wang Y, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD. The Transcription Factor IRF9 Promotes Colorectal Cancer via Modulating the IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040919. [PMID: 35205671 PMCID: PMC8869918 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and innate immune responses and inflammation are known to affect the course of disease. Interferon (IFN) signaling in particular is critical for modulating inflammation-associated diseases including CRC. While the effects of IFN signaling in CRC have been studied, results have been conflicting. Furthermore, individual molecules in the IFN pathway that could be therapeutically targeted have distinct functions, with many of their diverse roles in CRC remaining unclear. Here, we found that IRF9 had an oncogenic effect in CRC; loss of IRF9 reduced tumorigenesis in both azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced and spontaneous CRC models. IRF9 also reduced DSS-induced colitis and inflammation in the colon, but it had no effect on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling activation. Instead, IRF9 enhanced the transcription and production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. By promoting IL-6 release, IRF9 drove the activation of pro-oncogenic STAT3 signaling in the colon. Overall, our study found that IRF9 promoted the development of CRC via modulation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis, identifying multiple potential targets and suggesting new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.R.S.); (R.K.); (B.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.R.S.); (R.K.); (B.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.R.S.); (R.K.); (B.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.R.S.); (R.K.); (B.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and the Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (B.R.S.); (R.K.); (B.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-595-3634; Fax: +1-901-595-5766
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4
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Chonov DC, Ignatova MMK, Ananiev JR, Gulubova MV. IL-6 Activities in the Tumour Microenvironment. Part 1. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2391-2398. [PMID: 31592285 PMCID: PMC6765074 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant role of IL-6 in cancer is its key promotion of tumour growth. IL-6 binds IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the membrane-bound glycoprotein gp130. The complex I-6/IL-6R/gp130 starts the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or JAK/STAT3 pathway. IL-6 R exits in two forms: a membrane-bound IL-6Rα subunit (mIL-6R) that participates in classic signalling pathway and soluble IL-6R subunit (sIL-6R) engaged in trans-signalling. The pro-tumour functions of IL-6 are associated with STAT3, a major oncogenic transcription factor that triggers up-regulation of target genes responsible for tumour cell survival. IL-6 combined with TGF-β induces proliferation of pathogenic Th17 cells. The anti-tumour function of IL-6 is the promotion of anti-tumour immunity. IL-6 trans-signaling contributed to transmigration of lymphocytes in high endothelial venules (HEV). Dendritic cell (DC) secreted IL-6 in the lymph node influences the activation, distribution and polarisation of the immune response. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and increased expression of IL-6 in tumour tissue are negative prognostic marker for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitur Chavdarov Chonov
- Department of Surgery, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Department of General and clinical pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Hishida A, Okugawa Y, Morimoto Y, Shirai Y, Okamoto K, Momokita S, Ogawa A, Tanaka K, Nishikawa R, Toiyama Y, Inoue Y, Sakurai H, Urata H, Tanaka M, McMillan DC, Miki C. Genetic influence of cytokine polymorphisms on the clinical outcome of Japanese gastrointestinal cancer patients in palliative care. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:623-629. [PMID: 30655809 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality globally. The present study examined the influence of cytokine genetic polymorphisms [interleukin (IL)-1B C-31T, IL-1RN VNTR, IL-6 C-634G, IL-8 T-251A, IL-10 T-819C and IL-10 A-1082G] on clinical outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in palliative care. A total of 59 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who were admitted to Iga City General Hospital were analyzed. Genotyping was conducted using a polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers. Patients with at least one IL-1RN 2 allele demonstrated a significantly better survival (P=0.0275) while those with IL-6-634 G/G demonstrated a worse survival (P=0.0024). Multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazard model revealed that those with at least one IL-1RN 2 allele, IL-6-634 G/G or IL-10-1082 A/G had a significantly elevated adjusted hazard ratio of 9.20 (P=0.014), 41.01 (P=0.001) or 6.49 (P=0.046), respectively, compared with those with each homozygous wild-type polymorphism. In addition, the evaluation of weight loss by genotype revealed the potential influence of IL-10 T-819C genotype (P=0.072). IL-1RN, IL-6 and IL-10 polymorphisms were associated with the survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, suggesting the clinical feasibility of genetic testing in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan.,Department of Biochemical Laboratory, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Yuhki Morimoto
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shirai
- Department of Nutrition, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Kyoko Okamoto
- Department of Nursing, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Sachiko Momokita
- Department of Biochemical Laboratory, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Aki Ogawa
- Department of Nursing, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hisashi Urata
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Glasgow School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Chikao Miki
- Department of Surgery, Iga City General Hospital, Iga, Mie 518-0823, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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6
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Machoń-Grecka A, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Birkner E, Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Kasperczyk S. The association between occupational lead exposure and serum levels of selected soluble receptors. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:555-562. [PMID: 29759036 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718773015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate soluble receptors as potential targets for lead (Pb). Analyses included the serum levels of soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors 2 (sVEGFR-2), soluble Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (sEGFR), soluble Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (sHER-2/neu), and soluble Interleukin 6 Receptors (sIL-6R) in the groups of chronically and subchronically occupationally exposed workers. The first group consisted of 56 male workers chronically exposed to Pb. The second group (control) comprised 24 male administrative workers. The third group included 36 male workers exposed to Pb for 40 ± 3 days. Examined subjects were employed in the Pb-zinc works to perform periodic maintenance of blast furnaces and production lines. The serum levels of sHER-2/neu and sIL-6R were significantly lower in the group of workers chronically exposed to Pb compared to control values by 45% ( p < 0.05) and 44% ( p < 0.05), respectively. The values of sVEGFR-2 and sEGFR decreased after a subchronic exposure to Pb compared to baseline by 14% ( p < 0.05) and 21% ( p < 0.05), respectively. At the same time, the levels of sIL-6R also decreased by 14% ( p < 0.05). Results of the present study indicated that both chronic and subchronic occupational Pb exposures resulted in decreased levels of several soluble receptors (sVEGFR-2, sEGFR, sHER-2/neu, and sIL-6R), probably due to Pb-induced modulations of the transcription factors and metalloprotease activities, that are necessary for soluble receptor synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Machoń-Grecka
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Birkner
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- 2 Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Oki S, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Shimura T, Okigami M, Yasuda H, Fujikawa H, Okita Y, Yoshiyama S, Hiro J, Kobayashi M, Ohi M, Araki T, Inoue Y, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Clinical burden of preoperative albumin-globulin ratio in esophageal cancer patients. Am J Surg 2017; 214:891-898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Fish oil-enriched nutrition combined with systemic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4826. [PMID: 28684736 PMCID: PMC5500468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer, a crucial factor related to poor prognosis is reduced tolerance to chemotherapy induced by cancer cachexia. Fish oil (FO)-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) modulates inflammation in patients with various malignancies; however, the impact of FO-enriched nutrition as a combined modality therapy on clinical outcomes remains controversial. We systemically analysed chronological changes in biochemical and physiological status using bioelectrical impedance analysis in 128 gastrointestinal cancer patients provided with or without FO-enriched nutrition during chemotherapy. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical significance of FO-enriched nutrition and clarified appropriate patient groups that receive prognostic benefits from FO-enriched nutrition during treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. The control group showed significant up-regulation of serum CRP) levels and no significant difference in both skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass. In contrast, the FO-enriched nutrition group showed no changes in serum CRP concentration and significantly increased skeletal muscle mass and lean body mass over time. Furthermore, high CRP levels significantly correlated with reduced tolerance to chemotherapy, and FO-enriched nutrition improved chemotherapy tolerance and prognosis, particularly in gastrointestinal cancer patients with a modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) of 1 or 2. We conclude that FO-enriched nutrition may improve the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia and systemic inflammation (i.e., those with a mGPS of 1 or 2).
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9
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IL-6 promotes an increase in human mast cell numbers and reactivity through suppression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1863-1871.e6. [PMID: 26774658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6, levels of which are reported to be increased in association with mastocytosis, asthma, and urticaria, is used in conjunction with stem cell factor to generate CD34(+) cell-derived primary human mast cell (HuMC) cultures. Despite these associations, the effects on and mechanisms by which prolonged exposure to IL-6 alters HuMC numbers and function are not well understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to study the effect of IL-6 on HuMC function, the mechanisms by which IL-6 exerts its effects, and the relationship of these findings to mastocytosis. METHODS HuMCs were cultured in stem cell factor with or without IL-6. Responses to FcεRI aggregation and expression of proteases and receptors, including the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), were then quantitated. Epigenetic changes in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) were determined by using methylation-specific PCR. Serum samples from healthy control subjects and patients with mastocytosis were assayed for IL-6, tryptase, and sIL-6R. RESULTS IL-6 enhanced mast cell (MC) proliferation, maturation, and reactivity after FcεRI aggregation. IL-6 reduced expression of SOCS3, which correlated with methylation of the SOCS3 promoter and increased expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. IL-6 also suppressed constitutive production of sIL-6R, and serum levels of sIL-6R were similarly reduced in patients with mastocytosis. CONCLUSION IL-6 increases MC proliferation and formation of a more reactive phenotype enabled by suppressing proteolytic cleavage of sIL-6R from IL-6R and downregulation of the SOCS3 autoinhibitory pathway. We suggest IL-6 blockade might ameliorate MC-related symptoms and pathology in patients with MC-related diseases associated with increased IL-6 levels, including mastocytosis.
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Kalra RS, Cheung CT, Chaudhary A, Prakash J, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. CARF (Collaborator of ARF) overexpression in p53-deficient cells promotes carcinogenesis. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1877-89. [PMID: 26278998 PMCID: PMC5528716 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborator of ARF (CARF), initially identified as a binding partner of ARF (Alternate Reading Frame), has been shown to activate ARF-p53 pathway by multiple ways including stabilization of ARF and p53 tumor suppressor proteins, and transcriptional repression of a p53 antagonist, HDM2. Level of CARF expression was shown to determine fate of cells. Whereas its knockdown caused apoptosis, its over- and super-expressions caused senescence and increase in malignant properties of cancer cells, respectively, and were closely linked to increase and decrease in p53 activity. Using p53-compromised cancer cells, we demonstrate that CARF induces growth arrest when wild type p53 is present and in p53-absence, it promotes carcinogenesis. Biochemical analyses on CARF-induced molecular signaling revealed that in p53-null cells, it caused transcriptional repression of p21(WAF1) leading to increase in CDK4, CDK6, pRb and E2F1 resulting in continued cell cycle progression. Furthermore, it instigated increase in migration and invasion of cancer cells that was marked by upregulation of MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, uPA, several interleukins and VEGF expression. Consistent with these findings, we found that human clinical samples of epithelial and glial cancers (frequently marked by loss of p53 function) possessed high level of CARF expression showing a relationship with cancer aggressiveness. The data demonstrated that CARF could be considered as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target in p53-compromised malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar S Kalra
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Caroline T Cheung
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Jay Prakash
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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11
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Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Goel A. An update on microRNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers: where are we and what's next? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:999-1021. [PMID: 25163355 PMCID: PMC4374444 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.946907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are abundant classes of small, endogenous non-coding RNAs, which inhibit the expression of target gene via post-transcriptional regulation. In addition to an important functional role miRNAs play in carcinogenesis, emerging evidence has demonstrated their feasibility as robust cancer biomarkers. In particular, the recent discovery of miRNAs in the body fluids provides an attractive opportunity for the development of non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and predictive response to cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and accumulating data provides a compelling case for the potential exploitation of miRNAs as CRC-biomarkers. This review summarizes the current state of literature in the field, focusing on the clinical relevance of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC treatment and discussing the forthcoming challenges to further advance this exciting field of 'academic research' into 'bedside clinical care' of patients suffering from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246-2017, USA
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12
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Saied A, Licata L, Burga RA, Thorn M, McCormack E, Stainken BF, Assanah EO, Khare PD, Davies R, Espat NJ, Junghans RP, Katz SC. Neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios and serum cytokine changes after hepatic artery chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell infusions for liver metastases. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:457-62. [PMID: 25277132 PMCID: PMC4245365 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Our phase I Hepatic Immunotherapy for Metastases (HITM) trial tested the safety of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cell (CAR-T) hepatic artery infusions (HAI) for unresectable CEA+ liver metastases (LM). High neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios (NLR) predict poor outcome in cancer patients and we hypothesized that NLR changes would correlate with early responses to CAR-T HAI. Methods Six patients completed the protocol. Three patients received CAR-T HAI in dose escalation (1 × 108, 1 × 109, and 1 × 1010cells) and the remainder received 3 doses (1 × 1010 cells) with IL2 support. Serum cytokines and NLR were measured at multiple time points. Results The mean NLR for all patients was 13.9 (range 4.8-38.1). NLR increased in four patients following treatment with a mean fold change of 1.9. Serum IL6 levels and NLR fold-changes demonstrated a trend towards a positive correlation (r=0.77, p=0.10). Patients with poor CEA responses were significantly more likely to have higher NLR level increases (p=0.048). Conclusions Increased NLR levels were associated with poor responses following CAR-T HAI. NLR variations and associated cytokine changes may be useful surrogates of response to CAR-T HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saied
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Licata
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Burga
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Thorn
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E McCormack
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B F Stainken
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E O Assanah
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P D Khare
- Roger Williams Medical Center, GMP Core Facility and Clinical Protocol Office, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Davies
- Roger Williams Medical Center, GMP Core Facility and Clinical Protocol Office, Providence, RI, USA
| | - N J Espat
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R P Junghans
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Katz
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Providence, RI/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Gene expression profiling of colorectal tumors and normal mucosa by microarrays meta-analysis using prediction analysis of microarray, artificial neural network, classification, and regression trees. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:634123. [PMID: 24959000 PMCID: PMC4055246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microarray technology shows great potential but previous studies were limited by small number of samples in the colorectal cancer (CRC) research. The aims of this study are to investigate gene expression profile of CRCs by pooling cDNA microarrays using PAM, ANN, and decision trees (CART and C5.0). METHODS Pooled 16 datasets contained 88 normal mucosal tissues and 1186 CRCs. PAM was performed to identify significant expressed genes in CRCs and models of PAM, ANN, CART, and C5.0 were constructed for screening candidate genes via ranking gene order of significances. RESULTS The first screening identified 55 genes. The test accuracy of each model was over 0.97 averagely. Less than eight genes achieve excellent classification accuracy. Combining the results of four models, we found the top eight differential genes in CRCs; suppressor genes, CA7, SPIB, GUCA2B, AQP8, IL6R and CWH43; oncogenes, SPP1 and TCN1. Genes of higher significances showed lower variation in rank ordering by different methods. CONCLUSION We adopted a two-tier genetic screen, which not only reduced the number of candidate genes but also yielded good accuracy (nearly 100%). This method can be applied to future studies. Among the top eight genes, CA7, TCN1, and CWH43 have not been reported to be related to CRC.
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Yasuhiro Inoue Y, Toiyama Y, Tanaka K, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Consideration of therapeutic approach to advanced colorectal cancer in elderly patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY AND ONCOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0201.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Ho GY, Wang T, Zheng SL, Tinker L, Xu J, Rohan TE, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Xue X, Augenlicht LH, Peters U, Phipps AI, Strickler HD, Gunter MJ, Cushman M. Circulating soluble cytokine receptors and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:179-88. [PMID: 24192010 PMCID: PMC3947182 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble cytokine receptors and receptor antagonist of proinflammatory cytokines can modify cytokine signaling and may affect cancer risk. METHODS In a case-cohort study nested within the Women's Health Initiative cohort of postmenopausal women, we assessed the associations of plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the soluble receptors of IL-1 (sIL-1R2), IL-6 (sIL-6R and sgp130), and TNF (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) with risk of colorectal cancer in 433 cases and 821 subcohort subjects. Baseline levels of estradiol, insulin, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α measured previously were also available for data analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for significant covariates, including age, race, smoking, colonoscopy history, waist circumference, and levels of estrogen, insulin, and leptin, relatively high levels of sIL-6R and sIL-1R2 were associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk [HRs comparing extreme quartiles (HRQ4-Q1) for sIL-6R, 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38-0.83; HRQ4-Q1 for sIL-1R2, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.67]. The associations with IL-1Ra, sgp130, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were null. The inverse association of sIL-1R2 with colorectal cancer risk persisted in cases diagnosed ≤5 and >5 years from baseline blood draw; the association with sIL-6R, however, was not evident in the latter group, possibly indicating that relatively low levels of sIL-6R in cases might be due to undiagnosed cancer at the time of blood draw. CONCLUSIONS High circulating levels of sIL-1R2 may be protective against colorectal carcinogenesis and/or be a marker of reduced risk for the disease. IMPACT sIL-1R2 has potential to be a chemopreventive and/or immunotherapeutic agent in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y.F. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Siqun L. Zheng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Cushman
- Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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16
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Nagasaki T, Hara M, Nakanishi H, Takahashi H, Sato M, Takeyama H. Interleukin-6 released by colon cancer-associated fibroblasts is critical for tumour angiogenesis: anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumour-stroma interaction. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:469-78. [PMID: 24346288 PMCID: PMC3899773 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role in cancer progression, and high levels of plasma IL-6 are correlated with a poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. It has also been reported that tumour stromal fibroblasts are necessary for steps in cancer progression, such as angiogenesis. There have been few reports of a correlation between fibroblast actions and IL-6 levels. In this study, we examined the correlation between cancer stromal fibroblasts and IL-6 and the utility of IL-6 as a therapeutic target in human colon cancer. Methods: The expression levels of IL-6 and VEGF of fibroblasts and cancer cell lines were evaluated using real-time PCR and ELISA. The anti-angiogenic effect of inhibiting IL-6 signalling was measured in an angiogenesis model and animal experiment. Results: We demonstrate that stromal fibroblasts isolated from colon cancer produced significant amounts of IL-6 and that colon cancer cells enhanced IL-6 production by stromal fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-6 enhanced VEGF production by fibroblasts, thereby inducing angiogenesis. In vivo, anti-IL6 receptor antibody targeting stromal tissue showed greater anti-tumour activity than did anti-IL6 receptor antibody targeting xenografted cancer cells. Conclusion: Cancer stromal fibroblasts were an important source of IL-6 in colon cancer. IL-6 produced by activated fibroblasts induced tumour angiogenesis by stimulating adjacent stromal fibroblasts. The relationship between IL-6 and stromal fibroblasts offers new approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - M Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - H Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - H Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Gordziel C, Bratsch J, Moriggl R, Knösel T, Friedrich K. Both STAT1 and STAT3 are favourable prognostic determinants in colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:138-46. [PMID: 23756862 PMCID: PMC3708576 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activities of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways have been implicated in the development and spread of various cancer entities, among them colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Transcription factors STAT3 and STAT1, both downstream effectors of interleukin (IL)-6 and its receptor, are involved in growth and developmental control of CRC cells. Constituents of the signalling network around IL-6 and STAT activation are discussed as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC. METHODS By immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray covering >400 CRC biopsies, the expression and activity status of STAT1, STAT3 as well as of IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor α-chain was determined. The outcome was correlated with clinical information and patients' survival data. Colorectal carcinoma biopsies were also analysed for specific DNA-binding activity of STATs. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed tendential associations between individual STATs, IL-6/IL-6 receptor-α and clinicopathological parameters. The study revealed a significant correlation of high STAT1 activity with longer patient overall survival. Surprisingly, strong STAT3 expression in surgical specimens was correlated with an increase in median overall survival by about 30 months. Statistical analysis revealed that high expression levels of STAT1 and STAT3 were associated. This finding was backed up by biochemical data that showed simultaneous STAT1 and STAT3 DNA-binding activity in randomly selected CRC biopsies. CONCLUSION By multivariate data analysis, we could show that STAT3 expression and activity constitutes an independent favourable prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gordziel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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Kim SW, Park KC, Jeon SM, Ohn TB, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH. Abrogation of galectin-4 expression promotes tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 36:169-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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