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Dludla PV, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Muvhulawa N, Moetlediwa MT, Nkambule BB, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Hlengwa N, Hanser S, Ndwandwe D, Marnewick JL, Basson AK, Tiano L. Bioactive Properties, Bioavailability Profiles, and Clinical Evidence of the Potential Benefits of Black Pepper ( Piper nigrum) and Red Pepper ( Capsicum annum) against Diverse Metabolic Complications. Molecules 2023; 28:6569. [PMID: 37764345 PMCID: PMC10534530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of food-derived products, including the regular intake of pepper, is increasingly evaluated for its potential benefits in protecting against diverse metabolic complications. The current study made use of prominent electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to retrieve clinical evidence linking the intake of black and red pepper with the amelioration of metabolic complications. The findings summarize evidence supporting the beneficial effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), including its active ingredient, piperine, in improving blood lipid profiles, including reducing circulating levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight and obese individuals. The intake of piperine was also linked with enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by increasing serum levels of superoxide dismutase while reducing those of malonaldehyde and C-reactive protein in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Evidence summarized in the current review also indicates that red pepper (Capsicum annum), together with its active ingredient, capsaicin, could promote energy expenditure, including limiting energy intake, which is likely to contribute to reduced fat mass in overweight and obese individuals. Emerging clinical evidence also indicates that pepper may be beneficial in alleviating complications linked with other chronic conditions, including osteoarthritis, oropharyngeal dysphagia, digestion, hemodialysis, and neuromuscular fatigue. Notably, the beneficial effects of pepper or its active ingredients appear to be more pronounced when used in combination with other bioactive compounds. The current review also covers essential information on the metabolism and bioavailability profiles of both pepper species and their main active ingredients, which are all necessary to understand their potential beneficial effects against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (N.M.); (D.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.H.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.); (P.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.); (P.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.); (P.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.); (P.O.); (L.T.)
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (N.M.); (D.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (S.E.M.-M.)
| | - Marakiya T. Moetlediwa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (S.E.M.-M.)
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (M.T.M.); (S.E.M.-M.)
| | - Nokulunga Hlengwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.H.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (N.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (N.H.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.); (S.S.); (P.O.); (L.T.)
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Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E. Capsaicin: A Potential Treatment to Improve Cerebrovascular Function and Cognition in Obesity and Ageing. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061537. [PMID: 36986266 PMCID: PMC10057869 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognition is the primary symptom of dementia, which can lead to functional disability and reduced quality of life among an increasingly ageing population. Ageing is associated with increased oxidative stress, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which reduces cerebrovascular function leading to cognitive decline. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions, such as obesity, exacerbate this decline beyond normal ageing and predispose individuals to neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Capsaicin, the major pungent molecule of chilli, has recently demonstrated improvements in cognition in animal models via activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1). Capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activation reduces adiposity, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as improves endothelial function, all of which are associated with cerebrovascular function and cognition. This review examines the current literature on capsaicin and Capsimax, a capsaicin supplement associated with reduced gastrointestinal irritation compared to capsaicin. Acute and chronic capsaicin treatment can improve cognition in animals. However, studies adequately assessing the effects of capsaicin on cerebrovascular function, and cognition in humans do not exist. Capsimax may be a potentially safe therapeutic intervention for future clinical trials testing the effects of capsaicin on cerebrovascular function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Thornton
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
| | - Dean Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Edward Bliss
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
- Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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Acute Supplementation with Capsaicin Enhances Upper-Limb Performance in Male Jiu-Jitsu Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10080120. [PMID: 36006086 PMCID: PMC9415344 DOI: 10.3390/sports10080120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether acute capsaicin (CAP) supplementation improves mean power output (MPO) and peak velocity (PV) during the performance of the free bench press exercise (FBP). Twelve (n = 12) male Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes (age: 24.3 ± 1.5 years, height: 1.74 ± 0.1 m, body mass: 75.7 ± 10.1 kg) participated in this randomized, placebo (PLA)-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. For each condition, 45 min after CAP (12 mg purified) or PLA (12 mg of Celulomax E) consumption, the participants performed four sets of five repetitions of FBP at a load of 60% of body mass with five-min rest intervals. The MPO (t = 5.6, df = 11, p = 0.001, EF = 0.3, IC 95% = −0.55 to 1.05) and PV (t = 5.4, df = 11, p = 0.001, EF = 0.5, IC 95% = −0.32 to 1.30) were significantly higher with CAP supplementation versus PLA. Acute CAP supplementation appears to improve MPO and PV during FBP in male BJJ athletes.
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Clark JE, Welch S. Comparing effectiveness of fat burners and thermogenic supplements to diet and exercise for weight loss and cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2021; 27:445-459. [PMID: 33427571 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020982362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Those who are overfat face an onslaught of advice for losing weight, including using dietary supplements that purport to have fat burning capabilities to achieve a reduced body mass, fat mass and improvement in cardiometabolic health in combination with exercise or diet and exercise regimens. AIM To examine long-term effectiveness of supplements for both weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic health for these individuals. METHODS A PRISMA methods of systematic review was conducted from August 2018 through January 2019 using Medline, PubChem, PubMed, EBOSCO CINHAL and SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar yielding 23,441 returns of which 21 studies (duration greater than 8 weeks with participant populations of BMI greater than 24.9) were included for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis examined pooled effect size and 95% confidence interval for: body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, resting metabolic rate. Intra-study effect sizes were compared with previously reported results for diet or diet and exercise in a 2x2 chi-square analysis for the number of studies that induced effects greater than or less than the effect size. RESULTS There is a general trend to show effectiveness (effect size greater than 0.00) for obtaining beneficial changes from use of thermogenic dietary supplements, yet the 95% confidence interval for effect size crossed 0.00 (indicating no benefit). Chi-square comparison to exercise, or combination of diet and exercise, indicates that responses induced from weight-loss supplements were less effective than what is obtained from utilizing exercise, or diet and exercise, without additional weight-loss supplements. CONCLUSION There appears to be limited benefit that may be derived from the inclusion of thermogenic dietary supplements to reduce body mass and improve cardiometabolic health for individuals who are overfat.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Clark
- Scientific Health: Education and Human Performance, Brentwood, CA, USA.,Los Medanos College Brentwood Center, Brentwood, USA
| | - Sarah Welch
- Scientific Health: Education and Human Performance, Brentwood, CA, USA
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Hwang D, Seo JB, Kim J, Lim K. Effect of mild-intensity exercise training with capsiate intake on fat deposition and substrate utilization during exercise in diet-induced obese mice. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:1-6. [PMID: 33108711 PMCID: PMC7669466 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While the anti-obesity effects of exercise and capsiate are well-observed individually, the effect of exercise with capsiate intake has not been systematically explored yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake. Methods 8-week-old male mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sedentary group (SED; nontrained), exercise-trained group (EXE) and exercisetrained group with 10 mg/kg of capsiate intake (EXE+CAP). All mice were offered high-fat diet and water ad libitum. The mild-intensity treadmill training was conducted 5 times a week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolism during exercise and abdominal fat weight were measured. Results Body weight and the rate of total abdominal fat were significantly less in EXE+CAP than in SED but not between EXE and SED. The average of respiratory exchange rate during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.025). Likewise, the fat oxidation during exercise was significantly much higher in EXE+SED (p = 0.016) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.045). Then, the carbohydrate oxidation during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.028). Conclusion In conclusion, the anti-obesity functions of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake by increasing fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, we suggest that capsiate could be a candidate supplement which can additively ameliorate obesity when combined with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Beom Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University. Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu S, Pan H, Tan S, Ding C, Huang G, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. In vitro inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid and in vivo pharmacokinetics of chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS). Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331658. [PMID: 28659743 PMCID: PMC5475299 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and capsaicin are compounds extracted from natural products and have been indicated to lower body weight and prevent fatty liver. However, their applications are limited by poor oral bioavailability, low compliance and some serious side effects. To solve these problems, we successfully prepared chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS) in previous study. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of CTMS and CCMS to eliminate lipid accumulation in hepatocytesand also characterized their pharmacokinetic parameters after administration. The results showed that the two microspheres could significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation and dose-dependently improve the triglyceride (TG) content in HepG2 cells. A pharmacokinetic study indicated that CTMS and CCMS were distributed in almost all of the measured tissues, especially liver and kidney, and that their absorption was better than those of chitosan and capsaicin. Simultaneously, the prolonged circulating half-lives, the lower clearance and higher plasma concentration of CTMS and CCMS showed that their bioavailability was effectively enhanced. All of the results indicated that the lipid accumulation inhibition of CTMS and CCMS was better than that of chitosan and capsaicin, and that these microspheres can be developed as preventive agents for fatty liver or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Wu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational-Technical School, Guangzhou, China.,Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sirong Tan
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Huang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Taghizadeh M, Farzin N, Taheri S, Mahlouji M, Akbari H, Karamali F, Asemi Z. The Effect of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea, Capsaicin and Ginger Extracts on Weight Loss and Metabolic Profiles in Overweight Women: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2017; 70:277-285. [PMID: 28595182 DOI: 10.1159/000471889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplements containing green tea, capsaicin and ginger extracts on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight women. METHODS This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was implemented among 50 overweight women. Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A received dietary supplements containing 125 mg green tea, 25 mg capsaicin and 50 mg ginger extracts (n = 25) group B received placebos (n = 25) twice with lunch and twice with dinner daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS Compared with placebo, taking dietary supplements containing green tea, capsaicin and ginger resulted in a significant decrease in weight (-1.8 ± 1.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.2 kg, respectively, p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI; -0.7 ± 0.5 vs. +0.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, subjects who received green tea, capsaicin and ginger co-supplements had significantly decreased serum insulin concentrations (-2.6 ± 3.9 vs. -0.6 ± 2.0 µIU/mL, p = 0.02), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.5 ± 0.8 vs. -0.05 ± 0.6, p = 0.01), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01 vs. +0.001 ± 0.01, p = 0.008) and plasma glutathione (GSH) levels (+73.8 ± 120.6 vs. -28.3 ± 193.4 µmol/L, p = 0.03) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that taking green tea, capsaicin and ginger co-supplements for 8 weeks among overweight women had beneficial effects on weight, BMI, markers of insulin metabolism and plasma GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Clavijo-Baquet S, Cumplido N, Bozinovic F. Resting Metabolic Rate Is Positively Correlated with Parental Care Behavior in a Dwarf Hamster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 325:274-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Clavijo-Baquet
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Casilla Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ecología; Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Nicolás Cumplido
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Casilla Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología; Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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TRPV1 Agonist Monoacylglycerol Increases UCP1 Content in Brown Adipose Tissue and Suppresses Accumulation of Visceral Fat in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:904-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bergstrom HC, Housh TJ, Traylor DA, Lewis RW, Cochrane KC, Jenkins NDM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Cramer JT. Metabolic, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses to a thermogenic nutritional supplement at rest, during exercise, and recovery in men. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:2154-63. [PMID: 24513614 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one men (mean ± SD; age = 23.5 ± 2.6 years, BMI = 26.0 ± 2.4 kg-1·m-2) completed this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study to examine acute responses to a thermogenic nutritional supplement. Each testing session included: (a) 30 minutes resting, followed by placebo or thermogenic nutritional supplementation, (b) 50 minutes postsupplementation resting, (c) 60 minutes walking, and (d) 50 minutes postexercise recovery. Gas exchange variables and heart rate (HR) were recorded during each phase. Blood pressure was recorded during all phases except exercise. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded only during exercise. There were no significant differences for any of the measures between the supplement and placebo during the initial resting or postsupplementation phases. During exercise, energy expenditure (EE) (placebo = 18.98-19.06 kJ·min-1 and supplement = 19.44-19.82 kJ·min-1) and VO2 (placebo = 11.27-11.35 ml·kg-1·min-1; supplement = 11.64-11.82 ml·kg-1·min-1) were greater for the supplement than placebo. There were no differences in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), HR, or RPE between the supplement and placebo during exercise. Postexercise, only VO2 (placebo = 3.53-3.63 ml·kg-1·min-1; supplement = 3.71-3.84 ml·kg-1·min-1) was greater for the supplement than placebo, but there were no differences in EE, RER, HR, or blood pressure. These findings suggested that the specific blend of ingredients in the thermogenic nutritional supplement, when combined with exercise, increased the metabolic rate with minimal changes in cardiovascular function and no effect on RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C Bergstrom
- 1Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska; and 2College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Effects of commercially available dietary supplements on resting energy expenditure: a brief report. ISRN NUTRITION 2014; 2014:650264. [PMID: 24967272 PMCID: PMC4045300 DOI: 10.1155/2014/650264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available dietary products advertised to promote weight loss are an underresearched but heavily purchased commodity in the United States. Despite only limited evidence, interest in dietary supplements continues to increase. This work uniquely summarizes the current evidence evaluating the efficacy of several over-the-counter thermogenic products for their effects on resting energy expenditure. Currently, there is some evidence suggesting dietary products containing select ingredients can increase energy expenditure in healthy young people immediately following consumption (within 6 hours). It is unclear if supplement-induced increases in metabolic rate provide additional benefit beyond that provided by dietary constituents that contain similar ingredients. It is also unclear if dietary supplements are effective for weight loss in humans.
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Ravn AM, Gregersen NT, Christensen R, Rasmussen LG, Hels O, Belza A, Raben A, Larsen TM, Toubro S, Astrup A. Thermic effect of a meal and appetite in adults: an individual participant data meta-analysis of meal-test trials. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:19676. [PMID: 24376394 PMCID: PMC3873760 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.19676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermic effect of a meal (TEF) has previously been suggested to influence appetite. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an association between appetite and TEF. Second, to examine whether protein intake is associated with TEF or appetite. Design Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on studies were performed at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Five randomized meal-test studies, with 111 participants, were included. The included studies measured energy expenditure (EE) in respiration chambers and pre- and postprandial appetite sensations using Visual Analog Scales (VAS). The primary meta-analysis was based on a generic-inverse variance random-effects model, pooling individual study Spearman's correlation coefficients, resulting in a combined r-value with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The I2 value quantifies the proportion (%) of the variation in point estimates due to among-study differences. Results The IPD meta-analysis found no association between satiety and TEF expressed as the incremental area under the curve (TEFiAUC) (r=0.06 [95% CI −0.16 to 0.28], P=0.58; I2=15.8%). Similarly, Composite Appetite Score (CAS) was not associated with TEFiAUC (r=0.08 [95% CI −0.12 to 0.28], P=0.45; I2=0%). Posthoc analyses showed no association between satiety or CAS and TEF expressed as a percentage of energy intake (EI) (P>0.49) or TEF expressed as a percentage of baseline EE (P>0.17). When adjusting for covariates, TEFiAUC was associated with protein intake (P=0.0085). Conclusions This IPD meta-analysis found no evidence supporting an association between satiety or CAS and TEF at protein intakes ∼15 E% (range 11–30 E%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Ravn
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Ture Gregersen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital at Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Graasbøl Rasmussen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ole Hels
- StatistiConsult, Ølstykke, Denmark
| | - Anita Belza
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinert Larsen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Toubro
- Reduce APS - Research Clinic of Nutrition, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Bergstrom HC, Housh TJ, Traylor DA, Lewis RW, Jenkins NDM, Cochrane KC, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ. Physiologic responses to a thermogenic nutritional supplement at rest, during low-intensity exercise, and during recovery from exercise in college-aged women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:988-95. [PMID: 23905665 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined acute physiologic responses to a thermogenic nutritional supplement at rest, during exercise, and during recovery from exercise in women. Twelve women (mean ± SD age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years) were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each testing session consisted of 4 phases: 30 min of presupplementation resting, followed by the ingestion of the placebo or thermogenic nutritional supplement; 50 min of postsupplementation resting; 60 min of walking (at 3.2-4.8 km·h(-1)); and 50 min of postexercise resting. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), oxygen (O2) pulse, and heart rate (HR) values were recorded during all 4 phases. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were recorded during the rest, postsupplementation, and postexercise recovery phases; ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded only during exercise. There were no significant differences for EE, oxygen consumption, O2 pulse, HR, SBP, or DBP between the supplement and placebo during the presupplementation resting or postsupplementation phases. The RER, however, was higher with the supplement at 30 min postsupplementation. During exercise, EE and O2 pulse were 3%-6% greater with the supplement than placebo; there were no significant differences in RPE. Postexercise, EE, oxygen consumption, and DBP were 3%-7% greater with the supplement than placebo. These findings suggest that a thermogenic nutritional supplement, when combined with exercise, increases metabolic rate but has no effect on the perception of effort and results in only minimal changes in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley C Bergstrom
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
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15
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Combined medium-chain triglyceride and chilli feeding increases diet-induced thermogenesis in normal-weight humans. Eur J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23179202 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Capsaicin, the active ingredient of chilli, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) have been shown to increase diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), improve satiety and decrease energy intake. Combinations of thermogenic ingredients have previously been investigated such as mustard and chilli, or capsaicin and green tea with positive effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chilli and MCT feeding on DIT and satiety in healthy volunteers. METHODS Seven healthy volunteers were tested on four occasions following an overnight fast. Volunteers were fed a breakfast containing chilli and MCT oil, chilli and sunflower oil, bell pepper and sunflower oil or bell pepper and MCT oil. Satiety and gastrointestinal comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) and category scales. Baseline energy expenditure, and DIT and fat oxidation were measured for 6 h using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS There were significant differences in DIT between the meals (P = 0.003) which increased from 7.0 % for pepper-sunflower oil to 10.7 % for chilli-MCT oil. The predominant differences existed between the chilli-MCT oil and chilli-sunflower oil (P = 0.013), between chilli-MCT oil and pepper-sunflower oil (P = 0.007) and between pepper-sunflower oil and pepper-MCT oil (P = 0.004). There was a significant difference in fat oxidation between the pepper-sunflower oil and pepper-MCT oil (P = 0.032). There were no differences in any VAS satiety parameters or gastrointestinal comfort ratings. CONCLUSION Adding chilli and MCT to meals increases DIT by over 50 % which over time may cumulate to help induce weight loss and prevent weight gain or regain.
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Abstract
Although many food components are reportedly beneficial to body-weight management, lack of understanding of molecular mechanisms and their function in overall adiposity under physiological conditions hinders successful and safe development of antiobesity functional foods. A positive energy balance resulting from an increase in food intake, a reduced energy expenditure, and/or dysfunction of adipose biology is associated with the development of obesity. This article provides an overview of the components involved in energy balance and adipose development and function. There is evidence that numerous ingredients found in foods can modulate energy balance and adipose biology, thereby potentially lowering adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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17
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Ludy MJ, Moore GE, Mattes RD. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans. Chem Senses 2011; 37:103-21. [PMID: 22038945 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjr100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of spicy foods containing capsaicin, the major pungent principle in hot peppers, reportedly promotes negative energy balance. However, many individuals abstain from spicy foods due to the sensory burn and pain elicited by the capsaicin molecule. A potential alternative for nonusers of spicy foods who wish to exploit this energy balance property is consumption of nonpungent peppers rich in capsiate, a recently identified nonpungent capsaicin analog contained in CH-19 Sweet peppers. Capsiate activates transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) receptors in the gut but not in the oral cavity. This paper critically evaluates current knowledge on the thermogenic and appetitive effects of capsaicin and capsiate from foods and in supplemental form. Meta-analyses were performed on thermogenic outcomes, with a systematic review conducted for both thermogenic and appetitive outcomes. Evidence indicates that capsaicin and capsiate both augment energy expenditure and enhance fat oxidation, especially at high doses. Furthermore, the balance of the literature suggests that capsaicin and capsiate suppress orexigenic sensations. The magnitude of these effects is small. Purposeful inclusion of these compounds in the diet may aid weight management, albeit modestly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA
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18
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The effect of combined medium chain triglyceride and chilli feeding on energy expenditure. Proc Nutr Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665111004460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Belza A, Gille MB, Schultz John S, Kondrup J. The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol partly abolishes thermogenic response to bioactive food ingredients. Metabolism 2009; 58:1137-44. [PMID: 19497591 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A combination of tyrosine, capsaicin, catechins, and caffeine has been shown to possess a thermogenic effect in humans. The present objective was to investigate whether the thermogenic response to the bioactive combination (BC) could be diminished or abolished by propranolol. Twenty-two men (age, 29.0 +/- 7.1 years; body mass index, 26.0 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2); mean +/- SD) participated in a 4-way, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. The effect of the following was tested: (1) placebo, (2) BC, (3) BC + 5 mg propranolol, and (4) BC + 10 mg propranolol. Resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient, and the thermogenic response were measured for 5 hours postintake. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, and appetite ratings were assessed every half hour. The BC increased resting metabolic rate by 5% (73 [36; 110] kJ/5 h, mean [95% confidence interval], P < .0001) compared with placebo. Both propranolol doses blunted the thermogenic response by 50% compared with placebo (P < .01). The BC increased SBP by 3% (4 +/- 1 mm Hg, P = .003) compared with placebo. The effect of BC on SBP was reduced by 25% by propranolol (P = .07). The BC (with or without propranolol) increased DBP by 6% (4 +/- 1 mm Hg, P </= .0002). Propranolol decreased heart rate by 5% (3 +/- 1 beats per minute, P < .0001) compared with placebo and BC. No effects were observed on appetite ratings. In conclusion, the study confirms the thermogenic properties of BC. The 50% reduction of the thermogenic response by propranolol indicates that beta-adrenergic pathways are partly responsible for the thermogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Belza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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20
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Ryan ED, Beck TW, Herda TJ, Smith AE, Walter AA, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Acute Effects of a Thermogenic Nutritional Supplement on Energy Expenditure and Cardiovascular Function at Rest, During Low-Intensity Exercise, and Recovery from Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23:807-17. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a30fb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Reinbach HC, Smeets A, Martinussen T, Møller P, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Effects of capsaicin, green tea and CH-19 sweet pepper on appetite and energy intake in humans in negative and positive energy balance. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:260-5. [PMID: 19345452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bioactive ingredients have been shown to reduce appetite and energy intake. The magnitude of these effects might depend on energy balance why it was investigated how capsaicin, green tea, CH-19 sweet pepper as well as green tea and capsaicin affect appetite and energy intake during respectively negative and positive energy balance. METHODS 27 subjects were randomized to three weeks of negative and three weeks of positive energy balance during which capsaicin, green tea, CH-19 sweet pepper, capsaicin+green tea or placebo was ingested on ten separate test days while the effects on appetite, energy intake, body weight and heart rate were assessed. RESULTS CH-19 sweet pepper and a combination of capsaicin and green tea reduced energy intake during positive energy balance. Capsaicin and green tea suppressed hunger and increased satiety more during negative than during positive energy balance. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive ingredients had energy intake reducing effects when used in combinations and in positive energy balance. Energy balance did not affect possible treatment induced energy intake, but did affect appetite by supporting negative energy balance. Bioactive ingredients may therefore be helpful in reducing energy intake and might support weight loss periods by relatively sustaining satiety and suppressing hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Reinbach
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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22
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Auvichayapat P, Prapochanung M, Tunkamnerdthai O, Sripanidkulchai BO, Auvichayapat N, Thinkhamrop B, Kunhasura S, Wongpratoom S, Sinawat S, Hongprapas P. Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial. Physiol Behav 2008; 93:486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2007] [Revised: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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24
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Zhang LL, Yan Liu D, Ma LQ, Luo ZD, Cao TB, Zhong J, Yan ZC, Wang LJ, Zhao ZG, Zhu SJ, Schrader M, Thilo F, Zhu ZM, Tepel M. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel prevents adipogenesis and obesity. Circ Res 2007; 100:1063-70. [PMID: 17347480 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000262653.84850.8b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) by capsaicin prevents adipogenesis. TRPV1 channels in 3T3-L1-preadipocytes and visceral adipose tissue from mice and humans were detected by immunoblotting and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The effect of TRPV1 on cytosolic calcium was determined fluorometrically in 3T3-L1-preadipocytes and in human visceral fat tissue. Adipogenesis in stimulated 3T3-L1-preadipocytes was determined by oil red O-staining of intracellular lipid droplets, triglyceride levels, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and expression of fatty acid synthase. Long-term feeding experiments were undertaken in wild-type mice and TRPV1 knockout mice. We detected TRPV1 channels in 3T3-L1-preadipocytes and visceral adipose tissue from mice and humans. In vitro, the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin dose-dependently induced calcium influx and prevented the adipogenesis in stimulated 3T3-L1-preadipocytes. RNA interference knockdown of TRPV1 in 3T3-L1-preadipocytes attenuated capsaicin-induced calcium influx, and adipogenesis in stimulated 3T3-L1-preadipocytes was no longer prevented. During regular adipogenesis TRPV1 channels were downregulated which was accompanied by a significant and time-dependent reduction of calcium influx. Compared with lean counterparts in visceral adipose tissue from obese db/db and ob/ob mice, and from obese human male subjects we observed a reduced TRVP1 expression. The reduced TRPV1 expression in visceral adipose tissue from obese humans was accompanied by reduced capsaicin-induced calcium influx. The oral administration of capsaicin for 120 days prevented obesity in male wild type mice but not in TRPV1 knockout mice assigned to high fat diet. We conclude that the activation of TRPV1 channels by capsaicin prevented adipogenesis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Zhang
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Lustig RH. Childhood obesity: behavioral aberration or biochemical drive? Reinterpreting the First Law of Thermodynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:447-58. [PMID: 16932334 DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become epidemic over the past 30 years. The First Law of Thermodynamics is routinely interpreted to imply that weight gain is secondary to increased caloric intake and/or decreased energy expenditure, two behaviors that have been documented during this interval; nonetheless, lifestyle interventions are notoriously ineffective at promoting weight loss. Obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia. Although hyperinsulinemia is usually thought to be secondary to obesity, it can instead be primary, due to autonomic dysfunction. Obesity is also a state of leptin resistance, in which defective leptin signal transduction promotes excess energy intake, to maintain normal energy expenditure. Insulin and leptin share a common central signaling pathway, and it seems that insulin functions as an endogenous leptin antagonist. Suppressing insulin ameliorates leptin resistance, with ensuing reduction of caloric intake, increased spontaneous activity, and improved quality of life. Hyperinsulinemia also interferes with dopamine clearance in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, promoting increased food reward. Accordingly, the First Law of Thermodynamics can be reinterpreted, such that the behaviors of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure are secondary to obligate weight gain. This weight gain is driven by the hyperinsulinemic state, through three mechanisms: energy partitioning into adipose tissue; interference with leptin signal transduction; and interference with extinction of the hedonic response to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0434, USA.
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Ahuja KDK, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ. The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:326-33. [PMID: 16929238 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of regular chilli ingestion on some indicators of metabolic and vascular function. DESIGN A randomized cross-over dietary intervention study. SETTING Launceston, Australia. SUBJECTS Healthy free-living individuals. INTERVENTION Thirty-six participants (22 women and 14 men), aged 46+/-12 (mean+/-s.d.) years; BMI 26.4+/-4.8 kg/m(2), consumed 30 g/day of a chilli blend (55% cayenne chilli) with their normal diet (chilli diet), and a bland diet (chilli-free) for 4 weeks each. Metabolic and vascular parameters, including plasma glucose, serum lipids and lipoproteins, insulin, basal metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index (AIx; an indicator of arterial stiffness), and subendocardial-viability ratio (SEVR; a measure of myocardial perfusion), were measured at the end of each diet. In a sub-study, during week 3 of each dietary period, the vascular responses of 15 subjects to glyceryl-trinitrate (GTN) and salbutamol were also studied. RESULTS For the whole group, there were no significant differences between any of the measured parameters when compared at the end of the two dietary periods. When analysed separately, men had a lower resting heart rate (P=0.02) and higher SEVR (P=0.05) at the end of the chilli diet than the bland diet. In the sub-study, baseline AIx on the chilli diet was lower (P<0.001) than on the bland diet, but there was no difference in the effects of GTN and salbutamol between the two diets. CONCLUSION Four weeks of regular chilli consumption has no obvious beneficial or harmful effects on metabolic parameters but may reduce resting heart rate and increase effective myocardial perfusion pressure time in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D K Ahuja
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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Belza A, Frandsen E, Kondrup J. Body fat loss achieved by stimulation of thermogenesis by a combination of bioactive food ingredients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind 8-week intervention in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 31:121-30. [PMID: 16652130 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of tyrosine, capsaicin, catechines and caffeine may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and promote satiety, lipolysis and thermogenesis. In addition, dietary calcium may increase fecal fat excretion. OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute and subchronic effect of a supplement containing the above mentioned agents or placebo taken t.i.d on thermogenesis, body fat loss and fecal fat excretion. DESIGN In total, 80 overweight-obese subjects ((body mass index) 31.2+/-2.5 kg/m(2), mean+/-s.d.) underwent an initial 4-week hypocaloric diet (3.4 MJ/day). Those who lost>4% body weight were instructed to consume a hypocaloric diet (-1.3 MJ/day) and were randomized to receive either placebo (n=23) or bioactive supplement (n=57) in a double-blind, 8-week intervention. The thermogenic effect of the compound was tested at the first and last day of intervention, and blood pressure, heart rate, body weight and composition were assessed. RESULTS Weight loss during the induction phase was 6.8+/-1.9 kg. At the first exposure the thermogenic effect of the bioactive supplement exceeded that of placebo by 87.3 kJ/4 h (95%CI: 50.9;123.7, P=0.005) and after 8 weeks this effect was sustained (85.5 kJ/4 h (47.6;123.4), P=0.03). Body fat mass decreased more in the supplement group by 0.9 kg (0.5; 1.3) compared with placebo (P<0.05). The bioactive supplement had no effect on fecal fat excretion, blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUSION The bioactive supplement increased 4-h thermogenesis by 90 kJ more than placebo, and the effect was maintained after 8 weeks and accompanied by a slight reduction in fat mass. These bioactive components may support weight maintenance after a hypocaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Centre for Advanced Food Studies, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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