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Ong JJY, De Felice M. Migraine Treatment: Current Acute Medications and Their Potential Mechanisms of Action. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:274-290. [PMID: 29235068 PMCID: PMC5935632 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common and disabling primary headache disorder with a significant socioeconomic burden. The management of migraine is multifaceted and is generally dichotomized into acute and preventive strategies, with several treatment modalities. The aims of acute pharmacological treatment are to rapidly restore function with minimal recurrence, with the avoidance of side effects. The choice of pharmacological treatment is individualized, and is based on the consideration of the characteristics of the migraine attack, the patient's concomitant medical problems, and treatment preferences. Notwithstanding, a good understanding of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the various drug options is essential to guide therapy. The current approach and concepts relevant to the acute pharmacological treatment of migraine will be explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
- Headache Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, National University Health System, University Medicine Cluster, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Milena De Felice
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Johnson MW, Sewell RA, Griffiths RR. Psilocybin dose-dependently causes delayed, transient headaches in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123:132-40. [PMID: 22129843 PMCID: PMC3345296 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psilocybin is a well-characterized classic hallucinogen (psychedelic) with a long history of religious use by indigenous cultures, and nonmedical use in modern societies. Although psilocybin is structurally related to migraine medications, and case studies suggest that psilocybin may be efficacious in treatment of cluster headache, little is known about the relationship between psilocybin and headache. METHODS This double-blind study examined a broad range of psilocybin doses (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/70 kg) on headache in 18 healthy participants. RESULTS Psilocybin frequently caused headache, the incidence, duration, and severity of which increased in a dose-dependent manner. All headaches had delayed onset, were transient, and lasted no more than a day after psilocybin administration. CONCLUSIONS Possible mechanisms for these observations are discussed, and include induction of delayed headache through nitric oxide release. These data suggest that headache is an adverse event to be expected with the nonmedical use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms as well as the administration of psilocybin in human research. Headaches were neither severe nor disabling, and should not present a barrier to future psilocybin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Biology Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA.
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Radenković M, Stojanović M, Topalović M. Contribution of thromboxane a₂ in rat common carotid artery response to serotonin. Sci Pharm 2010; 78:435-43. [PMID: 21179356 PMCID: PMC3002812 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1004-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a vasoactive substance that in different blood vessels mostly induces vasoconstriction. Considering the important role of common carotid artery in brain blood supply, the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of serotonin on isolated rat common carotid artery and also to examine participation of intact endothelium, cyclooxygenase products, Ca++ channels and 5-HT2 receptors in serotonin-evoked action. Endothelium was mechanically removed from some vascular rings. Circular artery segments were placed in organ baths containing Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves for serotonin were obtained in rings previously equilibrated at basal tone. Serotonin produced concentration-dependent contraction, which was unaltered by endothelial denudation. Serotonin-induced effect was notably and comparably reduced by indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) or OKY–046 (thromboxane A2-synthase inhibitor) on intact or denuded rings. Nifedipine (Ca++ channel blocker) or ketanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) strongly reduced serotonin-evoked effect. Our results suggest that serotonin produced concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent contraction of carotid artery, which was initiated by activation of 5-HT2 receptors located on smooth muscle cells and mediated via L-type Ca++ channels. Thromboxane A2 from smooth muscle cells notably contributed to the overall contraction of carotid artery induced by serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Radenković
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical Faculty; University of Belgrade; PO Box 38; 11129 Belgrade; Serbia.
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Tfelt-Hansen PC, Koehler PJ. History of the Use of Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine in Migraine From 1906 and Onward. Cephalalgia 2008; 28:877-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dale showed in 1906 in a seminal work that ergot inhibits the pressor effect of adrenaline. Stoll at Sandoz isolated ergotamine from ergot in 1918. Based on the belief that migraine was due to increased sympathetic activity, ergotamine was first used in the acute treatment of migraine by Maier in Switzerland in 1925. In 1938 Graham and Wolff demonstrated the parallel decrease of temporal pulsations and headache after ergotamine i.v. This inspired the vascular theory of Wolff: an initial cerebral vasoconstriction followed by an extracranial vasodilation. Dihydroergotamine (DHE) was introduced as an adrenolytic agent in 1943. It is still in use parenterally and by the nasal route. Before the triptan era ergotamine and DHE had widespread use as the only specific antimigraine drugs. From 1950 the world literature on ergotamine was dominated by two adverse events: ergotamine overuse headache and the relatively rare overt ergotism. Recently, oral ergotamine, which has an oral bioavailability of < 1%, has been inferior to oral triptans in randomized clinical trials. A European Consensus in 2000 concluded that ergotamine is not a drug of first choice. In an American review of 2003 it was suggested that ergotamine may be considered in the treatment of selected patients with moderate to severe migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- PC Tfelt-Hansen
- Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - PJ Koehler
- Department of Neurology, Atrium Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the past 30 years, animal models of migraine have led to the identification of novel drug targets and drug treatments as well as helped to clarify a mechanism for abortive and prophylactic drugs. Animal models have also provided translational knowledge and a framework to think about the impact of hormones, genes, and environmental factors on migraine pathophysiology. Although most acknowledge that these animal models have significant shortcomings, promising new drugs are now being developed and brought to the clinic using these preclinical models. Hence, it is timely to provide a short overview examining the ways in which animal models inform us about underlying migraine mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS First generation migraine models mainly focused on events within pain-generating intracranial tissues, for example, the dura mater and large vessels, as well as their downstream consequences within brain. Upstream events such as cortical spreading depression have also been modeled recently and provide insight into mechanisms of migraine prophylaxis. Mouse mutants expressing human migraine mutations have been genetically engineered to provide an understanding of familial hemiplegic migraine and possibly, by extrapolation, may reflect on the pathophysiology of more common migraine subtypes. SUMMARY Animal models of migraine reflect distinct facets of this clinically heterogeneous disorder and contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and pharmacology.
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Maassenvandenbrink A, Chan KY. Neurovascular pharmacology of migraine. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:313-9. [PMID: 18423447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a paroxysmal neurovascular disorder, which affects a significant proportion of the population. Since dilation of cranial blood vessels is likely to be responsible for the headache experienced in migraine, many experimental models for the study of migraine have focussed on this feature. The current review discusses a model that is based on the constriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs, which has during the last decades proven of great value in identifying potential antimigraine drugs acting via a vascular mechanism. Further, the use of human isolated blood vessels in migraine research is discussed. Thirdly, we describe an integrated neurovascular model, where dural vasodilatation in response to trigeminal perivascular nerve stimulation can be studied. Such a model not only allows an in-depth characterization of directly vascularly acting drugs, but also of drugs that are supposed to act via inhibition of vasodilator responses to endogenous neuropeptides, or of drugs that inhibit the release of these neuropeptides. We discuss the use of this model in a study on the influence of female sex hormones on migraine. Finally, the implementation of this model in mice is considered. Such a murine model allows the use of genetically modified animals, which will lead to a better understanding of the ion channel mutations that are found in migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Maassenvandenbrink
- Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Villalón CM, Centurión D. Cardiovascular responses produced by 5-hydroxytriptamine:a pharmacological update on the receptors/mechanisms involved and therapeutic implications. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:45-63. [PMID: 17703282 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of cardiovascular responses produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), including bradycardia or tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension, and vasodilatation or vasoconstriction, has been explained by the capability of this monoamine to interact with different receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), on the autonomic ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings, on vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, and on the cardiac tissue. Depending, among other factors, on the species, the vascular bed under study, and the experimental conditions, these responses are mainly mediated by 5-HT(1), 5-HT(2), 5-HT(3), 5-HT(4), 5-ht(5A/5B), and 5-HT(7) receptors as well as by a tyramine-like action or unidentified mechanisms. It is noteworthy that 5-HT(6) receptors do not seem to be involved in the cardiovascular responses to 5-HT. Regarding heart rate, intravenous (i.v.) administration of 5-HT usually lowers this variable by eliciting a von Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex via 5-HT(3) receptors located on sensory vagal nerve endings in the heart. Other bradycardic mechanisms include cardiac sympatho-inhibition by prejunctional 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors and, in the case of the rat, an additional 5-ht(5A/5B) receptor component. Moreover, i.v. 5-HT can increase heart rate in different species (after vagotomy) by a variety of mechanisms/receptors including activation of: (1) myocardial 5-HT(2A) (rat), 5-HT(3) (dog), 5-HT(4) (pig, human), and 5-HT(7) (cat) receptors; (2) adrenomedullary 5-HT(2) (dog) and prejunctional sympatho-excitatory 5-HT(3) (rabbit) receptors associated with a release of catecholamines; (3) a tyramine-like action mechanism (guinea pig); and (4) unidentified mechanisms (certain lamellibranch and gastropod species). Furthermore, central administration of 5-HT can cause, in general, bradycardia and/or tachycardia mediated by activation of, respectively, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors. On the other hand, the blood pressure response to i.v. administration of 5-HT is usually triphasic and consists of an initial short-lasting vasodepressor response due to a reflex bradycardia (mediated by 5-HT(3) receptors located on vagal afferents, via the von Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex), a middle vasopressor phase, and a late, longer-lasting, vasodepressor response. The vasopressor response is a consequence of vasoconstriction mainly mediated by 5-HT(2A) receptors; however, vasoconstriction in the canine saphenous vein and external carotid bed as well as in the porcine cephalic arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses is due to activation of 5-HT(1B) receptors. The late vasodepressor response may involve three different mechanisms: (1) direct vasorelaxation by activation of 5-HT(7) receptors located on vascular smooth muscle; (2) inhibition of the vasopressor sympathetic outflow by sympatho-inhibitory 5-HT(1A/1B/1D) receptors; and (3) release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide) by 5-HT(2B) and/or 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors. Furthermore, central administration of 5-HT can cause both hypotension (mainly mediated by 5-HT(1A) receptors) and hypertension (mainly mediated by 5-HT(2) receptors). The increasing availability of new compounds with high affinity and selectivity for the different 5-HT receptor subtypes makes it possible to develop drugs with potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of some cardiovascular illnesses including hypertension, migraine, some peripheral vascular diseases, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav-Coapa, Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Delegación Tlalpan, 14330 México D.F., Mexico.
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Mehrotra S, Gupta S, Garrelds IM, Villalón CM, Saxena PR, Bogers AJJC, Maassenvandenbrink A. Effects of current and prospective antimigraine drugs on the porcine isolated meningeal artery. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 374:163-75. [PMID: 17103145 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-006-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vasoconstriction to agonists at serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors, as well as vasodilatation induced by alpha-CGRP, have been well described in the porcine carotid circulation in vivo. The present study sets out to investigate the effects of current and prospective antimigraine drugs on porcine meningeal artery segments in vitro. Sumatriptan, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, isometheptene and clonidine failed to contract the meningeal artery, but 5-HT, noradrenaline and phenylephrine induced concentration-dependent contractions. The contractions to 5-HT were competitively antagonized by the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin, whilst those to noradrenaline were antagonized by alpha(1)-(prazosin), alpha(2)-(rauwolscine and yohimbine) and alpha(2C/2B)-(OPC-28326) adrenoceptor antagonists. Whilst dobutamine and salbutamol were ineffective, alpha-CGRP produced concentration-dependent relaxations that were antagonized by the CGRP(1) receptor antagonist olcegepant. In agreement with their lack of contractile effect, sumatriptan and ergotamine failed to influence forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the porcine meningeal artery; in contrast, both compounds decreased forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the human isolated saphenous vein, where they induced contractions. Finally, using RT-PCR, we could demonstrate the presence of mRNAs encoding for several 5-HT receptors (5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D), 5-HT(1F), 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(7)) and adrenoceptors (alpha(1A), alpha(1B), alpha(1D), alpha(2A), alpha(2B), alpha(2C), beta(1) and beta(2)), as well as that for the calcitonin receptor like receptor, a component of the CGRP(1) receptor. These results suggest that: (i) the porcine meningeal artery may not be involved in the vasoconstriction of the carotid vascular bed elicited by antimigraine drugs in anaesthetized pigs, and (ii) the mismatch between the presence of receptor mRNA and the lack of response to sumatriptan, dobutamine and salbutamol implies that mRNAs for the 5-HT(1B) receptor and beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors are probably unstable, or that their density is too low for being translated as receptor protein in sufficient quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneet Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Arulmani U, Gupta S, VanDenBrink AM, Centurión D, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Experimental migraine models and their relevance in migraine therapy. Cephalalgia 2006; 26:642-59. [PMID: 16686903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the understanding of migraine pathophysiology is incomplete, it is now well accepted that this neurovascular syndrome is mainly due to a cranial vasodilation with activation of the trigeminal system. Several experimental migraine models, based on vascular and neuronal involvement, have been developed. Obviously, the migraine models do not entail all facets of this clinically heterogeneous disorder, but their contribution at several levels (molecular, in vitro, in vivo) has been crucial in the development of novel antimigraine drugs and in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology. One important vascular in vivo model, based on an assumption that migraine headache involves cranial vasodilation, determines porcine arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow. Other models utilize electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion/nerve to study neurogenic dural inflammation, while the superior sagittal sinus stimulation model takes into account the transmission of trigeminal nociceptive input in the brainstem. More recently, the introduction of integrated models, namely electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion or systemic administration of capsaicin, allows studying the activation of the trigeminal system and its effect on the cranial vasculature. Studies using in vitro models have contributed enormously during the preclinical stage to characterizing the receptors in cranial blood vessels and to studying the effects of several putative antimigraine agents. The aforementioned migraine models have advantages as well as some limitations. The present review is devoted to discussing various migraine models and their relevance to antimigraine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Arulmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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John GW, Perez M, Pauwels PJ, Grand B, Verscheure Y, Colpaert FC. Donitriptan, a Unique High-Efficacy 5-HT1B/1D Agonist: Key Features and Acute Antimigraine Potential. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2000.tb00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Terrón JA. 2-(2-aminoethyl)-quinoline (D-1997): A Novel Agonist at Craniovascular 5-HT1 Receptors Relevant to Migraine Therapy. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2000.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Létienne R, Blanchet JC, Sole E, John GW, Le Grand B. Donitriptan decreases jugular venous oxygen saturation in rats in the absence of cranial vasoconstriction: an overlooked mechanism of antimigraine action? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:849-57. [PMID: 16027226 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether donitriptan and sumatriptan decreased jugular venous oxygen saturation and increased carbon dioxide partial pressure in venous blood. However, previous studies conducted with these compounds cannot discriminate whether the decrease of venous oxygen saturation is dependent of cranial vasoconstrictor. In the present study, vehicle (n = 10), donitriptan (2.5, 10, and 40 microg/kg; n = 8) or sumatriptan (630 microg/kg; n = 8) were infused into the carotid artery in the anesthetized rat. Regional blood flows were evaluated in the presence of donitriptan (10 microg/kg; n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6). Jugular venous oxygen saturation was significantly decreased by donitriptan (from 10 microg/kg) with maximal changes of -32.9 +/- 8.0%. Jugular carbon dioxide partial pressure was increased by donitriptan, reaching maximal changes of 17.7 +/- 4.6% (P < 0.05 versus vehicle). Similarly, sumatriptan significantly decreased venous oxygen saturation and increased jugular carbon dioxide partial pressure. These changes induced by donitriptan are abolished by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(1B/1D) receptor antagonist GR 127935 (N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-[-methyl-4(5-methyl-1,2,4)-oxadiazol-3-yl]-(1,1 biphenyl)-4-carboxamide dihydrochloride). In addition, donitriptan was devoid of significant effects on systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, or regional blood flows, including systemic arterial-jugular venous anastomotic, systemic, or cranial. The results demonstrate that donitriptan increases cerebral oxygen consumption by 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor activation in the absence of cranial vasoconstriction.
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Kapoor K, Willems EW, Maassen VanDenBrink A, Heiligers JPC, Cordi AA, Vayssettes-Courchay C, Verbeuren TJ, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Assessment of anti-migraine potential of a novel alpha-adrenoceptor agonist S19014: effects on porcine carotid and regional haemodynamics and human coronary artery. Cephalalgia 2005; 24:425-38. [PMID: 15154852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account the drawbacks associated with the use of triptans, attempts are being made to explore other avenues for the treatment of migraine. Recently, it has been shown that both alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors mediate the constriction of porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses, which has effectively served as an experimental model predictive of anti-migraine activity. The present study investigated the effects of a novel alpha-adrenoceptor agonist S19014 (spiro[(1,3-diazacyclopent-1-ene)-5 : 2'-(4',5'-dimethylindane)] fumarate) on carotid and systemic haemodynamics in anaesthetized pigs, and on human isolated coronary arteries. Increasing doses of S19014 (1-30 micro g/kg, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent initial short-lasting vasopressor response and a decrease of total carotid blood flow and conductance. The carotid blood flow and conductance changes were exclusively due to constriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses (capillary blood flow increased) and were accompanied by an increase in arterio-jugular venous oxygen saturation difference. Whereas prazosin (100 micro g/kg, i.v.) was ineffective, rauwolscine (300 micro g/kg, i.v.) attenuated the responses to S19014. The compound did not much affect the distribution of cardiac output to peripheral organs when compared with the vehicle group. Furthermore, S19014 only slightly contracted the human isolated coronary artery and its contractions, contrary to those of sumatriptan, were not increased in blood vessels pre-contracted with U46619. These results suggest that (i) the systemic and carotid vascular effects of S19014 are mainly mediated by alpha2-adrenoceptors, and (ii) S19014 could be effective in the treatment of migraine with an improved cardiovascular tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kapoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute 'COEUR', Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Villalón CM, Centurión D, Willems EW, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Valdivia LF. 5-HT1B receptors and alpha 2A/2C-adrenoceptors mediate external carotid vasoconstriction to dihydroergotamine. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 484:287-90. [PMID: 14744615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroergotamine produces external carotid vasoconstriction in vagosympathectomized dogs by 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. This study identified the specific subtypes involved in this response. One-minute intracarotid infusions of dihydroergotamine (5.6-10 microg/min) dose-dependently decreased external carotid blood flow without affecting blood pressure or heart rate. This response was: (1) partly blocked in dogs pretreated intravenously with the antagonists SB224289 (5-HT(1B); 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1'-methyl-5-[2'-methyl-4' (5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carbonyl]furo[2,3-f]indole-3-spiro-4'-piperidine hydrochloride), rauwolscine (alpha(2)), BRL44408 (alpha(2A); 2-[2H-(1-methyl-1,3-dihydroisoindole)methyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazole) or MK912 (alpha(2C); (2S,12bS)-1'3'-dimethylspiro(1,3,4,5',6,6',7,12b-octahydro-2Hbenzo[b]furo[2,3-a]quinazoline)-2,4'-pyrimidin-2'-one); (2) markedly blocked after SB224289 plus rauwolscine; and (3) unaffected after BRL15572 (5-HT(1D); 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[3,3-diphenyl (2-(S,R) hydroxypropanyl) piperazine] hydrochloride) or imiloxan (alpha(2B)). Therefore, the above response involves 5-HT(1B) receptors and alpha(2A/2C)-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Valdivia LF, Centurión D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalón CM. 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 370:46-53. [PMID: 15224175 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has previously been suggested that ergotamine produces external carotid vasoconstriction in vagosympathectomised dogs via 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. The present study has reanalysed this suggestion by using more selective antagonists alone and in combination. Fifty-two anaesthetised dogs were prepared for ultrasonic measurements of external carotid blood flow. The animals were divided into thirteen groups (n=4 each) receiving an i.v. bolus injection of, either physiological saline (0.3 ml/kg; control), or the antagonists SB224289 (300 microg/kg; 5-HT1B), BRL15572 (300 microg/kg; 5-HT1D), rauwolscine (300 microg/kg; alpha2), SB224289 + BRL15572 (300 microg/kg each), SB224289 + rauwolscine (300 microg/kg each), BRL15572 + rauwolscine (300 microg/kg each), rauwolscine (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg; alpha1), SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg), SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + rauwolscine (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg), SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg) + BRL44408 (1,000 microg/kg; alpha2A), SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg)+ imiloxan (1,000 microg/kg; alpha2B), or SB224289 (300 microg/kg) + prazosin (100 microg/kg) + MK912 (300 microg/kg; alpha2C). Each group received consecutive 1-min intracarotid infusions of ergotamine (0.56, 1, 1.8, 3.1, 5.6, 10 and 18 microg/min), following a cumulative schedule. In saline-pretreated animals, ergotamine induced dose-dependent decreases in external carotid blood flow without affecting arterial blood pressure or heart rate. These control responses were: unaffected by SB224289, BRL15572, rauwolscine or the combinations of SB224289 + BRL15572, BRL15572 + rauwolscine, rauwolscine + prazosin, SB224289 + prazosin, or SB224289 + prazosin + imiloxan; slightly blocked by SB224289 + rauwolscine; and markedly blocked by SB224289 + rauwolscine + prazosin, SB224289 + prazosin + BRL44408 or SB224289 + prazosin + MK912. Thus, the cranio-selective vasoconstriction elicited by ergotamine in dogs is predominantly mediated by 5-HT1B receptors as well as alpha2A/2C-adrenoceptor subtypes and, to a lesser extent, by alpha1-adrenoceptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, External/drug effects
- Dogs
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Ergotamine/pharmacology
- Hypotension/chemically induced
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Injections, Intravenous
- Isoindoles
- Male
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperidones/pharmacology
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Quinolizines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Regional Blood Flow/physiology
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Sympathectomy/methods
- Vagotomy/methods
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Yohimbine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Valdivia
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Deleg. Tlalpan, CP 14330, México DF, México
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16
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Schaerlinger B, Hickel P, Etienne N, Guesnier L, Maroteaux L. Agonist actions of dihydroergotamine at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors and their possible relevance to antimigraine efficacy. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 140:277-84. [PMID: 12970106 PMCID: PMC1574033 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The pharmaceutical compound, dihydroergotamine (DHE) is dispensed to prevent and reduce the occurrence of migraine attacks. Although still controversial, the prophylactic effect of this drug is believed to be caused through blockade and/or activation of numerous receptors including serotonin (5-HT) receptors of the 5-HT2 subtype. 2. To elucidate if 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2Rs) may be involved in DHE prophylactic effect, we performed investigations aimed to determine the respective pharmacological profile of DHE and of its major metabolite 8'-hydroxy-DHE (8'-OH-DHE) at the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2CRs by binding, inositol triphosphate (IP3) or cyclic GMP (cGMP) coupling studies in transfected fibroblasts. 3. DHE and 8'-OH-DHE are competitive compounds at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2CRs. 8'-OH-DHE interaction at (5-HT2BRs) was best fitted by a biphasic competition curve and displayed the highest affinity with a Ki of 5 nm. These two compounds acted as agonists for both receptors in respect to cGMP production with pEC50 of 8.32+/-0.09 for 8'-OH-DHE at 5-HT2B and 7.83+/-0.06 at 5-HT2CRs. 4. Knowing that the antimigraine prophylactic effect of DHE is only observed after long-term treatment, we chronically exposed the recombinant cells to DHE and 8'-OH-DHE. The number of 5-HT2BR-binding sites was always more affected than 5-HT2CRs. At 5-HT2BRs, 8'-OH-DHE was more effective than DHE, with an uncoupling that persisted for more than 40 h for IP3 or cGMP. By contrast, the 5-HT2CR coupling was reversible after either treatment. 5. Chronic exposure to 8'-OH-DHE caused a persistent agonist-mediated desensitisation of 5-HT2B, but not 5-HT2CRs. This may be of relevance to therapeutic actions of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schaerlinger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS, US184 INSERM, Université L. Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142-67404 Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - P Hickel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS, US184 INSERM, Université L. Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142-67404 Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - N Etienne
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS, US184 INSERM, Université L. Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142-67404 Illkirch, Cedex, France
| | - L Guesnier
- Schwarz-Pharma, 235 av Le Jour se Lève, 92651 Boulogne-Billancourt, Cedex, France
| | - L Maroteaux
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104 CNRS, US184 INSERM, Université L. Pasteur de Strasbourg, BP 10142-67404 Illkirch, Cedex, France
- Author for correspondence:
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17
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Goadsby PJ, Classey JD. Evidence for serotonin (5-HT)1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptor inhibitory effects on trigeminal neurons with craniovascular input. Neuroscience 2003; 122:491-8. [PMID: 14614913 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of serotonin (5HT(1B/1D)) agonists for the acute attack of migraine resulted in considerable interest in their action. The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was isolated in alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg, i.p. and 20 mg/kg i.v.i. supplementary 2 hourly) anaesthetised cats. The SSS was stimulated electrically (100 V, 250 micros duration, 0.3 Hz) and neurons of the trigeminocervical complex monitored using electrophysiological methods. To test 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated activity common carotid blood flow (CCF) was monitored with a transonic flow probe placed around the vessel. Naratriptan (5-HT(1B/1D/1F) receptor agonist) and alniditan (5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist) produced reductions in carotid blood flow of 38+/-5% and 42+/-6%, respectively. These effects were attenuated by the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist SB224289 (P<0.05). LY344864 (5-HT(1F) receptor agonist) had no effect on CCF. Naratriptan inhibited SSS-evoked activity (61+/-7%), an effect partially inhibited by the 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist SB224289 (30+/-5%), or by the 5-HT(1D) receptor antagonist BRL-15572 (37+/-6%). There remained an inhibitory effect of naratriptan after both 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor blockade (22+/-5%). Alniditan inhibited SSS-evoked trigeminal activity (53+/-6%), an effect abolished after 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptor blockade. LY344864 (5-HT(1F) receptor agonist) inhibited SSS-evoked trigeminal activity (28+/-5%), an effect unaltered by either SB224289 or BRL-15572. It can be concluded that there are inhibitory 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and 5-HT(1F) receptors in the trigeminocervical complex of the cat. 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated inhibition is the most potent of the three in terms of inhibition of trigeminovascular nociceptive traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Goadsby
- Headache Group, Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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18
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Lambert GA, Boers PM, Hoskin KL, Donaldson C, Zagami AS. Suppression by eletriptan of the activation of trigeminovascular sensory neurons by glyceryl trinitrate. Brain Res 2002; 953:181-8. [PMID: 12384251 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of intracarotid arterial infusions of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a substance known to precipitate vascular headache, on the spontaneous activity of trigeminal neurons with craniovascular input was studied in cats. Cats were anaesthetised with alpha-chloralose, immobilised and artificially ventilated. The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was isolated and stimulated electrically. Facial receptive fields (RF) were also stimulated. Single neurons were recorded from the trigeminal nucleus caudalis with a metal microelectrode equipped with six glass barrels for microiontophoresis. Infusions of GTN were administered via a catheter inserted retrogradely into the common carotid artery through the lingual artery. Infusions of GTN (mean rate 19+/-7, range 5-100 microg kg(-1) min(-1), in a volume of 2 ml min(-1)) increased the spontaneous discharge rate of second-order neurons which received dural and facial sensory input to 429+/-80% of control. Iontophoretic application of the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist eletriptan (50 nA) at the peak of the response decreased the discharge rate of neurons towards pre-GTN control levels. In the presence of continuous iontophoretic application of the 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist GR127935, the decrease in discharge rate caused by eletriptan was antagonised. We conclude (1) that GTN activates craniovascular sensory pathways at a site at, or peripheral to, the second-order neuron and that such an action may account for at least the acute-onset headache induced by GTN and (2) that the antimigraine agent eletriptan is able to selectively suppress noxious sensory information from the dura, induced by GTN, via an action at 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lambert
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, The Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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19
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Tom B, De Vries P, Heiligers JPC, Willems EW, Kapoor K, John GW, Saxena PR. Effects of donitriptan on carotid haemodynamics and cardiac output distribution in anaesthetized pigs. Cephalalgia 2002; 22:37-47. [PMID: 11993612 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of donitriptan, which possesses a uniquely high affinity and efficacy at 5-HT1B/1D receptors, on carotid and systemic haemodynamics in anaes thetized pigs. Donitriptan (0.16-100 microg kg(-1), i.v.) dose-dependently decreased total carotid blood flow and vascular conductance (maximum response: -25 +/- 3%). This effect was entirely due to a selective reduction in the cephalic arteriovenous anastomotic fraction (maximum response: - 63 +/- 3%; ED50%: 92 +/- 31 nmol/kg); the nutrient vascular conductance increased. Donitriptan did not decrease vascular conductances in or blood flow to a number of organs, including the heart and kidneys; in fact, vascular conductances in the skin, brain and skeletal muscles increased. Cardiac output was slightly decreased by donitriptan, but this effect was confined to peripheral arteriovenous anastomoses. The haemodynamic effects of donitriptan were substantially reduced by the 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist GR127935. These results show that donitriptan selectively constricts arteriovenous anastomoses via 5-HT1B receptor activation. The drug should be able to abort migraine headaches and it is unlikely to compromize blood flow to vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tom
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Willems EW, Heiligers JP, De Vries P, Tom B, Kapoor K, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. A61603-induced vasoconstriction in porcine carotid vasculature: involvement of a non-adrenergic mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 417:195-201. [PMID: 11334851 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the pharmacological profile of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors mediating constriction of porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses resembles that of alpha(1A)- and alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor subtypes. In an attempt to verify the involvement of alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors, we used the potent alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor agonist N-[5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2yl)-2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl]methane sulphonamide (A61603) and found that intracarotid (i.c.) administration of A61603 (0.3-10 microg kg(-1)) dose-dependently decreased porcine carotid blood flow and vascular conductance. This decrease was exclusively due to a constriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses; the capillary blood flow and conductance remained unchanged. Surprisingly, the responses to A61603 were little modified by prior i.v. treatment with 5-methylurapidil (1000 microg kg(-1)), prazosin (100 microg kg(-1)) or a combination of prazosin and rauwolscine (100 and 300 microg kg(-1), respectively). The 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor antagonist N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) phenyl]-2'-methyl-4'(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)[1,1,-biphenyl]-4-carboxamide hydrochloride monohydrate (GR127935; 500 microg kg(-1)) and ketanserin (500 microg kg(-1)) also failed to modify carotid vascular responses to A61603, but, interestingly, methiothepin (3000 microg kg(-1)) proved to be an effective antagonist. Taken together, the present results show that A61603 is a relatively poor agonist at the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor in anaesthetised pigs and that the carotid vasoconstriction produced by A61603 is mediated by a novel non-adrenergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Willems
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute "COEUR", Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam "EMCR", P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Willems EW, Heiligers JP, De Vries P, Kapoor K, Tom B, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in the carotid circulation of anaesthetized pigs: possible avenues for antimigraine drug development. Cephalalgia 2001; 21:110-9. [PMID: 11422093 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the alpha-adrenoceptors mediating vasoconstriction of porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses resemble both alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors, but no attempt was made to identify the specific subtypes (alpha1A, alpha1B and alpha1D) involved. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the specific subtype(s) of alpha1-adrenoceptors involved in the above response, using the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists 5-methylurapidil (alpha1A), L-765 314 (alpha1B) and BMY 7378 (alpha1D). Ten-minute intracarotid infusions of phenylephrine (1, 3 and 10 microgkg-1.min-1) induced a dose-dependent decrease in total carotid and arteriovenous anastomotic conductance, accompanied by a small tachycardia. These carotid vascular effects were abolished by L-765 314 (1000 microgkg-1; i.v.), while these responses were only attenuated by 5-methylurapidil (1000 microgkg-1; i.v.), and BMY 7378 (1000 microgkg-1; i.v.). Furthermore, intravenous bolus injections of phenylephrine (3 and 10 microgkg-1) produced a dose-dependent vasopressor response, which was only affected by 1000 microgkg-1 of 5-methylurapidil, while the other antagonists were ineffective. These results, coupled to the binding affinities of the above antagonists at the different alpha1-adrenoceptors, suggest that both alpha1A- and alpha1B-adrenoceptors mediate constriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. In view of the less ubiquitous nature of alpha1B- compared to alpha1A-adrenoceptors, the development of potent and selective alpha1B-adrenoceptor agonists may prove to be important for the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Willems
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute 'COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Willems EW, Valdivia LF, Saxena PR, Villalón CM. The role of several alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in the canine external carotid circulation. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 132:1292-8. [PMID: 11250880 PMCID: PMC1572658 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2000] [Revised: 11/20/2000] [Accepted: 12/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. It has recently been shown that both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors mediate vasoconstriction in the canine external carotid circulation. The present study set out to identify the specific subtypes (alpha(1A), alpha(1B) and alpha(1D) as well as alpha(2A), alpha(2B) and alpha(2C)) mediating the above response. 2. Consecutive 1 min intracarotid infusions of phenylephrine (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist) and BHT933 (alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist) produced dose-dependent decreases in external carotid blood flow, without affecting mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate. 3. The responses to phenylephrine were selectively antagonized by the antagonists, 5-methylurapidil (alpha(1A)) or BMY7378 (alpha(1D)), but not by L-765,314 (alpha(1B)), BRL44408 (alpha(2A)), imiloxan (alpha(2B)) or MK912 (alpha(2C)). In contrast, only BRL44408 or MK912 affected the responses to BHT933. 4. The above results support our contention that mainly the alpha(1A), alpha(1D), alpha(2A) and alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor subtypes mediate vasoconstriction in the canine external carotid circulation.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Azepines/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, External/drug effects
- Carotid Artery, External/physiology
- Dogs
- Female
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Isoindoles
- Male
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Prazosin/analogs & derivatives
- Prazosin/pharmacology
- Quinolizines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/physiology
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin W Willems
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Felipe Valdivia
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 México D.F., México
| | - Pramod R Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Calzada de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, 14330 México D.F., México
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23
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Auch-Schwelk W, Paetsch I, Krackhardt F, Gräfe M, Hetzer R, Fleck E. Modulation of contractions to ergonovine and methylergonovine by nitric oxide and thromboxane A2 in the human coronary artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2000; 36:631-9. [PMID: 11065224 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200011000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the modulatory effects of nitric oxide and thromboxane A2 on contractions to ergonovine and methylergonovine in human coronary arteries. To elucidate the different role of nitric oxide synthase in the response to the ergot alkaloids, the serotonin (5-HT) receptors involved in nitric oxide synthase in the response to the ergot alkaloids, the 5-HT receptors involved in nitric oxide release and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscle were characterized with more selective 5-HT-receptor agonists and antagonists. Rings of human coronary arteries from explanted hearts were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. After testing for contractile (potassium chloride, 60 mM) and endothelial function (substance P, 10(-8) M), respectively, they were exposed to ergot alkaloids or other agonists in the absence or presence of U 46619 (10(-9) M), or nitro-L-arginine (10(-4) M), or both. Ergonovine and methylergonovine were comparable, weak vasoconstrictors in untreated preparations. Contractions to ergonovine were augmented by U 46619, but not by nitro-L-arginine. Contractions to methylergonovine were augmented only by combining U 46619 and nitro-L-arginine. Serotonin and methylergonovine, but not ergonovine, elicited endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated relaxations. Nonselective 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor stimulation caused both contractions and relaxations; selective 5-HT1B stimulation caused relaxations only. In the human coronary artery, contractions to ergonovine are not dependent on NO release but are synergistically augmented by thromboxane. Methylergonovine causes similar effects on the vascular smooth muscle, but contractions are inhibited by the release of NO from the endothelium. The 5-HT receptor on the endothelium appears to be different from the receptor on the vascular smooth muscle, which mediates the contractile response to the ergot alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Auch-Schwelk
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, German Heart Institute Berlin.
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24
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Willems EW, Trion M, De Vries P, Heiligers JPC, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Pharmacological evidence that alpha1-and alpha2-adrenoceptors mediate vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 127:1263-71. [PMID: 10455274 PMCID: PMC1566127 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses may be involved in the therapeutic action of acutely acting anti-migraine agents, including the triptans and ergot alkaloids. While 5-HT1B/1D receptors mediate the effect of triptans, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine also interact with alpha-adrenoceptors. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors in mediating vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. Ten minute intracarotid infusions of phenylephrine (1, 3 and 10 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or BHT 933 (3, 10 and 30 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) produced dose-dependent decreases in total carotid and arteriovenous anastomotic conductances; no changes were observed in the capillary fraction. The carotid vascular effects of phenylephrine and BHT 933 were selectively abolished by prazosin (100 microg kg(-1), i.v.) and rauwolscine (300 microg kg(-1), i.v.), respectively. The responses to phenylephrine and BHT 933 were not affected by the selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist GR127935 (500 microg kg(-1), i.v.). These results show that both alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors can mediate vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. Since vasoconstrictor activity in this in vivo model is predictive of anti-migraine activity, an agonist activity at particularly the alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes, in view of their less ubiquitous nature, could provide migraine abortive potential. Thus, the present results may aid further understanding of the mode of action of some current anti-migraine agents and may eventually be helpful in the development of future treatment in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin W Willems
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute ‘COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo Trion
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute ‘COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Vries
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute ‘COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P C Heiligers
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute ‘COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos M Villalón
- Sección de Terapéutica Experimental, Departamento de Farmacología, CIN VESTAV, I.P.N., Apdo. Postal 22026, 14000 México D.F., México
| | - Pramod R Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute ‘COEUR', Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam ‘EMCR', P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Author for correspondence:
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De Vries P, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Pharmacological aspects of experimental headache models in relation to acute antimigraine therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 375:61-74. [PMID: 10443565 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a tremendous progress in the acute therapy of migraine, with sumatriptan, belonging to a new class of drugs, now known as 5-HT(1B/1D/1F) receptor agonists, leading the way. The undoubted success of sumatriptan stimulated the development of new triptans as well as other suitable pharmacological tools and experimental models to probe into complex migraine mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the main experimental models for migraine, against the background of the disease pathophysiology and 5-HT receptors considered most important for migraine therapy. We believe that the use of these migraine models will provide even better treatment for migraine patients in the next millennium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Vries
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute (COEUR), Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Villalón CM, De Vries P, Rabelo G, Centurión D, Sánchez-López A, Saxena P. Canine external carotid vasoconstriction to methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: role of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:585-94. [PMID: 10188968 PMCID: PMC1565835 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimigraine drugs methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine (DHE) produce selective vasoconstriction in the external carotid bed of vagosympathectomized dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital and artificially respired, but the receptors involved have not yet been completely characterized. Since the above drugs display affinity for several binding sites, including alpha-adrenoceptors and several 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes, this study has analysed the mechanisms involved in the above responses. Intracarotid (i.c.) infusions during 1 min of methysergide (31-310 microg min(-1)), ergotamine (0.56-5.6 microg min(-1)) or DHE (5.6-31 microg min(-1)) dose-dependently reduced external carotid blood flow (ECBF) by up to 46+/-4, 37+/-4 and 49+/-5%, respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged. The reductions in ECBF by methysergide were abolished and even reversed to increases in animals pre-treated with GR127935 (10 microg kg(-1), i.v.). The reductions in ECBF by ergotamine and DHE remained unchanged in animals pre-treated (i.v.) with prazosin (300 microg kg(-1)), but were partly antagonized in animals pre-treated with either GR127935 (10 or 30 microg kg(-1)) or yohimbine (1000 microg kg(-1)). Pre-treatment with a combination of GR127935 (30 microg kg(-1)) and yohimbine (1000 microg kg(-1)) abolished the responses to both ergotamine and DHE. The above doses of antagonists were shown to produce selective antagonism at their respective receptors. These results suggest that the external carotid vasoconstrictor responses to methysergide primarily involve 5-HT1B/1D receptors, whereas those to ergotamine and DHE are mediated by 5-HT1B/1D receptors as well as alpha2-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Villalón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicologia, CINVESTAV, I.P.N., México D.F., México.
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Saxena PR, De Vries P, Heiligers JP, Bax WA, Maassen VanDenBrink A, Yocca FD. BMS-181885, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor ligand, in experimental models predictive of antimigraine activity and coronary side-effect potential. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 351:329-39. [PMID: 9721025 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many acutely acting antimigraine drugs have the ability to constrict porcine arteriovenous anastomoses as well as the human isolated coronary artery. These two experimental models seem to serve as indicators, respectively, for the therapeutic and coronary side-effect potential of the compounds. Using these two models, we have investigated the effects of BMS-181885 (3-[3-[4-(5-methoxy-4-pyrimidyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]-5-(1,2-dioxo-4-me thyl-3-cyclobuten-3-yl)amino-1H-indole), a 5-HT1B/1D receptor ligand. In anaesthetised pigs, BMS-181885 (10, 30, 100 and 300 microg kg(-1)) decreased the total carotid blood flow and conduction, exclusively at the expense of the arteriovenous anastomotic fraction as the capillary fraction did in fact increase. The highest dose (300 microg kg(-1)) produced a reduction of 52+/-6% from the baseline arteriovenous anastomotic flow. When carotid haemodynamic changes after a single 100 microg kg(-1)dose of BMS-181885 or sumatriptan were studied at different time-points, BMS-188185 had a longer duration of action. Both BMS-181885 (pD2:7.9+/-0.1; Emax:9+/-3% of the contraction to 100 mM K+) and sumatriptan (pD2:6.3+/-0.1; Emax:28+/-8% of the contraction to 100 mM K+) contracted the human isolated coronary artery. The above results suggest that (i) the longer-lasting vasoconstrictor action of BMS-181885 on porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses may be related to its reported slow dissociation from 5-HT1B/1D receptor, and (ii) BMS-181885 should be able to abort migraine headaches in patients. It will be interesting to find out whether these properties are clinically important so that the drug exhibits less headache recurrence and coronary side-effects than sumatriptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Dutch Migraine Research Group and Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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De Vries P, Willems EW, Heiligers JP, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. The antimigraine agent alniditan selectively constricts porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses via 5-HT1B/1D receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 351:193-201. [PMID: 9687003 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, we have shown that several 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists, including sumatriptan, potently constrict porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses. This effect seems to be of high predictive value for antimigraine activity. In the present experiments, we studied the effects of a new non-indole 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, alniditan, on systemic and carotid haemodynamics in anaesthetised pigs. In control animals, no significant changes in either systemic or carotid haemodynamics were observed after four consecutive i.v. injections of physiological saline (0.5 ml each, every 20 min; n = 4). On the other hand, i.v. doses of alniditan (3, 10, 30 and 100 microg kg(-1) in 0.5 ml saline, every 20 min; n = 6) dose-dependently decreased total carotid conductance (maximum change: -31 +/- 6%) by a selective vasoconstrictor action on arteriovenous anastomoses (maximum change: -72 +/- 5%); the nutrient vascular bed dilated in response to alniditan (maximum change: +103 +/- 39%). The dose of alniditan that decreased arteriovenous anastomotic conductance by 50% was 24 +/- 8 microg kg(-1) (64 +/- 20 nmol kg(-1)). Alniditan produced a slight bradycardia (maximum change: -4 +/- 1%) and a more pronounced hypotensive effect (maximum change: -23 +/- 5%). In six animals pre-treated with the potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist, GR127935, the alniditan-induced changes in carotid haemodynamics were clearly antagonised, whereas the bradycardia and hypotension remained unaffected. These results suggest that alniditan selectively constricts porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses mainly via 5-HT1B/1D receptors and should be able to abort migraine headaches. The latter has indeed been confirmed in initial clinical studies in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Vries
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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