1
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Zagrebelsky M, Korte M. Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:29-34. [PMID: 37488840 PMCID: PMC10479861 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological processes. It has been shown to act in the brain, promoting neuronal survival, growth, and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the metabolism. Due to its crucial and very pleiotropic activity, reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. However, because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties, brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic value. Moreover, the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side effects. Therefore, developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational research. Among the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist molecules. In this review, we give a comprehensive description of the different tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the results of their application in animal models of several neurological diseases. Moreover, we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists, concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies. The benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal plasticity. Moreover, tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor and not p75 neurotrophin receptor. Therefore, while, based on the current knowledge, the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists do not seem to have the potential to reverse the disease pathology per se, promoting brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling still has a very high therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zagrebelsky
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NIND, Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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3
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Manti S, Xerra F, Spoto G, Butera A, Gitto E, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. Neurotrophins: Expression of Brain-Lung Axis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087089. [PMID: 37108250 PMCID: PMC10138985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are a group of soluble growth factors with analogous structures and functions, identified initially as critical mediators of neuronal survival during development. Recently, the relevance of NTs has been confirmed by emerging clinical data showing that impaired NTs levels and functions are involved in the onset of neurological and pulmonary diseases. The alteration in NTs expression at the central and peripheral nervous system has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders with an early onset and severe clinical manifestations, often named "synaptopathies" because of structural and functional synaptic plasticity abnormalities. NTs appear to be also involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of several airway diseases, neonatal lung diseases, allergic and inflammatory diseases, lung fibrosis, and even lung cancer. Moreover, they have also been detected in other peripheral tissues, including immune cells, epithelium, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelium. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of the NTs as important physiological and pathophysiological players in brain and lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Xerra
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology "Gaetano Barresi", AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Ambra Butera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Intensive Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, "Gaetano Barresi" University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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4
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Platelets, Not an Insignificant Player in Development of Allergic Asthma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082038. [PMID: 34440807 PMCID: PMC8391764 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous pulmonary disease in which platelets can be activated in an IgE-mediated pathway and migrate to the airways via CCR3-dependent mechanism. Activated platelets secrete IL-33, Dkk-1, and 5-HT or overexpress CD40L on the cell surfaces to induce Type 2 immune response or interact with TSLP-stimulated myeloid DCs through the RANK-RANKL-dependent manner to tune the sensitization stage of allergic asthma. Additionally, platelets can mediate leukocyte infiltration into the lungs through P-selectin-mediated interaction with PSGL-1 and upregulate integrin expression in activated leukocytes. Platelets release myl9/12 protein to recruit CD4+CD69+ T cells to the inflammatory sites. Bronchoactive mediators, enzymes, and ROS released by platelets also contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. GM-CSF from platelets inhibits the eosinophil apoptosis, thus enhancing the chronic inflammatory response and tissue damage. Functional alterations in the mitochondria of platelets in allergic asthmatic lungs further confirm the role of platelets in the inflammation response. Given the extensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma, antiplatelet drugs have been tested in some allergic asthma patients. Therefore, elucidating the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma will provide us with new insights and lead to novel approaches in the treatment of this disease.
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5
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Sensory modulation of airways immunity. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136042. [PMID: 34118306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The airways are constantly exposed to a multitude of inhaled particles and, as such, require a finely tuned discrimination between harmful or potentially threatening stimuli, and discrete responses to maintain homeostasis. Both the immune and nervous systems have the ability to sense environmental (and internal) signals, to integrate the obtained information and to initiate a protective reaction. Lung immunity and innervation are known to be individually involved in these processes, but it is becoming clear that they can also influence one another via a multitude of complex mechanisms. Here, we specifically describe how sensory innervation affects airways immunity with a focus on pathological conditions such as asthma or infections, describing cellular and molecular mechanisms, and highlighting potentially novel therapeutic targets.
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6
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Roos BB, Teske JJ, Bhallamudi S, Pabelick CM, Sathish V, Prakash YS. Neurotrophin Regulation and Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:109-121. [PMID: 34019266 PMCID: PMC11042712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional aspects of bronchial airways are key throughout life and play critical roles in diseases such as asthma. Asthma involves functional changes such as airway irritability and hyperreactivity, as well as structural changes such as enhanced cellular proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM), epithelium, and fibroblasts, and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis, all modulated by factors such as inflammation. There is now increasing recognition that disease maintenance following initial triggers involves a prominent role for resident nonimmune airway cells that secrete growth factors with pleiotropic autocrine and paracrine effects. The family of neurotrophins may be particularly relevant in this regard. Long recognized in the nervous system, classical neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nonclassical ligands such as glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are now known to be expressed and functional in non-neuronal systems including lung. However, the sources, targets, regulation, and downstream effects are still under investigation. In this chapter, we discuss current state of knowledge and future directions regarding BDNF and GDNF in airway physiology and on pathophysiological contributions in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacob J Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bhallamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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7
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Taylor-Clark TE. Molecular identity, anatomy, gene expression and function of neural crest vs. placode-derived nociceptors in the lower airways. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135505. [PMID: 33197519 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lower airways (larynx to alveoli) are protected by a complex array of neural networks that regulate respiration and airway function. Harmful stimuli trigger defensive responses such as apnea, cough and bronchospasm by activating a subpopulation of sensory afferent nerves (termed nociceptors) which are found throughout the airways. Airway nociceptive fibers are projected from the nodose vagal ganglia, the jugular vagal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia, which are derived from distinct embryological sources: the former from the epibranchial placodes, the latter two from the neural crest. Embryological source determines nociceptive gene expression of receptors and neurotransmitters and recent evidence suggests that placode- and neural crest-derived nociceptors have distinct stimuli sensitivity, innervation patterns and functions. Improved understanding of the function of each subset in specific reflexes has substantial implications for therapeutic targeting of the neuronal components of airway disease such as asthma, viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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8
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Jing S, Li X, Liu W, Li X. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits the Wound-Healing and Cell Proliferative Ability of Human Airway Epithelial Cells in Asthmatic Children. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923680. [PMID: 33068389 PMCID: PMC7577073 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic disease with high morbidity rates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proven to induce airway hyper-responsiveness, but the function of BDNF in the wound-healing process of asthmatic human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of BDNF in asthmatic children with injured HAECs. Material/Methods HAECs were obtained from healthy children and asthmatic children through bronchoscopy, and then cultured in air-liquid (ALI) interface with or without BDNF. A mechanical injury model was established for the wound-healing assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was performed to measure BDNF mRNA expressions, while western blot assay was used for the measurement of BDNF and CCND1 protein expressions. Cell proliferation of impaired HAECs was assayed in a 3H-thymidine incorporation experiment. Results The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF were overexpressed, and the wound-healing ability of HAECs decreased in asthma samples. Also, the cell proliferation of HAECs was suppressed in the asthmatic injury model and the injury-induced increase of CCND1 protein expressions was inhibited in asthma. Although mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF remained unchanging in healthy HAECs, there was an increase in impaired asthmatic HAECs. Upregulating BDNF led to a decrease in wound-healing ability of HAECs in both healthy children and children with asthma. Simultaneously, overexpressed BDNF reduced the CCND1 protein expressions in healthy HAECs, but had little impact on asthmatic HAECs. Conclusions Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibited wound-healing and cell proliferative ability of human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinghua Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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9
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Dragunas G, Woest ME, Nijboer S, Bos ST, van Asselt J, de Groot AP, Vohlídalová E, Vermeulen CJ, Ditz B, Vonk JM, Koppelman GH, van den Berge M, Ten Hacken NHT, Timens W, Munhoz CD, Prakash YS, Gosens R, Kistemaker LEM. Cholinergic neuroplasticity in asthma driven by TrkB signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:7703-7717. [PMID: 32277855 PMCID: PMC7302963 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000170r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parasympathetic neurons in the airways control bronchomotor tone. Increased activity of cholinergic neurons are mediators of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma, however, mechanisms are not elucidated. We describe remodeling of the cholinergic neuronal network in asthmatic airways driven by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). Human bronchial biopsies were stained for cholinergic marker vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Human lung gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in neuroplasticity‐related genes were compared between asthma and healthy patients. Wild‐type (WT) and mutated TrkB knock‐in mice (Ntrk2tm1Ddg/J) with impaired BDNF signaling were chronically exposed to ovalbumin (OVA). Neuronal VAChT staining and airway narrowing in response to electrical field stimulation in precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were assessed. Increased cholinergic fibers in asthmatic airway biopsies was found, paralleled by increased TrkB gene expression in human lung tissue, and SNPs in the NTRK2 [TrkB] and BDNF genes linked to asthma. Chronic allergen exposure in mice resulted in increased density of cholinergic nerves, which was prevented by inhibiting TrkB. Increased nerve density resulted in AHR in vivo and in increased nerve‐dependent airway reactivity in lung slices mediated via TrkB. These findings show cholinergic neuroplasticity in asthma driven by TrkB signaling and suggest that the BDNF‐TrkB pathway may be a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dragunas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manon E Woest
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Nijboer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janet van Asselt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne P de Groot
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corneel J Vermeulen
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Ditz
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina D Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Kistemaker LEM, Prakash YS. Airway Innervation and Plasticity in Asthma. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 34:283-298. [PMID: 31165683 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00050.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway nerves represent a mechanistically and therapeutically important aspect that requires better highlighting in the context of diseases such as asthma. Altered structure and function (plasticity) of afferent and efferent airway innervation can contribute to airway diseases. We describe established anatomy, current understanding of how plasticity occurs, and contributions of plasticity to asthma, focusing on target-derived growth factors (neurotrophins). Perspectives toward novel treatment strategies and future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Britt RD, Thompson MA, Wicher SA, Manlove LJ, Roesler A, Fang YH, Roos C, Smith L, Miller JD, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Smooth muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to airway hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic asthma. FASEB J 2019; 33:3024-3034. [PMID: 30351991 PMCID: PMC6338659 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an effect of neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on airway contractility [ via increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i] and remodeling (ASM proliferation and extracellular matrix formation) in the context of airway disease. In the present study, we examined the role of BDNF in allergen-induced airway inflammation using 2 transgenic models: 1) tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) conditional knockin (TrkBKI) mice allowing for inducible, reversible disruption of BDNF receptor kinase activity by administration of 1NMPP1, a PP1 derivative, and 2) smooth muscle-specific BDNF knockout (BDNFfl/fl/SMMHC11Cre/0) mice. Adult mice were intranasally challenged with PBS or mixed allergen ( Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, house dust mite, and ovalbumin) for 4 wk. Our data show that administration of 1NMPP1 in TrkBKI mice during the 4-wk allergen challenge blunted airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and reduced fibronectin mRNA expression in ASM layers but did not reduce inflammation per se. Smooth muscle-specific deletion of BDNF reduced AHR and blunted airway fibrosis but did not significantly alter airway inflammation. Together, our novel data indicate that TrkB signaling is a key modulator of AHR and that smooth muscle-derived BDNF mediates these effects during allergic airway inflammation.-Britt, R. D., Jr., Thompson, M. A., Wicher, S. A., Manlove, L. J., Roesler, A., Fang, Y.-H., Roos, C., Smith, L., Miller, J. D., Pabelick, C. M., Prakash, Y. S. Smooth muscle brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to airway hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Britt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A. Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Sarah A. Wicher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Logan J. Manlove
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Anne Roesler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Yun-Hua Fang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn Roos
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie Smith
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and
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12
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Shaffo FC, Grodzki AC, Fryer AD, Lein PJ. Mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide toxicity in the context of airway hyperreactivity and asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L485-L501. [PMID: 29952220 PMCID: PMC6230874 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00211.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have identified an association between occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and asthma or asthmatic symptoms in adults. Emerging epidemiologic data suggest that environmentally relevant levels of OPs may also be linked to respiratory dysfunction in the general population and that in utero and/or early life exposures to environmental OPs may increase risk for childhood asthma. In support of a causal link between OPs and asthma, experimental evidence demonstrates that occupationally and environmentally relevant OP exposures induce bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity in preclinical models. Mechanistic studies have identified blockade of autoinhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves that innervate airway smooth muscle as one mechanism by which OPs induce airway hyperreactivity, but significant questions remain regarding the mechanism(s) by which OPs cause neuronal M2 receptor dysfunction and, more generally, how OPs cause persistent asthma, especially after developmental exposures. The goals of this review are to 1) summarize current understanding of OPs in asthma; 2) discuss mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity that warrant consideration in the context of OP-induced airway hyperreactivity and asthma, specifically, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neural plasticity, and neurogenic inflammation; and 3) identify critical data gaps that need to be addressed in order to better protect adults and children against the harmful respiratory effects of low-level OP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Shaffo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Ana Cristina Grodzki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
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13
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Song L, Wang H, Wang YJ, Wang JL, Zhu Q, Wu F, Zhang W, Jiang B. Hippocampal PPARα is a novel therapeutic target for depression and mediates the antidepressant actions of fluoxetine in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2968-2987. [PMID: 29722018 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Developing novel pharmacological targets beyond the monoaminergic system is now a popular strategy for treating depression. PPARα is a nuclear receptor protein that functions as a transcription factor,-regulating gene expression. We have previously reported that both WY14643 and fenofibrate, two pharmacological agonists of PPARα, have antidepressant-like effects in mice, implying that PPARα is a potential antidepressant target. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We first used various biotechnological methods to evaluate the effects of chronic stress and fluoxetine on hippocampal PPARα. The viral-mediated genetic approach was then employed to explore whether hippocampal PPARα was an antidepressant target. PPARα inhibitors, PPARα-knockout (KO) mice and PPARα-knockdown (KD) mice were further used to determine the role of PPARα in the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. KEY RESULTS Chronic stress significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of PPARα in the hippocampus, but not other regions, and also fully reduced the recruitment of hippocampal PPARα to the cAMP response element-binding (CREB) promoter. Genetic overexpression of hippocampal PPARα induced significant antidepressant-like actions in mice by promoting CREB-mediated biosynthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, fluoxetine notably restored the stress-induced negative effects on hippocampal PPARα. Using PPARα antagonists fully blocked the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine in mice, and similarly, both PPARα-KO and PPARα-KD abolished the effects of fluoxetine. Besides, PPARα-KO and PPARα-KD aggravated depression in mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hippocampal PPARα is a potential novel antidepressant target that mediates the antidepressant actions of fluoxetine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Szilasi ME, Pak K, Kardos L, Varga VE, Seres I, Mikaczo A, Fodor A, Szilasi M, Tajti G, Papp C, Gesztelyi R, Zsuga J. The Alteration of Irisin-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Axis Parallels Severity of Distress Disorder in Bronchial Asthma Patients. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:653. [PMID: 29217995 PMCID: PMC5703837 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Distress disorder (a collective term for generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder) is a well-known co-morbidity of bronchial asthma. The irisin-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis is a pathway that influences several neurobehavioral mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of distress disorder. Thus, the aim of the present study was to quantify the serum irisin and BDNF concentrations in order to investigate the possible link between the irisin/BDNF axis and distress disorder in an asthma patient cohort. Data of 167 therapy-controlled asthma patients were analyzed. Demographic, anthropometric, and anamnestic data were collected, routine laboratory parameters supplemented with serum irisin and BDNF levels were determined, pulmonary function test was performed using whole-body plethysmography, and quality of life was quantified by means of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Correlation analysis as well as simple and multiple linear regression were used to assess the relationship between the irisin level and the Impacts score of SGRQ, which latter is indicative of the presence and severity of distress disorder. We have found a significant, positive linear relationship between the Impacts score and the reciprocal of irisin level. This association was stronger in patients whose BDNF level was higher, and it was weaker (and statistically non-significant) in patients whose BDNF level was lower. Our results indicate that higher serum irisin level together with higher serum BDNF level are associated with milder (or no) distress disorder. This finding suggests that alteration of the irisin/BDNF axis influences the presence and severity of distress disorder in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna E Szilasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Pak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kardos
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Kenezy Gyula Teaching County Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria E Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angela Mikaczo
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Fodor
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Szilasi
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Tajti
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Department of Health Systems Management and Quality Management for Health Care, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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15
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Freeman MR, Sathish V, Manlove L, Wang S, Britt RD, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and airway fibrosis in asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L360-L370. [PMID: 28522569 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00580.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling in asthma driven by inflammation involves proliferation of epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle (ASM), as well as enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) generation and deposition, i.e., fibrosis. Accordingly, understanding profibrotic mechanisms is important for developing novel therapeutic strategies in asthma. Recent studies, including our own, have suggested a role for locally produced growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mediating and modulating inflammation effects. In this study, we explored the profibrotic influence of BDNF in the context of asthma by examining expression, activity, and deposition of ECM proteins in primary ASM cells isolated from asthmatic vs. nonasthmatic patients. Basal BDNF expression and secretion, and levels of the high-affinity BDNF receptor TrkB, were higher in asthmatic ASM. Exogenous BDNF significantly increased ECM production and deposition, especially of collagen-1 and collagen-3 (less so fibronectin) and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9). Exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα significantly increased BDNF secretion, particularly in asthmatic ASM, whereas no significant changes were observed with IL-13. Chelation of BDNF using TrkB-Fc reversed TNFα-induced increase in ECM deposition. Conditioned media from asthmatic ASM enhanced ECM generation in nonasthmatic ASM, which was blunted by BDNF chelation. Inflammation-induced changes in MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) were reversed in the presence of TrkB-Fc. These novel data suggest ASM as an inflammation-sensitive source of BDNF within human airways, with autocrine effects on fibrosis relevant to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Freeman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Logan Manlove
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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16
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You Z, Yao Q, Shen J, Gu Z, Xu H, Wu Z, Chen C, Li L. Antidepressant-like effects of ginsenoside Rg3 in mice via activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling cascade. J Nat Med 2016; 71:367-379. [PMID: 28013484 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one component of ginsenosides, with a similar chemical structure to ginsenoside Rg1. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of Rg3 in mouse models of depression. The antidepressant actions of Rg3 were first examined in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), and then assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression. The changes in the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway after CSDS and Rg3 treatment were investigated. A tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor and a BDNF signaling inhibitor were also used to determine the pharmacological mechanisms of Rg3. It was found that Rg3 produced antidepressant effects in the FST and TST without affecting locomotor activity. Rg3 also prevented the CSDS-induced depressive-like symptoms. Moreover, Rg3 fully restored the CSDS-induced decrease in the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway, and use of the BDNF signaling inhibitor blocked the antidepressant effects of Rg3. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg3 has antidepressant effects via promotion of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen You
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nantong University, No. 210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjun Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nantong University, No. 210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luozhu Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Nantong University, No. 210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Jiang B, Wang YJ, Wang H, Song L, Huang C, Zhu Q, Wu F, Zhang W. Antidepressant-like effects of fenofibrate in mice via the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:177-194. [PMID: 27861729 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder accompanied by a decrease in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling cascade in the hippocampus. Fenofibrate is a selective agonist of PPAR-α. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effects of fenofibrate in C57BL/6J mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antidepressant-like effects of fenofibrate were first identified in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), and then assessed in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. The changes in the hippocampal BDNF signalling pathway and adult hippocampal neurogenesis after CSDS and fenofibrate treatment were further investigated. A PPAR-α inhibitor, cannabinoid system inhibitors and BDNF signalling inhibitors were also used to determine the antidepressant mechanisms of fenofibrate. KEY RESULTS Fenofibrate administration exhibited antidepressant-like effects in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Chronic fenofibrate treatment also prevented the depressive-like symptoms induced by CSDS. Moreover, fenofibrate restored the CSDS-induced decrease in the hippocampal BDNF signalling cascade and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The antidepressant-like effects of fenofibrate could be blocked by a PPAR-α inhibitor and BDNF signalling inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggest that fenofibrate has antidepressant-like effects mediated through the promotion of the hippocampal BDNF signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Tsukinoki K, Saruta J, Muto N, Sasaguri K, Sato S, Tan-Ishii N, Watanabe Y. Submandibular Glands Contribute to Increases in Plasma BDNF Levels. J Dent Res 2016; 86:260-4. [PMID: 17314259 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes survival and differentiation of neural cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. BDNF has been detected in plasma, but its source has not yet been established. Expression of BDNF mRNA has been identified in the submandibular glands when male rats are exposed to acute immobilization stress. In the present study, we investigated whether plasma BDNF is influenced by the submandibular glands in this model. Acute immobilization stress for 60 min significantly increased the level of plasma BDNF. However, plasma BDNF elevation was markedly suppressed in bilaterally sialoadenectomized rats. There were no significant differences between stressed (60 min) and non-stressed rats with respect to the BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, or spleen, as determined by real-time polymerase chain-reaction. These findings suggest that the submandibular glands may be the primary source of plasma BDNF in conditions of acute immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsukinoki
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Division of Pathology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
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19
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Manti S, Brown P, Perez MK, Piedimonte G. The Role of Neurotrophins in Inflammation and Allergy. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:313-341. [PMID: 28215300 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic inflammation is the result of a specific pattern of cellular and humoral responses leading to the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, which, in turn, results in physiological and structural changes affecting target tissues such as the airways and the skin. Eosinophil activation and the production of soluble mediators such as IgE antibodies are pivotal features in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. In the past few years, however, convincing evidence has shown that neurons and other neurosensory structures are not only a target of the inflammatory process but also participate in the regulation of immune responses by actively releasing soluble mediators. The main products of these activated sensory neurons are a family of protein growth factors called neurotrophins. They were first isolated in the central nervous system and identified as important factors for the survival and differentiation of neurons during fetal and postnatal development as well as neuronal maintenance later in life. Four members of this family have been identified and well defined: nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, and neurotrophin 4/5. Neurotrophins play a critical role in the bidirectional signaling mechanisms between immune cells and the neurosensory network structures in the airways and the skin. Pruritus and airway hyperresponsiveness, two major features of atopic dermatitis and asthma, respectively, are associated with the disruption of the neurosensory network activities. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive description of the neuroimmune interactions underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manti
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - P Brown
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M K Perez
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - G Piedimonte
- Center for Pediatric Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Pediatric Institute and Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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20
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Watanabe T, Fajt ML, Trudeau JB, Voraphani N, Hu H, Zhou X, Holguin F, Wenzel SE. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Asthma. Association with Severity and Type 2 Inflammatory Processes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:844-52. [PMID: 25945802 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0015oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, exists in several isoforms, which differentially impacts neuronal and immune cell survival and differentiation. The role of BDNF and its isoforms in asthma remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to compare the BDNF protein isoforms and specific splice variant expression in sputum and bronchoscopic samples from healthy control subjects and participants with asthma, and to relate these changes to findings in IL-13-stimulated human airway epithelial cells. Sputum and bronchoscopic samples from healthy control subjects and participants with asthma were evaluated for BDNF protein (ELISA and Western blot) and BDNF mRNA (gel and quantitative real-time PCR) in relation to asthma severity and type 2 inflammatory processes. BDNF mRNA was measured in cultured primary human airway epithelial cells after IL-13 stimulation. Total BDNF protein differed among the groups, and its mature isoform was significantly higher in sputum from subjects with severe asthma compared with healthy control subjects (overall P = 0.008, P = 0.027, respectively). Total BDNF was higher in those with elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophilia. In vitro, IL-13 increased BDNF exon VIb splice variant and the ratio to BDNF common exon IX mRNA (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). Epithelial brushing exon VIb mRNA and total BDNF protein differed among the groups and were higher in subjects with severe asthma than in healthy control subjects (overall P = 0.01, P = 0.02, respectively). The mature BDNF isoform and the exon VIb splice variant are increased in human asthmatic airways. The in vitro increase in response to IL-13 suggests that type 2 cytokines regulate BDNF levels and activity in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Watanabe
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Merritt L Fajt
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John B Trudeau
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nipasiri Voraphani
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Haizhen Hu
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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21
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Wang SY, Freeman MR, Sathish V, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Sex Steroids Influence Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Secretion From Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1586-92. [PMID: 26566264 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is emerging as an important player in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperreactivity. Separately, there is increasing evidence that sex hormones contribute to pathophysiology in the lung. BDNF and sex steroid signaling are thought to be intricately linked in the brain. There is currently little information on BDNF and sex steroid interactions in the airway but is relevant to understanding growth factor signaling in the context of asthma in men versus women. In this study, we assessed the effect of sex steroids on BDNF expression and secretion in human airway smooth muscle (ASM). Human ASM was treated with estrogen (E2 ) or testosterone (T, 10 nM each) and intracellular BDNF and secreted BDNF measured. E2 and T significantly reduced secretion of BDNF; effects prevented by estrogen and androgen receptor inhibitor, ICI 182,780 (1 μM), and flutamide (10 μM), respectively. Interestingly, no significant changes were observed in intracellular BDNF mRNA or protein expression. High affinity BDNF receptor, TrkB, was not altered by E2 or T. E2 (but not T) significantly increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Notably, Epac1 and Epac2 expression were significantly reduced by E2 and T. Furthermore, SNARE complex protein SNAP25 was decreased. Overall, these novel data suggest that physiologically relevant concentrations of E2 or T inhibit BDNF secretion in human ASM, suggesting a potential interaction of sex steroids with BDNF in the airway that is different from brain. The relevance of sex steroid-BDNF interactions may lie in their overall contribution to airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Jesenak M, Babusikova E, Evinova A, Banovcin P, Dobrota D. Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene in children with bronchial asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:631-7. [PMID: 24863266 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. There is increasing evidence that neurotrophins play an important role in the development and maintenance of neurogenic airway inflammation in chronic allergic diseases. WORKING HYPOTHESIS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and has several important functions in the airways. There are only a few reports on the association between genetic variations in the BDNF gene and various allergic diseases, and the results are generally conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to study the functional polymorphism Val66Met (also called rs6265 or G196A) in the BDNF gene in a group of asthmatic children and healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN, PATIENT-SELECTION, AND METHODOLOGY We studied 248 asthmatic patients (aged 12.28 ± 0.24 years) and 249 healthy children (aged 13.14 ± 0.48 years). Analysis of the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were digested by PmlI. RESULTS The prevalence of the Val66Met polymorphisms (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met) was 61.7%, 33.5%, and 4.8% in asthmatics, respectively, and 47.0%, 51.8%, and 1.2% in healthy subjects, respectively. We observed a significant association of the Met/Met variant genotype with asthmatics (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.16-14.96, P = 0.018). The Val/Met genotype was protective against bronchial asthma (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.99, P = 0.045), especially in girls (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.20-0.59, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Specific BDNF gene polymorphism may contribute to bronchial asthma susceptibility. Our study suggested the positive association between selected functional BDNF polymorphism (rs6265) and asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Babusikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Evinova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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WY14643 produces anti-depressant-like effects in mice via the BDNF signaling pathway. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1629-42. [PMID: 25388293 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current anti-depressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration and always produce side effects. OBJECTIVES WY14643 is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α with neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects. Here, we investigated the anti-depressant effects of WY14643 in mice models of depression. METHODS We assessed the anti-depressant effects of WY14643 in the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry studies were further performed to detect the effects of WY14643 on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. The anti-BDNF antibody, BDNF signaling inhibitor, and tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor were also used to explore the anti-depressant mechanisms of WY14643. RESULTS WY14643 exhibited robust anti-depressant effects in the FST and TST and also protected against the CSDS stress in mice models. Moreover, WY14643 reversed the stress-induced elevation of corticosterone, deficiency of BDNF signaling pathway, and hippocampal neurogenesis. Blockade of BDNF signaling cascade, not the monoaminergic system, abolished all the anti-depressant effects of WY14643. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first evidence that WY14643 exerts anti-depressant-like activity through promoting the BDNF signaling pathway.
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Jin P, Andiappan AK, Quek JM, Lee B, Au B, Sio YY, Irwanto A, Schurmann C, Grabe HJ, Suri BK, Matta SA, Westra HJ, Franke L, Esko T, Sun L, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang F, Larbi A, Xu X, Poidinger M, Liu J, Chew FT, Rotzschke O, Shi L, Wang DY. A functional brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variant increases the risk of moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1486-93.e8. [PMID: 25649076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory protein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic asthma, and eczema, but it is currently unknown whether BDNF polymorphisms influence susceptibility to moderate-to-severe AR. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify disease associations and the functional effect of BDNF genetic variants in patients with moderate-to-severe AR. METHODS Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the BDNF gene were selected from the human HapMap Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB) data set, and associations with moderate-to-severe AR were assessed in 2 independent cohorts of Chinese patients (2216 from Shandong province and 1239 living in Singapore). The functional effects of the BDNF genetic variants were determined by using both in vitro and ex vivo assays. RESULTS The tagging SNP rs10767664 was significantly associated with the risk of moderate-to-severe AR in both Singapore Chinese (P = .0017; odds ratio, 1.324) and Shandong Chinese populations (P = .039; odds ratio, 1.180). The coding nonsynonymous SNP rs6265 was in perfect linkage with rs10767664 and conferred increased BDNF protein secretion by a human cell line in vitro. Subjects bearing the AA genotype of rs10767664 exhibited increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR and displayed increased BDNF protein and total IgE levels in plasma. Using a large-scale expression quantitative trait locus study, we demonstrated that BDNF SNPs are significantly associated with altered BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION A common genetic variant of the BDNF gene is associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR, and the AA genotype is associated with increased BDNF mRNA levels in peripheral blood. Together, these data indicate that functional BDNF gene variants increase the risk of moderate-to-severe AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Quek
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bijin Au
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Astrid Irwanto
- the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bani Kaur Suri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sri Anusha Matta
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Lab of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Skin Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Lab of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Skin Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, China
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xin Xu
- Qingdao Caretaker Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology of the Ministry of Health, Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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Saruta J, To M, Hayashi T, Kawashima R, Shimizu T, Kamata Y, Kato M, Takeuchi M, Tsukinoki K. Relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stress in saliva and salivary glands. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Prakash YS, Martin RJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the airways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:74-86. [PMID: 24560686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their well-known roles in the nervous system, there is increasing recognition that neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as their receptors are expressed in peripheral tissues including the lung, and can thus potentially contribute to both normal physiology and pathophysiology of several diseases. The relevance of this family of growth factors lies in emerging clinical data indicating altered neurotrophin levels and function in a range of diseases including neonatal and adult asthma, sinusitis, influenza, and lung cancer. The current review focuses on 1) the importance of BDNF expression and signaling mechanisms in early airway and lung development, critical to both normal neonatal lung function and also its disruption in prematurity and insults such as inflammation and infection; 2) how BDNF, potentially derived from airway nerves modulate neurogenic control of airway tone, a key aspect of airway reflexes as well as dysfunctional responses to allergic inflammation; 3) the emerging idea that local BDNF production by resident airway cells such as epithelium and airway smooth muscle can contribute to normal airway structure and function, and to airway hyperreactivity and remodeling in diseases such as asthma. Furthermore, given its pleiotropic effects in the airway, BDNF may be a novel and appealing therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Vohra PK, Thompson MA, Sathish V, Kiel A, Jerde C, Pabelick CM, Singh BB, Prakash YS. TRPC3 regulates release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from human airway smooth muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2953-2960. [PMID: 23899746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances Ca(2+) signaling and cell proliferation in human airway smooth muscle (ASM), especially with inflammation. Human ASM also expresses BDNF, raising the potential for autocrine/paracrine effects. The mechanisms by which ASM BDNF secretion occurs are not known. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) regulate a variety of intracellular processes including store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE; including in ASM) and secretion of factors such as cytokines. In human ASM, we tested the hypothesis that TRPC3 regulates BDNF secretion. At baseline, intracellular BDNF was present, and BDNF secretion was detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of cell supernatants or by real-time fluorescence imaging of cells transfected with GFP-BDNF vector. Exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) (20ng/ml, 48h) or a mixture of allergens (ovalbumin, house dust mite, Alternaria, and Aspergillus extracts) significantly enhanced BDNF secretion and increased TRPC3 expression. TRPC3 knockdown (siRNA or inhibitor Pyr3; 10μM) blunted BDNF secretion, and prevented inflammation effects. Chelation of extracellular Ca(2+) (EGTA; 1mM) or intracellular Ca(2+) (BAPTA; 5μM) significantly reduced secreted BDNF, as did the knockdown of SOCE proteins STIM1 and Orai1 or plasma membrane caveolin-1. Functionally, secreted BDNF had autocrine effects suggested by phosphorylation of high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase TrkB receptor, prevented by chelating extracellular BDNF with chimeric TrkB-Fc. These data emphasize the role of TRPC3 and Ca(2+) influx in the regulation of BDNF secretion by human ASM and the enhancing effects of inflammation. Given the BDNF effects on Ca(2+) and cell proliferation, BDNF secretion may contribute to altered airway structure and function in diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Vohra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander Kiel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Calvin Jerde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, 264 Centennial Dr, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Yinli C, Jie H, Li Z, Jun G, Peiling L, Weihong Y. Association between brain-derived neurothropic factor variants and asthma in Chinese Han children. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:e247-50. [PMID: 23461616 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the markers contributing to genetic susceptibility to asthma in Chinese Han children. METHODS This study examined the potential association between childhood asthma and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) - SNPs, rs16917204, rs6265, rs7103873, rs16917237, rs56164415, rs13306221 and rs10767664 - using the MassARRAY system. The participants, recruited between May 2009 and July 2012, were 319 children with asthma (mean age 9.82 ± 1.57 years) recruited from a hospital paediatric department and 309 healthy controls (mean age 10.25 ± 1.36 years), recruited from the medical examination centre at the same hospital. RESULTS We observed a significant association for rs6265 (χ(2) = 9.851, p = 0.002, OR = 1.427, 95% CI = 1.143-1.783), located in exon 4 of the BDNF. Another potential association was observed for rs13306221 (χ(2) = 4.316, p = 0.038, OR = 1.604, 95% CI = 1.024-2.512) in the promoter region of the BDNF. Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in block 1 (D' > 0.9). Significantly more G-G-G haplotypes in block 1 were found in children with asthma. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to a role for BDNF polymorphisms in Chinese Han children with asthma and may inform future genetic or biological studies on childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yinli
- Department of Neonatology; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Hao Jie
- Department of Paediatric Medicine; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Paediatric Medicine; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Gao Jun
- Department of Neonatology; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Li Peiling
- Department of Paediatric Medicine; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Yang Weihong
- Department of Neonatology; the First Hospital Affiliated to the Xinxiang Medical College; Xinxiang Henan China
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Sathish V, Vanoosten SK, Miller BS, Aravamudan B, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Vassallo R, Prakash YS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cigarette smoke-induced airway hyperreactivity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:431-8. [PMID: 23258230 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0129oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility contributes to increased resistance to airflow in diseases such as bronchitis and asthma that occur in passive smokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Little information exists on the cellular mechanisms underlying such airway hyperreactivity. Sputum samples of patients with chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, and asthma show increased concentrations of growth factors called neurotrophins, including brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), but their physiological significance remains unknown. In human ASM, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF contributes to increased contractility with cigarette smoke exposure. The exposure of ASM to 1% or 2% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 hours increased intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) responses to histamine, and further potentiated the enhancing effects of a range of BDNF concentrations on such histamine responses. CSE exposure increased the expression of the both high-affinity and low-affinity neurotrophin receptors tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk)-B and p75 pan-neurotrophin receptor, respectively. Quantitative ELISA showed that CSE increased BDNF secretion by human ASM cells. BDNF small interfering (si)RNA and/or the chelation of extracellular BDNF, using TrkB-fragment crystallizable, blunted the effects of CSE on [Ca(2+)](i) responses as well as the CSE enhancement of cell proliferation, whereas TrkB siRNA blunted the effects of CSE on ASM contractility. These data suggest that cigarette smoke is a potent inducer of BDNF and TrkB expression and signaling in ASM, which then contribute to cigarette smoke-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Stoll P, Wuertemberger U, Bratke K, Zingler C, Virchow JC, Lommatzsch M. Stage-dependent association of BDNF and TGF-β1 with lung function in stable COPD. Respir Res 2012; 13:116. [PMID: 23245944 PMCID: PMC3561140 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterised by complex inflammatory, neuronal and fibrotic changes. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of neuronal plasticity, whereas Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in tissue repair and emphysema pathogenesis. Both mediators are stored in platelets and released from platelets in inflammatory conditions and during serum preparation. In patients with asthma, it was previously shown that elevated serum BDNF concentrations correlate with disease severity, whereas TGF-β1 concentrations were normal. Methods In the present study, 63 patients with stable COPD (spirometric GOLD stages 2–4) and 17 age- and comorbidity-matched controls were studied. Lung function, smoking history, medication, platelet concentrations in peripheral blood and serum concentrations of BDNF, TGF-β1 and Serotonin (5-HT) were assessed in all participants. Results Serum levels of both BDNF and TGF-β1 (but not concentrations of platelets in peripheral blood) were significantly elevated in all stages of COPD as compared to controls. Highest BDNF concentrations were found in spirometric GOLD stage 3, whereas highest TGF-β1 serum levels were found in spirometric GOLD stage 4. There were specific, stage-dependent correlations of these mediators with lung function parameters of the patients. Conclusions Taken together, we show that, in contrast to asthma, COPD is characterised by elevated concentrations of both BDNF and TGF-β1 in serum. The stage-dependent association with lung function supports the hypothesis that these platelet mediators may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stoll
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Ernst Heydemann Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Aravamudan B, Thompson M, Pabelick C, Prakash YS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:812-23. [PMID: 21651720 PMCID: PMC3175295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway diseases such as asthma involve increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility and remodelling via enhanced proliferation. Neurotrophins (NTs) such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), well-known in the nervous system, can regulate Ca2+ signalling, and interact with cytokines in contributing to airway hyperreactivity. In this study, we determined whether and how BDNF regulates human ASM cell proliferation in the presence of inflammation, thus testing its potential role in airway remodelling. Cells were treated with 10 nM BDNF, 25 ng/ml tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) or interleukin-13 (IL-13), or 10 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Proliferation was measured using CyQuant dye, with immunoblotting of cell cycle proteins predicted to change with proliferation. Forty-eight hours of BDNF enhanced ASM proliferation to ∼50% of that by PDGF or cytokines. Transfection with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor abolished BDNF effects on proliferation, whereas low-affinity 75 kD neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) siRNA had no effect. Systematic pharmacologic inhibition of different components of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt1 pathways blunted BDNF or TNF-α–induced proliferation. BDNF also induced IκB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 NF-κB subunits, with electron mobility shift assay confirmation of NF-κB binding to consensus DNA sequence. These results demonstrate that NTs such as BDNF can enhance human ASM cell proliferation by activating proliferation-specific signalling pathways and a versatile transcription factor such as NF-κB, which are common to cytokines and growth factors involved in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Aravamudan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Zhu M, Williams AS, Chen L, Wurmbrand AP, Williams ES, Shore SA. Role of TNFR1 in the innate airway hyperresponsiveness of obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1476-85. [PMID: 22984249 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the airway hyperresponsiveness characteristic of obese mice. Airway responsiveness to intravenous methacholine was measured using the forced oscillation technique in obese Cpe(fat) mice that were either sufficient or genetically deficient in TNFR1 (Cpe(fat) and Cpe(fat)/TNFR1(-/-) mice) and in lean mice that were either sufficient or genetically deficient in TNFR1 [wild-type (WT) and TNFR1(-/-) mice]. Compared with lean WT mice, Cpe(fat) mice exhibited airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway hyperresponsives was also greater in Cpe(fat)/TNFR1(-/-) than in Cpe(fat) mice. Compared with WT mice, Cpe(fat) mice had increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid concentrations of several inflammatory moieties including eotaxin, IL-9, IP-10, KC, MIG, and VEGF. These factors were also significantly elevated in Cpe(fat)/TNFR1(-/-) vs. TNFR1(-/-) mice. Additional moieties including IL-13 were also elevated in Cpe(fat)/TNFR1(-/-) vs. TNFR1(-/-) mice but not in Cpe(fat) vs. WT mice. IL-17A mRNA expression was greater in Cpe(fat)/TNFR1(-/-) vs. Cpe(fat) mice and in TNFR1(-/-) vs. WT mice. Analysis of serum indicated that obesity resulted in systemic as well as pulmonary inflammation, but TNFR1 deficiency had little effect on this systemic inflammation. Our results indicate that TNFR1 is protective against the airway hyperresponsiveness associated with obesity and suggest that effects on pulmonary inflammation may be contributing to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abcejo AJ, Sathish V, Smelter DF, Aravamudan B, Thompson MA, Hartman WR, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances calcium regulatory mechanisms in human airway smooth muscle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44343. [PMID: 22952960 PMCID: PMC3430656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs), which play an integral role in neuronal development and function, have been found in non-neuronal tissue (including lung), but their role is still under investigation. Recent reports show that NTs such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as NT receptors are expressed in human airway smooth muscle (ASM). However, their function is still under investigation. We hypothesized that NTs regulate ASM intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) by altered expression of Ca2+ regulatory proteins. Human ASM cells isolated from lung samples incidental to patient surgery were incubated for 24 h (overnight) in medium (control) or 1 nM BDNF in the presence vs. absence of inhibitors of signaling cascades (MAP kinases; PI3/Akt; NFκB). Measurement of [Ca2+]i responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and histamine using the Ca2+ indicator fluo-4 showed significantly greater responses following BDNF exposure: effects that were blunted by pathway inhibitors. Western analysis of whole cell lysates showed significantly higher expression of CD38, Orai1, STIM1, IP3 and RyR receptors, and SERCA following BDNF exposure, effects inhibited by inhibitors of the above cascades. The functional significance of BDNF effects were verified by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of proteins that were altered by this NT. Overall, these data demonstrate that NTs activate signaling pathways in human ASM that lead to enhanced [Ca2+]i responses via increased regulatory protein expression, thus enhancing airway contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amard J. Abcejo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dan F. Smelter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bharathi Aravamudan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William R. Hartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Obesity and airway responsiveness: role of TNFR2. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:444-54. [PMID: 22584291 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obese mice exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a feature of asthma. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is implicated in the disease progression and chronic inflammatory status of both obesity and asthma. TNF acts via two TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. To examine the role of TNFR2 in the AHR observed in obese mice, we generated obese Cpe(fat) mice that were either sufficient or deficient in TNFR2 (Cpe(fat) and Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice, respectively) and compared them with their lean controls (WT and TNFR2(-/-) mice). Compared to WT mice, Cpe(fat) mice exhibited AHR to aerosolized methacholine (measured using the forced oscillation technique) which was ablated in Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice. Bioplex or ELISA assay indicated significant increases in serum leptin, G-CSF, IL-7, IL-17A, TNFα, and KC in obese versus lean mice, as well as significant obesity-related increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) G-CSF and IP-10, regardless of TNFR2 status. Importantly, BALF IL-17A was significantly increased over lean controls in Cpe(fat) but not Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice. Functional annotation clustering of significantly affected genes identified from microarray analysis comparing gene expression in lungs of Cpe(fat) and WT mice, identified blood vessel morphogenesis as the gene ontology category most affected by obesity. This category included several genes associated with AHR, including endothelin and trkB. Obesity increased pulmonary mRNA expression of endothelin and trkB in TNFR2 sufficient but not deficient mice. Our results indicate that TNFR2 signaling is required for the innate AHR that develops in obese mice, and suggest that TNFR2 may act by promoting IL-17A, endothelin, and/or trkB expression.
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Lieu TM, Myers AC, Meeker S, Undem BJ. TRPV1 induction in airway vagal low-threshold mechanosensory neurons by allergen challenge and neurotrophic factors. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L941-8. [PMID: 22345578 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00366.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We addressed the hypothesis that allergic inflammation in guinea pig airways leads to a phenotypic switch in vagal tracheal cough-causing, low-threshold mechanosensitive Aδ neurons, such that they begin expressing functional transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) channels. Guinea pigs were actively sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and beginning 21 days later exposed via aerosol to OVA daily for 3 days. Tracheal-specific neurons were identified in the nodose ganglion using retrograde tracing techniques. Tracheal specific neurons were isolated, and mRNA expression was evaluated at the single-neuron level using RT-PCR analysis. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that the vast majority of vagal nodose afferent nerves innervating the trachea are capsaicin-insensitive Aδ-fibers. Consistent with this, we found <20% of these neurons express TRPV1 mRNA or respond to capsaicin in a calcium assay. Allergen exposure induced de novo TRPV1 mRNA in a majority of the tracheal-specific nodose neurons (P < 0.05). The allergen-induced TRPV1 induction was mimicked by applying either brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to the tracheal lumen. The BDNF-induced phenotypic change observed at the level of mRNA expression was mimicked using a calcium assay to assess functional TRPV1 ion channels. Finally, OVA exposure induced BDNF and GDNF production in the tracheal epithelium, the immediate vicinity of the nodose Aδ -fibers terminations. The induction of TRPV1 in nodose tracheal Aδ -fibers would substantively expand the nature of stimuli capable of activating these cough-causing nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Marie Lieu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Takeda M, Miyake M, Muto T, Kamijima M, Sakamoto T. Proliferation of sensory C-fibers and subsequent neurogenic inflammation in rat airway induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:954-62. [PMID: 21570423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with the development and exacerbation of airway inflammation. Increases in innervation of sensory C-fibers and tachykinin receptors, which mainly involve overproduction of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF), may enhance neurogenic inflammation. Expression of NGF and its receptors in rat lungs is known to decline with age. We examined whether inhaled LPS causes proliferation of sensory C-fibers, increased expression of tachykinin receptors and subsequent enhancement of neurogenic inflammation in the airways of preweaning rats. Wistar male rats aged 2 weeks inhaled aerosolized LPS derived from Escherichia coli (0.1mg/ml) for 30 min. Evans blue dye leakage into the trachea induced by gaseous formaldehyde or intravenous capsaicin was measured as an index of tachykinin NK1 receptor-mediated vascular permeability. Expression of substance P-immunoreactive nerves, tachykinin NK1 receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and NGF in the trachea was also assessed immunohistochemically. Neurogenic plasma leakage in the trachea increased significantly between 7 and 21 days after LPS inhalation. Expression of TNF-α, NGF, substance P-immunoreactive nerves and tachykinin NK1 receptors was enhanced, peaking at 28 h, 7 days, 14 days and 14 days after LPS inhalation, respectively. Pretreatment with infliximab, a blocking antibody for TNF-α, almost completely abolished the airway changes seen after LPS inhalation. In conclusion, inhaled LPS increased innervation of sensory C-fibers and expression of tachykinin NK1 receptors in the airway, probably resulting in enhancement of neurogenic airway inflammation. These airway responses may be caused by overproduction of neurotrophins including NGF, mainly through a TNF-α-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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The Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Respiratory Symptoms and Pathophysiology. TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS 2011; 704:969-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0265-3_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Müller GC, Pitrez PM, Teixeira AL, Pires PS, Jones MH, Stein RT, Bauer ME. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are associated with clinical severity in school age children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1755-9. [PMID: 20874832 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways with significant changes in leucocyte trafficking, cellular activation and tissue remodelling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been involved with asthma and allergic diseases but its role as a severity marker in paediatric asthma has not been clinically assessed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate plasma BDNF and inflammatory markers in order to address their relationships with disease severity in children (6-15 years) with controlled persistent asthma. METHODS Children with persistent asthma were selected and lung function and skin prick tests were performed in all patients. Plasma BDNF levels and various inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL11, CCL22, CCL24, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, soluble TNF receptors) were assessed by ELISAs. RESULTS Subjects with moderate and severe asthma had higher BDNF levels than mild asthma and controls (P<0.001). The chemokines studied and soluble TNF receptors did not differ between the studied groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results indicate BDNF as a potential biomarker for clinical severity in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Müller
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Prakash Y, Thompson MA, Meuchel L, Pabelick CM, Mantilla CB, Zaidi S, Martin RJ. Neurotrophins in lung health and disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2010; 4:395-411. [PMID: 20524922 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are a family of growth factors that are well-known in the nervous system. There is increasing recognition that NTs (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NT3) and their receptors (high-affinity TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, and low-affinity p75NTR) are expressed in lung components including the nasal and bronchial epithelium, smooth muscle, nerves and immune cells. NT signaling may be important in normal lung development, developmental lung disease, allergy and inflammation (e.g., rhinitis, asthma), lung fibrosis and even lung cancer. In this review, we describe the current status of our understanding of NT signaling in the lung, with hopes of using aspects of the NT signaling pathway in the diagnosis and therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ys Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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40
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Coffey CS, Mulligan RM, Schlosser RJ. Mucosal expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2010; 23:571-4. [PMID: 19958603 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized in part by hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli, a phenomenon that reflects the fundamental role of nasal neural pathways in chronic airway inflammation. Neurotrophins may serve pivotal roles in mediating hyperresponsiveness in allergic airway disease, although the role of such neurogenic mediators in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not well understood. This study was designed to examine the expression of two potent neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in CRS. METHODS Inferior turbinate and sinus mucosa were obtained from CRS patients with and without nasal polyps (NPs) and from nonallergic controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for quantitative determination of tissue concentrations of NGF and BDNF. RESULTS Ninety-four tissue samples from 48 patients were included. Mean concentration of NGF in sinus mucosa was significantly higher in CRS than controls. CRS without NPs was associated with a 60% increase in sinus NGF over controls (p < 0.05), and CRS with NPs was associated with a 140% increase (p < 0.05). Mean sinus NGF concentration was significantly elevated in allergic subjects compared with controls (p < 0.01). A similar trend was noted in subjects with nonallergic CRS, although this did not reach significance. Mean BDNF concentration was decreased in CRS compared with controls, with the most significant decrease in patients with polyps (p < 0.05). Mean turbinate concentration of both NGF and BDNF were similar in controls and CRS. CONCLUSION Increased expression of NGF may contribute to neural hyperresponsiveness in CRS sinus mucosa, particularly those patients with NP and/or allergies. BDNF expression is decreased in CRS sinus mucosa. Alterations in neurogenic inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of CRS and provide alternative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Coffey
- The Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Saruta J, Kondo Y, Sato C, Shiiki N, Tsukinoki K, Sato S. Salivary glands as the source of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stressed rats engaged in biting behavior. Stress 2010; 13:238-47. [PMID: 20392195 DOI: 10.3109/10253890903296728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for the survival and differentiation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recently, BDNF has been reported to exert broader biological activity on non-neural cells. A previous study examined the effect of immobilization stress on BDNF and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B in male rat submandibular glands. In the present study, we found that the rat submandibular gland is the major source of plasma BDNF during acute immobilization stress. Biting modulates the mRNA and protein levels of BDNF in the rat hippocampus, so we also investigated whether the plasma BDNF concentration is influenced by biting. Two hours of acute immobilization stress significantly increased the amount of BDNF mRNA within the rat submandibular glands. Moreover, allowing biting behavior for the second half of the 2-h stress exposure significantly increased the amount of salivary gland BDNF mRNA relative to stress alone. Similar results were found with plasma BDNF concentrations under the same conditions. We confirmed that biting during stress attenuates the increases in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone concentrations, but this was not dependent on the submandibular glands. Increased BDNF, mRNA and protein expressions were observed in salivary duct cells as a result of immobilization stress and biting behavior, as demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Taken together, the findings indicate that the submandibular glands evidently contribute to the increase in plasma BDNF upon biting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Saruta
- Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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ProBDNF inhibits infiltration of ED1+ macrophages after spinal cord injury. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:585-97. [PMID: 20083190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) does not regenerate partly due to the slow clearance of debris from the degenerated myelin sheath by Wallerian degeneration. The mechanism underlying the inefficiency in myelin clearance is not clear. Here we showed that endogenous proBDNF may inhibit the infiltration of ED1+ inflammatory cells after spinal cord injury. After injury, proBDNF and its receptors sortilin and p75NTR are expressed in the spinal cord as determined by Western blots and immunocytochemistry. ProBDNF and mature BDNF were released from macrophages in vitro. Macrophages in vivo (ED1+) and isolated in vitro (CD11b+) express moderate levels of proBDNF, sortilin and p75NTR. ProBDNF suppressed the migration of isolated macrophages in vitro and the antibody to proBDNF enhanced the migration. Suppression of proBDNF in vivo by administering the antiserum to the prodomain of BDNF after spinal cord injury (SCI) increased the infiltration of macrophages and increased number of neurons in the injured cord. BBB tests showed that the treatment of the antibody to proBDNF improved the functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Our data suggest that proBDNF is a suppressing factor for macrophage migration and infiltration and may play a detrimental role after SCI.
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Zeilinger S, Pinto LA, Nockher WA, Depner M, Klopp N, Illig T, von Mutius E, Renz H, Kabesch M. The effect of BDNF gene variants on asthma in German children. Allergy 2009; 64:1790-4. [PMID: 19895626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic inflammation can trigger neuronal dysfunction and structural changes in the airways and the skin. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are strongly up regulated at the location of allergic inflammation. AIM We systematically investigated whether polymorphisms in the BDNF gene influence the development or severity of asthma and atopic diseases. METHODS The BDNF gene was screened for mutations in 80 chromosomes. Genotyping of six BDNF tagging polymorphisms was performed in a cross-sectional study population of 3099 children from Dresden and Munich (age 9-11 years, ISAAC II). Furthermore, polymorphisms were also investigated in an additional 655 asthma cases analysed with a random sample of 767 children selected from ISAAC II. Associations were calculated via chi-square test and anova using SAS Genetics and spss. RESULTS We identified nine polymorphisms with minor allele frequency >or=0.03, one of them leading to an amino acid change from Valine to Methionine. In the cross-sectional study population, no significant association was found with asthma or any atopic disease. However, when more severe asthma cases from the MAGIC study were analysed, significant asthma effects were observed with rs6265 (odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.64, P = 0.001), rs11030101 (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.70-0.95, P = 0.009) and rs11030100 (OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.00-1.42, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As in previous studies, effects of BDNF polymorphisms on asthma remain controversial. The data may suggest that BDNF polymorphisms contribute to severe forms of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zeilinger
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany
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Pan J, Rhode HK, Undem BJ, Myers AC. Neurotransmitters in airway parasympathetic neurons altered by neurotrophin-3 and repeated allergen challenge. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:452-7. [PMID: 19901346 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0130oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in airway nerves associated with chronic inflammation may underlie the pathogenesis and symptoms of lower airway diseases, such as asthma. The molecules most likely causing such alterations are neurotrophins (NTs) and/or related neurokines. In several species, including humans, lower airway parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that project axons to airway smooth muscle are either cholinergic or nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC), the latter synthesizing vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide, but not acetylcholine. In guinea pig trachealis smooth muscle, cholinergic nerve terminals arise from ganglionic neurons located near the tracheal smooth muscle, whereas the source of NANC nerve fibers is from neurons in ganglia located in the adjacent myenteric plexus of the esophagus, making this an ideal species to study regulation of parasympathetic neurotransmitter phenotypes. In the present study, we determined that, 48 hours after repeated allergen challenge, the NANC phenotype of airway parasympathetic ganglionic neurons changed to a cholinergic phenotype, and NT-3 mimicked this change. Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, or IL-1β had no effect on either phenotype, and they did not induce these neurons to synthesize substance P or tyrosine hydroxylase. These results indicate a role for inflammation and NT-3 in regulating biochemical and anatomical characteristics of principal neurons in adult airway parasympathetic ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Sciesielski LK, Paliege A, Martinka P, Scholz H. Enhanced pulmonary expression of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in hypoxic rats is associated with increased acetylcholine-induced airway contractility. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 197:253-64. [PMID: 19583705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have recently reported that hypoxia stimulates transcription of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in cultured cells via stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Here we investigated whether the expression of TrkB and other neurotrophin receptors is oxygen-sensitive also in vivo, and explored the functional consequences of an oxygen-regulated TrkB expression. METHODS Rats were exposed either to 21% O(2) or 8% O(2) for 6 h and TrkB was analysed by reverse transcription real-time PCR, in situ mRNA hybridization, and immunological techniques. The importance of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB pathway in the control of mechanical airway function was assessed on isolated tracheal segments from normoxic and hypoxic rats. RESULTS TrkB transcripts were increased approx. 15-fold in the lungs of hypoxic rats, and the respiratory epithelium was identified as the site of enhanced TrkB expression in hypoxia. The TrkB ligand, BDNF, significantly increased the contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) of isolated tracheal segments from hypoxic but not from normoxic rats. This effect of BDNF was prevented by pre-incubation of the tissue specimens with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a and by mechanical removal of the TrkB containing airway epithelium. Likewise, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l-NAME abrogated the influence of BDNF on ACh-induced contractions of isolated tracheal segments from hypoxic rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that systemic hypoxia stimulates expression of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in the airway epithelium. Furthermore, activation of TrkB signalling by BDNF in hypoxia enhances mechanical airway contractility to ACh through a mechanism that requires NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Sciesielski
- Institut für Vegetative Physiologie, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fujimaki H, Win-Shwe TT, Yamamoto S, Nakajima D, Goto S. Role of CD4(+) T cells in the modulation of neurotrophin production in mice exposed to low-level toluene. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:146-9. [PMID: 19234960 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802504762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of CD4(+) T cells in neurotrophin production following toluene exposure, male C3H mice were exposed to filtered air (control) or 9 ppm of toluene in a nose-only exposure chamber for 30 min on 3 consecutive days followed by weekly sessions for 4 weeks. All the mice were immunized with ovalbumin and some groups of mice were treated with anti-CD4 antibody. BDNF content in BAL fluid and NGF content in plasma were significantly increased in toluene-exposed mice. However, treatment with anti-CD4 mAb completely abrogated these effects. These findings suggest that the CD4(+) T cells may be involved in the toluene-induced modulation of neurotrophin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Fujimaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Veres TZ, Rochlitzer S, Braun A. The role of neuro-immune cross-talk in the regulation of inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:203-14. [PMID: 19292991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of anti-asthmatic medication, asthma continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The symptoms of asthmatic patients include wheezing, chest tightness, cough and shortness of breath, which, together with airway hyperresponiveness, previously have been attributed to a dysfunction of airway nerves. However, research in the last two decades identified Th2-sensitization and the subsequent allergic reaction to innocuous environmental antigens as a basic immunological mechanism leading to chronic airway inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the development of allergic asthma is influenced by events and circumstances in early childhood and even in utero. Allergen, ozone or stress exposure, as well as RSV infection in early life could be able to induce irreversible changes in the developing epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit of the airways. The co-existence of chronic inflammation and neural dysfunction have recently drawn attention to the involvement of interaction pathways between the nervous and the immune system in the airways. Intensive basic research has accumulated morphological as well as functional evidence for the interaction between nerves and immune cells. Neuropeptides and neurotrophins have come into focus of attention as the key mediators of neuro-immune interactions, which lead to the development of several pharmacological compounds specifically targeting these molecules. This review will integrate our current knowledge on the involvement of neuro-immune pathways in asthma on the cellular and molecular level. It will summarize the results of pharmacological studies addressing the potential of neuropeptides and neurotrophins as novel therapeutic targets in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Z Veres
- Department of Immunology, Allergology and Immunotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Lommatzsch M, Lindner Y, Edner A, Bratke K, Kuepper M, Virchow JC. Adverse effects of salmeterol in asthma: a neuronal perspective. Thorax 2009; 64:763-9. [PMID: 19237390 PMCID: PMC2730557 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular use of inhaled beta(2)-agonists has been associated with a paradoxical loss of asthma control and a deterioration of airway hyper-responsiveness, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been identified as a mediator of airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma. METHODS Eighteen patients with mild allergic asthma who did not use any regular antiasthmatic therapy inhaled the long-acting beta(2)-agonist salmeterol for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks of combination therapy with salmeterol and the corticosteroid fluticasone. Airway responsiveness to histamine and BDNF concentrations in blood were assessed prior to entry, after 14 days of salmeterol therapy and after 14 days of combination therapy. In a separate experiment, salmeterol effects on BDNF release by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed. RESULTS Monotherapy with salmeterol significantly increased BDNF concentrations in serum and platelets. This increase was abolished by the addition of fluticasone to the treatment. The findings were confirmed in vitro: salmeterol increased the release of BDNF by mononuclear cells, and this was inhibited by co-incubation with fluticasone. Increased BDNF concentrations in serum and platelets correlated with the deterioration of airway hyper-responsiveness following salmeterol monotherapy. In contrast, there was no association between beta(2)-receptor polymorphisms and changes in airway responsiveness. CONCLUSION Increased BDNF concentrations may underly the adverse effects of salmeterol monotherapy on airway responsiveness in asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00736801.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lommatzsch
- Abteilung für Pneumologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universität Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Taylor-Clark TE, Kiros F, Carr MJ, McAlexander MA. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 mediates toluene diisocyanate-evoked respiratory irritation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:756-62. [PMID: 19059884 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0292oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a reactive, hazardous irritant, causes respiratory symptoms such as cough, rhinitis, dyspnea, and chest tightness in exposed workers. Although previous animal studies have shown that TDI causes respiratory reflexes that are abolished by desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, the specific molecular identity of the transducer(s) responsible for sensing this noxious stimulus has, to date, remained elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), an ion channel largely restricted to a subset of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, functions as a transducer capable of initiating reflex responses to many reactive chemical stimuli. We therefore hypothesized that TRPA1 is the primary molecular transducer through which TDI causes sensory nerve activation and respiratory reflexes. Consistent with this hypothesis, TDI activated TRPA1, but not the capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, in heterologous expression systems. TDI also activated a subset of dissociated trigeminal sensory neurons from wild-type but not TRPA1-deficient mice. In vivo, TDI mimicked known TRPA1 agonists by causing a pronounced decrease in breathing rate, indicative of respiratory sensory irritation, and this reflex was abolished in TRPA1-deficient mice. Together, our data suggest that TDI causes sensory nerve activation and airway sensory irritation via the activation of the ion channel, TRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhang G, Lin RL, Wiggers M, Snow DM, Lee LY. Altered expression of TRPV1 and sensitivity to capsaicin in pulmonary myelinated afferents following chronic airway inflammation in the rat. J Physiol 2008; 586:5771-86. [PMID: 18832423 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.161042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal pulmonary myelinated afferents are normally not activated by capsaicin, a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors. This study was carried out to investigate whether the expression of TRPV1 in these afferents is altered when chronic airway inflammation is induced by ovalbumin (Ova) sensitization. Two groups of Brown-Norway rats (sensitized and control) were exposed to aerosolized Ova and vehicle, respectively, 3 days per week for 3 weeks. After the C-fibre conduction in both vagus nerves was blocked, right-atrial injection of capsaicin elicited augmented breaths in sensitized rats breathing spontaneously, but not in control rats, indicating a stimulation of rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) by capsaicin. Single-unit fibre activities of RARs and slow adapting receptors (SARs), identified by their firing behaviour and adaptation indexes in response to lung inflation, were recorded in anaesthetized, vagotomized and artificially ventilated rats. Capsaicin injection evoked either negligible or no response in both RARs and SARs of control rats. However, in striking contrast, the same dose of capsaicin evoked an immediate stimulatory effect on these myelinated afferents in sensitized rats. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry experiments showed that there was a significant increase in the proportion of TRPV1-expressing pulmonary neurones in nodose ganglia of sensitized rats; this increase in TRPV1 expression was found mainly in neurofilament-positive (myelinated) neurones. In conclusion, allergen-induced airway inflammation clearly elevated capsaicin sensitivity in myelinated pulmonary afferents, which probably resulted from an increased expression of TRPV1 in these sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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