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Sparapani S, Millet-Boureima C, Oliver J, Mu K, Hadavi P, Kalostian T, Ali N, Avelar CM, Bardies M, Barrow B, Benedikt M, Biancardi G, Bindra R, Bui L, Chihab Z, Cossitt A, Costa J, Daigneault T, Dault J, Davidson I, Dias J, Dufour E, El-Khoury S, Farhangdoost N, Forget A, Fox A, Gebrael M, Gentile MC, Geraci O, Gnanapragasam A, Gomah E, Haber E, Hamel C, Iyanker T, Kalantzis C, Kamali S, Kassardjian E, Kontos HK, Le TBU, LoScerbo D, Low YF, Mac Rae D, Maurer F, Mazhar S, Nguyen A, Nguyen-Duong K, Osborne-Laroche C, Park HW, Parolin E, Paul-Cole K, Peer LS, Philippon M, Plaisir CA, Porras Marroquin J, Prasad S, Ramsarun R, Razzaq S, Rhainds S, Robin D, Scartozzi R, Singh D, Fard SS, Soroko M, Soroori Motlagh N, Stern K, Toro L, Toure MW, Tran-Huynh S, Trépanier-Chicoine S, Waddingham C, Weekes AJ, Wisniewski A, Gamberi C. The Biology of Vasopressin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:89. [PMID: 33477721 PMCID: PMC7832310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressins are evolutionarily conserved peptide hormones. Mammalian vasopressin functions systemically as an antidiuretic and regulator of blood and cardiac flow essential for adapting to terrestrial environments. Moreover, vasopressin acts centrally as a neurohormone involved in social and parental behavior and stress response. Vasopressin synthesis in several cell types, storage in intracellular vesicles, and release in response to physiological stimuli are highly regulated and mediated by three distinct G protein coupled receptors. Other receptors may bind or cross-bind vasopressin. Vasopressin is regulated spatially and temporally through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, sex, tissue, and cell-specific receptor expression. Anomalies of vasopressin signaling have been observed in polycystic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Growing knowledge of the central biological roles of vasopressin has enabled pharmacological advances to treat these conditions by targeting defective systemic or central pathways utilizing specific agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (S.S.); (C.M.-B.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (N.A.); (C.M.A.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (M.B.); (G.B.); (R.B.); (L.B.); (Z.C.); (A.C.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (J.D.); (I.D.); (J.D.); (E.D.); (S.E.-K.); (N.F.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.C.G.); (O.G.); (A.G.); (E.G.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (T.I.); (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (H.K.K.); (T.B.U.L.); (D.L.); (Y.F.L.); (D.M.R.); (F.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (K.N.-D.); (C.O.-L.); (H.W.P.); (E.P.); (K.P.-C.); (L.S.P.); (M.P.); (C.-A.P.); (J.P.M.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (D.R.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (S.S.F.); (M.S.); (N.S.M.); (K.S.); (L.T.); (M.W.T.); (S.T.-H.); (S.T.-C.); (C.W.); (A.J.W.); (A.W.)
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Apigenin relaxes rat intrarenal arteries, depresses Ca2+-activated Cl− currents and augments voltage-dependent K+ currents of the arterial smooth muscle cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Largeau B, Le Tilly O, Sautenet B, Salmon Gandonnière C, Barin-Le Guellec C, Ehrmann S. Arginine Vasopressin and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Pathophysiology: the Missing Link? Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6792-6806. [PMID: 30924075 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological entity characterized by a typical brain edema. Its pathogenesis is still debated through hypoperfusion and hyperperfusion theories, which have many limitations. As PRES occurs almost exclusively in clinical situations with arginine vasopressin (AVP) hypersecretion, such as eclampsia and sepsis, we hypothesize that AVP plays a central pathophysiologic role. In this review, we discuss the genesis of PRES and its symptoms through this novel approach. We theorize that AVP axis stimulation precipitates PRES development through an increase in AVP secretion or AVP receptor density. Activation of vasopressin V1a receptors leads to cerebral vasoconstriction, causing endothelial dysfunction and cerebral ischemia. This promotes cytotoxic edema through hydromineral transglial flux dysfunction and may increase endothelial permeability, leading to subsequent vasogenic brain edema. If our hypothesis is confirmed, it opens new perspectives for better patient monitoring and therapies targeting the AVP axis in PRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérenger Largeau
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France.
| | - Olivier Le Tilly
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Bénédicte Sautenet
- Université de Tours, Université de Nantes, INSERM, Methods in patients-centered outcomes and health research (SPHERE) - UMR 1246, CHRU de Tours, Service de Néphrologie-Hypertension artérielle, Dialyses et Transplantation Rénale, Tours, France
| | | | - Chantal Barin-Le Guellec
- Université de Tours, Université de Limoges, INSERM, Individual profiling and prevention of risks with immunosuppressive therapies and transplantation (IPPRITT) - UMR 1248, CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Stephan Ehrmann
- Université de Tours, INSERM, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR) - UMR 1100, CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CIC 1415, réseau CRICS-TRIGGERSEP, Tours, France
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Zhang L, Wang X, Cao H, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhao X, Xu F, Wang Y, Woo AYH, Zhu W. Vasopressin V 1A receptor mediates cell proliferation through GRK2-EGFR-ERK 1/2 pathway in A7r5 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:15-25. [PMID: 27773680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC), as the main structural component of the vasculature, is an important pathological mechanism of hypertension. Recently, increased levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of provasopressin, have been shown to correlate with the development of preeclampsia. AVP targets on the Gq-coupled vasopressin V1A receptor and the Gs-coupled V2 receptor in VSMC and the kidneys to regulate vascular tone and water homeostasis. However, the role of the vasopressin receptor on VSM cell proliferation during vascular remodeling is unclear. Here, we studied the effects of AVP on the proliferation of the rat VSMC-derived A7r5 cells. AVP, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, promoted A7r5 cell proliferation as indicated by the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium reduction and incorporation of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA. These effects, coupled with the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), were blocked by a V1A receptor antagonist SR45059 but not by a V2 receptor antagonist lixivaptan. Although acute activation of V1A receptor induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, this effect was not involved in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to prolonged stimulation with AVP were abolished by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using specific inhibitors or small hairpin RNA knock-down. These results suggest that activation of V1A, but not V2 receptor, produces a cell proliferative signal in A7r5 cells via a GRK2/EGFR/ERK1/2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunxuan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xianfan Chen
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Grześk E, Malinowski B, Wiciński M, Szadujkis-Szadurska K, Sinjab TA, Manysiak S, Tejza B, Słupski M, Odrowąż-Sypniewska G, Grześk G. Cyclosporine-A, but not tacrolimus significantly increases reactivity of vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:201-5. [PMID: 26721374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of cyclosporine-A (CsA) or tacrolimus is associated with numerous side effects. One of the main reasons for restricting usage of CsA is hypertension. In tacrolimus treated subjects the frequency of these phenomena is significantly lower. The known molecular mechanism of action of tacrolimus and cyclosporine-A seems to be the same, thus we decided to compare modulatory effect of drugs on vascular smooth muscle contractility. METHODS Experiments were performed on isolated and perfused tail artery of Wistar rats. Contraction force was measured by increased degree of perfusion pressure with a constant flow rate. RESULTS Concentration-response curves for agonist in the presence CsA were significantly shifted to the left with increase in maximal responses. This effect was due to increased calcium influx from extracellular calcium stores whereas there were no significant changes in calcium influx in the presence of tacrolimus; concentration-response curve was comparable to controls. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support the idea that main difference between effects on smooth muscle contractility of calcineurin-dependent immunosuppressants: CsA and tacrolimus is related to the different level of extracellular calcium influx to the cytoplasm. The elucidation of these mechanisms may permit the identification of new therapeutic strategies against CsA-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grześk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Thabit A Sinjab
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Manysiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Tejza
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Słupski
- Department of Liver and General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wasilewski MA, Myers VD, Recchia FA, Feldman AM, Tilley DG. Arginine vasopressin receptor signaling and functional outcomes in heart failure. Cell Signal 2015; 28:224-233. [PMID: 26232615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Wasilewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie D Myers
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zheng JP, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Yin P, Peng W. Vasomotor Dysfunction in the Mesenteric Artery after Organ Culture with Cyclosporin A. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:370-6. [PMID: 23809336 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Pu Zheng
- Experimental Research Center; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhuoan Cheng
- Experimental Research Center; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Department of General Surgery; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Kockx M, Jessup W, Kritharides L. Cyclosporin A and atherosclerosis--cellular pathways in atherogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:106-18. [PMID: 20598751 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplant recipients and people with autoimmune disorders. Long term treatment with CsA is associated with many side effects including hyperlipidemia and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. While its immunosuppressive effects are closely linked to its effects on T cell activation via the inhibition of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway, the precise mechanisms underlying its cardiovascular effects appear to involve multiple pathways additional to those relevant for immunosuppression. These include inhibition of calcineurin activity and intracellular cyclophilin peptidylprolyl isomerase and chaperone activities, inhibition of pro-inflammatory extracellular cyclophilin A, and NFAT-independent transcriptional effects. CsA demonstrates complex effects on lipoprotein metabolism and bile acid production, and affects endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages, all of which are critical to the atherosclerotic process. Interpretation of the available data is hampered as many experimental models are used to study the effects of CsA in vivo and in vitro, leading to diverse and often contradictory findings. In this review we will describe the cellular mechanisms related to CsA-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, with a focus on identifying pro-atherogenic pathways that are distinct from those relevant to its immunosuppressant effects. The potential of CsA analogues to avoid such sequelae will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Kockx
- Macrophage Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Alvisi M, De Arcangelis V, Ciccone L, Palombi V, Alessandrini M, Nemoz G, Molinaro M, Adamo S, Naro F. V1a vasopressin receptor expression is modulated during myogenic differentiation. Differentiation 2007; 76:371-80. [PMID: 18021262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurohypophyseal peptides potently stimulate myogenic differentiation by acting through different receptors of the same family. Here, we show that L6C5 myogenic cells express, at a high density, a single class of V1a Arg8-vasopressin (AVP) receptor. The expression of the vasopressin receptor of type 1a (V1aR) is significantly higher in proliferating myoblasts than in differentiated myotubes. The differentiation-related decrease of V1aR expression was evident both at the mRNA and at the protein level as shown by the reduction of [(3)H]-AVP binding. However, in L6C5 cells transfected with a synthetic construct containing the luciferase gene driven by the 2 kb upstream region of V1aR, we observed a stimulation of the activity of the promoter when the cells were cultured in differentiative medium. The down-regulation of the V1aR correlated with a decreased half-life of its mRNA (half-life 5.86+/-0.74 hr in 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS] versus 3.53+/-0.72 hr in 1% FBS). Cyclosporine A and dexamethasone, but not 5'-azacytidine, treatments of cells in differentiation medium restored the V1aR level to that measured in proliferating L6C5 cells, thus confirming the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in the modulation of V1aR expression. Taken together, these data show that mRNA stability plays a role in modulating protein expression during the myogenic differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Alvisi
- Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica Università di Roma La Sapienza Via Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Rostron AJ, Avlonitis VS, Kirby JA, Dark JH. Hemodynamic resuscitation of the brain-dead organ donor and the potential role of vasopressin. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kozhevnikova LM, Avdonin PV. Disturbances in hormonal regulation of vascular tone during traumatic shock. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 141:574-7. [PMID: 17181056 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-006-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in hormonal regulation of the vascular tone in Wistar rats were studied on Cannon model of traumatic shock. The pressor response to angiotensin II decreased by 30-40% 3 h after the incidence of trauma. The reaction to vasopressin remained unchanged. However, phenylephrine in medium and high doses produced a more pronounced pressor response under these conditions. One day after trauma we revealed a decrease in vascular sensitivity not only to angiotensin II, but also to vasopressin and alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. The vascular response was observed only after treatment with phenylephrine in maximum doses. Traumatic shock was accompanied by inverse response to serotonin: hypertensive effect instead of blood pressure drop. Our results show that traumatic shock is accompanied by specific changes in vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kozhevnikova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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Vagnes OB, Hansen FH, Feng JJ, Iversen BM, Arendshorst WJ. Enhanced Ca2+ response to AVP in preglomerular vessels from rats with genetic hypertension during different hydration states. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288:F1249-56. [PMID: 15657301 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00363.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced calcium signaling and renal vasoconstriction, characteristic in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during euvolemia, are related to greater amounts of V1a receptor mRNA and V1a protein in preglomerular resistance arterioles. The present study determined whether V1a receptor density and calcium signal transduction in the renal vasculature of young SHR is regulated appropriately during physiological changes in hydration state. [3H]AVP ligand binding documented two- to threefold greater density of V1a receptors in euvolemic SHR vs. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Parallel changes in V1a receptor density were observed in both strains during chronic water loading (plus approximately 50 fmol/mg) and during dehydration (minus approximately 50 fmol/mg). Affinity was unchanged. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that V1a mRNA in preglomerular arterioles was three times greater in euvolemic SHR. Dehydration decreased expression approximately 50% in renal vessels independent of rat strain; water loading increased V1a mRNA. Thus V1a receptor regulation correlated with changes in mRNA in a normal manner in response to chronic changes in AVP concentration, albeit set at a higher level in SHR. In dehydrated animals, AVP increased the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by 60 +/- 5 and 112 +/- 13 nM cytosolic Ca2+ in WKY and SHR, respectively (P < 0.01), whereas in hydrated animals the [Ca2+]i increase was 168 +/- 10 and 220 +/- 18 nM, respectively (P < 0.05). In all hydration states, calcium signaling was greater in SHR compared with WKY (P < 0.05). Calcium signaling paralleled changes in the receptor density and mRNA. Mechanisms other than hydration state per se are likely to be responsible for the two- to threefold difference in the V1a receptor density between WKY and SHR in the renal vasculature at the critical age of 6 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyvind B Vagnes
- Renal Research Group, Institute of Medicine, Univ. of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Vågnes B ØB, Hansen FH, Christiansen REF, Gjerstad C, Iversen BM. Age-dependent regulation of vasopressin V1areceptors in preglomerular vessels from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F997-1003. [PMID: 15075196 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00399.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were performed to get insight into the role of AVP receptor V1aregulation with age, i.e., during development and maintenance of high blood pressure. Previous studies showed an increased gene expression and renal vascular response to AVP in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The age regulation of the V1areceptor was examined in preglomerular vessels from 5-, 10-, 20-, and 70-wk-old SHR using normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as controls. Real-time PCR and ligand binding were used for analysis of receptor expression, and the change in cytosolic calcium concentration during stimulation of isolated preglomerular vessels with AVP was studied. Studies showed an increase of the V1areceptor protein and mRNA from 5-and 10-wk-old SHR compared with vessels from 20- and 70-wk-old SHR. In 5-wk-old SHR receptor density was 84 ± 13 fmol/mg protein, and 38 ± 11 fmol/mg protein in 70-wk-old SHR ( P < 0.05). mRNA in the 5- and 70-wk-old SHR was 15,854 ± 629 and 3,181 ± 224 V1amRNA/108 18S ribosomal RNA, respectively ( P < 0.001). Values from WKY at all ages were similar to 20- and 70-wk-old SHR. During stimulation with AVP, the change in cytosolic calcium in vessels from 5-wk-old SHR increased 234 ± 59 nM, whereas the increase was 89 ± 9 nM in 70-wk-old SHR ( P = 0.03). These results indicate that the V1areceptor is increased at protein and mRNA level during development of hypertension in SHR but is normalized when hypertension is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind B Vågnes B
- Renal Research Group, Institue of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Haukeland sykehus, Bergen, Norway.
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Moien-Afshari F, McManus BM, Laher I. Immunosuppression and transplant vascular disease: benefits and adverse effects. Pharmacol Ther 2004; 100:141-56. [PMID: 14609717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) occurs within 5 years of transplantation surgery and represents the main cause of death in long-term heart transplant survivors. The detailed pathogenesis of CAV is unknown, but there are strong indications that immunologic mechanisms, which are regulated by nonimmunologic factors, are the major cause of this phenomenon. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a frequently used immunosuppressive agent in transplant medicine to prevent rejection. The mechanism of action of CsA involves initial binding to cyclophilin to form a complex that then inhibits calcineurin (CN), leading to reduced interleukin (IL)-2 production as part of the signal transduction pathway for the activation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. Based on this proposed mechanism, it was expected that CsA should be an effective strategy in attenuating the host immune response against transplanted allograft tissue; however, CsA has not changed the outcome of CAV. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the ineffectiveness of CsA in long-term prevention of CAV. For example, routine therapeutic doses of CsA may block CN incompletely (50%), whereas complete blockade requires doses that are not clinically tolerable. Another explanation is the possible activation of T-cell receptors directly (CN independent) by the immune response, which induces protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta) and leads to IL-2 production and immune rejection. Moreover, there may be a role for nonimmunologic mechanisms, such as complement, which cannot be controlled by CsA, or CsA may cause hypercholesterolemia or induce overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). This review also compares the effect of CsA with other immunosuppressants in allograft artery preservation and their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Moien-Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
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17
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Morita M, Ohkubo-Suzuki A, Takahashi T, Nagashima A, Sawada Y, Ohkawa T, Nishimura S, Kita Y. Molecular analysis of antilipemic effects of FR218944, a novel vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist, in genetically diabetic db/db mice in comparison with pioglitazone and fenofibrate. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Krauskopf A, Lhote P, Mutter M, Dufour JF, Ruegg UT, Buetler TM. Vasopressin type 1A receptor up-regulation by cyclosporin A in vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by superoxide. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:41685-90. [PMID: 12923165 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301181200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous results, we investigated whether cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced vasopressin type 1A receptor up-regulation was mediated by free radicals. We report that CsA analogues with different affinities for cyclophilin and calcineurin were able to up-regulate vasopressin type 1A receptor and to generate free radicals in smooth muscle cells independently of calcineurin. Further, we demonstrate that the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked the increase in vasopressin type 1A receptor mRNA and protein levels induced by CsA and that low concentrations of prooxidants were able to directly increase vasopressin type 1A receptor mRNA and protein levels. In addition, short exposure to CsA or pro-oxidants was sufficient to significantly increase vasopressin type 1A receptor mRNA and protein levels. Using cell-permeable forms of superoxide dismutase and catalase, we finally show that superoxide mediates the CsA-induced effects on vasopressin type 1A receptor. These results provide strong evidence that CsA-induced superoxide generation is causally involved in vasopressin type 1A receptor expression and demonstrate for the first time that low physiological concentrations of radicals, most probably superoxide, are able to directly affect cellular signaling to increase vasopressin type 1A receptor expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krauskopf
- Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Holmes CL, Landry DW, Granton JT. Science review: Vasopressin and the cardiovascular system part 1--receptor physiology. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2003; 7:427-34. [PMID: 14624682 PMCID: PMC374366 DOI: 10.1186/cc2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vasopressin is emerging as a rational therapy for vasodilatory shock states. Unlike other vasoconstrictor agents, vasopressin also has vasodilatory properties. The goal of the present review is to explore the vascular actions of vasopressin. In part 1 of the review we discuss structure, signaling pathways, and tissue distributions of the classic vasopressin receptors, namely V1 vascular, V2 renal, V3 pituitary and oxytocin receptors, and the P2 class of purinoreceptors. Knowledge of the function and distribution of vasopressin receptors is key to understanding the seemingly contradictory actions of vasopressin on the vascular system. In part 2 of the review we discuss the effects of vasopressin on vascular smooth muscle and the heart, and we summarize clinical studies of vasopressin in shock states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Holmes
- Staff intensivist, Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna BC, Canada
| | - Donald W Landry
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John T Granton
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Program Director, Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, and Consultant in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Director Pulmonary Hypertension Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Neef M, Biecker E, Heller J, Schepke M, Nischalke HD, Wolff M, Spengler U, Reichen J, Sauerbruch T. Portal hypertension is associated with increased mRNA levels of vasopressor G-protein-coupled receptors in human hepatic arteries. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33:249-55. [PMID: 12641544 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contractile response of human splanchnic vessels to different vasoconstrictors is attenuated in cirrhosis. Functional studies indicate a cellular signalling defect upstream of the G-protein level. The aim of the present study was to analyze expression and mRNA levels of the following most relevant vasopressor receptors in the smooth musculature of human hepatic arteries: alpha1 adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes a, b and d, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), arginine vasopressin receptor type 1a (V1a), endothelin receptor type A (ETA) and B (ETB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic arteries were collected from 10 donors (noncirrhotic) and 14 recipients (cirrhotic) at liver transplantations. Real-time-PCR was performed to quantify steady-state levels of receptor mRNAs. RESULTS alpha 1aAR mRNA levels showed no significant difference between the cirrhotic arteries and the controls while the mRNA levels of the other vasoactive receptors were significantly higher in the cirrhotic hepatic arteries (alpha 1bAR: 4-fold, P = 0.013; AT1: 16-fold, P = 0.024; V1a: 23-fold, P = 0.001; ETA: 4-fold, P = 0.02; ETB: 8-fold, P = 0.008). No mRNA for the alpha 1dAR was detected either in the donor or recipient hepatic arteries. CONCLUSION We conclude that vascular hyporeactivity to the most relevant endogenous vasoconstrictors of cirrhotic hepatic arteries is not caused by a receptor down-regulation at mRNA levels. In contrast they were up-regulated.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Female
- Hepatic Artery/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension, Portal/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Endothelin/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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21
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Tawadrous MN, Mabuchi A, Zimmermann A, Wheatley AM. Effects of immunosuppressant FTY720 on renal and hepatic hemodynamics in the rat. Transplantation 2002; 74:602-10. [PMID: 12352874 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200209150-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FTY720 is a novel immunomodulator that may provide an opportunity for a reduction in calcineurin inhibitor dosage in transplant recipients with renal/hepatic side effects. However, the effects of FTY720 on renal or hepatic hemodynamics are unknown. The aim of this study was to establish the hemodynamic and renal actions of FTY720 at therapeutically relevant dosages. METHODS The effects of acute and repeat oral administration of FTY720 on systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamics were investigated in the anesthetized male Lewis rat. Renal function and renal tubular parameters were examined in animals that received repeat high dosage of FTY720. RESULTS Seven-day oral administration of FTY720 did not cause any significant changes in markers of hepatocyte injury, nor did it cause any reduction in renal function (elevated urea and creatinine). Histological examination of liver and kidney from animals treated with repeat FTY720 for 1 or 3 weeks did not reveal any sclerosis, tubular changes, infiltrates, or fibrosis. Hepatocyte, vascular, and biliary structures were normal. Compared with the vehicle (saline), oral administration of FTY720 at dosages up to 5 mg/kg/day for 1 week did not have any significant effects on systemic, hepatic, or renal hemodynamics. Five min after intravenous FTY720 administration (1 mg/kg), mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose to 114+/-3.3% of baseline (P <0.01) before returning to the normal range within 30-45 min. Lower doses of FTY720 (0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) did not affect MAP. Renal cortical perfusion, renal artery blood flow, and renal vascular resistance were not altered by FTY720 at i.v. doses up to 1 mg/kg. Animals that received FTY720 (5 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks showed a significant reduction in body weight (-4.8+/-1% of baseline at 3 weeks, P <0.001); however, weight-adjusted creatinine clearance, 24 h urine production, and urine osmolality were not different from those in control animals (0.71+/-0.1 vs. 0.74+/-0.1 ml/min/100 g, 2.63+/-0.2 vs. 3.12+/-0.2 ml/100 g, and 2003+/-33 vs. 1966+/-56 mOsm/kg, respectively). FTY720 at the same repeat oral dosage was, nevertheless, associated with a significantly lower 24 h sodium excretion and a significantly lower fractional excretion of sodium compared with those in control animals (223.4+/-35 vs. 304.5+/-50 micromol/100 g and 1.75+/-0.3 vs. 2.23+/-0.3%, respectively; P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that, at least in the short term, oral FTY720 does not cause any significant adverse effects on renal or hepatic hemodynamics, nor does it cause any reduction in glomerular perfusion and thus may provide reasonable rescue/add-on therapy in calcineurin-inhibitor treated transplant recipients. At high repeat oral dosages, however, FTY720 may alter renal handling of sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Tawadrous
- Microcirculation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Otago
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22
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Mitchell PO, Mills ST, Pavlath GK. Calcineurin differentially regulates maintenance and growth of phenotypically distinct muscles. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 282:C984-92. [PMID: 11940513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00483.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Adequate muscle mass is critical for human health. The molecular pathways regulating maintenance and growth of adult skeletal muscle are little understood. Calcineurin (CN) is implicated as a key signaling molecule in hypertrophy. Whether CN is involved in all forms of muscle growth or in different muscles is unknown. Here, we examine the role of CN in regulating maintenance of muscle size and growth of atrophied muscle in the soleus (slow) and plantaris (fast). The CN inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) differentially affects muscle growth and maintenance depending on muscle phenotype. The plantaris is more severely affected by CsA than the soleus in both growth conditions. One-week vs. 2-wk CsA treatment suggests that both CN-dependent and CN-independent growth occur in the atrophied soleus, whereas plantaris growth appears to be totally CN dependent. Our results suggest that CN regulates multiple types of muscle growth, depending both on muscle phenotype and stage of myofiber growth. Differential expression of components of the CN pathway occurs and may contribute to the differences between muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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23
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Krauskopf A, Buetler TM, Nguyen NSD, Macé K, Ruegg UT. Cyclosporin A-induced free radical generation is not mediated by cytochrome P-450. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:977-86. [PMID: 11861326 PMCID: PMC1573208 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to play a role in the side effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA). 2. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cytochrome P-450 (CYP) dependent metabolism of CsA could be responsible for ROS generation since it has been suggested that CsA may influence the CYP system to produce ROS. 3. We show that CsA (1 -- 10 microM) generated antioxidant-inhibitable ROS in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) using the fluorescent probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. 4. Using cytochrome c as substrate, we show that CsA (10 microM) did not inhibit NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase in microsomes prepared from rat liver, kidney or RASMC. 5. CsA (10 microM) did not uncouple the electron flow from NADPH via NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase to the CYP enzymes because CsA did not inhibit the metabolism of substrates selective for several CYP enzymes that do not metabolize CsA in rat liver microsomes. 6. CsA (10 microM) did not generate more radicals in CYP 3A4 expressing immortalized human liver epithelial cells (T5-3A4 cells) than in control cells that do not express CYP 3A4. 7. Neither diphenylene iodonium nor the CYP 3A inhibitor ketoconazole were able to block ROS formation in rat aortic smooth muscle or T5-3A4 cells. 8. These results demonstrate that CYP enzymes do not contribute to CsA-induced ROS formation and that CsA neither inhibits NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase nor the electron transfer to the CYP enzymes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krauskopf
- Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timo M Buetler
- Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Urs T Ruegg
- Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Author for correspondence:
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24
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Sakamoto H, Kurabayashi M. Cardiovascular effects of an immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2000; 15:75-79. [PMID: 12590868 DOI: 10.1177/039463200201500201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is now routinely used for transplantation of all solid organs, bone marrow transplantation, and for an increasing number of immunological diseases. However, treatment with CsA is an important iatrogenic cause of post-transplant hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, which may contribute to the high cardiovascular morbidity in transplant recipients. Recently, the calcineurin inhibitor CsA has been employed in vivo and in vitro to examine the role of calcineurin in the signal transduction leading to cardiac hypertrophy. A cell culture study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of CsA on cytokine production by cardiac myxoma cells, the most common primary tumor of the heart. This review discusses recent data on the cardiovascular effects of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Sakamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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