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Grillo R, Khemiss M, da Silva YS. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Waterpipe on Oral Health Status: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2023; 23:5-12. [PMID: 36865434 PMCID: PMC9974039 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.6.2022.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts of waterpipe smoking on oral health. The databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Dimensions were searched to find studies evaluating whether waterpipe smokers exhibited any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on their oral cells compared to non-smokers, with regard to mouth neoplasms. Particularly, changes in DNA methylation and p53 expression were assessed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were adopted for the systematic review. Review Manager was utilised for statistical analysis with a significance level at P <0.05. To assess the grades of the included articles, a risk of bias analysis was summarised. A forest plot, including some of the included articles included, was created regarding the different grades. A total of 20 studies were included in this review. The results showed that waterpipe smoking has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on oral cells, with a risk difference of 0.16. Although the published articles are few in number, all confirm the devastating effects of waterpipe smoking related to the carcinogenicity. Waterpipe smoking is harmful to oral health. It causes a series of detrimental cellular and genetic modifications such as acanthosis, epithelial dysplasia and hyperparakeratosis. In addition, waterpipe smoke contains several carcinogenic compounds. As it releases many harmful organic compounds, waterpipe smoking increases the incidence of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Grillo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mehdi Khemiss
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yuri S. da Silva
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UniFG University Center, Guanambi, Brazil
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Ramamurthy PH, Fernandes BA, Tegginamani AS, Rath A, Sidhu P, Bin Zamzuri AT. Clinical and cytological findings in oral cavity of young shisha smokers and non-smokers – a comparative study. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2021050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Shisha, a form of smoking tobacco is known to be detrimental to oral health. Yet, the effects of shisha on oral health is not well documented. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the clinical and cytological findings in oral cavity of young shisha smokers as compared to non-smokers. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was undertaken among 60 subjects including 30 young shisha smokers and 30 non-smokers. Clinical examination was carried out to record gingival status, periodontal status, oral hygiene and dental caries experience. Exfoliative cytology was used to study the cytological changes of buccal mucosal cells. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Student’s t-test, Fisher’s exact test and odd’s ration was used for comparison. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to proportion of subjects with gingivitis (p = 0.071), erosion (p = 0.085) and dental caries experience (p = 0.329). However, shisha smokers had poorer oral hygiene and more severe gingival inflammation as compared to non-smokers with p = 0.026 and p = 0.007 respectively. The odds of having atypical cells in oral mucosa among shisha smokers was 3.76 times higher than the non-smokers. Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that young shisha smokers had more atypical cells in oral mucosa as compared to their non-smoking counterparts. However, longitudinal studies are needed to affirm the findings of this study.
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El-Shahawy O, Labib K, Stevens E, Kahn LG, Anwar W, Oncken C, Loney T, Sherman SE, Mead-Morse EL. Exclusive and Dual Cigarette and Hookah Smoking Is Associated with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes among Pregnant Women in Cairo, Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412974. [PMID: 34948585 PMCID: PMC8701206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence of prenatal smoking, factors associated with prenatal smoking, and its association with birth outcomes in a sample of pregnant women in Egypt. Pregnant women were recruited during their last trimester from antenatal clinics in Cairo from June 2015 to May 2016. Participants completed an interviewer-administered survey that assessed tobacco use and attitudes, and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) was measured. Gestational age at delivery and offspring birth weight were collected via a postnatal phone interview. Two hundred pregnant women ages 16–37 years participated. More than a quarter (29.0%) of women reported smoking (cigarettes, hookah, or both) during their current pregnancy, and hookah was more popular than cigarettes. Most women who smoked prior to their current pregnancy either maintained their current smoking habits (46.6%) or switched from dual to hookah-only smoking (46.6%). Current smokers during pregnancy had a higher mean (±SD) exhaled CO level (2.97 ± 1.45 vs. 0.25 ± 0.60 ppm, p < 0.001) and had babies with a lower mean birth weight (2583 ± 300 vs. 2991 ± 478 g, p < 0.001) than non-smokers. Smokers during pregnancy had greater odds of premature birth and/or low birth weight babies compared to non-smokers. Dual cigarette-hookah smokers had the highest risk. Additional focused programs are required to prevent women of childbearing age from initiating tobacco use and empower women to stop tobacco use during the preconception and gestational periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El-Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (E.S.); (S.E.S.)
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-646-501-3587
| | - Kareem Labib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt;
| | - Elizabeth Stevens
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (E.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Linda G. Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Wagida Anwar
- Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt;
| | - Cheryl Oncken
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (C.O.); (E.L.M.-M.)
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Scott E. Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (E.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Erin L. Mead-Morse
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (C.O.); (E.L.M.-M.)
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Peri-implant parameters and bone metabolic markers among water-pipe users treated with photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102655. [PMID: 34852310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of peri‑implantitis among waterpipe smokers (WPS) and non-smokers with peri‑implantitis MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were stratified into two groups. Group 1: Subjects who smoked water pipes for the last 2 years with peri‑implant disease were treated with aPDT adjunct to MD and group 2: Participants who did not use water pipes in the last 2 years but have periimplantitis (controls) were treated with MD only. Participants were scrutinized with peri‑implantitis (PI) in one dental implant at least based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using structured questionnaire information was gathered from participants. All participants underwent mechanical debridement (MD). Participants of WPS underwent antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Peri implant inflammatory parameters (PI, BI, PD, and CBL) were assessed in all participant at baseline, 3 months and 6 months follow-up. Periimplant sulcular fluid was collected for assessment of bone metabolic biomarkers RANK-L and OPG. For immunological and clinical peri‑implant parameters analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. For multiple comparisons, Bonferroni post hoc test was deployed. RESULTS Clinical periodontal parameters at baseline were significantly different in the control group PI (49.8 ± 10.5), BI(46.8 ± 7.7), and PD (5.0 ± 1.8) compared to WPS PI (56.1 ± 12.0), BI (40.9 ± 8.3), and PD (5.6 ± 1.5) (p < 0.05). At 3 months follow-up after PDT, PI (19.1 ± 7.7) and PD (3.9 ± 1.4) were significantly lower in the control group compared to WPS group PI (23.5 ± 8.4) and PD (4.5 ± 1.2) (p < 0.05). Whereas, BI of control (16.3 ± 6.8) and WPS group (17.1 ± 5.3) at 3 months follow-up was comparable (p > 0.05). At six months follow up following PDT, PI (15.7 ± 5.5) and PD (3.4 ± 1.2) was significantly lower in the control group compared to participants with water piped users PI (18.6 ± 7.4) and PD (3.9 ± 1.3) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in BI in both groups (p > 0.05). Participants treated with PDT adjunct to MD demonstrated significantly reduced mean RANK-L levels at both 3 and 6 months (p<0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT adjunctive to MD improved periodontal parameters i.e., plaque index, pocket depth, and crestal bone loss along with metabolic marker RANK-L in water pipe smokers compared to non piped smokers.
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Babu N, Patil S, Mohan SV, Subbannayya T, Advani J, Datta KK, Rajagopalan P, Bhat FA, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Signaling alterations in oral keratinocytes in response to shisha and crude tobacco extract. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:459-469. [PMID: 33369783 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption in smoking and non-smoking forms has been consequential in the rise of oral cancer cases. Among different forms, epidemiological studies from Middle Eastern countries and rural parts of northern India have reported increasing association of oral cancer with waterpipe (hookah) smoking. However, molecular mechanisms and role played by waterpipe smoking in the onset of oral carcinogenesis remains unexplored. METHODS In this study, immortalized normal human oral keratinocytes were chronically treated with extracts of two varieties of waterpipe tobacco-crude tobacco and processed shisha. Phenotypic changes and molecular aberrations were examined using cell culture-based assays and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to analyze proteomics data and identify dysregulated pathways. RESULTS Our data indicate that chronic treatment with waterpipe tobacco extracts increased proliferation, invasion, migration, and significant dysregulation of protein expression in oral keratinocytes. Altered expression of proteins involved in interferon signaling pathway were observed with both varieties of tobacco. Overexpression of cholesterol metabolism and vesicle-mediated transport proteins were identified exclusively in cells treated with crude tobacco extract. Bioinformatics analyses revealed different oncogenic response in oral cells based on the type of waterpipe tobacco used. CONCLUSIONS This study may serve as a useful resource in understanding the early onset of oral cancer attributed to waterpipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonali V Mohan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Firdous Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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El Shahawy O, Park SH, Rogers ES, Shearston JA, Thompson AB, Cooper SC, Freudenberg N, Ball SA, Abrams D, Shelley D, Sherman SE. Hookah use patterns, social influence and associated other substance use among a sample of New York City public university students. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:65. [PMID: 32859230 PMCID: PMC7453717 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Most hookah use studies have not included racial and ethnic minorities which limits our understanding of its use among these growing populations. This study aimed to investigate the individual characteristics of hookah use patterns and associated risk behaviors among an ethnically diverse sample of college students. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 2460 students (aged 18–25) was conducted in 2015, and data was analyzed in 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to present the sociodemographic characteristics, hookah use-related behavior, and binge drinking and marijuana use according to the current hookah use group, including never, exclusive, dual/poly hookah use. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine how hookah related behavior and other risk behaviors varied by sociodemographics and hookah use patterns. Results Among current hookah users (n = 312), 70% were exclusive hookah users and 30% were dual/poly hookah users. There were no statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics except for race/ethnicity (p < 0.05). Almost half (44%) of the exclusive hookah users reported having at least five friends who also used hookah, compared to 30% in the dual/poly use group. Exclusive users were less likely to report past year binge drinking (17%) and past year marijuana use (25%) compared to those in the dual/poly use group (44 and 48% respectively); p < 0.001. Conclusions The socialization aspects of hookah smoking seem to be associated with its use patterns. Our study calls for multicomponent interventions designed to target poly tobacco use as well as other substance use that appears to be relatively common among hookah users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,NYU/Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. .,School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA.
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erin S Rogers
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
| | - Jenni A Shearston
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU/Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Azure B Thompson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Spring C Cooper
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Freudenberg
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA
| | - Samuel A Ball
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Abrams
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Donna Shelley
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Scott E Sherman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU/Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, USA
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Khan NA, Lawyer G, McDonough S, Wang Q, Kassem NO, Kas-Petrus F, Ye D, Singh KP, Kassem NO, Rahman I. Systemic biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue injury and repair among waterpipe, cigarette and dual tobacco smokers. Tob Control 2019; 29:s102-s109. [PMID: 31494573 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smoking is associated with deleterious effects on cardio-pulmonary systems which may have adverse repercussions in pathophysiology and progression of chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases. We compared the biomarkers of systemic inflammation, lipid mediators, injury/repair and oxidative stress between groups of non-smokers (NS), exclusive WPT smokers (WPS), exclusive cigarette smokers (CS) and dual WPS and CS (DS). METHODS Two cohorts were recruited. Cohort I consisted of WPS (n=12), CS (n=26), DS (n=10) and NS (n=25). Cohort II consisted of WPS (n=33) and NS (n=24). Plasma and urine samples were collected and analysed for various systemic biomarkers. RESULTS Compared with NS, plasma levels of inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were significantly higher in WPS and CS, and were further augmented in DS. Endothelial biomarkers (intracellular adhesion molecule-1, prostaglandin E-2 and metalloproteinase-9) were significantly higher in CS. Most notably, pro-resolving lipid mediator (resolvin E1) and biomarkers of immunity, tissue injury, and repair were significantly lower in WPS and CS. Urinary levels of 8-isoprostane were significantly higher in all smoking groups in cohort I, while 8-isoprostane, myeloperoxidase, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), En-RAGE and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly higher in all smoking groups in cohort II. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, immunity, tissue injury and repair were elevated in WPS and CS groups. Furthermore, concurrent use of WPT and cigarettes is more harmful than cigarette or WPT smoking alone. These data may help inform the public and policy-makers about the dangers of WPT smoking and dual use of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gina Lawyer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Samantha McDonough
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Noura O Kassem
- Hookah Studies Division, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Flora Kas-Petrus
- Hookah Studies Division, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nada Of Kassem
- Hookah Studies Division, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Baghani AN, Fazlzadeh M. Bioaerosols in the waterpipe cafés: genera, levels, and factors influencing their concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20297-20307. [PMID: 31098913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to assess the exposure to bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in the air of waterpipe cafés (AWPCs), in the hose of waterpipe (HWP), and in the water bowl of the waterpipe (WBWP) and to investigate the factors influence increasing the contamination levels in waterpipe cafés in Ardabil. From all the 50 cafés studied, the samples were taken from air and from water contained in water bowl and hose for bacterial and fungal analyses. The results demonstrated that the mean numbers of bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of café, hose, and water bowl were 33.90 ± 14.86 and 25.24 ± 1.99 CFU/m3, 72.16 ± 29.55 and 72.78 ± 42.45 CFU/plate, 53.7 ± 25.46 and 25.26 ± 13.94 CFU/ml, respectively. The predominant bacterial genera in waterpipe cafés were Pseudomonas and Bacillus in air, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the hose, and Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas in the water bowl, respectively. The predominant fungal species in waterpipe cafés were Penicillium and Cladosporium in air, yeast and Fusarium in the hose, and Paecilomyces and yeast in the water bowl, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the mean concentrations of bacterial aerosol and qualitative variables such as type of heating system, materials of wall and ceiling, traditional restaurants, interior supermarkets, moisturized walls, the number of people, area of cafés, and temperature. But there was no significant relationship between these variables and the mean concentration of fungal aerosols. The results also showed that the levels of bioaerosols were high in the air, hose, and water bowl of the waterpipe. Therefore, cafés can be a potential source for the transmission of pathogenic agents and increase the risk of respiratory diseases among waterpipe smoking individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzian Baghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Baalbaki R, Itani L, El Kebbi L, Dehni R, Abbas N, Farsakouri R, Awad D, Tannir H, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, El Ghoch M. Association Between Smoking Hookahs (Shishas) and Higher Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E23. [PMID: 31208138 PMCID: PMC6617155 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association has published a scientific statement on the effect of hookah smoking on health outcomes; nevertheless, hookah smoking continues to be popular worldwide, especially among the young. Recent reports mention a potential link between hookah smoking and obesity; however, uncertainties still surround this issue. The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review to clarify whether hookah smoking is associated with a higher risk of obesity among the general population. This study was conducted in compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and a narrative synthesis. Of the 818 articles retrieved, five large-population and low-bias studies comprising a total of 16,779 participants met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. All included studies reported that, regardless of gender, hookah smoking increases the risk of obesity among all ages and observed an association between the two after a correction for several confounders or reported a higher prevalence of obesity among hookah smokers. This was confirmed by the meta-analysis. Therefore, hookah smoking seems to be associated with a higher risk of obesity. Public health policymakers should be aware of this for the better management of obesity and weight-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Baalbaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Lara El Kebbi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Rawan Dehni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Nermine Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Razan Farsakouri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana Awad
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
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Khemiss M, Ben Fekih D, Ben Khelifa M, Ben Saad H. Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319839872. [PMID: 30902035 PMCID: PMC6440045 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319839872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the effects of narghile use on the periodontium present conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the periodontal status of exclusive narghile smokers (ENSs, n = 74) to that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECSs, n = 74). Males aged 20-40 years were recruited to participate in this comparative study. Information concerning oral health habits (number of yearly visits to the dentist, daily toothbrushing frequency) and tobacco exposure were obtained. Clinical measurements were performed on all the existing teeth, except the third molars. The number of remaining teeth and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were noted. The plaque levels were recorded using the plaque index of Löe and Silness. The gingival index modified by Löe was used to evaluate gingival inflammation. Teeth mobility was measured using bidigital mobility. The probing pocket depth was measured using a periodontal probe. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of at least 10 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm. Student's t and chi-square tests were used to compare, respectively, the two groups' quantitative and qualitative data. The two groups were matched for quantities of used tobacco, age, daily toothbrushing frequency, teeth mobility, number of remaining teeth, plaque index, and DMFT. Compared to the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly lower number of yearly visits to the dentist (mean ± SD: 0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2), lower probing pocket depth (mean ± SD: 2.33 ± 0.63 vs. 2.02 ± 0.80 mm), and gingival index (median [interquartile]: 0.46 [0.10-0.89] vs. 0.00 [0.00-0.50]), and it included significantly lower percentages of smokers with periodontal disease (24.3% vs. 9.5%). In conclusion, chronic exclusive narghile smoking has fewer adverse effects on the periodontium than chronic exclusive cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khemiss
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia,Research Laboratory N8 LR12SP10: Maxilla Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Ben Fekih
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Khelifa
- Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia,Research Laboratory N8 LR12SP10: Maxilla Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Tunisia,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia,Helmi Ben Saad, Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Rue Mohamed Karoui, Sousse, Tunisia.
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11
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Patil S, Awan KH, Arakeri G, Aljabab A, Ferrari M, Gomes CC, Gomez RS, Brennan PA. The relationship of “shisha” (water pipe) smoking to the risk of head and neck cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:278-283. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
- Division of Oral PathologyDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic SciencesCollege of DentistryJazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental MedicineRoseman University of Health Sciences South Jordan Utah
| | - Gururaj Arakeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKing Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNavodaya Dental College and Hospital Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Abdulsalam Aljabab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKing Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Carolina C. Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences InstituteUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and PathologyUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Peter A. Brennan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryQueen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK
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12
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Pratiti R, Mukherjee D. Epidemiology and Adverse Consequences of Hookah/Waterpipe Use: A Systematic Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2019; 17:82-93. [PMID: 31483237 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190904151856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hookah smoking is becoming a popular trend globally. Waterpipe smoking is the second most prevalent form of alternate tobacco products. The rapid increase in hookah use is because of the misconception prevalent in society that hookah smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Smoking ban policies had given impetus of switching from cigarette smoking to alternate tobacco products like waterpipe. Hookah users regard hookah to be more socially acceptable, less stigmatizing with flavors and to alleviate cigarette craving symptoms. Newer basic science research on animal models and human cells has shown consistently mutagenic, oxidative, and inflammatory changes that could cause possible health effects of premalignant oral lesion and chronic diseases like atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Studies on the chemistry of waterpipe smoke had shown alarming results with the smoke containing seven carcinogens, 39 central nervous system depressants, and 31 respiratory irritants. Enormous data exist showing waterpipe smoking causing various health effects. Hookah smoking effects on cardiovascular disease is additive with hookah containing a significant amount of nicotine, tar, and heavy metals causing both acute and chronic effects on the cardiovascular system. These effects include increased heart rate, blood pressure, prevalence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, ST-segment elevation myocardial ischemia, recurrent ischemia, and worse outcomes including mortality related to these diseases. The objectives of the review are to assess the factor associated with the increasing use of hookah, its health effects, options for hookah smoking cessation, and public health policy initiatives to mitigate waterpipe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pratiti
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MA 48532, United States
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Department of Internal Medicine, El Paso, TX 79905, United States
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13
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Al-Sowygh ZH, Aldamkh MK, Binmahfooz AM, Al-Aali KA, Akram Z, Qutub OA, Javed F, Abduljabbar T. Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never-smokers with peri-implantitis. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:72-77. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1449273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad H. Al-Sowygh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Kh. Aldamkh
- Ministry of Interior Medical Services, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M. Binmahfooz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama A. Qutub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Shakhatreh MAK, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Masadeh MM, Hussein EI, Bshara GN. Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking. Int J Gen Med 2018; 11:47-54. [PMID: 29440924 PMCID: PMC5799848 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s150553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking. Methods One hundred adult healthy subjects (59 waterpipe smokers and 41 non-smokers) were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity and subgingival regions. Standard culturing techniques were used to identify types, frequency, and mean number of microorganisms in cultures obtained from the subjects. Results It was notable that waterpipe smokers were significantly associated with a history of oral infections. In subgingiva, Acinetobacter and Moraxella species were present only in waterpipe smokers. In addition, the frequency of Candida albicans was higher in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.023) while the frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly lower in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.036). However, no change was observed in other tested bacteria, such as Campylobacter species; Viridans group streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In oral cavity and when colony-forming units were considered, the only bacterial species that showed significant difference were the black-pigmented bacteria (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides evidence indicating that some of the oral microflora is significantly altered by waterpipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Emad I Hussein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - George N Bshara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
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15
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Abduljabbar T, Akram Z, Vohra F, Warnakulasuriya S, Javed F. Assessment of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-Α levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid among waterpipe (narghile) smokers and never-smokers with peri-implantitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 20:144-150. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry; Ziauddin University; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Oral Medicine and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer; Kings College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry; Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester; Rochester New York
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16
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Ramôa CP, Eissenberg T, Sahingur SE. Increasing popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking and electronic cigarette use: Implications for oral healthcare. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:813-823. [PMID: 28393367 PMCID: PMC5585021 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing several systemic conditions including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Cigarette smoking is also detrimental to oral health as it increases the incidence and severity of oral cancer, periodontal diseases and peri-implantitis, as well as impacting negatively on the dental patients' response to therapy. Therefore, consideration of smoking behavior and recommendation of smoking cessation are important parts of dental treatment planning. However, cigarettes are no longer the most popular form of tobacco use among adolescents in the United States and globally. In recent years, tobacco smoking using a waterpipe ("hookah," "shisha") and use of electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) has increased significantly. Thus, dental clinicians likely will treat more patients who are waterpipe and/or ECIG users. Yet, the literature on the health effects of waterpipe and ECIGs use is sparse. Both waterpipe and ECIGs deliver the dependence-producing drug nicotine. Waterpipe tobacco smoking has been associated with periodontitis, dry socket, premalignant lesions, and oral and esophageal cancer. The health effects of long-term ECIG use are unknown. The purpose of this review is to inform healthcare professionals about waterpipes and ECIGs, highlight emerging evidence on the biological effects of these increasingly popular tobacco products, and introduce perspectives for dental patient management and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University
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17
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Raj AT, Patil S, Sarode S, Sarode G. Oral Health Hazards of Water Pipe Smoking: Current Evidence. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:539-540. [PMID: 28713104 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water pipe smoking (WPS) has been a traditional habit in the Middle Eastern Society for hundreds of years. The WPS users have a false sense of safety due to its casual use in social gatherings. It was estimated that about 70% of WPS users believe it to be a safe alternative to cigarette smoking.1 Further, the use of flavored tobacco has led to its growing popularity, especially among youngsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, e-mail:
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Maharashtra, India
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18
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Bayati M, Feyzabadi VY, Rashidian A. Geographical Disparities in the Health of Iranian Women: Health Outcomes, Behaviors, and Health-care Access Indicators. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:11. [PMID: 28348721 PMCID: PMC5353772 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_67_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's health is a key factor affecting the health of the whole population. Tackling inequality in determinants of health is recognized as the main path toward reducing the inequality in health outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the provincial inequality in determinants of women's health and health care in Iran. METHODS Using the Moss's model (2002) as a comprehensive framework of determinants of women's health, including "geopolitical environment," "culture, norms, sanctions," "women's roles in reproduction and production," "health-related mediators," and "health outcome" categories, we chose 13 indicators. Afterward, using data sources including the Iranian Multiple Indicators of Demographics and Health Survey, the National Organization for Civil Registration, and Statistics Centre of Iran, we analyzed provincial inequality in these indicators in Iran (2011). Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used for measuring inequality. RESULTS Gini coefficients calculated as follows; life satisfaction level (0.027), literate women (0.398), women with proper knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention (0.483), unemployed women (0.380), women without an income (0.384), women who use at least one type of mass media (0.389), women who used computer or internet (0.467), women who had received pregnancy care from a skill birth attendant (SBA) (0.420), women who had delivered with the help of an SBA (0.426), women who currently smoke cigarettes (0.603), women who currently consume hookah (0.561), women with at least one chronic disease (0.438), and women's deaths in 2010 and 2011 (0.393 and 0.359, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found large provincial disparities in determinants of women's health in Iran. Determinants such as lifestyle, health behavior, health knowledge, and health-care services availability should be considered by health policymakers in addressing the inequality in women's health at a provincial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bayati
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arash Rashidian
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Awan KH, Siddiqi K, Patil S, Hussain QA. Assessing the Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Cancer Outcome - a Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:495-502. [PMID: 28345836 PMCID: PMC5454749 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is widely believed to be a safe and hazard-free tobacco habit. However,
a number of studies have indicated that exposure to several toxicants and carcinogens through WPS is strongly related
to serious health hazards. The current paper presents a narrative review on the effects of WPS on cancer outcome.
Methods: The addressed focused question was “Is there an association between waterpipe smoking and cancer outcome?”
PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane databases were searched until June 2015 using the
key words “Waterpipe”, “Hookah”, “Narghileh”, “Shisha”, “Hubbly Bubbly” “cancer” in various combinations. Letters
to the Editor, review articles, case-reports and unpublished articles were excluded. Results: A total of 16 studies were
included: six on lung cancer, three on oesophageal cancer, two on gastric cancer, two on bladder cancer, and one each
on nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Our search did not yield any study that evaluated the risk of oral
cancer in WPS users. The available evidence showed a significant association of WPS with lung cancer (UOR 6.0, 95%
CI 1.78–20.26); however, no association was observed with bladder, nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and prostate cancers.
Gastric (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.7-7.1) and oesophageal cancers (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.41-2.44) were observed to have weak
associations with WPS. Conclusion: Regardless of the limitations, there is sufficient evidence to suggest associations
of WPS with cancer, particularly in the lung. Future well-designed studies are required to identify and quantify with
confidence all the health effects of this form of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah 84095, United States.
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20
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Vij N. Nano-based rescue of dysfunctional autophagy in chronic obstructive lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:483-489. [PMID: 27561233 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1223040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ΔF508-CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) is a common CF-mutation that is known to induce oxidative-inflammatory stress through activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces autophagy-impairment resulting in accumulation of CFTR in aggresome-bodies. Cysteamine, the reduced form of cystamine, is a FDA-approved drug that has anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and mucolytic properties. This drug has been shown in a recent clinical trial to decrease lung inflammation and improve lung function in CF patients by potentially restoring autophagy and allowing CFTR to be trafficked to the cell membrane. Areas covered: The delivery of cysteamine to airway epithelia of chronic subjects prerequisite the need for a delivery system to allow rescue of dysfunctional autophagy. Expert opinion: We anticipate based on our ongoing studies that PLGA-PEG- or Dendrimer-mediated cysteamine delivery could allow sustained airway delivery over standard cysteamine tablets or delay release capsules that are currently used for systemic treatment. In addition, proposed nano-based autophagy induction strategy can also allow rescue of cigarette smoke (CS) induced acquired-CFTR dysfunction seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-emphysema subjects. The CS induced acquired-CFTR dysfunction involves CFTR-accumulation in aggresome-bodies that can be rescued by an autophagy-inducing antioxidant drug, cysteamine. Moreover, chronic CS-exposure generates ROS that induces overall protein-misfolding and aggregation of ubiquitinated-proteins as aggresome-bodies via autophagy-impairment that can be also be resolved by treatment with autophagy-inducing antioxidant drug, cysteamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Vij
- a College of Medicine , Central Michigan University , Mount Pleasant , MI , USA.,b Department of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences , The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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21
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Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:760-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Masadeh MM, Hussein EI, Alzoubi KH, Khabour O, Shakhatreh MAK, Gharaibeh M. Identification, characterization and antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates obtained from waterpipe device hoses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5108-15. [PMID: 25985311 PMCID: PMC4454957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The general lack of knowledge about the health effects of waterpipe smoking is among the reasons for its global spread. In this study, bacterial contamination of waterpipe hoses was investigated. Twenty hoses were collected from waterpipe cafés and screened for bacterial pathogens using standard culture and isolation techniques. Additionally, resistance of isolated bacteria to common antibiotics was determined by identifying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate. Forty eight bacterial isolates were detected. Isolates included both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from species that included Micrococcus (12), Corynebacterium (13) and Bacillus (9). In addition, some of the detected pathogens were found to be resistant to aztreonam (79%), cefixime (79%), norfloxacin, amoxicillin (47%), clarithromycin (46%) and enrofloxacin (38%). In conclusion, the hose of the waterpipe device is a good environment for the growth of bacterial pathogens, which can then be transmitted to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Emad I Hussein
- Department of Biology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan:.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 41411, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhamad Ali K Shakhatreh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan:.
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Ishtiaque I, Shafique K, Ul-Haq Z, Shaikh AR, Khan NA, Memon AR, Mirza SS, Ishtiaque A. Water-pipe smoking and albuminuria: new dog with old tricks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85652. [PMID: 24465635 PMCID: PMC3894981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-pipe (WP) smoking is on rise worldwide for the past few years, particularly among younger individuals. Growing evidence indicates that WP smoking is as harmful as cigarette smoking. To date, most of the research has focused on acute health effects of WP smoking, and evidence remains limited when it comes to chronic health effects in relation to long-term WP smoking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between WP smoking and albuminuria in apparently healthy individuals. This analysis was conducted on data of a population-based cross-sectional study—the Urban Rural Chronic Diseases Study (URCDS). The study sample was recruited from three sites in Pakistan. Trained nurses carried out individual interviews and obtained the information on demographics, lifestyle factors, and past and current medical history. Measurements of complete blood count, lipid profile, fasting glucose level, and 24-hour albuminuria were also made by using blood and urine samples. Albumin excretion was classified into three categories using standard cut-offs: normal excretion, high-normal excretion and microalbuminuria. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between WP smoking and albuminuria. The final analysis included data from 1,626 health individuals, of which 829 (51.0%) were males and 797 (49.0%) females. Of 1,626 individuals, 267 (16.4%) were current WP smokers and 1,359 (83.6%) were non-WP smokers. WP smoking was significantly associated with high-normal albuminuria (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.68-3.22, p-value <0.001) and microalbuminuria (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.18-2.58, p-value 0.005) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, social class, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. WP smoking was significantly associated with high-normal albuminuria and microalbuminuria when analysis was stratified on hypertension and diabetes mellitus categories. WP smoking has a strong association with albuminuria in apparently healthy individuals. More research is warranted to evaluate the temporality of this association between WP smoking and albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ishtiaque
- University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shafique
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Shaikh
- Department of Community Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ali Khan
- Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Memon
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Saeed Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Jacob P, Abu Raddaha AH, Dempsey D, Havel C, Peng M, Yu L, Benowitz NL. Comparison of nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:765-72. [PMID: 23462922 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking tobacco preparations in a water pipe (hookah) is widespread in many places of the world and is perceived by many as relatively safe. We investigated biomarkers of toxicant exposure with water pipe compared with cigarette smoking. METHODS We conducted a crossover study to assess daily nicotine and carcinogen exposure with water pipe and cigarette smoking in 13 people who were experienced in using both products. RESULTS When smoking an average of 3 water pipe sessions compared with smoking 11 cigarettes per day (cpd), water pipe use was associated with a significantly lower intake of nicotine, greater exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), and a different pattern of carcinogen exposure compared with cigarette smoking, with greater exposure to benzene, and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), but less exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, and low molecular weight PAHs. CONCLUSIONS A different pattern of carcinogen exposure might result in a different cancer risk profile between cigarette and water pipe smoking. Of particular concern is the risk of leukemia related to high levels of benzene exposure with water pipe use. IMPACT Smoking tobacco in water pipes has gained popularity in the United States and around the world. Many believe that water pipe smoking is not addictive and less harmful than cigarette smoking. We provide data on toxicant exposure that will help guide regulation and public education regarding water pipe health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Jacob
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, Building 100, Room 235, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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La patologia orale tabacco-correlata. DENTAL CADMOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(13)70007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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WITHDRAWN: La patologia orale tabacco-correlata. DENTAL CADMOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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