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Alam F, Gaspari TA, Kemp-Harper BK, Low E, Aw A, Ferens D, Spizzo I, Jefferis AM, Praveen P, Widdop RE, Bathgate RAD, Hossain MA, Samuel CS. The single-chain relaxin mimetic, B7-33, maintains the cardioprotective effects of relaxin and more rapidly reduces left ventricular fibrosis compared to perindopril in an experimental model of cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114370. [PMID: 36753958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone, relaxin (RLX), exerts various organ-protective effects independently of etiology. However, its complex two-chain and three disulphide bonded structure is a limitation to its preparation and affordability. Hence, a single chain-derivative of RLX, B7-33, was developed and shown to retain the anti-fibrotic effects of RLX in vitro and in vivo. Here, we determined whether B7-33 could retain the other cardioprotective effects of RLX, and also compared its therapeutic efficacy to the ACE inhibitor, perindopril. Adult male 129sv mice were subjected to isoprenaline (ISO; 25 mg/kg/day, s.c)-induced cardiomyopathy, then s.c-treated with either RLX (0.5 mg/kg/day), B7-33 (0.25 mg/kg/day; equivalent dose corrected for MW) or perindopril (1 mg/kg/day) from days 7-14 post-injury. Control mice received saline instead of ISO. Changes in animal body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured weekly, whilst cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and measures of vascular dysfunction and rarefaction, left ventricular (LV) inflammation and fibrosis were assessed at day 14 post-injury. ISO-injured mice had significantly increased LV inflammation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, vascular rarefaction and aortic contractility in the absence of any changes in BW or SBP at day 14 post-injury. Both B7-33 and RLX equivalently reduced LV fibrosis and normalised the ISO-induced LV inflammation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whilst restoring blood vessel density and aortic contractility. Comparatively, perindopril lowered SBP and the ISO-induced LV inflammation and vascular rarefaction, but not fibrosis or hypertrophy. As B7-33 retained the cardioprotective effects of RLX and provided rapid-occurring anti-fibrotic effects compared to perindopril, it could be considered as a cost-effective cardioprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Alam
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey A Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Low
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Aw
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorota Ferens
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iresha Spizzo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Jefferis
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Praveen Praveen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Ozen G, Aljesri K, Abdelazeem H, Norel X, Turkyılmaz G, Turkyılmaz S, Topal G. Comparative study on the effect of aspirin, TP receptor antagonist and TxA 2 synthase inhibitor on the vascular tone of human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery. Life Sci 2021; 286:120073. [PMID: 34688694 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Thromboxane (TxA2) is synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) via thromboxane synthase (TxS) enzyme and induces vasoconstriction via TP receptor. Our aim is to compare the effects of aspirin, TxS inhibitor and TP receptor antagonist on vascular reactivity of bypass grafts (saphenous vein and internal mammary artery). MAIN METHODS Using isolated organ bath, saphenous vein and internal mammary artery preparations were incubated with TP receptor antagonist, TxS inhibitor, aspirin, IP or EP4 receptor antagonist. Then prostaglandin (PG)E2, PGF2α, phenylephrine and AA were administered in concentration-dependent manner. The expression of prostanoid receptor and PGI2 synthase (PGIS) enzyme was determined by Western Blot. KEY FINDINGS TP receptor antagonist inhibited the contraction induced by PGE2, PGF2α, and AA but not that induced by phenylephrine in both types of vessels. Aspirin increased phenylephrine-induced contraction only in internal mammary artery and decreased AA-induced contraction in saphenous vein. TxS inhibitor decreased both PGE2 and AA-induced contraction in both types of vessels. This decrease was reversed by co-incubation of TxS inhibitor and IP/EP4 receptor antagonists. The expressions of EP3 receptor and PGIS enzyme were greater in internal mammary artery compared to saphenous vein while IP and TP receptors expressed at similar levels. SIGNIFICANCE TP receptor antagonist and TxS inhibitor are more effective to reduce contraction induced by different spasmogens in comparison to aspirin. Our results suggest that TP receptor antagonist and TxS inhibitor might have an advantage over aspirin due to their preventive effect on increased vascular reactivity observed in post-operative period of coronary artery bypass grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Khadija Aljesri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Gulsum Turkyılmaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saygın Turkyılmaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ranjan P, Kumari R, Goswami SK, Li J, Pal H, Suleiman Z, Cheng Z, Krishnamurthy P, Kishore R, Verma SK. Myofibroblast-Derived Exosome Induce Cardiac Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:676267. [PMID: 33969024 PMCID: PMC8102743 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.676267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and in heart function. It was shown that activated fibroblast-derived exosomes impair cardiomyocyte function in hypertrophic heart, but their effect on ECs is not yet clear. Thus, we hypothesized that activated cardiac fibroblast-derived exosomes (FB-Exo) mediate EC dysfunction, and therefore modulation of FB-exosomal contents may improve endothelial function. Methods and Results: Exosomes were isolated from cardiac fibroblast (FB)-conditioned media and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. ECs were isolated from mouse heart. ECs were treated with exosomes isolated from FB-conditioned media, following FB culture with TGF-β1 (TGF-β1-FB-Exo) or PBS (control) treatment. TGF-β1 significantly activated fibroblasts as shown by increase in collagen type1 α1 (COL1α1), periostin (POSTN), and fibronectin (FN1) gene expression and increase in Smad2/3 and p38 phosphorylation. Impaired endothelial cell function (as characterized by a decrease in tube formation and cell migration along with reduced VEGF-A, Hif1α, CD31, and angiopoietin1 gene expression) was observed in TGF-β1-FB-Exo treated cells. Furthermore, TGF-β1-FB-Exo treated ECs showed reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis as compared to control cells. TGF-β1-FB-Exo cargo analysis revealed an alteration in fibrosis-associated miRNAs, including a significant increase in miR-200a-3p level. Interestingly, miR-200a-3p inhibition in activated FBs, alleviated TGF-β1-FB-Exo-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions: Taken together, this study demonstrates an important role of miR-200a-3p enriched within activated fibroblast-derived exosomes on endothelial cell biology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumari
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harish Pal
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zainab Suleiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Circadian variations of vasoconstriction and blood pressure in physiology and diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:125-131. [PMID: 33721615 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
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Beck L, Pinilla E, Arcanjo DDR, Hernanz R, Prat-Duran J, Petersen AG, Köhler R, Sheykhzade M, Comerma-Steffensen S, Simonsen U. Pirfenidone Is a Vasodilator: Involvement of K V7 Channels in the Effect on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Type-2 Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619152. [PMID: 33643042 PMCID: PMC7906977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction and fibrosis are associated with worsening of the prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Pirfenidone has a direct antifibrotic effect, but vasodilatation may also contribute to the effects of pirfenidone. Therefore, in a first study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the relaxant effect of pirfenidone in rat intrapulmonary arteries and coronary arteries from normal mice. Then in a second study, we investigated whether pirfenidone restores endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric arteries from diabetic animals. From 16–18-week old normal male C57BL/6 mice and normoglycemic (db/db+), and type 2 diabetic (db/db) male and female mice, arteries were mounted in microvascular isometric myographs for functional studies, and immunoblotting was performed. In rat pulmonary arteries and mouse coronary arteries, pirfenidone induced relaxations, which were inhibited in preparations without endothelium. In mouse coronary arteries, pirfenidone relaxation was inhibited in the presence of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NOARG), a blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa), iberiotoxin, and a blocker of KV7 channels, XE991. Patch clamp studies in vascular smooth muscle revealed pirfenidone increased iberiotoxin-sensitive current. In the aorta and mesenteric small arteries from diabetic db/db mice relaxations induced by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, were markedly reduced compared to db/db + mice. Pirfenidone enhanced the relaxations induced by acetylcholine in the aorta from diabetic male and female db/db mice. An opener of KV7 channels, flupirtine, had the same effect as pirfenidone. XE991 reduced the effect of pirfenidone and flupirtine and further reduced acetylcholine relaxations in the aorta. In the presence of iberiotoxin, pirfenidone still increased acetylcholine relaxation in aorta from db/db mice. Immunoblotting for KV7.4, KV7.5, and BKCa channel subunits were unaltered in aorta from db/db mice. Pirfenidone failed to improve acetylcholine relaxation in mesenteric arteries, and neither changed acetylcholine-induced transient decreases in blood pressure in db/db+ and db/db mice. In conclusion, pirfenidone vasodilates pulmonary and coronary arteries. In coronary arteries from normal mice, pirfenidone induces NO-dependent vasodilatation involving BKCa and KV7 channels. Pirfenidone improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in aorta from diabetic animals by a mechanism involving voltage-gated KV7 channels, a mechanism that may contribute to the antifibrotic effect of pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana Beck
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Graver Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragón Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Beck L, Su J, Comerma-Steffensen S, Pinilla E, Carlsson R, Hernanz R, Sheykhzade M, Danielsen CC, Simonsen U. Endothelial Dysfunction and Passive Changes in the Aorta and Coronary Arteries of Diabetic db/db Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:667. [PMID: 32655412 PMCID: PMC7324802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction and vessel stiffening are associated with a worsened prognosis in diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. The present study hypothesized that sex impacts endothelial dysfunction and structural changes in arteries from diabetic mice. In diabetic (db/db) and normoglycaemic (db/db+) mice, the mechanical properties were investigated in pressurized isolated left anterior descending coronary arteries and aorta segments that were subjected to tensile testing. Functional studies were performed on wire-mounted vascular segments. The male and female db/db mice were hyperglycaemic and had markedly increased body weight. In isolated aorta segments without the contribution of smooth muscle cells, load to rupture, viscoelasticity, and collagen content were decreased suggesting larger distensibility of the arterial wall in both male and female db/db mice. In male db/db aorta segments with smooth muscle cell contribution, lumen diameter was smaller and the passive stretch-tension curve was leftward-shifted, while they were unaltered in female db/db aorta segments versus control db/db+ mice. In contrast to female db/db mice, coronary arteries from male db/db mice had altered stress-strain relationships and increased distensibility. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with unaltered cardiac output, while aortic flow velocity was decreased in male db/db mice. Impairment of acetylcholine relaxation was aggravated in aorta from female db/db compared to control and male db/db mice, while impairment of sodium nitroprusside relaxations was only observed in aorta from male db/db mice. The remodeling in the coronary arteries and aorta suggests an adaptation of the arterial wall to the reduced flow velocity with sex-specific differences in the passive properties of aorta and coronary arteries. The findings of less distensible arteries and more pronounced endothelial dysfunction in female compared to male diabetic mice may have implications for the observed higher incidence of macrovascular complications in diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana Beck
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Carlsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Christian Danielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Azul L, Leandro A, Boroumand P, Klip A, Seiça R, Sena CM. Increased inflammation, oxidative stress and a reduction in antioxidant defense enzymes in perivascular adipose tissue contribute to vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:264-274. [PMID: 31698080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most large blood vessels and plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. The present study was conducted to investigate the contribution of PVAT to vascular dysfunction in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Several in vivo parameters such as lipid profile (total cholesterol and triglyceride systemic levels), fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (through glucose and insulin tolerance tests, respectively) were determined in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats and compared with control Wistar rats. At the vascular level, endothelial dependent and independent relaxation and contraction studies were performed in aortic rings in the absence (PVAT-) or in the presence (PVAT+) of thoracic PVAT. We also evaluated vascular oxidative stress and performed western blots, PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis of cytokines and various enzymes in PVAT. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, assessed by wire myography, was impaired in GK rats and improved by the antioxidant TEMPOL and by the TLR4 inhibitor, CLI-095 suggesting an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite production was increased in the vascular wall of diabetic rats, accompanied by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. The presence of PVAT had an anticontractile effect in response to phenylephrine in Wistar rats that was lost in GK rats. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that PVAT phenotype shifts, under diabetic conditions, towards a proinflammatory (with increment in CRP, CCL2, CD36), pro-oxidant (increased levels of aldose reductase, and reduced levels of antioxidant deference enzymes) and vasoconstriction state. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that this rat model of type 2 diabetes is associated with perivascular adipose dysfunction that contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Akbari G. Molecular mechanisms underlying gallic acid effects against cardiovascular diseases: An update review. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:11-23. [PMID: 31921604 PMCID: PMC6941690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is growing. CVDs are the major cause of mortality and have become one of the most important health challenges in developing countries. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural phytochemical which has been widely used against multiple conditions. The present review was designed to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of this agent against CVDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data discussed in this review were collected from the articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database between 1993 and 2018. RESULTS According to the experimental studies, GA has protective actions against CVDs through increasing antioxidant enzymes capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and decreasing serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes, modulation of hemodynamic parameters, recovery of electrocardiogram aberrations, and preservation of histopathological changes. CONCLUSION GA has potential cardioprotective action. Therefore, it has been suggested that this agent can be administered in underlying of CVDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +989177428836, Fax: +987432332401,
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9
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Smani T, Gallardo-Castillo I, Ávila-Médina J, Jimenez-Navarro MF, Ordoñez A, Hmadcha A. Impact of Diabetes on Cardiac and Vascular Disease: Role of Calcium Signaling. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4166-4177. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170523140925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology linking diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is
complex and multifactorial. The specific type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes,
known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), is recognized as asymptomatic progression
of structural and functional remodeling in the heart of diabetic patients in the absence
of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. In other words, the presence of heart disease
specifically in diabetic patients is also known as diabetic heart disease. This article
reviews the impact of diabetes in heart and vascular beds focusing on molecular mechanisms
involving the oxidative stress, the inflammation, the endothelium dysfunction and
the alteration of the homeostasis of calcium, among others mechanisms. Understanding
these mechanisms will help identify and treat CVD in patients with diabetes, as well as to
plan efficient strategies to mitigate DCM impact in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Smani
- Group of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville-IBiS, HUVR/University of Seville/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Javier Ávila-Médina
- Group of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville-IBiS, HUVR/University of Seville/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel F. Jimenez-Navarro
- UGC del Corazon, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Ordoñez
- Group of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville-IBiS, HUVR/University of Seville/CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Unversity of Pablo de Olavide- University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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10
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Syed AU, Reddy GR, Ghosh D, Prada MP, Nystoriak MA, Morotti S, Grandi E, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N, Hell JW, Santana LF, Xiang YK, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Adenylyl cyclase 5-generated cAMP controls cerebral vascular reactivity during diabetic hyperglycemia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3140-3152. [PMID: 31162142 PMCID: PMC6668679 DOI: 10.1172/jci124705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) is a hallmark metabolic abnormality in diabetes. Hyperglycemia is associated with protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in arterial myocytes resulting in increased vasoconstriction. However, the mechanisms by which glucose activates PKA remain unclear. Here, we showed that elevating extracellular glucose stimulates cAMP production in arterial myocytes, and that this was specifically dependent on adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) activity. Super-resolution imaging suggested nanometer proximity between subpopulations of AC5 and the L-type Ca2+ channel pore-forming subunit CaV1.2. In vitro, in silico, ex vivo and in vivo experiments revealed that this close association is critical for stimulation of L-type Ca2+ channels in arterial myocytes and increased myogenic tone upon acute hyperglycemia. This pathway supported the increase in L-type Ca2+ channel activity and myogenic tone in two animal models of diabetes. Our collective findings demonstrate a unique role for AC5 in PKA-dependent modulation of L-type Ca2+ channel activity and vascular reactivity during acute hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/biosynthesis
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Cerebral Arteries/enzymology
- Cerebral Arteries/pathology
- Cyclic AMP/genetics
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Hyperglycemia/enzymology
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan U. Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gopireddy R. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria Paz Prada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Johannes W. Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luis F. Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | | | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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11
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Wang A, Singh S, Yu B, Bloch DB, Zapol WM, Kluger R. Cross-linked hemoglobin bis-tetramers from bioorthogonal coupling do not induce vasoconstriction in the circulation. Transfusion 2018; 59:359-370. [PMID: 30444016 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are potential alternatives to red blood cells in transfusions. Clinical trials using early versions of HBOCs noted adverse effects that appeared to result from removal of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Previous reports suggest that size-enlarged HBOCs may avoid NO-rich regions along the vasculature and therefore not cause vasoconstriction and hypertension. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Hemoglobin (Hb) bis-tetramers (bis-tetramers of hemoglobin that are prepared using CuAAC chemistry [BT-Hb] and bis-tetramers of hemoglobin that are specifically acetylated and prepared using CuAAC chemistry [BT-acHb]) can be reliably produced by a bio-orthogonal cyclo-addition approach. We considered that an HBOC derived from chemical coupling of two Hbs would be sufficiently large to avoid NO scavenging and related side effects. The ability of intravenously infused BT-Hb and BT-acHb to remain in the circulation without causing hypertension were determined in wild-type (WT) and diabetic (db/db) mouse models. RESULTS In WT mice, the coupled oxygen-carrying proteins retained their function over several hours after administration. No significant changes in systolic blood pressure from baseline were observed after intravenous infusion of BT-Hb or BT-acHb in awake WT and db/db mice. In contrast, infusion of native Hb or cross-linked Hb tetramers in both animal models induced systemic hypertension. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that bis-tetrameric HBOCs derived from the bio-orthogonal cyclo-addition process are likely to overcome clinical issues that arise from NO scavenging by Hb derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhou Wang
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binglan Yu
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Lemmey HAL, Ye X, Ding HC, Triggle CR, Garland CJ, Dora KA. Hyperglycaemia disrupts conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature of db/db mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:29-35. [PMID: 29339138 PMCID: PMC5906692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction in small resistance arteries is observed during chronic elevations in blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia-associated effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation have been well characterized, but effects on conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature are not known. Small mesenteric arteries were isolated from healthy and diabetic db/db mice, which were used as a model of chronic hyperglycaemia. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation via the Gq/11-coupled proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was stimulated with the selective agonist SLIGRL. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator fluo-8 reported changes in endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i, and triple cannulated bifurcating mesenteric arteries were used to study conducted vasodilation. Chronic hyperglycaemia did not affect either EC Ca2+ or local vasodilation to SLIGRL. However, both acute and chronic exposure to high glucose or the mannitol osmotic control attenuated conducted vasodilation to 10μM SLIGRL. This investigation demonstrates for the first time that a hypertonic solution containing glucose or mannitol can interfere with the spread of a hyperpolarizing current along the endothelium in a physiological setting. Our findings reiterate the importance of studying the effects of hyperglycaemia in the vasculature, and provide the basis for further studies regarding the modulation of junctional proteins involved in cell to cell communication by diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Hong C Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher J Garland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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13
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Kobayashi S, Matsumoto T, Ando M, Iguchi M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Augmented Contractility to Noradrenaline in Femoral Arteries from the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rat, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2061-2067. [PMID: 29199231 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although vasculopathies may occur systemically, there are few reports regarding femoral arteries of type 2 diabetes. Here, we investigated whether contractile response to noradrenaline in femoral arteries would change in type 2 diabetic male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat at the chronic stage of disease (1 year old) versus age-matched control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rat. OLETF rat exhibited hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypoinsulinemia compared to age-matched LETO rat. Noradrenaline-induced contraction was increased in femoral arteries in OLETF rats compared with LETO rats whereas serotonin- or phenylephrine-induced contractions were similar between these two animals. Acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations were similar between the two groups. Very small relaxations in femoral arteries induced by clonidine and isoprenaline were obtained in LETO but not OLETF group. Noradrenaline-induced contraction was enhanced by treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and the between-group difference of contraction was eliminated by such treatment. Indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, reduced noradrenaline-induced contraction in both groups, whereas the contraction was greater in OLETF group versus LETO. Femoral arterial protein expression of endothelial NOS, COX-1, and superoxide dismutases were similar between the two groups, whereas reduction of COX-2 expression was seen in OLETF group compared with LETO. Increased contractile responsiveness to noradrenaline is seen in OLETF rat femoral artery and this may be due to reduction of suppressive effect of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Maika Iguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
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14
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Watanabe S, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Relationship between PDK1 and contraction in carotid arteries in Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:459-462. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) and contractions induced by serotonin, phenylephrine, and thromboxane A2 mimetic (U46619) in the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the carotid arteries of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic model, in the chronic stage of disease. Serotonin-induced contraction was greater in the GK rats than in the control Wistar rats. A specific PDK1 inhibitor (GSK2334470) decreased the serotonin-induced contraction in the GK rats but not in the Wistar rats, and the difference in such contraction was abolished with this treatment. In GK rats, phenylephrine-induced contraction exhibited a leftward shift and U46619-induced contraction was greater still. Phenylephrine- and U46619-induced contractions were reduced by GSK2334470 in both groups. These results suggest, for the first time, that the contribution of PDK1 is different among 3 vasoconstrictors and that PDK1 contributed to increased serotonin-induced contraction in the carotid arteries of GK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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15
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Graw JA, Yu B, Rezoagli E, Warren HS, Buys ES, Bloch DB, Zapol WM. Endothelial dysfunction inhibits the ability of haptoglobin to prevent hemoglobin-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1120-H1127. [PMID: 28314763 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00851.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis produces injury in a variety of human diseases including hemoglobinopathies, malaria, and sepsis. The adverse effects of increased plasma hemoglobin are partly mediated by depletion of nitric oxide (NO) and result in vasoconstriction. Circulating plasma proteins haptoglobin and hemopexin scavenge extracellular hemoglobin and cell-free heme, respectively. The ability of human haptoglobin or hemopexin to inhibit the adverse effects of NO scavenging by circulating murine hemoglobin was tested in C57Bl/6 mice. In healthy awake mice, the systemic hemodynamic effects of intravenous coinfusion of cell-free hemoglobin and exogenous haptoglobin or of cell-free hemoglobin and hemopexin were compared with the hemodynamic effects of infusion of cell-free hemoglobin or control protein (albumin) alone. We also studied the hemodynamic effects of infusing hemoglobin and haptoglobin as well as injecting either hemoglobin or albumin alone in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in diabetic (db/db) mice. Coinfusion of a 1:1 weight ratio of haptoglobin but not hemopexin with cell-free hemoglobin prevented hemoglobin-induced systemic hypertension in healthy awake mice. In mice fed a HFD and in diabetic mice, coinfusion of haptoglobin mixed with an equal mass of cell-free hemoglobin did not reverse hemoglobin-induced hypertension. Haptoglobin retained cell-free hemoglobin in plasma, but neither haptoglobin nor hemopexin affected the ability of hemoglobin to scavenge NO ex vivo. In conclusion, in healthy C57Bl/6 mice with normal endothelium, coadministration of haptoglobin but not hemopexin with cell-free hemoglobin prevents acute hemoglobin-induced systemic hypertension by compartmentalizing cell-free hemoglobin in plasma. In murine diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, haptoglobin therapy appears to be insufficient to prevent hemoglobin-induced vasoconstriction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Coadministraton of haptoglobin but not hemopexin with cell-free hemoglobin prevents hemoglobin-induced systemic hypertension in mice with a normal endothelium. In contrast, treatment with the same amount of haptoglobin is unable to prevent hemoglobin-induced vasoconstriction in mice with hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus, disorders that are associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Graw
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binglan Yu
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H Shaw Warren
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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16
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Matafome P, Rodrigues T, Sena C, Seiça R. Methylglyoxal in Metabolic Disorders: Facts, Myths, and Promises. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:368-403. [PMID: 27636890 DOI: 10.1002/med.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Glucose and fructose metabolism originates the highly reactive byproduct methylglyoxal (MG), which is a strong precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The MG has been implicated in classical diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, but has also been recently associated with cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders such as cerebrovascular diseases and dementia. Recent studies even suggested its involvement in insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, contributing to the early development of type 2 diabetes and creating a vicious circle between glycation and hyperglycemia. Despite several drugs and natural compounds have been identified in the last years in order to scavenge MG and inhibit AGE formation, we are still far from having an effective strategy to prevent MG-induced mechanisms. This review summarizes the endogenous and exogenous sources of MG, also addressing the current controversy about the importance of exogenous MG sources. The mechanisms by which MG changes cell behavior and its involvement in type 2 diabetes development and complications and the pathophysiological implication are also summarized. Particular emphasis will be given to pathophysiological relevance of studies using higher MG doses, which may have produced biased results. Finally, we also overview the current knowledge about detoxification strategies, including modulation of endogenous enzymatic systems and exogenous compounds able to inhibit MG effects on biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3045-601, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Sena
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Serelaxin treatment reverses vascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39604. [PMID: 28067255 PMCID: PMC5220363 DOI: 10.1038/srep39604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serelaxin prevents endothelial dysfunction in the mouse aorta ex vivo and inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under acute hyperglycaemia. Less is known about the effects of serelaxin in an in vivo mouse model of diabetes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice that serelaxin is able to reverse diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction and cardiac remodelling. Mice were divided into citrate buffer + placebo, STZ + placebo and STZ + serelaxin (0.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks) groups. After 12 weeks of diabetes, sensitivity to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced in the mesenteric artery. This was accompanied by an enhanced vasoconstrictor prostanoid contribution and a decrease in endothelium-derived hyperpolarisation (EDH)-mediated relaxation. Serelaxin restored endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation but not EDH. It also normalised the contribution of vasoconstrictor prostanoids to endothelial dysfunction and suppressed diabetes-induced hyper-responsiveness of the mesenteric artery to angiotensin II. Similarly, diabetes reduced ACh-evoked NO-mediated relaxation in the aorta which was reversed by serelaxin. In the left ventricle, diabetes promoted apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis; serelaxin treatment reversed this ventricular apoptosis and hypertrophy, but had no effect on fibrosis. In summary, serelaxin reversed diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing NO-mediated relaxation in the mouse vasculature and attenuating left ventricular hypertrophy and apoptosis.
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18
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Majumder K, Li Q, Panahi S, Morton JS, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg white protein hydrolysate reduces blood pressure, improves vascular relaxation and modifies aortic angiotensin II receptors expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Matsumoto T, Watanabe S, Ando M, Yamada K, Iguchi M, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Diabetes and Age-Related Differences in Vascular Function of Renal Artery: Possible Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:41-52. [PMID: 26234558 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the time-course relationship between vascular functions and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in type 2 diabetes, we investigated vascular function and associated protein expression, including cyclo-oxygenase (COX), ER stress, and apoptotic markers, in renal arteries (RA) from type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats at the young adult (4 months old) and aged (18 months old) stages. In the RA of aged OLETF (vs. young OLETF), we found: (1) Increased contractions induced by uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) and phenylephrine, (2) decreased relaxation and increased contraction induced by acetylcholine (ACh) at lower and higher concentrations, respectively, and (3) increased expression of COX-1 and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP, a pro-apoptotic protein). In aged rats, the expression of COX-1, COX-2, PDI (an ER protein disulfide isomerase), Bax (a proapoptotic marker), and CHOP were increased in RA from OLETF rats (vs. age-matched control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO] rats). Up-regulation of PDI and Bax were seen in the RA from young OLETF (vs. young LETO) rats. No age-related alterations were apparent in the above changes in RA from LETO rats, excluding ACh-induced contraction. Short-term treatment with the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, 100 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneally for 1 week) to OLETF rats at the chronic stage of the disease (12 months old) could suppress renal arterial contractions induced by Up4A and ACh. These results suggest that a long-term duration of disease may be important for the development of vascular dysfunction rather than aging per se. The early regulation of ER stress may be important against the development of diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamada
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maika Iguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Garcia DC, Pereira AC, Gutierrez SJ, Barbosa-Filho JM, Lemos VS, Côrtes SF. Structure-related blockage of calcium channels by vasodilator alkamides in mice mesenteric artery. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Zhang H, Liu J, Qu D, Wang L, Luo JY, Lau CW, Liu P, Gao Z, Tipoe GL, Lee HK, Ng CF, Ma RCW, Yao X, Huang Y. Inhibition of miR-200c Restores Endothelial Function in Diabetic Mice Through Suppression of COX-2. Diabetes 2016; 65:1196-207. [PMID: 26822089 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic vasculopathy. Our initial quantitative PCR results showed an increased miR-200c expression in arteries from diabetic mice and patients with diabetes. However, whether miR-200c is involved in diabetic endothelial dysfunction is unknown. Overexpression of miR-200c impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in nondiabetic mouse aortas, whereas suppression of miR-200c by anti-miR-200c enhanced EDRs in diabetic db/db mice. miR-200c suppressed ZEB1 expression, and ZEB1 overexpression ameliorated endothelial dysfunction induced by miR-200c or associated with diabetes. More importantly, overexpression of anti-miR-200c or ZEB1 in vivo attenuated miR-200c expression and improved EDRs in db/db mice. Mechanistic study with the use of COX-2(-/-) mice revealed that COX-2 mediated miR-200c-induced endothelial dysfunction and that miR-200c upregulated COX-2 expression in endothelial cells through suppression of ZEB1 and increased production of prostaglandin E2, which also reduced EDR. This study demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that miR-200c is a new mediator of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and inhibition of miR-200c rescues EDRs in diabetic mice. These new findings suggest the potential usefulness of miR-200c as the target for drug intervention against diabetic vascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/chemistry
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Renal Artery/metabolism
- Renal Artery/pathology
- Renal Artery/physiopathology
- Vasodilation
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/genetics
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George L Tipoe
- Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Solini A, Rossi C, Duranti E, Taddei S, Natali A, Virdis A. Saxagliptin prevents vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in db/db mice. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and cyclooxygenase. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 76:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang GG, Chen QY, Li W, Lu XH, Zhao X. Ginkgolide B increases hydrogen sulfide and protects against endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. Croat Med J 2015; 56:4-13. [PMID: 25727037 PMCID: PMC4364347 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of ginkgolide B treatment on vascular endothelial function in diabetic rats. Methods The study included four groups with 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats: control group; control group treated with ginkgolide B; diabetic group; and diabetic treated with ginkgolide B. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde content, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) protein expression were determined in aortic tissues. Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine (PHE) and vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assessed in aortic rings. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured, as well as cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS) protein expression, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Results Diabetes significantly impaired PHE-induced vasoconstriction and Ach-induced vasorelaxation (P < 0.001), reduced NO bioavailability and H2S production (P < 0.001), SOD activity, and GPX1 protein expression (P < 0.001), and increased malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase subunits, and CSE and CBS protein expression (P < 0.001). Ginkgolide B treatment improved PHE vasoconstriction and Ach vasorelaxation (P < 0.001), restored SOD (P = 0.005) and eNOS (P < 0.001) activities, H2S production (P = 0.044) and decreased malondialdehyde content (P = 0.014). Vasorelaxation to SNP was not significantly different in control and diabetic rats with or without ginkgolide B treatment. Besides, ginkgolide B increased GPX1 protein expression and reduced NADPH oxidase subunits, CBS and CSE protein expression. Conclusion Ginkgolide B alleviates endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and elevating NO bioavailability and H2S production in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Guang Wang
- Guo-guang Wang, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, 22 # West of Wenchang Road, Wuhu, China,
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Toll-like receptor 2 mediates vascular contraction and activates RhoA signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells from STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2361-74. [PMID: 25600901 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction is an early and critical contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in diabetes; however, knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms is scarce. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a well-known component of the innate immunity, is expressed in VSMC and recently has been identified to be systemically activated in diabetes. Whether TLR2 is locally activated in the diabetic blood vessels and have effect on contraction is not known. In the current study, we examined the role of TLR2 in increased vascular contraction in diabetes. Utilizing rat model of type 1 diabetes (induced by streptozotocin (STZ)), we demonstrated that aortas from STZ-diabetic rats exhibit increased expression of TLR2 and its adaptor protein, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), as well as enhanced protein-protein interaction between TLR2 and MyD88, suggesting a TLR2 signaling activation. Blockade of TLR2 in intact aortas using anti-TLR2 antibody attenuated increased vascular contraction in STZ-diabetic rat as assessed by wire myograph. Activation of TLR2 by specific ligand in primary aortic VSMC cultures triggered activation of RhoA which was exacerbated in cells from STZ-diabetic rats than control rats. Activation of RhoA was accompanied by phosphorylation and therefore activation of its downstream targets myosin phosphatase target subunit I and myosin light chain (markers of VSMC contraction). Taken together, these results provide evidence for the role of TLR2 in increased contraction in diabetic blood vessels that involves RhoA signaling. Thus, targeting vascular TLR2 offers a promising drug target to treat vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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Jahandideh F, Majumder K, Chakrabarti S, Morton JS, Panahi S, Kaufman S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Beneficial effects of simulated gastro-intestinal digests of fried egg and its fractions on blood pressure, plasma lipids and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115006. [PMID: 25502445 PMCID: PMC4263718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously characterized several antihypertensive peptides in simulated digests of cooked eggs and showed blood pressure lowering property of fried whole egg digest. However, the long-term effects of this hydrolysate and its fractions on blood pressure are not known. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine the effects of long term administration of fried whole egg hydrolysate and its fractions (i.e. egg white and egg yolk) on regulation of blood pressure and associated factors in cardiovascular disease such as plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. Methods and Results We used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an animal model of essential hypertension. Hydrolysates of fried egg and its fractions were prepared by simulated gastro-intestinal digestion with pepsin and pancreatin. 16–17 week old male SHRs were orally administered fried whole egg hydrolysate, non-hydrolyzed fried whole egg, egg white hydrolysate or egg yolk hydrolysates (either defatted, or not) daily for 18 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were monitored by telemetry. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment for vascular function studies and evaluating plasma lipid profile and tissue oxidative stress. BP was reduced by feeding fried whole egg hydrolysate but not by the non-hydrolyzed product suggesting a critical role for in vitro digestion in releasing anti-hypertensive peptides. Egg white hydrolysate and defatted egg yolk hydrolysate (but not egg yolk hydrolysate) also had similar effects. Reduction in BP was accompanied by the restoration of nitric oxide (NO) dependent vasorelaxation and reduction of plasma angiotensin II. Fried whole egg hydrolysate also reduced plasma levels of triglyceride although it was increased by the non-hydrolyzed sample. Additionally the hydrolyzed preparations attenuated tissue oxidative stress. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that fried egg hydrolysates exert anti-hypertensive effects, improve plasma lipid profile and attenuate tissue oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Martínez AC, Hernández M, Novella S, Martínez MP, Pagán RM, Hermenegildo C, García-Sacristán A, Prieto D, Benedito S. Diminished neurogenic femoral artery vasoconstrictor response in a Zucker obese rat model: differential regulation of NOS and COX derivatives. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106372. [PMID: 25216050 PMCID: PMC4162543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Peripheral arterial disease is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study addresses femoral artery regulation in a prediabetic model of obese Zucker rats (OZR) by examining cross-talk between endothelial and neural factors. Methods and Results Arterial preparations from lean (LZR) and OZR were subjected to electrical field stimulation (EFS) on basal tone. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform expression patterns were determined by immunohistochemical labelling and Western blotting. Results indicate significantly reduced noradrenergic contractions in preparations from OZR compared with those of LZR. Functional inhibition of endothelial NOS (eNOS) indicated a predominant role of this isoform in LZR and its modified activity in OZR. Neural (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were activated and their expression was higher in femoral arteries from OZR. Neurotransmission modulated by large-conductance Ca2+-activated (BKCa) or voltage-dependent (KV) K+ channels did not seem compromised in the obese animals. Endothelial COX-1 and COX-2 were expressed in LZR and an additional adventitial location of COX-2 was also observed in OZR, explaining the higher COX-2 protein levels detected in this group. Prostanoids derived from both isoforms helped maintain vasoconstriction in LZR while in OZR only COX-2 was active. Superoxide anion inhibition reduced contractions in endothelium-intact arteries from OZR. Conclusions Endothelial dysfunction led to reduced neurogenic vasoconstriction in femoral arteries from OZR. In a setting of obesity, NO-dependent nNOS and iNOS dilation activity could be an alternative mechanism to offset COX-2- and reactive oxygen species-mediated vasoconstriction, along with impaired endothelial NO relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Medardo Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Novella
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Pagán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermenegildo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albino García-Sacristán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fernández-Velasco M, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Gómez AM, Rueda A. Ca(2+) handling alterations and vascular dysfunction in diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:397-407. [PMID: 25218935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
More than 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from cardiovascular disease or stroke. Hyperglycemia, due to either reduced insulin secretion or reduced insulin sensitivity, is the hallmark feature of diabetes mellitus. Vascular dysfunction is a distinctive phenotype found in both types of diabetes and could be responsible for the high incidence of stroke, heart attack, and organ damage in diabetic patients. In addition to well-documented endothelial dysfunction, Ca(2+) handling alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in the development and progression of vascular complications in diabetes. VSMCs provide not only structural integrity to the vessels but also control myogenic arterial tone and systemic blood pressure through global and local Ca(2+) signaling. The Ca(2+) signalosome of VSMCs is integrated by an extensive number of Ca(2+) handling proteins (i.e. channels, pumps, exchangers) and related signal transduction components, whose function is modulated by endothelial effectors. This review summarizes recent findings concerning alterations in endothelium and VSMC Ca(2+) signaling proteins that may contribute to the vascular dysfunction found in the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Unidad de Hipertensión, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Gómez
- Inserm, UMR S769, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México City, Mexico.
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive compound derived mainly from glucose and fructose metabolism. This metabolite has been implicated in diabetic complications as it is a strong AGE precursor. Furthermore, recent studies suggested a role for MG in insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Although several drugs have been developed in the recent years to scavenge MG and inhibit AGE formation, we are still far from having an effective strategy to prevent MG-induced mechanisms. This review summarizes the mechanisms of MG formation, detoxification, and action. Furthermore, we review the current knowledge about its implication on the pathophysiology and complications of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Research on Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Liang CF, Liu JT, Wang Y, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM. Toll-like receptor 4 mutation protects obese mice against endothelial dysfunction by decreasing NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:777-84. [PMID: 23413427 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of toll-like receptor 4 in modulating metabolism and endothelial function. APPROACH AND RESULTS Type 2 diabetic mice with mutated toll-like receptor 4 (DWM) were protected from hyperglycemia and hypertension, despite an increased body weight. Isometric tension was measured in arterial rings with endothelium. Relaxations to acetylcholine were blunted in aortae and mesenteric arteries of Lepr(db/db) mice, but not in DWM mice; the endothelial NO synthase dimer/monomer ratio and endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation levels were higher in DWM preparations. These differences were abolished by apocynin. Contractions to acetylcholine (in the presence of L-NAME) were larger in carotid arteries from Lepr(db/db) mice than from DWM mice and were inhibited by indomethacin and SC560, demonstrating involvement of cyclooxygenase-1. The release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α was lower in DWM mice arteries, implying lower cyclooxygenase-1 activity. Apocynin, manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin, catalase, and diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited endothelium-dependent contractions. The mRNA and protein levels of NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX1 and NOX4 were downregulated in DWM mice arteries. The in vivo and in vitro administration of lipopolysaccharide caused endothelial dysfunction in the arteries of wild-type, but not toll-like receptor 4-mutated mice. CONCLUSIONS Toll-like receptor 4 plays a key role in obesity and diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Rueda A, Fernández-Velasco M, Benitah JP, Gómez AM. Abnormal Ca2+ spark/STOC coupling in cerebral artery smooth muscle cells of obese type 2 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53321. [PMID: 23301060 PMCID: PMC3536748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in cerebral artery dysfunction found in the diabetic patients are not completely elucidated. In cerebral artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), spontaneous and local increases of intracellular Ca2+ due to the opening of ryanodine receptors (Ca2+ sparks) activate large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels that generate spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs). STOCs have a key participation in the control of vascular myogenic tone and blood pressure. Our goal was to investigate whether alterations in Ca(2+) spark and STOC activities, measured by confocal microscopy and patch-clamp technique, respectively, occur in isolated CASMCs of an experimental model of type-2 diabetes (db/db mouse). We found that mean Ca(2+) spark amplitude, duration, size and rate-of-rise were significantly smaller in Fluo-3 loaded db/db compared to control CASMCs, with a subsequent decrease in the total amount of Ca(2+) released through Ca(2+) sparks in db/db CASMCs, though Ca(2+) spark frequency remained. Interestingly, the frequency of large-amplitude Ca(2+) sparks was also significantly reduced in db/db cells. In addition, the frequency and amplitude of STOCs were markedly reduced at all voltages tested (from -50 to 0 mV) in db/db CASMCs. The latter correlates with decreased BK channel β1/α subunit ratio found in db/db vascular tissues. Taken together, Ca(2+) spark alterations lead to inappropriate BK channels activation in CASMCs of db/db mice and this condition is aggravated by the decrease in the BK β1 subunit/α subunit ratio which underlies the significant reduction of Ca(2+) spark/STOC coupling in CASMCs of diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rueda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México City, México
- Inserm, U-637; Université de Montpellier 1, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (AMG); (AR)
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Inserm, U-637; Université de Montpellier 1, Université de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- Inserm, U769; Université de Paris-Sud, IFR141, Labex Lermit, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana María Gómez
- Inserm, U769; Université de Paris-Sud, IFR141, Labex Lermit, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- * E-mail: (AMG); (AR)
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Ishida K, Matsumoto T, Taguchi K, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Pravastatin normalizes endothelium-derived contracting factor-mediated response via suppression of Rho-kinase signalling in mesenteric artery from aged type 2 diabetic rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:255-65. [PMID: 22212448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although pravastatin has known pleiotropic effects against adverse cardiovascular conditions, little is known about its effects on endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF)-mediated signalling. We aimed to determine the effects of pravastatin on the production of and responses to EDCF in superior mesenteric arteries isolated from rats at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Contractions to acetylcholine (ACh) were examined in superior mesenteric artery rings from aged type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (56-60 weeks old), from control age-matched non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats and from pravastatin-treated (10 mg kg(-1) , p.o., daily for 4 weeks) OLETF rats. Mesenteric artery expressions of cyclo-oxygenases (COXs), microsomal-PGE synthases (mPGESs), RhoA and Rho-kinase proteins, and also the level of phosphorylated ezrin, radixin and moesin (PERM), a substrate for Rho-kinase, were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Arteries from OLETF rats exhibited (vs. LETO rats) (1) enhanced ACh-induced EDCF-mediated contractions, which were inhibited by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632, (2) reductions in the ACh-stimulated release of both PGE(2) and superoxide and (3) increased COX-1 and PERM protein expressions. Mesenteric arteries from OLETF rats treated with pravastatin exhibited (vs. untreated OLETF) (1) reduced ACh-induced contraction, (2) suppressed ACh-induced PGE(2) production and superoxide generation and (3) reduced ACh-induced PERM protein expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that pravastatin exerts beneficial effects against abnormal EDCF signalling by suppressing Rho-kinase and promoting antioxidant activity in the mesenteric arteries of rats at the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - T. Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - K. Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - K. Kamata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo; Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo; Japan
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Ahmed MN, Zhang Y, Codipilly C, Zaghloul N, Patel D, Wolin M, Miller EJ. Extracellular superoxide dismutase overexpression can reverse the course of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Mol Med 2012; 18:38-46. [PMID: 22045221 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia leads to free radical production, which has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that treatment with extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) could ameliorate the development of PH induced by hypoxia. In vitro studies using pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells showed that cells transfected with EC-SOD had significantly less accumulation of xanthine oxidase and reactive oxygen species than nontransfected cells after hypoxia exposure for 24 h. To study the prophylactic role of EC-SOD, adult male wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice, with lung-specific overexpression of human EC-SOD (hEC-SOD), were exposed to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) 10% for 10 d. After exposure, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular mass (RV/S + LV), pulmonary vascular wall thickness (PVWT) and pulmonary artery contraction/relaxation were assessed. TG mice were protected against PH compared with WT mice with significantly lower RVSP (23.9 ± 1.24 versus 47.2 ± 3.4), RV/S + LV (0.287 ± 0.015 versus 0.335 ± 0.022) and vascular remodeling, indicated by PVWT (14.324 ± 1.107 versus 18.885 ± 1.529). Functional studies using pulmonary arteries isolated from mice indicated that EC-SOD prevents hypoxia-mediated attenuation of nitric oxide-induced relaxation. Therapeutic potential was assessed by exposing WT mice to FiO(2) 10% for 10 d. Half of the group was transfected with plasmid containing cDNA encoding human EC-SOD. The remaining animals were transfected with empty vector. Both groups were exposed to FiO(2) 10% for a further 10 d. Transfected mice had significantly reduced RVSP (18.97 ± 1.12 versus 41.3 ± 1.5), RV/S + LV (0.293 ± 0.012 versus 0.372 ± 0.014) and PVWT (12.51 ± 0.72 versus 18.98 ± 1.24). On the basis of these findings, we concluded that overexpression of EC-SOD prevents the development of PH and ameliorates established PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Ahmed
- Cohen Children's Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York, United States of America.
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Sena CM, Matafome P, Louro T, Nunes E, Fernandes R, Seiça RM. Metformin restores endothelial function in aorta of diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:424-37. [PMID: 21250975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of metformin, an antidiabetic agent that improves insulin sensitivity, on endothelial function have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to assess the effect of metformin on impaired endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammation and advanced glycation end products formation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of nonobese type 2 diabetes, fed with normal and high-fat diet during 4 months were treated with metformin for 4 weeks before evaluation. Systemic oxidative stress, endothelial function, insulin resistance, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, glycation and vascular oxidative stress were determined in the aortic rings of the different groups. A pro-inflammatory biomarker the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS High-fat fed GK rats with hyperlipidaemia showed increased vascular and systemic oxidative stress and impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. Metformin treatment significantly improved glycation, oxidative stress, CCL2 levels, NO bioavailability and insulin resistance and normalized endothelial function in aorta. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin restores endothelial function and significantly improves NO bioavailability, glycation and oxidative stress in normal and high-fat fed GK rats. This supports the concept of the central role of metformin as a first-line therapeutic to treat diabetic patients in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Velmurugan GV, White C. Calcium homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells is altered in type 2 diabetes by Bcl-2 protein modulation of InsP3R calcium release channels. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H124-34. [PMID: 22037186 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00218.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the extent to which the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) contribute to diabetic Ca(2+) dysregulation and vessel contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through their interaction with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) intracellular Ca(2+) release channels. Measurements of intracellular ([Ca(2+)](i)) and sarcoplasmic reticulum ([Ca(2+)](SR)) calcium concentrations were made in primary cells isolated from diabetic (db/db) and nondiabetic (db/m) mice. In addition, [Ca(2+)](i) and constriction were recorded simultaneously in isolated intact arteries. Protein expression levels of Bcl-x(L) but not Bcl-2 were elevated in VSMCs isolated from db/db compared with db/m age-matched controls. In single cells, InsP(3)-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) signaling was enhanced in VSMCs from db/db mice compared with db/m. This was attributed to alterations in the intrinsic properties of the InsP(3)R itself because there were no differences between db/db and db/m in the steady-state [Ca(2+)](SR) or InsP(3)R expression levels. Moreover, in permeabilized cells the rate of InsP(3)R-dependent SR Ca(2+) release was increased in db/db compared with db/m VSMCs. The enhanced InsP(3)-dependent SR Ca(2+) release was attenuated by the Bcl-2 protein inhibitor ABT-737 only in diabetic cells. Application of ABT-737 similarly attenuated enhanced agonist-induced [Ca(2+)](i) signaling only in intact aortic and mesenteric db/db vessels. In contrast, ABT-737 had no effect on agonist-evoked contractility in either db/db or db/m vessels. Taken together, the data suggest that in type 2 diabetes the mechanism for [Ca(2+)](i) dysregulation in VSMCs involves Bcl-2 protein-dependent increases in InsP(3)R excitability and that dysregulated [Ca(2+)](i) signaling does not appear to contribute to increased vessel reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal V Velmurugan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
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Cho YR, Choi SW, Seo DW. Sepiapterin regulates cell proliferation and migration: its association with integrin α3β1 and p53 in human lung cancer cells. Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in diabetic patients. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:941868. [PMID: 22007193 PMCID: PMC3191828 DOI: 10.1155/2012/941868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. The key roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the progression of vascular complications of this disease are well recognized. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence confirms that physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance and type II diabetes. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiological pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus and then discusses the impact of exercise on these systems. In this regard, we discuss exercise induced activation of cellular antioxidant systems through “nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor.” We also discuss anti-inflammatory myokines, which are produced and released by contracting muscle fibers. Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and chaperon effects of exercise-induced heat shock proteins are also reviewed.
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Inhibitory effects of sepiapterin on vascular endothelial growth factor-a-induced proliferation and adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1571-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Interferon-gamma induced adipose tissue inflammation is linked to endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1135-45. [PMID: 21826531 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) has previously been associated with immuno-mediated inflammation in diet-induced obesity and type 1 diabetes. This study sought to define the role of IFNγ-induced adipose tissue inflammation in endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. We examined mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation, and endothelial function of small mesenteric artery (SMA) in control mice (m Lepr(db)), diabetic mice (Lepr(db)), m Lepr(db) treated with IFNγ, and Lepr(db) treated with anti-IFNγ or anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (anti-MCP-1). mRNA and protein expression of IFNγ and MCP-1 were increased in MAT of Lepr(db), accompanied by increased T-lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Anti-IFNγ reduced MAT inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression in Lepr(db), while IFNγ treatment showed the opposite effects in m Lepr(db). Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation of SMA was impaired in Lepr(db) versus m Lepr(db), but sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasorelaxation was comparable. Both anti-IFNγ and anti-MCP-1 improved endothelial function of Lepr(db), while IFNγ treatment impaired endothelial function of m Lepr(db). Superoxide production was higher in both MAT and SMA of Lepr(db) mice, and anti-IFNγ reduced MAT and SMA superoxide production. Macrophage accumulation in the adventitia of SMA, and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in SMA were increased in Lepr(db) and IFNγ-treated m Lepr(db), but reduced in anti-IFNγ treated Lepr(db). These findings suggest IFNγ has a key role in the regulation of visceral adipose tissue inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Increased expression of the tail-anchored membrane protein SLMAP in adipose tissue from type 2 Tally Ho diabetic mice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:421982. [PMID: 21785580 PMCID: PMC3137969 DOI: 10.1155/2011/421982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tail-anchored membrane protein, sarcolemmal membrane associated protein (SLMAP) is encoded to a single gene that maps to the chromosome 3p14 region and has also been reported in certain diabetic populations. Our previous studies with db/db mice shown that a deregulation of SLMAP expression plays an important role in type 2 diabetes. Male Tally Ho mice were bred to present with either normoglycemia (NG) or hyperglycemia (HG). Abdominal adipose tissue from male Tally Ho mice of the HG group was found to have a significantly lower expression of the membrane associated glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and higher expression of SLMAP compared to tissue from NG mice. There were 3 isoforms expressed in the abdominal adipose tissue, but only 45 kDa isoform of SLMAP was associated with the GLUT-4 revealed by immunoprecipitation data. Knock down studies using SLMAP siRNA with adipocytes resulted in a significant reduction in SLMAP and a decrease in glucose uptake. Thus, SLMAP may be an important regulator of glucose uptake or involved in GLUT-4 fusion/translocation into the plasma membrane of mouse abdominal adipose tissue and changes in SLMAP expression are linked to hyperglycemia and diabetes.
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Félétou M. The Endothelium, Part I: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells -- Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive Mediators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4199/c00031ed1v01y201105isp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sallam N, Fisher A, Golbidi S, Laher I. Weight and inflammation are the major determinants of vascular dysfunction in the aortae of db/db mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:483-92. [PMID: 21374070 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key roles that obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress play in the progression of diabetes vascular complications are well recognized; however, the relative contribution and importance of these individual factors remain uncertain. At 6, 10, or 14 weeks old, blood samples and thoracic aortae were collected from db/db mice and their non-diabetic controls. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, 8-isoprostane, CRP, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL as markers of glycemic status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, respectively. The responses of the aortic rings to high KCl, phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside were examined. Statistical methods were used to estimate the strength of the association between plasma variables and vascular functions. Systemic inflammation occurred in db/db mice at an earlier age than did hyperglycemia or oxidative stress. Aortae of db/db showed augmented contractions to PE which were positively correlated with weight, plasma glucose, 8-isoprostane, and CRP. Also, db/db mice showed impaired endothelium-dependent ACh vasorelaxation which was negatively correlated with weight, plasma glucose, and 8-isoprostane. Multivariate analysis and stepwise modeling show that CRP is the major determinant of the contractile responses, while weight and HDL are the major determinants of ACh-induced relaxation. Among the traditional risk factors of obesity, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, our study reveals that weight and inflammation are the major determinants of vascular dysfunction in the aortae of db/db mice. Our findings partially resolve the complexity of diabetes vasculopathies and suggest targeting weight loss and inflammation for effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Sallam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gao X, Martinez-Lemus LA, Zhang C. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and diabetes. World J Cardiol 2011; 3:25-31. [PMID: 21286215 PMCID: PMC3030734 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role as a barrier between blood and tissues, the vascular endothelium is responsible for the synthesis and released of a number of vasodilators including prostaglandins, nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). As one of these vasodilators, the specific nature of EDHF has not been fully elucidated, although a number of roles have been proposed. Importantly, many conditions, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion and diabetes mellitus comprise vascular endothelial dysfunction with EDHF dysregulation. This article reviews reports on the role of EDHF in diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Xue Gao, Department of Physiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Abstract
The stimulation of thromboxane/endoperoxide receptors (TP) elicits diverse physiological/pathophysiological reactions, including platelet aggregation and contraction of vascular smooth muscle. Furthermore, the activation of endothelial TP promotes the expression of adhesion molecules and favors adhesion and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages. In various cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction is predominantly the result of the release of endothelium-derived contracting factors that counteract the vasodilator effect of nitric oxide produced by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Endothelium-dependent contractions involve the activation of cyclooxygenases, the production of reactive oxygen species along with that of endothelium-derived contracting factors, which diffuse toward the vascular smooth muscle cells and activate their TP. TP antagonists curtail the endothelial dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, are potent antithrombotic agents, and reduce vascular inflammation. Therefore, TP antagonists, because of this triple activity, may have a unique potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Triggle CR, Ding H. A review of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: a focus on the contribution of a dysfunctional eNOS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:102-15. [PMID: 20470995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of vascular dysfunction in diabetes has been extensively investigated in both humans as well as animal models of human diabetes, the relative importance of the cellular pathways involved is still not fully understood. In this review, we focus on reviewing the literature that provides insights into how an acute exposure to hyperglycemia results in a dysregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase function, the subsequent downstream effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysregulation, and the development of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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Impairment of baroreflex control of heart rate and structural changes of cardiac ganglia in conscious streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Auton Neurosci 2010; 155:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Hydroethidine- and MitoSOX-derived red fluorescence is not a reliable indicator of intracellular superoxide formation: another inconvenient truth. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:983-1001. [PMID: 20116425 PMCID: PMC3587154 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroethidine (HE; or dihydroethidium) is the most popular fluorogenic probe used for detecting intracellular superoxide radical anion. The reaction between superoxide and HE generates a highly specific red fluorescent product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). In biological systems, another red fluorescent product, ethidium, is also formed, usually at a much higher concentration than 2-OH-E(+). In this article, we review the methods to selectively detect the superoxide-specific product (2-OH-E(+)) and the factors affecting its levels in cellular and biological systems. The most important conclusion of this review is that it is nearly impossible to assess the intracellular levels of the superoxide-specific product, 2-OH-E(+), using confocal microscopy or other fluorescence-based microscopic assays and that it is essential to measure by HPLC the intracellular HE and other oxidation products of HE, in addition to 2-OH-E(+), to fully understand the origin of red fluorescence. The chemical reactivity of mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX red) with superoxide is similar to the reactivity of HE with superoxide, and therefore, all of the limitations attributed to the HE assay are applicable to Mito-HE (or MitoSOX) as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Endothelial dysfunction enhances vasoconstriction due to scavenging of nitric oxide by a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier. Anesthesiology 2010; 112:586-94. [PMID: 20179495 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3181cd7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is no safe and effective hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) to substitute for erythrocyte transfusion. It is uncertain whether a deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability (endothelial dysfunction) prevents or augments HBOC-induced vasoconstriction. METHODS Hemodynamic effects of infusion of PolyHeme (1.08 g hemoglobin/kg; Northfield Laboratories, Evanston, IL) or murine tetrameric hemoglobin (0.48 g hemoglobin/kg) were determined in awake healthy lambs, awake mice, and anesthetized mice. In vitro, a cumulative dose-tension response was obtained by sequential addition of PolyHeme or tetrameric hemoglobin to phenylephrine-precontracted murine aortic rings. RESULTS Infusion of PolyHeme did not cause systemic hypertension in awake lambs but produced acute systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction. Infusion of PolyHeme did not cause systemic hypertension in healthy wild-type mice but induced severe systemic vasoconstriction in mice with endothelial dysfunction (either db/db mice or high-fat fed wild-type mice for 4-6 weeks). The db/db mice were more sensitive to systemic vasoconstriction than wild-type mice after the infusion of either tetrameric hemoglobin or PolyHeme. Murine aortic ring studies confirmed that db/db mice have an impaired response to an endothelial-dependent vasodilator and an enhanced vasoconstrictor response to HBOC. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in low molecular weight hemoglobin concentrations to less than 1% is insufficient to abrogate the vasoconstrictor effects of HBOC infusion in healthy awake sheep or in mice with reduced vascular nitric oxide levels associated with endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggest that testing HBOCs in animals with endothelial dysfunction can provide a more sensitive indication of their potential vasoconstrictor effects.
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Bunker AK, Arce-Esquivel AA, Rector RS, Booth FW, Ibdah JA, Laughlin MH. Physical activity maintains aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation in the obese type 2 diabetic OLETF rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1889-901. [PMID: 20304812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01252.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that physical activity can attenuate the temporal decline of ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation during type 2 diabetes mellitus progression in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat. Sedentary OLETF rats exhibited decreased ACh-induced abdominal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation from 13 to 20 wk of age (20-35%) and from 13 to 40 wk of age (35-50%). ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was maintained in the physically active OLETF group and control sedentary Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) group from 13 to 40 wk of age. Aortic pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), indomethacin (Indo), and l-NNA + Indo did not alter the temporal decline in ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Temporal changes in the protein expression of SOD isoforms in the aortic endothelium or smooth muscle did not contribute to the temporal decline in ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in sedentary OLETF rats. A significant increase in the 40-wk-old sedentary LETO and physically active OLETF rat aortic phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide (p-eNOS)-to-eNOS ratio was observed versus 13- and 20-wk-old rats in each group that was not seen in the 40- versus 13- and 20-wk-old sedentary OLETF rats. These results suggest that temporal changes in the antioxidant system, EDHF, and cycloxygenase metabolite production in sedentary OLETF rat aortas do not contribute to the temporal decline in sedentary OLETF rat aortic ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation seen with type 2 diabetes mellitus progression. We also report that physical activity in conjunction with aging in the OLETF rat results in a temporal increase in the aortic endothelial p-eNOS-to-eNOS ratio that was not seen in sedentary OLETF rats. These results suggest that the sustained aortic ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in aged physically active OLETF rats may be the result of an increase in active aortic eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Bunker
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Bldg., 1600 E. Rollins Rd., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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