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Kumari A, Syeda S, Rawat K, Kumari R, Shrivastava A. Melatonin modulates L-arginine metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages by targeting arginase 1 in lymphoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1163-1179. [PMID: 37639022 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
L-Arginine metabolism plays a crucial role in determining the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. The M1 macrophages express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while the M2 macrophages express arginase 1 and metabolize arginine into nitric oxide and urea, respectively. The tumor microenvironment promotes M2 macrophage polarization and consequently switches the metabolic fate of arginine from nitric oxide towards urea production. Importantly, infiltration of M2 macrophages or tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been correlated with poor prognosis of various cancer types. Melatonin is well reported to have antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. However, whether and how it impacts the polarization of TAMs has not been elucidated. Considering the crucial role of arginine metabolism in macrophage polarization, we were interested to know the fate of L-arginine in TAMs and whether it can be reinstated by melatonin or not. We used a murine model of Dalton's lymphoma and established an in vitro model of TAMs. For TAMs, we used the ascitic fluid of tumor-bearing hosts to activate the macrophages in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In these groups, L-arginine metabolism was evaluated, and then the effect of melatonin was assessed in these groups, wherein the metabolic fate of arginine as well as the expression of iNOS and arginase 1 were checked. Furthermore, in the in vivo system of the tumor-bearing host, the effect of melatonin was assessed. The in vitro model of TAMs showed a Th2 cytokine profile, reduced phagocytic activity, and increased wound healing ability. Upon investigating arginine metabolism, we observed high urea levels with increased activity and expression of arginase 1 in TAMs. Furthermore, we observed reduced levels of LPS-induced nitric oxide in TAMs; however, their iNOS expression was comparable. With melatonin treatment, urea level decreased significantly, while the reduction in nitric oxide level was not as significant as observed in its absence in TAMs. Also, melatonin significantly reduced arginase activity and expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, while iNOS expression was affected only at the translational level. This effect was further investigated in the in vivo system, wherein melatonin treatment reversed the metabolic fate of arginine, from urea towards nitric oxide, within the tumor microenvironment. This effect was further correlated with pro-apoptotic tumor cell death in the in vivo system. Our results reinforced the immunomodulatory role of melatonin and offered a strong prospect for activating the anti-tumor immune response in cancer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rani Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Arginase Activity in Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes: Function in the Earthworm Innate Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073687. [PMID: 33916228 PMCID: PMC8037997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase is the manganese metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. In vertebrates, arginase is involved in the immune response, tissue regeneration, and wound healing and is an important marker of alternative anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. In invertebrates, data concerning the role of arginase in these processes are very limited. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the changes in arginase activity in the coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), heavy metals ions (e.g., Mn2+), parasite infection, wound healing, and short-term fasting (5 days) on arginase activity. For the first time in earthworms, we described arginase activity in the coelomocytes and found that it can be up-regulated upon in vitro stimulation with LPS and H2O2 and in the presence of Mn2+ ions. Moreover, arginase activity was also up-regulated in animals in vivo infected with nematodes or experiencing segment amputation, but not in fasting earthworms. Furthermore, we confirmed that the activity of coelomocyte arginase can be suppressed by l-norvaline. Our studies strongly suggest that similarly to the vertebrates, also in the earthworms, coelomocyte arginase is an important element of the immune response and wound healing processes.
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Song J, Eghan K, Lee S, Park JS, Yoon S, Pimtong W, Kim WK. A Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Using Zebrafish Embryo/Larvae. TOXICS 2020; 8:E33. [PMID: 32370250 PMCID: PMC7355787 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine-phosphate (PHMG-P), a guanidine-based cationic antimicrobial polymer, is an effective antimicrobial biocide, potent even at low concentrations. Due to its resilient bactericidal properties, it has been used extensively in consumer products. It was safely used until its use in humidifiers led to a catastrophic event in South Korea. Epidemiological studies have linked the use of PHMG-P as a humidifier disinfectant to pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about its harmful impacts other than pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, we applied a zebrafish embryo/larvae model to evaluate developmental and cardiotoxic effects and transcriptome changes using RNA-sequencing. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L of PHMG-P from 3 h to 96 h post fertilization. 2 mg/L of PHMG-P resulted in total mortality and an LC50 value at 96 h was determined at 1.18 mg/L. Significant developmental changes were not observed but the heart rate of zebrafish larvae was significantly altered. In transcriptome analysis, immune and inflammatory responses were significantly affected similarly to those in epidemiological studies. Our qPCR analysis (Itgb1b, TNC, Arg1, Arg2, IL-1β, Serpine-1, and Ptgs2b) also confirmed this following a 96 h exposure to 0.4 mg/L of PHMG-P. Based on our results, PHMG-P might induce lethal and cardiotoxic effects in zebrafish, and crucial transcriptome changes were linked to immune and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongah Song
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea;
| | - Kojo Eghan
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jong-Su Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Wittaya Pimtong
- Nano Environmental and Health Safety Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (K.E.); (S.L.); (J.-S.P.); (S.Y.)
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Araujo JEDS, Miguel-dos-Santos R, Macedo FN, Cunha PS, Fontes MT, Murata GM, Lauton-Santos S, Santana-Filho VJ, Silva AMDO, Antoniolli AR, Curi R, Quintans JDSS, Barreto RDSS, Santos MRV, Quintans-Junior LJ, Barreto AS. Effects of high doses of glucocorticoids on insulin-mediated vasodilation in the mesenteric artery of rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230514. [PMID: 32187237 PMCID: PMC7080254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pathological conditions predict the use of glucocorticoids for the management of the inflammatory response; however, chronic or high dose glucocorticoid treatment is associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance and can be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the vascular responsiveness and inflammatory profile of mesenteric arteries of rats treated with high doses of glucocorticoids. Wistar rats were divided into a control (CO) group and a dexamethasone (DEX) group, that received dexamethasone for 7 days (2mg/kg/day, i.p.). Blood samples were used to assess the lipid profile and insulin tolerance. Vascular reactivity to Phenylephrine (Phe) and insulin, and O2•-production were evaluated. The intracellular insulin signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/eNOS and MAPK/ET-1 were investigated. Regarding the vascular inflammatory profile, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-18 were assessed. Dexamethasone-treated rats had decreased insulin tolerance test and endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by insulin. eNOS inhibition caused vasoconstriction in the DEX group, which was abolished by the ET-A antagonist. Insulin-mediated relaxation in the DEX group was restored in the presence of the O2.- scavenger TIRON. Nevertheless, in the DEX group there was an increase in Phe-induced vasoconstriction. In addition, the intracellular insulin signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/eNOS was impaired, decreasing NO bioavailability. Regarding superoxide anion generation, there was an increase in the DEX group, and all measured proinflammatory cytokines were also augmented in the DEX group. In addition, the DEX-group presented an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels. In summary, treatment with high doses of dexamethasone promoted changes in insulin-induced vasodilation, through the reduction of NO bioavailability and an increase in vasoconstriction via ET-1 associated with generation of O2•- and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Eliakim dos S. Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology and Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia S. Cunha
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Milene Tavares Fontes
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology and Oxidative Stress, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Valter J. Santana-Filho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara de O. Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Angelo Roberto Antoniolli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de S. S. Quintans
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rosana de S. S. Barreto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcio R. V. Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J. Quintans-Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S. Barreto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
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Ozer Kaya S, Erisir M, Gur S, Kandemir FM, Benzer F, Kaya E, Sonmez M, Turk G. The changes in semen quality, arginase activity and nitric oxide level in dexamethasone-treated rams. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13464. [PMID: 31721281 DOI: 10.1111/and.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was made to investigate the effects of intramuscular administrations of dexamethasone on seminal plasma nitric oxide levels and arginase activity, and some spermatological parameters in rams. Ten Akkaraman rams weighing 50-60 kg and 2 years old were used as material in this study. The study was performed during the breeding season (September-November) for rams. The semen was collected by artificial vagina at 1st, 4th, 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th hours for control group before dexamethasone administration. For treatment group, 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone was administered and semen was collected at the time points described for control group. Spermatological characteristics of semen samples (semen volume, pH, sperm motility, density and abnormal sperm rate), seminal plasma arginase enzyme activities and nitric oxide levels were determined. It was determined that the administration of dexamethasone was detected to decrease seminal plasma arginase activity (p < .05 and .01) and nitric oxide level (p < .05), semen volume (p < .05 and .01), mass activity (p < .05 and .01), sperm density (p < .05) and sperm motility (p < .05 and .01), and to increase abnormal sperm rate (p < .05 and .01). In conclusion, dexamethasone is not recommended to be used during the breeding season as it damages the sperm quality of the rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Ozer Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mine Erisir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Gur
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fulya Benzer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Emre Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sonmez
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Turk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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Martínez-Alcantar L, Talavera-Carrillo D, Pineda-Salazar J, Ávalos-Viveros M, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Phillips-Farfán B, Fuentes-Farías A, Meléndez-Herrera E. Anterior chamber associated immune deviation to cytosolic neural antigens avoids self-reactivity after optic nerve injury and polarizes the retinal environment to an anti-inflammatory profile. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 333:476964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang Z, Song P, Li Y, Wang S, Fan J, Zhang X, Luan J, Chen W, Wang Y, Liu P, Ju D. Recombinant human arginase I elicited immunosuppression in activated macrophages through inhibiting autophagy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4825-4838. [PMID: 31053913 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arginase I has been documented to impair T cell function and attenuate cellular immunity, however, there is little evidence to reveal the effect of arginase I on macrophage function. Recently, recombinant human arginase I (rhArg) has been developed for cancer therapy and is in clinical trial for hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas the potential immunosuppression induced by rhArg limited its therapeutic efficacy. To improve the clinical outcome of rhArg, addressing the immune suppression appears to be particularly important. In this study, we found that rhArg attenuated macrophage functions, including inhibiting macrophage cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cytokine secretion, MHC-II surface expression, and phagocytosis, thereby inducing immunosuppression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated macrophages. Notably, we observed that rhArg downregulated autophagy in activated macrophages. Moreover, application of trehalose (an autophagy inducer) significantly restored the impaired immune function in activated macrophages, suggesting the essential role of autophagy in rhArg-induced immunosuppression. To further illustrate the effect of autophagy in immunosuppression, we then observed the effect of 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) on the immune function of macrophages. As expected, inhibiting autophagy by 3-MA attenuated immune functions in activated macrophages. Collectively, this study elucidated that rhArg induced immunosuppression in activated macrophages via inhibiting autophagy, providing potential strategy to ameliorate the immune suppression which is of great significance to cancer therapy and facilitating the development of rhArg as a potential therapy for malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Song
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - XuYao Zhang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Analytical Science, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China. .,Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Abstract
Obesity is often associated with increased pain, but little is known about the effects of obesity and diet on postoperative pain. In this study, effects of diet and obesity were examined in the paw incision model, a preclinical model of postoperative pain. Long-Evans rats were fed high-fat diet (40% calories from butter fat) or low-fat normal chow. Male rats fed high-fat diet starting 6 weeks before incision (a diet previously shown to induce markers of obesity) had prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity and an overall increase in spontaneous pain in response to paw incision, compared with normal chow controls. Diet effects in females were minor. Removing high-fat diet for 2 weeks before incision reversed the diet effects on pain behaviors, although this was not enough time to reverse high-fat diet-induced weight gain. A shorter (1 week) exposure to high-fat diet before incision also increased pain behaviors in males, albeit to a lesser degree. The 6-week high-fat diet increased macrophage density as examined immunohistochemically in lumbar dorsal root ganglion even before paw incision, especially in males, and sensitized responses of peritoneal macrophages to lipopolysaccharide stimuli in vitro. The nerve regeneration marker growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) in skin near the incision (day 4) was higher in the high-fat diet group, and wound healing was delayed. In summary, high-fat diet increased postoperative pain particularly in males, but some diet effects did not depend on weight gain. Even short-term dietary manipulations, that do not affect obesity, may enhance postoperative pain.
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Imrie H, Williams DJL. Stimulation of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages with lipopolysaccharide, interferon-ɣ, Interleukin-4 or Interleukin-13 does not induce detectable changes in nitric oxide or arginase activity. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:45. [PMID: 30704453 PMCID: PMC6357487 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation of rodent macrophages in vitro induces up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas interleukin-4 stimulation results in increased activity of arginase-1. Thus different stimulants result in differing macrophage phenotypes, appropriate for responses to a range of pathogens. The current study was conducted in order to determine whether bovine macrophages derived from monocytes and spleen respond similarly. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ did not induce detectable increases in nitric oxide production by bovine monocyte-derived or splenic macrophages in vitro. Similarly, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 did not affect arginase activity. However, changes in transcription of genes coding for these products were detected. CONCLUSION Differences between macrophage activation patterns exist between cattle and other species and these differences may occur during the post-transcription phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Imrie
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF UK
- Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Lane, Southwell, NG25 0DT UK
| | - Diana J. L. Williams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF UK
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Wałajtys-Rode E, Dzik JM. Monocyte/Macrophage: NK Cell Cooperation-Old Tools for New Functions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:73-145. [PMID: 28455707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage and natural killer (NK) cells are partners from a phylogenetic standpoint of innate immune system development and its evolutionary progressive interaction with adaptive immunity. The equally conservative ways of development and differentiation of both invertebrate hemocytes and vertebrate macrophages are reviewed. Evolutionary conserved molecules occurring in macrophage receptors and effectors have been inherited by vertebrates after their common ancestor with invertebrates. Cytolytic functions of mammalian NK cells, which are rooted in immune cells of invertebrates, although certain NK cell receptors (NKRs) are mammalian new events, are characterized. Broad heterogeneity of macrophage and NK cell phenotypes that depends on surrounding microenvironment conditions and expression profiles of specific receptors and activation mechanisms of both cell types are discussed. The particular tissue specificity of macrophages and NK cells, as well as their plasticity and mechanisms of their polarization to different functional subtypes have been underlined. The chapter summarized studies revealing the specific molecular mechanisms and regulation of NK cells and macrophages that enable their highly specific cross-cooperation. Attention is given to the evolving role of human monocyte/macrophage and NK cell interaction in pathogenesis of hypersensitivity reaction-based disorders, including autoimmunity, as well as in cancer surveillance and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta M Dzik
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Pudlo M, Demougeot C, Girard-Thernier C. Arginase Inhibitors: A Rational Approach Over One Century. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:475-513. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
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12
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Verhoeven F, Prati C, Maguin-Gaté K, Wendling D, Demougeot C. Glucocorticoids and endothelial function in inflammatory diseases: focus on rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:258. [PMID: 27814748 PMCID: PMC5097358 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by articular and extra-articular manifestations involving cardiovascular (CV) diseases. RA increases the CV mortality by up to 50 % compared with the global population and CV disease is the leading cause of death in patients with RA. There is growing evidence that RA favors accelerated atherogenesis secondary to endothelial dysfunction (ED) that occurs early in the course of the disease. ED is a functional and reversible alteration of endothelial cells, leading to a shift of the actions of the endothelium towards reduced vasodilation, proinflammatory state, proliferative and prothrombotic properties. The mechanistic links between RA and ED have not been fully explained, but growing evidence suggests a role for traditional CV factors, auto-antibodies, genetic factors, oxidative stress, inflammation and iatrogenic interventions such as glucocorticoids (GCs) use. GCs have been used in RA for several decades. Whilst their deleterious CV side effects were described in the 1950s, their effect on CV risk associated with inflammatory arthritis remains subject for debate. GC might induce negative effects on endothelial function, via a direct effect on endothelium or via increasing CV risk factors. Conversely, they might actually improve endothelial function by decreasing systemic and/or vascular inflammation. The present review summarizes the available data on the impact of GCs on endothelial function, both in normal and inflammatory conditions, with a special focus on RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Verhoeven
- EA 4267 FDE, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besancon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25030, Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- EA 4267 FDE, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besancon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25030, Besançon, France
| | - Katy Maguin-Gaté
- EA 4267 FDE, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25030, Besançon, France.,EA 4266, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA 4267 FDE, FHU INCREASE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030, Besancon, France.
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13
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Song L, Li D, Gu Y, Li X, Peng L. Let-7a modulates particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm)-induced oxidative stress and injury in human airway epithelial cells by targeting arginase 2. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1302-10. [PMID: 26989813 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with cardiorespiratory diseases via the induction of excessive oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanism underlying PM2.5-mediated oxidative stress injury has not been fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence has indicated the microRNA let-7 family might play a role in PM-mediated pathological processes. In this study, we investigated the role of let-7a in oxidative stress and cell injury in human bronchial epithelial BEAS2B (B2B) cells after PM2.5 exposure. The let-7a level was the most significantly decreased in B2B cells after PM2.5 exposure. The overexpression of let-7a suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the percentage of apoptotic cells after PM2.5 exposure, while the let-7a level decreased arginase 2 (ARG2) mRNA and protein levels in B2B cells by directly targeting the ARG2 3'-untranslated region. ARG2 expression was upregulated in B2B cells during PM2.5 treatment, and ARG2 knockdown could remarkably reduce oxidative stress and cellular injury. Moreover, its restoration could abrogate the protective effects of let-7a against PM2.5-induced injury. In conclusion, let-7a decreases and ARG2 increases resulting from PM2.5 exposure may exacerbate oxidative stress, cell injury and apoptosis of B2B cells. The let-7a/ARG2 axis is a likely therapeutic target for PM2.5-induced airway epithelial injury. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin Universtity, 71 the Xinmin Street, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin Universtity, 71 the Xinmin Street, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin Universtity, 71 the Xinmin Street, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 the Xinmin Street, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin Universtity, 71 the Xinmin Street, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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14
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Aribi M, Meziane W, Habi S, Boulatika Y, Marchandin H, Aymeric JL. Macrophage Bactericidal Activities against Staphylococcus aureus Are Enhanced In Vivo by Selenium Supplementation in a Dose-Dependent Manner. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135515. [PMID: 26340099 PMCID: PMC4560415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary selenium is of fundamental importance to maintain optimal immune function and enhance immunity during infection. To this end, we examined the effect of selenium on macrophage bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Assays were performed in golden Syrian hamsters and peritoneal macrophages cultured with S. aureus and different concentrations of selenium. Results Infected and selenium-supplemented animals have significantly decreased levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) production when compared with infected but non-selenium-supplemented animals at day 7 post-infection (p < 0.05). A low dose of 5 ng/mL selenium induced a significant decrease in macrophage NO production, but significant increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels (respectively, p = 0.009, p < 0.001). The NO production and H2O2 levels were significantly increased with increasing concentrations of selenium; the optimal macrophage activity levels were reached at 20 ng/mL. The concentration of 5 ng/mL of selenium induced a significant decrease in the bacterial arginase activity but a significant increase in the macrophage arginase activity. The dose of 20 ng/mL selenium induced a significant decrease of bacterial growth (p < 0.0001) and a significant increase in macrophage phagocytic activity, NO production/arginase balance and S. aureus killing (for all comparisons, p < 0.001). Conclusions Selenium acts in a dose-dependent manner on macrophage activation, phagocytosis and bacterial killing suggesting that inadequate doses may cause a loss of macrophage bactericidal activities and that selenium supplementation could enhance the in vivo control of immune response to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Warda Meziane
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Salim Habi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Yasser Boulatika
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- Université Montpellier 1, UMR 5569 HydroSciences Montpellier, Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Luc Aymeric
- UM2-INRA, UMR1333, Laboratoire Diversité, Génomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes, Université de Montpellier, Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
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15
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Stanojević S, Kovačević-Jovanović V, Dimitrijević M, Vujić V, Ćuruvija I, Blagojević V, Leposavić G. Unopposed Estrogen Supplementation/Progesterone Deficiency in Post-Reproductive Age Affects the Secretory Profile of Resident Macrophages in a Tissue-Specific Manner in the Rat. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:445-56. [PMID: 26307150 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The influence of unopposed estrogen replacement/isolated progesterone deficiency on macrophage production of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in the post-reproductive age was studied. METHOD OF STUDY Considering that in the rats post-ovariectomy the circulating estradiol, but not progesterone level rises to the values in sham-operated controls, 20-month-old rats ovariectomized at the age of 10 months served as an experimental model. Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and arginine metabolism end-products were examined in splenic and peritoneal macrophages under basal conditions and following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. RESULTS Almost all peritoneal and a subset of splenic macrophages expressed the intracellular progesterone receptor. Ovariectomy diminished cytokine production by splenic (IL-1β) and peritoneal (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10) macrophages and increased the production of IL-10 by splenic and TGF-β by peritoneal cells under basal conditions. Following LPS stimulation, splenic macrophages from ovariectomized rats produced less TNF-α and more IL-10, whereas peritoneal macrophages produced less IL-1β and TGF-β than the corresponding cells from sham-operated rats. Ovariectomy diminished urea production in both subpopulations of LPS-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION Although long-lasting isolated progesterone deficiency in the post-reproductive age differentially affects cytokine production in the macrophages from distinct tissue compartments, in both subpopulations, it impairs the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Stanojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kovačević-Jovanović
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vujić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ćuruvija
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Blagojević
- Immunology Research Centre 'Branislav Janković', Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera 'Torlak', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Castillo RL, Carrasco Loza R, Romero-Dapueto C. Pathophysiological Approaches of Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome: Novel Bases for Study of Lung Injury. Open Respir Med J 2015; 9:83-91. [PMID: 26312099 PMCID: PMC4541465 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401509010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental approaches have been implemented to research the lung damage related-mechanism. These models show in animals pathophysiological events for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), such as neutrophil activation, reactive oxygen species burst, pulmonary vascular hypertension, exudative edema, and other events associated with organ dysfunction. Moreover, these approaches have not reproduced the clinical features of lung damage. Lung inflammation is a relevant event in the develop of ARDS as component of the host immune response to various stimuli, such as cytokines, antigens and endotoxins. In patients surviving at the local inflammatory states, transition from injury to resolution is an active mechanism regulated by the immuno-inflammatory signaling pathways. Indeed, inflammatory process is regulated by the dynamics of cell populations that migrate to the lung, such as neutrophils and on the other hand, the role of the modulation of transcription factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources, such as nuclear factor kappaB and NADPH oxidase. These experimental animal models reproduce key components of the injury and resolution phases of human ALI/ARDS and provide a methodology to explore mechanisms and potential new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Castillo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - R Carrasco Loza
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital del Salvador, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Romero-Dapueto
- Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Balijepalli AS, Comstock AT, Wang X, Jensen GC, Hershenson MB, Zacharek MA, Sajjan US, Meyerhoff ME. Enhancement of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity by Low Molecular Weight Peptides Derived from Protamine: A Potential Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2396-405. [PMID: 25978582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key immune defense agent that is produced from l-arginine in the airways by leukocytes and airway epithelial cells, primarily via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Deficiencies in nasal NO levels have been associated with diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and chronic rhinosinusitis. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept regarding a potential new therapeutic approach for such disorders. We show that arginine-rich low molecular weight peptides (LMWPs) derived from the FDA-approved protamine (obtained from salmon sperm) are effective at significantly raising NO production in both RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage and LA4 mouse epithelial cell lines. LMWP is produced using a stable, easily produced immobilized thermolysin gel column followed by size-exclusion purification. Monomeric l-arginine induces concentration-dependent increases in NO production in stimulated RAW 264.7 and LA4 cells, as measured by stable nitrite in the cell media. In stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, LMWP significantly increases iNOS expression and total NO production 12-24 h post-treatment compared to cells given equivalent levels of monomeric l-arginine. For stimulated LA4 cells, LMWPs are effective in significantly increasing NO production compared to equivalent l-arginine monomer concentrations over 24 h but do not substantially enhance iNOS expression. The use of the arginase inhibitor S-boronoethyl-l-cysteine in combination with LMWPs results in even higher NO production by stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LA4 cells. Increases in NO due to LMWPs, compared to l-arginine, occur only after 4 h, which may be due to iNOS elevation rather than increased substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant S Balijepalli
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam T Comstock
- ‡Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, 1150 West Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xuewei Wang
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gary C Jensen
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- ‡Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, 1150 West Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark A Zacharek
- §Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Umadevi S Sajjan
- ‡Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, 1150 West Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Jaecklin T, Duerr J, Huang H, Rafii M, Bear CE, Ratjen F, Pencharz P, Kavanagh BP, Mall MA, Grasemann H. Lung arginase expression and activity is increased in cystic fibrosis mouse models. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:284-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00167.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of arginase is increased in airway secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Downstream products of arginase activity may contribute to CF lung disease. We hypothesized that pulmonary arginase expression and activity would be increased in mouse models of CF and disproportionally increased in CF mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Expression of arginase isoforms in lung tissue was quantified with reverse transcriptase-PCR in naive cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( Cftr)-deficient mice and β-epithelial sodium channel-overexpressing [β-ENaC-transgenic (Tg)] mice. An isolated lung stable isotope perfusion model was used to measure arginase activity in Cftr-deficient mice before and after intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The expression of arginase-2 in lung was increased in adult Cftr-deficient animals and in newborn β-ENaC-Tg. Arginase-1 lung expression was normal in Cftr-deficient and in newborn β-ENaC-Tg mice, but was increased in β-ENaC-Tg mice at age 1, 3, and 6 wk. Arginase activity was significantly higher in lung (5.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 0.3 nmol·−1·h−1, P = 0.016) and airways (204.6 ± 49.8 vs. 79.3 ± 17.2 nmol·−1·h−1, P = 0.045) of naive Cftr-deficient mice compared with sex-matched wild-type littermate controls. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in a far greater increase in lung arginase activity in Cftr-deficient mice (10-fold) than in wild-type controls (6-fold) ( P = 0.01). This is the first ex vivo characterization of arginase expression and activity in CF mouse lung and airways. Our data show that pulmonary arginase expression and activity is increased in CF mice, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jaecklin
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hailu Huang
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahroukh Rafii
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E. Bear
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Pencharz
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian P. Kavanagh
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Program in Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Lou Y, Zhang G, Geng M, Zhang W, Cui J, Liu S. TIPE2 negatively regulates inflammation by switching arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase to arginase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96508. [PMID: 24806446 PMCID: PMC4013027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TIPE2, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2), plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. It is highly expressed in macrophages and negatively regulates inflammation through inhibiting Toll-like receptor signaling. In this paper, we utilized RAW264.7 cells stably transfected with a TIPE2 expression plasmid, as well as TIPE2-deficient macrophages to study the roles of TIPE2 in LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and urea production. The results showed that TIPE2-deficiency significantly upregulated the levels of iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, but decreased mRNA levels of arginase I and urea production. However, TIPE2 overexpression in macrophages was capable of downregulating protein levels of LPS-induced iNOS and NO, but generated greater levels of arginase I and urea production. Furthermore, TIPE2−/− mice had higher iNOS protein levels in lung and liver and higher plasma NO concentrations, but lower levels of liver arginase I compared to LPS-treated WT controls. Interestingly, significant increases in IκB degradation and phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and IκB were observed in TIPE2-deficient macrophages following LPS challenge. These results strongly suggest that TIPE2 plays an important role in shifting L-arginase metabolism from production of NO to urea, during host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Lou
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Guizhong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Geng
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Liu
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Ji'nan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Characterization of arginase expression by equine neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 157:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Lucas R, Czikora I, Sridhar S, Zemskov EA, Oseghale A, Circo S, Cederbaum SD, Chakraborty T, Fulton DJ, Caldwell RW, Romero MJ. Arginase 1: an unexpected mediator of pulmonary capillary barrier dysfunction in models of acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2013; 4:228. [PMID: 23966993 PMCID: PMC3736115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of epithelial and endothelial barriers in the lower airspaces of the lungs has to be tightly regulated, in order to prevent leakage and to assure efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries. Both G− and G+ bacterial toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide and pneumolysin, respectively, can be released in high concentrations within the pulmonary compartments upon antibiotic treatment of patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or severe pneumonia. These toxins are able to impair endothelial barrier function, either directly, or indirectly, by induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and neutrophil sequestration. Toxin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability can involve myosin light chain phosphorylation and/or microtubule rearrangement. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was proposed to be a guardian of basal barrier function, since eNOS knock-out mice display an impaired expression of inter-endothelial junction proteins and as such an increased vascular permeability, as compared to wild type mice. The enzyme arginase, the activity of which can be regulated by the redox status of the cell, exists in two isoforms – arginase 1 (cytosolic) and arginase 2 (mitochondrial) – both of which can be expressed in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Upon activation, arginase competes with eNOS for the substrate l-arginine, as such impairing eNOS-dependent NO generation and promoting reactive oxygen species generation by the enzyme. This mini-review will discuss recent findings regarding the interaction between bacterial toxins and arginase during acute lung injury and will as such address the role of arginase in bacterial toxin-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA ; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, GA , USA
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Bratt JM, Zeki AA, Last JA, Kenyon NJ. Competitive metabolism of L-arginine: arginase as a therapeutic target in asthma. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:299-308. [PMID: 23554705 PMCID: PMC3596726 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath nitric oxide (NO) is an accepted asthma biomarker. Lung concentrations of NO and its amino acid precursor, L-arginine, are regulated by the relative expressions of the NO synthase (NOS) and arginase isoforms. Increased expression of arginase I and NOS2 occurs in murine models of allergic asthma and in biopsies of asthmatic airways. Although clinical trials involving the inhibition of NO-producing enzymes have shown mixed results, small molecule arginase inhibitors have shown potential as a therapeutic intervention in animal and cell culture models. Their transition to clinical trials is hampered by concerns regarding their safety and potential toxicity. In this review, we discuss the paradigm of arginase and NOS competition for their substrate L-arginine in the asthmatic airway. We address the functional role of L-arginine in inflammation and the potential role of arginase inhibitors as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bratt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Gong D, Shi W, Yi SJ, Chen H, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. TGFβ signaling plays a critical role in promoting alternative macrophage activation. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:31. [PMID: 22703233 PMCID: PMC3406960 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upon stimulation with different cytokines, macrophages can undergo classical or alternative activation to become M1 or M2 macrophages. Alternatively activated (or M2) macrophages are defined by their expression of specific gene products and play an important role in containing inflammation, removing apoptotic cells and repairing tissue damage. Whereas it is well-established that IL-4 can drive alternative activation, if lack of TGFβ signaling at physiological levels affects M2 polarization has not been addressed. Results Vav1-Cre x TβRIIfx/fx mice, lacking TβRII function in hematopoietic cells, exhibited uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation and developed a lethal autoimmune syndrome at young age. This was accompanied by significantly increased numbers of splenic neutrophils and T cells as well as elevated hepatic macrophage infiltration and bone marrow monocyte counts. TβRII-/- CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the lymph nodes and spleen expressed increased cell surface CD44, and CD69 was also higher on CD4+ lymph node T-cells. Loss of TβRII in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) did not affect the ability of these cells to perform efferocytosis. However, these cells were defective in basal and IL-4-induced arg1 mRNA and Arginase-1 protein production. Moreover, the transcription of genes that are typically upregulated in M2-polarized macrophages, such as ym1, mcr2 and mgl2, was also decreased in peritoneal macrophages and IL-4-stimulated TβRII-/- BMDMs. We found that cell surface and mRNA expression of Galectin-3, which also regulates M2 macrophage polarization, was lower in TβRII-/- BMDMs. Very interestingly, the impaired ability of these null mutant BMDMs to differentiate into IL-4 polarized macrophages was Stat6- and Smad3-independent, but correlated with reduced levels of phospho-Akt and β-catenin. Conclusions Our results establish a novel biological role for TGFβ signaling in controlling expression of genes characteristic for alternatively activated macrophages. We speculate that lack of TβRII signaling reduces the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages because of reduced expression of these products. This would cause defects in the ability of the M2 macrophages to negatively regulate other immune cells such as T-cells in the lung, possibly explaining the systemic inflammation observed in Vav1-Cre x TβRIIfx/fx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Gong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Hyseni X, Soukup JM, Huang YCT. Pollutant particles induce arginase II in human bronchial epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:624-636. [PMID: 22712848 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.688479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse pulmonary effects, including induction and exacerbation of asthma. Recently arginase was shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, it was postulated that PM exposure might induce arginase. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) obtained from normal individuals by endobronchial brushings cultured on an air-liquid interface were incubated with fine Chapel Hill particles (PM₂.₅, 100 μg/ml) for up to 72 h. Arginase activity, protein expression, and mRNA of arginase I and arginase II were measured. PM₂.₅ increased arginase activity in a time-dependent manner. The rise was primarily due to upregulation of arginase II. PD153035 (10 μM), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor antagonist, attenuated the PM₂.₅-induced elevation in arginase activity and arginase II expression. Treatment of HBEC with human EGF increased arginase activity and arginase II expression. Pretreatment with catalase (200 U/ml), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml), or apocynin (5 μg/ml), an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, did not markedly affect arginase II expression. Treatment of HBEC with arginase II siRNA inhibited the expression of arginase II by 60% and increased IL-8 release induced by PM₂.₅. These results indicate that PM exposure upregulates arginase II activity and expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, in part via EGF-dependent mechanisms independent of oxidative stress. The elevated arginase II activity and expression may be a mechanism underlying adverse effects induced by PM exposure in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhevahire Hyseni
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Yamamoto M, Tochino Y, Chibana K, Trudeau JB, Holguin F, Wenzel SE. Nitric oxide and related enzymes in asthma: relation to severity, enzyme function and inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 42:760-8. [PMID: 22092728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) associates with asthma and eosinophilic inflammation. However, relationships between nitric oxide synthases, arginase, FeNO, asthma severity and inflammation remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationships of iNOS expression/activation and arginase 2 expression with asthma severity, FeNO, nitrotyrosine (NT) and eosinophilic inflammation. METHODS Bronchial brushings and sputum were obtained from 25 normal controls, eight mild/no inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), 16 mild-moderate/with ICS and 35 severe asthmatics. The FeNO was measured the same day by ATS/ERS standards. The iNOS, arginase2 mRNA/protein and NT protein were measured in lysates from bronchial brushings by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Induced sputum differentials were obtained. RESULTS Severe asthma was associated with the highest levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, although the index of iNOS mRNA to arginase2 mRNA most strongly differentiated severe from milder asthma. When evaluating NO-related enzyme functionality, iNOS mRNA/protein expression both strongly predicted FeNO (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001 for both). Only iNOS protein predicted NT levels (r = 0.48, P = 0.003) with the strongest relationship in severe asthma (r = 0.61, P = 0.009). The iNOS protein, FeNO and NT, all correlated with sputum eosinophils, but the relationships were again strongest in severe asthma. Controlling for arginase 2 mRNA/protein did not impact any functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data suggest that while iNOS expression from epithelial brushings is highest in severe asthma, factors controlling arginase2 mRNA expression significantly improve differentiation of severity. In contrast, functionality of the NO pathway as measured by FeNO, NT and eosinophilic inflammation, is strongly associated with iNOS expression alone, particularly in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamamoto
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Shin W, Cuong TD, Lee JH, Min B, Jeon BH, Lim HK, Ryoo S. Arginase Inhibition by Ethylacetate Extract of Caesalpinia sappan Lignum Contributes to Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:123-8. [PMID: 21860589 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan (C. sappan) is a medicinal plant used for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. During a screening procedure on medicinal plants, the ethylacetate extract of the lignum of C. sappan (CLE) showed inhibitory activity on arginase which has recently been reported as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. CLE inhibited arginase II activity prepared from kidney lysate in a dose-dependent manner. In HUVECs, inhibition of arginase activity by CLE reciprocally increased NOx production through enhancement of eNOS dimer stability without any significant changes in the protein levels of eNOS and arginase II expression. Furthermore, CLE-dependent arginase inhibition resulted in increase of NO generation and decrease of superoxide production on endothelium of isolated mice aorta. These results indicate that CLE augments NO production on endothelium through inhibition of arginase activity, and may imply their usefulness for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosung Shin
- Department of Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Woo A, Min B, Ryoo S. Piceatannol-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside as an active component of rhubarb activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase through inhibition of arginase activity. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:524-32. [PMID: 20543547 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.7.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase competitively inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via use of the common substrate L-arginine. Arginase II has recently reported as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that piceatannol-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PG), a potent component of stilbenes, inhibits the activity of arginase I and II prepared from mouse liver and kidney lysates, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, incubation of PG markedly blocked arginase activity and increased NOx production, as measured by Griess assay. The PG effect was associated with increase of eNOS dimer ratio, although the protein levels of arginase II or eNOS were not changed. Furthermore, isolated mice aortic rings treated with PG showed inhibited arginase activity that resulted in increased nitric oxide (NO) production upto 78%, as measured using 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorescein (DAF-FM) and a decreased superoxide anions up to 63%, as measured using dihydroethidine (DHE) in the intact endothelium. PG showed IC((50)) value of 11.22 microM and 11.06 microM against arginase I and II, respectively. PG as an arginase inhibitor, therefore, represents a novel molecule for the therapy of cardiovascular diseases derived from endothelial dysfunction and may be used for the design of pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainieng Woo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Ogino K, Obase Y, Takahashi N, Shimizu H, Takigawa T, Wang DH, Ouchi K, Oka M. High serum arginase I levels in asthma: its correlation with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. J Asthma 2010; 48:1-7. [PMID: 21039185 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2010.528496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much attention has been directed to the induction of arginase I in the lung of asthmatic mice. However, there is no agreement on the changes of serum arginase activity in asthmatic patients among previous studies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of serum arginase I in asthmatic patients. METHODS Serum arginase I was examined cross-sectionally in non-smoking asthmatic patients (n = 23) and healthy individuals (n = 30) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its correlations with several clinical parameters were investigated. RESULTS Serum levels of arginase I were significantly increased in asthmatic patients (mean ± SD 67.4 ± 41.0 ng/mL) compared with healthy controls (27.2 ± 12.9 ng/mL). In healthy controls, a difference in arginase I levels was not observed between sex groups but was observed between age groups. In asthmatic patients, serum arginase I levels were not different between groups of age, sex, and inhalation steroid therapy but were different between groups of atopic status. Non-atopic asthmatic patients revealed significantly high serum arginase I levels compared with atopic asthmatic patients and healthy controls although no difference was observed between atopic asthmatic patients and healthy controls. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that serum arginase I level had a significant negative correlation with age and a positive correlation with red blood cell numbers in healthy controls, whereas in asthmatic patients, it had significant positive correlations with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and a negative correlation with immunoglobulin-E (IgE). CONCLUSIONS High serum arginase I levels in asthmatic patients may be associated with airway inflammation in non-atopic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Jia W, Jackson-Cook C, Graf MR. Tumor-infiltrating, myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T cell activity by nitric oxide production in an intracranial rat glioma + vaccination model. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 223:20-30. [PMID: 20452681 PMCID: PMC2883008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In rats bearing an intracranial T9 glioma, immunization with tumor antigens induces myeloid suppressor cells, which express neutrophil (His48) and monocyte (CD11bc) markers, to infiltrate the tumors. The His48(+)/CD11bc(+) cells were not derived from CNS microglia but were hematogenous; suppressed multiple T cell effector functions; and are myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The glioma-infiltrating MDSC expressed arginase I, iNOS, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and TGF-beta; however, inhibitor/blocking studies demonstrated that NO production was the primary mechanism of suppression which induced T cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that neuro-immunomodulation by MDSC in rat gliomas maybe mediated by a pathway requiring NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery - Harold F. Young Neurosurgical Center and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth, P.O. Box 980631, Richmond, VA, 23298-0631, USA
| | - Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, P.O. Box 980662, Richmond, VA, 23298-0662, USA
| | - Martin R. Graf
- Department of Neurosurgery - Harold F. Young Neurosurgical Center and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth, P.O. Box 980631, Richmond, VA, 23298-0631, USA
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Species differences in expression pattern of arginase isoenzymes and differential effects of arginase inhibition on collagen synthesis in human and rat pulmonary fibroblasts. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 381:297-304. [PMID: 20107769 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arginase was shown to be up-regulated in different animal models of inflammatory and fibrotic airway diseases. Since arginase provides L-ornithine, one precursor for L-proline, an essential substrate for collagen synthesis, it has been suggested that arginase might be a key enzyme in airway remodelling. The present study aimed to characterize expression of arginase isoenzymes in rat and human pulmonary fibroblasts, and to test whether arginase inhibition affects collagen synthesis. In primary rat tracheal and lung fibroblasts, mRNA for arginase I and II could be detected, with arginase I as predominant isoenzyme. In contrast, in human lung fibroblasts (primary cells and different cells lines) mRNA levels for arginase I were at or below detection limit whereas arginase II mRNA was markedly higher than in rat pulmonary fibroblasts. Arginase activity in rat tracheal and lung fibroblasts was between 20 and 30 mU/mg protein, but was below detection limit (2.5 mU/mg) in human lung fibroblasts. In rat tracheal and lung fibroblasts cultured in proline-free medium, arginase inhibition by N(omega)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine caused a reduction by about one-third of basal collagen I accumulation (determined by western blot analysis) and largely attenuated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta(1))-induced increase in collagen accumulation, whereas basal and TGF-beta(1)-induced collagen accumulation by human lung fibroblasts was not affected by arginase inhibition. In conclusion, arginase isoenzymes reveal a species specific expression pattern. Arginase contributes significantly to L-proline supply for collagen synthesis in rat fibroblasts, in which arginase I is the predominant isoenzyme, but not in human fibroblasts, in which arginase II is the only isoenzyme expressed.
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Menzies FM, Henriquez FL, Alexander J, Roberts CW. Sequential expression of macrophage anti-microbial/inflammatory and wound healing markers following innate, alternative and classical activation. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 160:369-79. [PMID: 20059482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the temporal dynamics of macrophage activation marker expression in response to variations in stimulation. We demonstrate that markers can be categorized as 'early' (expressed most abundantly at 6 h post-stimulation) or 'late' (expressed at 24 h post-stimulation). Thus nos2 and p40 (IL-12/IL-23) are early markers of innate and classical activation, while dectin-1 and mrc-1 are early markers and fizz1 (found in inflammatory zone-1) and ym1 are late markers of alternative activation. Furthermore, argI is a late marker of both innate and alternative activation. The ability of interferon (IFN)-gamma to alter these activation markers was studied at both the protein level and gene level. As reported previously, IFN-gamma was able to drive macrophages towards the classical phenotype by enhancing nos2 gene expression and enzyme activity and p40 (IL-12/IL-23) gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. IFN-gamma antagonized alternative macrophage activation, as evident by reduced expression of dectin-1, mrc-1, fizz1 and ym1 mRNA transcripts. In addition, IFN-gamma antagonized arginase activity irrespective of whether macrophages were activated innately or alternatively. Our data explain some apparent contradictions in the literature, demonstrate temporal plasticity in macrophage activation states and define for the first time 'early' and 'late' markers associated with anti-microbial/inflammatory and wound healing responses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Menzies
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
The enzyme arginase metabolizes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. Besides its fundamental role in the hepatic urea cycle, arginase is also expressed the immune system of mice and man. While significant interspecies differences exist regarding expression, subcellular localization and regulation of immune cell arginase, associated pathways of immunopathology are comparable between species. Arginase is induced in murine myeloid cells mainly by Th2 cytokines and inflammatory agents and participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases by down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis, induction of fibrosis and tissue regeneration. In humans, arginase I is constitutively expressed in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and is liberated during inflammation. Myeloid cell arginase-mediated L-arginine depletion profoundly suppresses T cell immune responses and this has emerged as a fundamental mechanism of inflammation-associated immunosuppression. Pharmacological interference with L-arginine metabolism is a novel promising strategy in the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity or unwanted immune deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Munder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nurten T, Nihal Ş, Gonca O, Özgür A, Halil Y, Filiz B, Barbaros B. Role of Neutrophils in Arginine-asymmetric Dimethylarginine Pathway Subsequent to Endotoxemia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173 Suppl 1:E55-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maarsingh H, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Arginase: a key enzyme in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma opening novel therapeutic perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:652-64. [PMID: 19703164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways' disease, characterized by allergen-induced early and late bronchial obstructive reactions, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Recent ex vivo and in vivo studies in animal models and asthmatic patients have indicated that arginase may play a central role in all these features. Thus, increased arginase activity in the airways induces reduced bioavailability of L-arginine to constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthases, causing a deficiency of bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory NO, as well as increased formation of peroxynitrite, which may be involved in allergen-induced airways obstruction, AHR and inflammation. In addition, both via reduced NO production and enhanced synthesis of L-ornithine, increased arginase activity may be involved in airway remodelling by promoting cell proliferation and collagen deposition in the airway wall. Therefore, arginase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute and chronic asthma. This review focuses on the pathophysiological role of arginase in allergic asthma and the emerging effectiveness of arginase inhibitors in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Maarsingh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Arginase and pulmonary diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 378:171-84. [PMID: 18437360 PMCID: PMC2493601 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that arginase, which converts L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary disorders. In asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis, increased arginase activity in the airways may contribute to obstruction and hyperresponsiveness of the airways by inducing a reduction in the production of bronchodilatory nitric oxide (NO) that results from its competition with constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases for their common substrate. In addition, reduced L-arginine availability to iNOS induced by arginase may result in the synthesis of both NO and the superoxide anion by this enzyme, thereby enhancing the production of peroxynitrite, which has procontractile and pro-inflammatory actions. Increased synthesis of L-ornithine by arginase may also contribute to airway remodelling in these diseases. L-Ornithine is a precursor of polyamines and L-proline, and these metabolic products may promote cell proliferation and collagen production, respectively. Increased arginase activity may also be involved in other fibrotic disorders of the lung, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, through its action of inducing reduced levels of vasodilating NO, increased arginase activity has been associated with primary and secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension. Drugs targeting the arginase pathway could have therapeutic potential in these diseases.
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Maarsingh H, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Arginine homeostasis in allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:375-84. [PMID: 18410920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease characterized by early and late asthmatic reactions, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Changes in l-arginine homeostasis may contribute to all these features of asthma by decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased formation of peroxynitrite, polyamines and l-proline. Intracellular l-arginine levels are regulated by at least three distinct mechanisms: (i) cellular uptake by cationic amino acid (CAT) transporters, (ii) metabolism by NO-synthase (NOS) and arginase, and (iii) recycling from l-citrulline. Ex vivo studies using animal models of allergic asthma have indicated that attenuated l-arginine bioavailability to NOS causes deficiency of bronchodilating NO and increased production of procontractile peroxynitrite, which importantly contribute to allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness after the early and late asthmatic reaction, respectively. Decreased cellular uptake of l-arginine, due to (eosinophil-derived) polycations inhibiting CATs, as well as increased consumption by increased arginase activity are major causes of substrate limitation to NOS. Increasing substrate availability to NOS by administration of l-arginine, l-citrulline, the polycation scavenger heparin, or an arginase inhibitor alleviates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness by restoring the production of bronchodilating NO. In addition, reduced l-arginine levels may contribute to the airway inflammation associated with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, which similarly may involve decreased NO synthesis and increased peroxynitrite formation. Increased arginase activity could also contribute to airway remodelling and persistent airway hyperresponsiveness in chronic asthma via increased synthesis of l-ornithine, the precursor of polyamines and l-proline. Drugs that increase the bioavailability of l-arginine in the airways - particularly arginase inhibitors - may have therapeutic potential in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Maarsingh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced up-regulation of arginase in rat alveolar macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 579:403-10. [PMID: 18001708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, in which increased arginase may play a role by interfering with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and providing substrate for collagen synthesis. Therefore a modulatory role of reactive oxygen species for arginase was explored in alveolar macrophages using the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. The effects of lipopolysacharides (LPS) and apocynin on nitrite accumulation, arginase activity and mRNA for inducible NO synthase (iNOS), arginase I and II were determined. Superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) release was analysed by the iodonitrotetrazolium (INT) formazan assay. LPS (1 microg/ml) caused a 55%, transient increase in INT formation, i.e. O(2)(-) release which was inhibited by apocynin (500 microM). LPS caused a 2 fold increase in arginase activity and a marked increase in mRNA encoding arginase I, the predominant isoenzyme. Both effects were largely attenuated by apocynin. Apocynin did not affect the stability of arginase I mRNA, but accelerated the decline of arginase activity when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. Apocynin also reduced LPS-induced nitrite accumulation (by 30%) and iNOS mRNA expression, but the magnitude of these effects was smaller than that on arginase I. Arginase I mRNA was also increased following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 200 muM). In conclusion, inhibition of NADPH oxidase in alveolar macrophages causes down-regulation of arginase, indicating that reactive oxygen species exert stimulatory effects on arginase. Enhanced transcription of arginase mRNA and prolongation of the life time of the active enzyme appear to contribute to the enhanced arginase activity.
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Nelin LD, Wang X, Zhao Q, Chicoine LG, Young TL, Hatch DM, English BK, Liu Y. MKP-1 switches arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase to arginase following endotoxin challenge. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293:C632-40. [PMID: 17442735 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00137.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine (L-arg) is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO) by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) or to urea and L-ornithine (L-orn) by arginase. NO is involved in the inflammatory response, whereas arginase is the first step in polyamine and proline synthesis necessary for tissue repair and wound healing. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) mediate LPS-induced iNOS expression, and MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) plays a crucial role in limiting MAPK signaling in macrophages. We hypothesized that MKP-1, by attenuating iNOS expression, acts as a switch changing L-arg metabolism from NO production to L-orn production after endotoxin administration. To test this hypothesis, we performed studies in RAW264.7 macrophages stably transfected with an MKP-1 expression vector in thioglyollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages harvested from wild-type and Mkp-1(-/-) mice, as well as in vivo in wild-type and Mkp-1(-/-) mice. We found that overexpression of MKP-1 resulted in lower iNOS expression and NO production but greater urea production in response to LPS. Although deficiency of MKP-1 resulted in greater iNOS expression and NO production and lower urea production in response to LPS, neither the overexpression nor the deficiency of MKP-1 had any substantial effect on the expression of the arginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Balabanli B, Erdamar H, Türközkan N, Yaman H, Kurt Y. Effect of taurine on endotoxin-induced alterations in plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, l-arginine and nitric oxide in guinea pigs. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2007; 24:53-7. [PMID: 17310400 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-007-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of taurine on the plasma levels of L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine/ADMA ratio and nitric oxide was investigated in experimental endotoxemia. L-arginine and ADMA levels were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. Nitric oxide level was measured with spectrophotometric method. All experiments were performed with four groups (control, taurine, endotoxemia, taurine plus endotoxin) of 10 guinea pigs. After the endotoxin was administrated (4 mg/kg) ADMA level increased, nitric oxide level did not change but L-arginine level and L-arginine/ADMA ratio decreased. When taurine was administrated (300 mg/kg) no effect on ADMA and nitric oxide levels was observed compared to the endotoxemia group. But it was increased the L-arginine/ADMA ratio. Taurine may offer an advantage in because of it increases the reduced L-arginine/ADMA ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbaros Balabanli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ckless K, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger Y. Oxidative-nitrosative stress and post-translational protein modifications: implications to lung structure-function relations. Arginase modulates NF-kappaB activity via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 36:645-53. [PMID: 17218616 PMCID: PMC1899343 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0329sm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a versatile transcription factor that regulates a wide array of processes, including inflammation and survival, and plays a critical role in the etiology of inflammatory lung diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to play an antiinflammatory role through S-nitrosation of components of NF-kappaB pathway. NO production can be modulated by changing the availability of its substrate, L-arginine. Arginases compete with NO synthases (NOSs) for their common substrate, L-arginine, and thereby have the potential to alter the signaling function of NO. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of arginase manipulation on NO, and subsequent effects on NF-kappaB activation, in lung epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that reduction of arginase activity enhanced cellular content of NO and S-nitrosated proteins, and resulted in decreases in TNF-alpha- or LPS-stimulated NF-kappaB DNA binding and transcriptional activity, in association with enhanced S-nitrosation of p50. The effects of arginase inhibition on NF-kappaB were reversed by the generic NOS inhibitor, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), suggesting a causal role for NO in the attenuation of NF-kappaB induced by arginase suppression. Conversely, overexpression of arginase I decreased cellular S-nitrosothiol content and enhanced IkappaB kinase activity and NF-kappaB DNA binding, and decreased S-nitrosation of p50. Collectively, our data point to a regulatory mechanism wherein NF-kappaB is controlled through arginase-dependent regulation of NO levels, which may impact on chronic inflammatory diseases that are accompanied by NF-kappaB activation and upregulation of arginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ckless
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Ricciardolo FLM, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. The therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the arginase pathway in asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 14:1221-31. [PMID: 16185164 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.10.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Arginine metabolism by arginases may be of importance in health and disease, either by competing with nitric oxide synthases for the common substrate or by the production of L-ornithine. L-ornithine serves as a precursor for L-proline and polyamines, which may be involved in tissue remodelling by promoting collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Arginase activity potentiates airway reactivity by reducing the production of bronchodilatory nitric oxide. Increased arginase activity has been implicated in the development of allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness in experimental asthma. In addition, reduced L-arginine availability to inducible nitric oxide synthase by arginase may lead to an increased production of peroxynitrite, contributing to increased airway smooth muscle contractility, airway inflammation and cell damage in this disease. Recent studies demonstrate that the upregulation of arginase by T helper type 2 cytokines in lung tissue as well as in cultured airway fibroblasts indicates a possible role of the enzyme in airway re-modelling. These findings, in conjunction with human studies showing a role for arginase in acute asthma, open a new horizon for the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the arginase pathway in asthma.
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Takamatsu Y, Shimada K, Yamaguchi K, Kuroki S, Chijiiwa K, Tanaka M. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents hepatic, but not pulmonary, injury following ischemia-reperfusion of rat liver. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:571-9. [PMID: 16614969 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-3172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide on the liver and lung injury following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using a novel and potent iNOS inhibitor, ONO-1714. Rats were subjected to 90 min of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr of reperfusion. Expression of iNOS mRNA peaked at 3 hr of reperfusion in the liver and lung. Plasma nitric oxide levels were increased fourfold at 24 hr of reperfusion and plasma ALT was increased, reaching a peak at 12 hr of reperfusion; both were significantly inhibited by ONO-1714. Histological examination revealed extensive liver damage, whereas this was not seen in the ONO-1714 group. Lung injury was not significantly changed in groups with versus without ONO-1714. Nitrotyrosine expression was seen in regions similar to those of the histological injuries of the liver, while this staining was absent in the ONO-1714 group. These data show that generation of peroxynitrite could be involved in the pathogenesis of liver injury but not lung injury after hepatic I/R. Inhibition of iNOS could be applied for attenuation of liver injury following hepatic I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Grasemann H, Schwiertz R, Matthiesen S, Racké K, Ratjen F. Increased Arginase Activity in Cystic Fibrosis Airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172:1523-8. [PMID: 16166623 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200502-253oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Airway nitric oxide concentrations are reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF). Arginases compete for L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthesis. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that increased arginase activity may be one factor contributing to nitric oxide deficiency in CF. MEASUREMENTS We therefore studied sputum arginase activity, exhaled nitric oxide, and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. RESULTS Mean (+/- SEM) sputum arginase activity was significantly higher in patients admitted for pulmonary exacerbation compared with patients with stable disease (1.032 +/- 0.148 vs. 0.370 +/- 0.091 U/mg protein, p = 0.004). Fourteen days of intravenous antibiotic treatment resulted in significantly decreased sputum arginase activity in all patients (p = 0.0002). However, arginase activity was still significantly (p = 0.0001) higher in CF sputum after treatment for exacerbation compared with induced sputum from healthy control subjects (0.026 +/- 0.006 U/mg protein). Negative correlations were found for sputum arginase activity at admission with FEV1 (r = -0.41, p = 0.01), as well as changes in arginase activity with percent change in FEV1 during antibiotic therapy (r = -0.4, p < 0.01) in CF. Exhaled nitric oxide in CF was positively correlated to FEV1 (r = 0.34, p = 0.007), and in patients admitted for pulmonary exacerbation negatively correlated to sputum arginase activity (r = -0.45, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that increased sputum arginase activity contributes to nitric oxide deficiency in CF lung disease and may be relevant in the pathogenesis of CF airway disease.
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Dzik JM, Gołos B, Jagielska E, Zielinski Z, Wałajtys-Rode E. A non-classical type of alveolar macrophage response to Trichinella spiralis infection. Parasite Immunol 2004; 26:197-205. [PMID: 15367297 DOI: 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of arginase expression and activity in guinea pig alveolar macrophages during Trichinella spiralis infection, prompted by earlier observation of innate lung response to the parasite, showed the macrophages to express both activity and protein of arginase type I. In cultured macrophages part of the enzyme was found to be always released to the extracellular medium. Whereas BCG in vivo treatment, alone or preceded by T. spiralis infection, stimulated arginase activity, T. spiralis infection alone affected the enzyme distribution between intracellular and extracellular fractions, and properties (K(m) and V(max)), rather than total (intracellular + extracellular) activity, with TGF-beta apparently responsible for a part of the effect. Anti-TGF-beta antibody treatment of the animals influenced both arginase activation by Mn(2+) and dependence of the enzyme-catalysed reaction on pH. Whereas T. spiralis infection activated guinea pig alveolar macrophages by the type II macrophage activation, as indicated by constant arginase expression, associated with previously demonstrated lack of stimulation of nitric oxide production, BCG treatment invoked an alternative type of activation mechanism, reflected by stimulation of macrophage arginase, but not iNOS, activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dzik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from arginine by NO synthase (NOS), and the availability of arginine is one of the rate-limiting factors in cellular NO production. Citrulline that is formed as a by-product of the NOS reaction can be recycled to arginine by successive actions of argininosuccinate synthetase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase (AL), forming the citrulline-NO cycle. AS and sometimes AL have been shown to be coinduced with inducible NOS (iNOS) in various cell types including activated macrophages, microglia, vascular smooth muscle cells, glial cells, neuronal PC12 cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and pancreatic beta-cells. Coinduction of endothelial NOS (eNOS), AS, and AL are observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In contrast, arginase can downregulate NO production by decreasing intracellular arginine concentrations. iNOS and arginase activities are regulated reciprocally in macrophages by cytokines, and this may guarantee the efficient production of NO. In contrast, iNOS and arginase isoforms (type I and/or II) are coinduced in immunostimulated macrophages, but not in PC12 cells and glial cells. These results indicate that NO production is modulated by the recycling and degradation of arginine. Arginase also plays an important role in regulation of polyamine and proline synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Mori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
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El-Gayar S, Thüring-Nahler H, Pfeilschifter J, Röllinghoff M, Bogdan C. Translational control of inducible nitric oxide synthase by IL-13 and arginine availability in inflammatory macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 171:4561-8. [PMID: 14568929 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.9.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and its generation of NO from L-arginine are subject to transcriptional as well as posttranscriptional control by cytokines. In this study, we describe a novel, translational mechanism of iNOS regulation by arginine availability. Using mouse inflammatory peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IFN-gamma plus LPS, we demonstrate that the suppression of iNOS protein, which is observed after a 16-h (but not after a 6-h) pretreatment with IL-13, despite an unaltered iNOS mRNA level, results from arginine depletion by arginase. The addition of arginase inhibitors (in the pretreatment phase) or of arginine (in the stimulation phase) completely blocked the down-regulation of iNOS protein by IL-13. The rescuing effect of arginine supplementation was not due to a positive feedback regulation of iNOS expression via enhanced production of NO. A striking suppression of iNOS protein (but not of iNOS mRNA) was also seen, when IL-13 was replaced by purified arginase or when macrophages were stimulated with IFN-gamma/LPS in arginine-free medium. Arginine deficiency specifically impaired the de novo synthesis and the stability of iNOS protein, but did not affect the production of TNF and the overall protein synthesis of the macrophages. From these results, we conclude that arginine not only functions as a substrate for iNOS, but is also critical for maintaining normal levels of iNOS protein in cytokine-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan El-Gayar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Shin HW, Rose-Gottron CM, Cooper DM, Newcomb RL, George SC. Airway diffusing capacity of nitric oxide and steroid therapy in asthma. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 96:65-75. [PMID: 12959957 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00575.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration is a noninvasive index for monitoring lung inflammation in diseases such as asthma. The plateau concentration at constant flow is highly dependent on the exhalation flow rate and the use of corticosteroids and cannot distinguish airway and alveolar sources. In subjects with steroid-naive asthma (n = 8) or steroid-treated asthma (n = 12) and in healthy controls (n = 24), we measured flow-independent NO exchange parameters that partition exhaled NO into airway and alveolar regions and correlated these with symptoms and lung function. The mean (+/-SD) maximum airway flux (pl/s) and airway tissue concentration [parts/billion (ppb)] of NO were lower in steroid-treated asthmatic subjects compared with steroid-naive asthmatic subjects (1,195 +/- 836 pl/s and 143 +/- 66 ppb compared with 2,693 +/- 1,687 pl/s and 438 +/- 312 ppb, respectively). In contrast, the airway diffusing capacity for NO (pl.s-1.ppb-1) was elevated in both asthmatic groups compared with healthy controls, independent of steroid therapy (11.8 +/- 11.7, 8.71 +/- 5.74, and 3.13 +/- 1.57 pl.s-1.ppb-1 for steroid treated, steroid naive, and healthy controls, respectively). In addition, the airway diffusing capacity was inversely correlated with both forced expired volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (%predicted), whereas the airway tissue concentration was positively correlated with forced vital capacity. Consistent with previously reported results from Silkoff et al. (Silkoff PE, Sylvester JT, Zamel N, and Permutt S, Am J Respir Crit Med 161: 1218-1228, 2000) that used an alternate technique, we conclude that the airway diffusing capacity for NO is elevated in asthma independent of steroid therapy and may reflect clinically relevant changes in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2575, USA
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Lindemann D, Racké K. Glucocorticoid inhibition of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) induced up-regulation of arginase in rat airway fibroblasts. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 368:546-50. [PMID: 14618299 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Accepted: 09/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Arginase appears to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and obstructive airway diseases by interfering with NO synthesis (hyperreactivity) and by providing substrate for collagen synthesis (remodelling). IL-4 and IL-13 are key proinflammatory cytokines in asthma, and their effects on arginase in rat primary airway fibroblasts in culture were studied. Airway fibroblasts showed significant arginase activity, which was higher when the culture medium contained 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (20 mU/mg protein) compared to 5% FCS (6 mU/mg protein). In presence of 10% FCS addition of IL-4 or IL-13 (10 ng/ml each) for 20 h or 40 h caused an increase in arginase activity by 76% and 160% (IL-4) and by 134% and 213% (IL-13), respectively. Using RT-PCR mRNA for arginase I was clearly detectable with 30 PCR cycles, whereas mRNA for arginase II was hardly detectable with 35 PCR cycles. IL-4 and IL-13 caused a clear increase in the mRNA of both arginase isoenzymes. Dexamethasone (1 microM) did not affect basal arginase activity, but largely opposed the stimulatory effects of IL-4 and IL-13. In conclusion, IL-4 and IL-13 can cause a marked up-regulation of arginase activity in rat airway fibroblasts and these effects can be inhibited by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Lindemann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Universität Bonn, Reuterstrasse 2b, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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