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Enget Jensen TM, Braaten T, Jacobsen BK, Ibsen DB, Skeie G. Replacing red and processed meat with lean or fatty fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC): a prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:531-543. [PMID: 37694448 PMCID: PMC10784130 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations recommend reducing red and processed meat and increasing fish consumption, but the impact of this replacement on mortality is understudied. This study investigated the replacement of red and processed meat with fish in relation to mortality. Of 83 304 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) study, 9420 died during a median of 21·0 years of follow-up. The hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with analyses stratified on red and processed meat intake due to non-linearity. Higher processed meat (> 30 g/d), red and processed meat (> 50 g/d), and fatty fish consumption were associated with higher mortality, while red meat and lean fish consumption were neutral or beneficial. Among women with higher processed meat intake (> 30 g/d), replacing 20 g/d with lean fish was associated with lower all-cause (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·96), cancer (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·88, 0·97) and CVD mortality (HR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·74, 0·90), while replacing with fatty fish was associated with lower CVD mortality (HR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97), but not with all-cause or cancer mortality. Replacing processed meat with fish among women with lower processed meat intake (≤ 30 g/d) or replacing red meat with fish was not associated with mortality. Replacing processed meat with lean or fatty fish may lower the risk of premature deaths in Norwegian women, but only in women with high intake of processed meat. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce processed meat intake should target high consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill M. Enget Jensen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjarne Koster Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniel Borch Ibsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037Tromsø, Norway
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Moe ÅM, Sørbye SH, Hopstock LA, Carlsen MH, Løvsletten O, Ytterstad E. Identifying dietary patterns across age, educational level and physical activity level in a cross-sectional study: the Tromsø Study 2015 - 2016. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:102. [PMID: 36109801 PMCID: PMC9476603 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy diet can decrease the risk of several lifestyle diseases. From studying the health effects of single foods, research now focuses on examining complete diets and dietary patterns reflecting the combined intake of different foods. The main goals of the current study were to identify dietary patterns and then investigate how these differ in terms of sex, age, educational level and physical activity level (PAL) in a general Nordic population. Methods We used data from the seventh survey of the population-based Tromsø Study in Norway, conducted in 2015-2016. The study included 21,083 participants aged \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$72\%$$\end{document}72% completed a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After exclusion, the study sample included 10,899 participants with valid FFQ data. First, to cluster food variables, the participants were partitioned in homogeneous cohorts according to sex, age, educational level and PAL. Non-overlapping diet groups were then identified using repeated hierarchical cluster analysis on the food variables. Second, average standardized diet intake scores were calculated for all individuals for each diet group. The individual diet (intake) scores were then modelled in terms of age, education and PAL using regression models. Differences in diet scores according to education and PAL were investigated by pairwise hypothesis tests, controlling the nominal significance level using Tukey’s method. Results The cluster analysis revealed three dietary patterns, here named the Meat and Sweets diet, the Traditional diet, and the Plant-based- and Tea diet. Women had a lower intake of the Traditional diet and a higher preference for the Plant-based- and Tea diet compared to men. Preference for the Meat and Sweets diet and Traditional diet showed significant negative and positive trends as function of age, respectively. Adjusting for age, the group having high education and high PAL compared favourably with the group having low education and low PAL, having a significant lower intake of the Meat and Sweets and the Traditional diets and a significant higher intake of the Plant-based- and Tea diet. Conclusions Three dietary patterns (Meat and Sweets, Traditional, and Plant-based- and Tea) were found by repeated clustering of randomly sampled homogeneous cohorts of individuals. Diet preferences depended significantly on sex, age, education and PAL, showing a more unhealthy dietary pattern with lower age, low education and low PAL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00599-4.
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Enget Jensen TM, Braaten T, Jacobsen BK, Skeie G. Non-linear associations between healthy Nordic foods and all-cause mortality in the NOWAC study: a prospective study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35078429 PMCID: PMC8788118 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The shape of the associations between intake of foods basic in a healthy Nordic diet and long-term health is not well known. Therefore, we have examined all-cause mortality in a large, prospective cohort of women in Norway in relation to intake of: Nordic fruits and vegetables, fatty fish, lean fish, wholegrain products, and low-fat dairy products. Methods A total of 83 669 women who completed a food frequency questionnaire between 1996 and 2004 were followed up for mortality until the end of 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations between consumption of the Nordic food groups and all-cause mortality. The Nordic food groups were examined as categorical exposures, and all but wholegrain products also as continuous exposures in restricted cubic spline models. Results A total of 8 507 women died during the 20-year follow-up period. Nordic fruits and vegetables, fatty fish and low-fat dairy products were observed to be non-linearly associated with all-cause mortality, while higher intake of lean fish and wholegrain products reduced all-cause mortality. Intake levels and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with lowest mortality were approximately 200 g/day of Nordic fruits and vegetables (HR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77–0.91)), 10–20 g/day of fatty fish (10 g/day: HR 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94–1.02)) and 200 g/day of low-fat dairy products (HR 0.96 (95% CI: 0.81–1.01)) compared to no consumption. Consumption of fatty fish ≥ 60 g/day compared to no intake statistically significantly increased the mortality (60 g/day: HR 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.16)), as did consumption of low-fat dairy products ≥ 800 g/day compared to no intake (800 g/day: HR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02–1.20)). After stratification by smoking status, the observed association between Nordic fruits and vegetables and all-cause mortality was stronger in ever smokers. Conclusion The associations between intake of foods basic in healthy Nordic diets and all-cause mortality may be non-linear. Therefore, assumptions of linear associations between traditional Nordic food groups and health outcomes could lead to wrong conclusions in analyses of healthy Nordic diets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12572-8.
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Vahid F, Brito A, Le Coroller G, Vaillant M, Samouda H, Bohn T. Dietary Intake of Adult Residents in Luxembourg Taking Part in Two Cross-Sectional Studies-ORISCAV-LUX (2007-2008) and ORISCAV-LUX 2 (2016-2017). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124382. [PMID: 34959934 PMCID: PMC8706514 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A balanced diet is an important lifestyle component and has been associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Objectives: To assess dietary intake of adult residents in Luxembourg taking part in two population-based cross-sectional studies (ORISCAV-LUX, 2007–2008 and ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017). Methods: Dietary intake of the study participants (1242 in 2007/08 and 1326 in 2016/17), 25–69 years old, were evaluated using food-frequency questionnaires (134 items in 2007/2008 and 174 items in 2016/2017) according to the French ANSES-CIQUAL food composition database. Both food-group- and nutrient-based analyses were conducted. Results: Dietary patterns in ORISCAV-LUX 2, 2016–2017, were characterized by an increase in the estimated marginal means (EMM) of the intake of energy, total fat, saturated fatty acids, alcohol, and decreased EMM of total carbohydrates, magnesium, and calcium compared to 2007/08. We also observed an increased EMM of the intake of protein-rich food items and ready-to-eat foods/fast foods, together with a decreased intake of grains, dairy products, and vegetables (all p-values <0.05, linear mixed models). The intake of most micronutrients was stable or slightly increased in ORISCAV-LUX 2 vs. ORISCAV-LUX, except for the drop in magnesium and calcium, and generally met recommendations, in particular, EFSA population reference intakes (PRI), except for vitamin D. Conclusions: Though most micronutrient recommendations were met, nutrient consumption in terms of high energy, total fat, and sodium, as well as low carbohydrates, were not aligned with recommendations for balanced eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomics Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gwenaëlle Le Coroller
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (G.L.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (F.V.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-621-216-637
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Stewart KL, Gigic B, Himbert C, Warby CA, Ose J, Lin T, Schrotz-King P, Boehm J, Jordan KC, Metos J, Schneider M, Figueiredo JC, Li CI, Shibata D, Siegel E, Toriola AT, Hardikar S, Ulrich CM. Association of Sugar Intake with Inflammation- and Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Newly Diagnosed Colorectal Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1636-1643. [PMID: 34369225 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a positive association between sugar intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. We sought to investigate inflammation and angiogenesis as underlying mechanisms behind increased sugar intake and worse CRC outcomes. Pre-surgery serum samples were obtained from 191 patients diagnosed with primary invasive stage I-IV CRC. Biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, SAA, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNFα) and angiogenesis (VEGFA, VEGFD, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were analyzed (Meso-Scale-Discovery). Fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugar intake (calories/day, % total calories) were assessed by FFQ. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Patients were on average 64 years old, 64% were male, the majority was diagnosed with stage II-III (58%) cancers, and 67% were either overweight or obese. Among normal-weight individuals (BMI <25 kg/m2), we observed a significant inverse association between VEGFD and any type of sugar intake in cal/day (sucrose: p = 0.01, glucose and fructose: p < 0.001) and MCP-1 and fructose intake (p = 0.05). The magnitude of reduction in VEGF ranged between -1.24 for sucrose to 4.49 for glucose intake, and -2.64 for fructose intake for MCP-1 levels. Sugar intake was associated with some inflammation or angiogenesis biomarkers, among CRC patients; differences were observed by adiposity that warrant further investigation.Supplemental data for this article is available online at at 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Stewart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrated Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christy A Warby
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tengda Lin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kristine C Jordan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrated Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Julie Metos
- Department of Nutrition and Integrated Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christopher I Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Shibata
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erin Siegel
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Pestoni G, Riedl A, Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Krieger JP, Meisinger C, Rathmann W, Thorand B, Harris C, Peters A, Rohrmann S, Linseisen J. Association between dietary patterns and prediabetes, undetected diabetes or clinically diagnosed diabetes: results from the KORA FF4 study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2331-2341. [PMID: 33125578 PMCID: PMC8275503 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to identify dietary patterns and to investigate their association with prediabetes, undetected diabetes and prevalent diabetes. METHODS The present study included 1305 participants of the cross-sectional population-based KORA FF4 study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements together with a physician-confirmed diagnosis allowed for an accurate categorization of the participants according to their glucose tolerance status into normal glucose tolerance (n = 698), prediabetes (n = 459), undetected diabetes (n = 49), and prevalent diabetes (n = 99). Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. The association between dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status was investigated using multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS A Prudent pattern, characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains and dairy products, and a Western pattern, characterized by high consumption of red and processed meat, alcoholic beverages, refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, were identified. Participants following the Western pattern had significantly higher chances of having prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35, 2.73), undetected diabetes (OR 10.12; 95% CI 4.19, 24.43) or prevalent diabetes (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.85, 6.67), compared to participants following the Prudent pattern. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, the present study is one of the few investigating the association between dietary patterns and prediabetes or undetected diabetes. The use of a reference group exclusively including participants with normal glucose tolerance might explain the strong associations observed in our study. These results suggest a very important role of dietary habits in the prevention of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Riedl
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Taylor A Breuninger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wawro
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carla Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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Monteiro dos Santos JE, Crispim SP, Murphy J, de Camargo Cancela M. Health, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with Brazilian dietary patterns: Brazilian National Health Survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247078. [PMID: 33592067 PMCID: PMC7886222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Brazilian dietary patterns and their associations with health, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics. Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013 were used. A questionnaire was applied containing 22 items related to dietary consumption. Dietary patterns were determined through factor analysis (FA). Poisson regression models, with robust variance, were used to identify associations between dietary patterns and independents variables. Statistical significance was defined as p-value<0.05. Data were analysed for 60,202 adults (estimated population size: 146,308,458). FA identified three dietary patterns: healthy, protein, and western. The younger age group (18-24 years) had a lower adherence to the healthy pattern (PR:0.53; 95%CI:0.49-0.58) and greater adherence to the protein (PR:1.52; 95%CI:1.42-1.62) and western (PR:1.80; 95%CI:1.68-1.93) patterns compared to the elderly (≥60 years). Women had a greater association with the healthy pattern (PR:1.32; 95%CI:1.28-1.38) and lower association with the protein pattern (PR:0.80; 95%CI:0.77-0.82) compared to men. Illiterate participants showed lower adherence to the healthy (PR:0.58; 95%CI:0.53-0.63) and western (PR:0.54; 95%CI:0.48-0.62) patterns compared to those with higher educational levels. Smokers had lower adherence to the healthy (PR:0.76; 95%CI:0.71-0.81) and higher adherence to the protein (PR:1.14; 95%CI:1.11-1.19) patterns compared to non-smokers. Participants with poor/very poor self-rated health status had a lower adherence to the healthy (PR:0.79; 95%CI:0.73-0.86) and western (PR:0.81; 95%CI:0.73-0.89) patterns compared to those in a very good/good self-rated health status. Multimorbidity was positively associated with the healthy pattern (PR:1.18; 95%CI:1.11-1.26) and inversely associated with the protein pattern (PR:0.88; 95%CI:0.80-0.96) compared to participants without comorbidities. We suggest that strategies to promote healthy eating should consider health, lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marianna de Camargo Cancela
- Division of Population Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Surveillance and Situation Analysis, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marine n-3 fatty acid consumption in a Norwegian renal transplant cohort: Comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with plasma phospholipid marine n-3 levels. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244089. [PMID: 33332416 PMCID: PMC7746258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of plasma marine n-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) are associated with improved patient and graft survival in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate marine n-3FA consumption in future epidemiological research. Methods We developed an FFQ with a simple design of 10 questions to assess intake of marine sources of n-3FAs. RTRs included in the recent ORENTRA trial (n = 132) completed the study FFQ at the baseline visit eight weeks after engraftment and at the end of study visit one year post-transplant. We measured the reference biomarker plasma phospholipid (PL) marine n-3FA levels by gas chromatography at the same time points to evaluate association and degree of agreement between FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates and the biomarker. Results The median plasma PL marine n-3FA level was 6.0 weight percentage (wt)% (interquartile range [IQR] 4.7 to 7.3) at baseline and 6.3 wt% (IQR 4.8 to 7.4) at end of study. Median FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates were 22.8 g/month (IQR 13.0 to 34.0) at baseline and 20.3 g/month (IQR 14.5 to 32.3) at end of study. FFQ based marine n-3FA consumption estimates showed a moderate correlation with plasma PL marine n-3FA levels at baseline (Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs = 0.43, p<0.001) and a stronger correlation at end of study (rs = 0.62, p<0.001). Bland Altman plots showed a reasonable degree of agreement between the two methods at both time points. Conclusions Marine n-3FA consumption estimates based on the FFQ showed a moderate correlation with the reference biomarker plasma PL marine n-3FA levels. The FFQ might be useful in epidemiological studies where resources are limited.
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Rodrigues JAL, Stenvold D, Almeida ML, Sobrinho ACS, Rodrigues GS, Júnior CRB. Cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in older people: comparison between Norway and Brazil. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:867-875. [PMID: 32888032 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-communicable diseases are the major causes of death both worldwide and in high-income countries such as Norway. Understanding whether policy programs affect the health of older adults, especially considering different realities, is crucial. We aimed to analyse cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in elderly people from Norway and Brazil. METHODS A total of 555 elderly people recruited from Trondheim, Norway (n = 310, age 70.7 ± 0.8 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) and from Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (n = 245, age 64.1 ± 8.1 years, BMI 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). All analyses were adjusted for age and sex, considering country as an independent variable. The significance level considered was P < 0.05. RESULTS Brazilian people presented a higher incidence of overweight and higher waist circumference (WC) compared to Norwegian (28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 97.0 ± 14.7 cm versus 26.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2 and 92.1 ± 11.2 cm, respectively). When classified by education level, Brazilians presented higher values for BMI, WC and triglycerides (TG) than Norwegians with the same level of education (incomplete higher education), while Norwegians presented higher values for systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol total (CT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS Both nationalities presented important cardiometabolic risk factors. However, when considering a low level of education, the Brazilian elderly people presented more cardiometabolic risk factors than Norwegians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Rodrigues
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - D Stenvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 8905, 7491, Norway
| | - M L Almeida
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - A C S Sobrinho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - G S Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - C R Bueno Júnior
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
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10
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Román N, Rigó A, Kato Y, Horváth Z, Urbán R. Cross-cultural comparison of the motivations for healthy eating: investigating the validity and invariance of the motivation for healthy eating scale. Psychol Health 2020; 36:367-383. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1773462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Román
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrien Rigó
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Zsolt Horváth
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Chandra A, Røsjø H, Svensson M, Vigen T, Ihle-Hansen H, Orstad EB, Rønning OM, Lyngbakken MN, Nygård S, Berge T, Schmidt EB, Omland T, Tveit A, Eide IA. Plasma linoleic acid levels and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Norwegian ACE 1950 Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1707-1717. [PMID: 32341488 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high intake of linoleic acid (LA), the major dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has previously been associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in observational studies. However, recent secondary analyses from clinical trials of LA-rich diet suggest harmful effects of LA on CV health. METHODS A total of 3706 participants, all born in 1950, were included in this cross-sectional study. We investigated associations between plasma phospholipid levels of LA and CV risk factors in a Norwegian general population, characterized by a relative low LA and high marine n-3 PUFA intake. The main statistical approach was multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Plasma phospholipid LA levels ranged from 11.4 to 32.0 wt%, with a median level of 20.8 wt% (interquartile range 16.8-24.8 wt%). High plasma LA levels were associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (standardized regression coefficient [Std. β-coeff.] -0.04, p = 0.02), serum triglycerides (Std. β-coeff. -0.10, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (Std. β-coeff. -0.10, p < 0.001), body mass index (Std. β-coeff. -0.13, p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Std. β-coeff. -0.04, p = 0.03 and Std. β-coeff. -0.02, p = 0.02, respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Std. β-coeff. -0.09, p < 0.001). We found no association between plasma LA levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, glycated hemoglobin, carotid intima-media thickness, or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION High plasma LA levels were favorably associated with several CV risk factors in this study of a Norwegian general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Chandra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea Vigen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Håkon Ihle-Hansen
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Ole Morten Rønning
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Berge
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arnljot Tveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ivar Anders Eide
- Department of Renal Medicine, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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12
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Petrenya N, Rylander C, Brustad M. Dietary patterns of adults and their associations with Sami ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors in a rural multiethnic population of northern Norway - the SAMINOR 2 clinical survey. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1632. [PMID: 31801498 PMCID: PMC6894324 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few population-based studies have assessed dietary behaviors in the rural multiethnic population of Northern Norway. The present study determined dietary patterns and investigated their association with Sami ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors in a multiethnic population in rural Northern Norway. Methods This cross-sectional study included 4504 participants of the SAMINOR 2 Clinical Survey (2012–2014) aged 40–69 years. All participants completed a lifestyle and food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Associations between food patterns and ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle factors were examined by multiple linear regression. Results Six dietary patterns were identified that accounted for 28% of the variability in food intake in the study sample: ‘processed meat/westernized’, ‘fish/traditional’, ‘fruit/vegetables’, ‘reindeer/traditional’, ‘bread and sandwich spreads’, and ‘sweets and bakery goods’. The ‘reindeer/traditional’ pattern was most common among the inland Sami population. The ‘fish/traditional’ pattern was most common among costal multiethnic Sami and least common among inland Sami and among women independent of ethnicity. The ‘fish/traditional’ pattern was also positively associated with older age, high education level, small household size, and smoking. Adherence to the ‘processed meat/westernized’ pattern was lower among inland Sami than inland/coastal non-Sami; no ethnic differences in adherence to this pattern were found between costal multiethnic Sami and inland/coastal non-Sami. Unhealthy lifestyle factors, like low physical activity level and smoking, and younger age were mainly associated with the ‘processed meat/westernized’ pattern, whereas socioeconomic factors like low education, low gross annual household income, and large household size were related to the ‘sweets and bakery goods’ pattern. Male gender, low education level, and smoking were associated with the ‘bread and sandwich spreads’ pattern. The ‘fruit/vegetables’ pattern was characterized by healthy dietary choices and a health-conscious lifestyle, and was more common in women with a high education level and income. Conclusions Adherence to the six identified dietary patterns was characterized by different sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Ethnicity, in combination with geographical region of residence, was associated with dietary behaviors. This study provides knowledge that will be useful in future studies on dietary patterns related to chronic diseases in the rural population of Northern Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petrenya
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. .,The Public Dental Health Service Competence centre of Northern Norway, TkNN, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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Czekajło A, Różańska D, Zatońska K, Szuba A, Regulska-Ilow B. Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in the selected population of Polish adults-results of the PURE Poland Study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:335-340. [PMID: 30285088 PMCID: PMC6426002 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary pattern (DP) analysis is a statistical method used to evaluate the comprehensive effect of the diet on health. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between DPs derived in selected population of Lower Silesia and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. METHODS Study group consisted of 1634 individuals enrolled in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study Poland. Dietary intake was estimated using the data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire. DPs were identified using principal component analysis. MS prevalence was evaluated based on the criteria accepted by International Diabetes Federation, American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2009. RESULTS Three DPs were identified. The percentage of individuals with MS was lower in the upper quartile (Q) of the 'fruit & vegetables' DP in comparison with Q1 (40.4 vs. 48.9%). Inverse relationship was observed for 'Western' (Q4 vs. Q1: 50.7 vs. 40.8%) and 'traditional' DPs (51.0 vs. 38.3%). After adjusting for potential confounders, in Q4 of 'traditional' DP higher risk for central obesity was observed compared to Q1 (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.10-2.12). Individuals in Q3 of 'fruit & vegetables' DP had lower risk for raised blood pressure in comparison with the bottom Q (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.82). CONCLUSIONS DP analysis allows to evaluate the synergistic effect of the diet on the MS prevalence. 'Fruit & vegetables' DP, in contrast to 'Western' and 'traditional' DPs, was negatively associated with the prevalence of MS and its components in the study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czekajło
- Department of Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Różańska
- Department of Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zatońska
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Clustering of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among adults with excess weight in a multilingual country. Nutrition 2019; 62:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Jang BY, Bu SY. A Vegetable and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Positively Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass in Korean Men. Clin Nutr Res 2019; 8:1-16. [PMID: 30746343 PMCID: PMC6355951 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2019.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolating the effects of a single nutrient or food in relation to health outcomes including increased skeletal muscle mass is a challenging task because dietary constituents are highly correlated and synergistic. Hence, diet pattern analysis may be used to investigate the role of certain diets in health outcomes. The present study investigated the dietary patterns and their relationship to skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults. Data were extracted from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. To explore the dietary patterns of the study subjects, factor analysis was performed using data obtained from a 24-hour recall. The skeletal muscle index according to dietary pattern scores was then investigated to estimate the changes in skeletal muscle mass. Three patterns were initially identified from the factor analysis. Of these vegetables and fish (VF) pattern was the primary factor with high reliability and was a common factor in sex-separated analyses. The VF pattern scores were positively associated with increased skeletal muscle mass in both men and women. Further analysis according to quartile levels of VF pattern scores showed a positive association between skeletal muscle mass and VF pattern in men but not in women. These results suggest that dietary patterns focused on vegetables and seafoods may contribute to increased skeletal muscle mass in Korean men but that sex difference should be considered in nutrition care for skeletal muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
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16
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Krieger JP, Pestoni G, Cabaset S, Brombach C, Sych J, Schader C, Faeh D, Rohrmann S. Dietary Patterns and Their Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Determinants in Switzerland: Results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH. Nutrients 2018; 11:E62. [PMID: 30597962 PMCID: PMC6356790 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From a public health perspective, determinants of diets are crucial to identify, but they remain unclear in Switzerland. Hence, we sought to define current dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants using the national nutrition survey menuCH (2014⁻2015, n = 2057). First, we applied multiple factorial analysis and hierarchical clustering on the energy-standardised daily consumption of 17 food categories. Four dietary patterns were identified ("Swiss traditional": high intakes of dairy products and chocolate, n = 744; "Western 1": soft drinks and meat, n = 383; "Western 2": alcohol, meat and starchy, n = 444; and "Prudent": n = 486). Second, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine the determinants of the four dietary patterns: ten sociodemographic or lifestyle factors (sex, age, body mass index, language region, nationality, marital status, income, physical activity, smoking status, and being on a weight-loss diet) were significantly associated with the dietary patterns. Notably, belonging to the French- and Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland increased the odds of following a "Prudent" diet (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.92 [1.45⁻2.53] and 1.68 [0.98⁻2.90], respectively) compared to the German-speaking regions. Our findings highlight the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters on diet and the particularities of the language regions of Switzerland. These results provide the basis for public health interventions targeted for population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Cabaset
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christine Brombach
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Campus Reidbach, Einsiedlerstrasse 34, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Janice Sych
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Campus Reidbach, Einsiedlerstrasse 34, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Schader
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
| | - David Faeh
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Health Division, Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Falkenplatz 24, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Traditional v. modern dietary patterns among a population in western Austria: associations with body composition and nutrient profile. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:455-465. [PMID: 30486908 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns, compare dietary patterns regarding nutrient profile and investigate the association between dietary patterns and body composition in a population in western Austria. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study, eating habits, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. Food intake was collected by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) with complementary cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Associations of dietary patterns with body composition and nutrient profile were examined by the t test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA with Bonferroni's correction. The χ 2 test was used for categorical variables. SETTING Tyrol, western Austria, 2014-2015.ParticipantsAdults (n 463) aged 18-64 years. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were derived, labelled as the 'health-conscious', the 'western' and the 'traditional' dietary pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, individuals following the traditional and western patterns were more likely to be overweight/obese (P <0·001) and to have a higher body fat percentage (P <0·05). Individuals following the traditional dietary pattern consumed significantly more SFA and less PUFA and dietary fibre (P <0·001) than those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who mostly eat in a traditional way should be encouraged to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy fats. It is important to know local eating habits not only for planning individual nutritional therapy, but also for well-directed public health actions.
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18
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Yan S, Kwan YH, Tan CS, Thumboo J, Low LL. A systematic review of the clinical application of data-driven population segmentation analysis. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:121. [PMID: 30390641 PMCID: PMC6215625 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data-driven population segmentation analysis utilizes data analytics to divide a heterogeneous population into parsimonious and relatively homogenous groups with similar healthcare characteristics. It is a promising patient-centric analysis that enables effective integrated healthcare interventions specific for each segment. Although widely applied, there is no systematic review on the clinical application of data-driven population segmentation analysis. METHODS We carried out a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science following PRISMA criteria. We included English peer-reviewed articles that applied data-driven population segmentation analysis on empirical health data. We summarized the clinical settings in which segmentation analysis was applied, compared and contrasted strengths, limitations, and practical considerations of different segmentation methods, and assessed the segmentation outcome of all included studies. The studies were assessed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS We retrieved 14,514 articles and included 216 articles. Data-driven population segmentation analysis was widely used in different clinical contexts. 163 studies examined the general population while 53 focused on specific population with certain diseases or conditions, including psychological, oncological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal conditions. Variables used for segmentation in the studies are heterogeneous. Most studies (n = 170) utilized secondary data in community settings (n = 185). The most common segmentation method was latent class/profile/transition/growth analysis (n = 96) followed by K-means cluster analysis (n = 60) and hierarchical analysis (n = 50), each having its advantages, disadvantages, and practical considerations. We also identified key criteria to evaluate a segmentation framework: internal validity, external validity, identifiability/interpretability, substantiality, stability, actionability/accessibility, and parsimony. CONCLUSIONS Data-driven population segmentation has been widely applied and holds great potential in managing population health. The evaluations of segmentation outcome require the interplay of data analytics and subject matter expertise. The optimal framework for segmentation requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Yu Heng Kwan
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, 16 College Road, Block 6 Level 9, Singapore, 169854 Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Bowyer Block, Block A, Level 2, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
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Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality among Swiss Adults in a Census-Linked Cohort. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29518908 PMCID: PMC5872731 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining dietary guidelines requires a quantitative assessment of the influence of diet on the development of diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate how dietary patterns were associated with mortality in a general population sample of Switzerland. We included 15,936 participants from two population-based studies (National Research Program 1A (NRP1A) and Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)—1977 to 1993) who fully answered a simplified 24-h dietary recall. Mortality data were available through anonymous record linkage with the Swiss National Cohort (follow-up of up to 37.9 years). Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to define data-driven qualitative dietary patterns. Mortality hazard ratios were calculated for all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality using Cox regression. Two patterns were characterized by a low dietary variety (“Sausage and Vegetables”, “Meat and Salad”), two by a higher variety (“Traditional”, “High-fiber foods”) and one by a high fish intake (“Fish”). Males with unhealthy lifestyle (smokers, low physical activity and high alcohol intake) were overrepresented in the low-variety patterns and underrepresented in the high-variety and “Fish” patterns. In multivariable-adjusted models, the “Fish” (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% CI (0.68–0.99)) and “High-fiber foods” (0.85 (0.72–1.00)) patterns were associated with lower cancer mortality. In men, the “Fish” (0.73 (0.55–0.97)) and “Traditional” (0.76 (0.59–0.98)) patterns were associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. In summary, our results support the notion that dietary patterns affect mortality and that these patterns strongly cluster with other health determinants.
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20
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Health Effects of Carotenoids during Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080838. [PMID: 28777356 PMCID: PMC5579631 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is particularly important during pregnancy since it is needed not only for maintaining the health of the mother, but also determines the course of pregnancy and its outcome, fetus development as well as the child’s health after birth and during the later period of life. Data coming from epidemiological and interventions studies support the observation that carotenoids intake provide positive health effects in adults and the elderly population. These health effects are the result of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have also demonstrated the significant role of carotenoids during pregnancy and infancy. Some studies indicate a correlation between carotenoid status and lower risk of pregnancy pathologies induced by intensified oxidative stress, but results of these investigations are equivocal. Carotenoids have been well studied in relation to their beneficial role in the prevention of preeclampsia. It is currently hypothesized that carotenoids can play an important role in the prevention of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Carotenoid status in the newborn depends on the nutritional status of the mother, but little is known about the transfer of carotenoids from the mother to the fetus. Carotenoids are among the few nutrients found in breast milk, in which the levels are determined by the mother’s diet. Nutritional status of the newborn directly depends on its diet. Both mix feeding and artificial feeding may cause depletion of carotenoids since infant formulas contain only trace amounts of these compounds. Carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin play a significant role in the development of vision and nervous system (among others, they are important for the development of retina as well as energy metabolism and brain electrical activity). Furthermore, more scientific evidence is emerging on the role of carotenoids in the prevention of disorders affecting preterm infants, who are susceptible to oxidative stress, particularly retinopathy of prematurity.
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Dietary Patterns and Obesity among Chinese Adults: Results from a Household-Based Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050487. [PMID: 28475157 PMCID: PMC5451938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The key dietary pattern other than dietary factors influencing obesity has been reported by several large epidemiological studies. This study was carried out between 2010 and 2012 including 1613 adult residents in Zhejiang Province. Dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis based on 24-h dietary recall. Associations with dietary patterns and obesity were examined and adjusted for age and gender by logistic regression. Five dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with their eigenvalues greater than 1: 'cereal, animal, and plant food', 'high protein food', 'plant food', 'poultry', and 'beverage'. After adjustment for age and gender, the 'cereal, animal, and plant food' and 'beverage' pattern was associated with obesity (OR = 2.924, 3.257; 95% CI = 1.147-7.463, 1.372-7.692). In conclusion, 'cereal, animal, and plant food' and 'beverage' dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of obesity. 'Cereal, animal, and plant food' dietary patterns may be associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased protein and fat intake; while a 'beverage' dietary pattern may be associated with increased risk of obesity resulting from increased total energy intake by increased carbohydrate intake. The findings are valuable in targeting future nutrition education.
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Hedrick VE, Davy BM, You W, Porter KJ, Estabrooks PA, Zoellner JM. Dietary quality changes in response to a sugar-sweetened beverage-reduction intervention: results from the Talking Health randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:824-833. [PMID: 28251935 PMCID: PMC5366048 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The reduction of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake may be beneficial for weight management and other related health conditions; however, to our knowledge, no data exist regarding the spontaneous changes in other dietary components or the overall dietary quality after an SSB-reduction intervention.Objectives: We explored longitudinal changes within and between an SSB-reduction intervention (SIPsmartER) and a physical activity intervention (MoveMore) with respect to spontaneous changes in 1) energy intake and macronutrients and micronutrients, 2) dietary quality [Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI)], and 3) beverage categories.Design: Participants were enrolled in a 6-mo, community-based behavioral trial and randomly assigned into either the SIPsmartER (n = 149) intervention group or the MoveMore (n = 143) matched-contact comparison group. Dietary intake was assessed through a mean of three 24-h dietary recalls at baseline and 6 mo. Dietary recalls were analyzed with the use of nutritional analysis software. A multilevel, mixed-effects linear regression with intention-to-treat analyses is presented.Results: SIPsmartER participants showed a significant reduction in total SSBs (mean decrease: -366 mL; P ≤ 0.001). Several spontaneous changes occurred within the SIPsmartER group and, compared with the MoveMore group, included significant HEI improvements for empty calorie, total vegetable, and total HEI scores (mean increases: 2.6, 0.3, and 2.6, respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). Additional positive changes were shown, including significant decreases in total energy intake, trans fat, added sugars, and total beverage energy (all P ≤ 0.05). Few dietary changes were noted in the MoveMore group over the 6-mo intervention.Conclusions: Intervention of the single dietary component SSB resulted in additional spontaneous and beneficial dietary changes. Interventions that target a single dietary change, such as limiting SSB intake to <240 mL/d (<8 fl oz/d), may improve the overall dietary quality health and provide motivation to make additional dietary changes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02193009.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Departments of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise and
| | - Wen You
- Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; and
| | | | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Identification of major dietary patterns in Korean adults and their association with cancer risk in the Cancer Screening Examination Cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1223-1229. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Brustad M, Parr CL, Melhus M, Lund E. Dietary patterns in the population living in the Sami core areas of Norway—the SAMINOR study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v67i1.18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Eide IA, Halden TAS, Hartmann A, Åsberg A, Dahle DO, Reisaeter AV, Jenssen T. Mortality risk in post-transplantation diabetes mellitus based on glucose and HbA1c diagnostic criteria. Transpl Int 2016; 29:568-78. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Anders Eide
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Thea Anine Strøm Halden
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- The Norwegian Renal Registry; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; School of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Dag Olav Dahle
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Anna Varberg Reisaeter
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- The Norwegian Renal Registry; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Section of Nephrology; Department of Transplant Medicine; Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Oslo Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group; UiT the Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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Dietary patterns of women aged 50-69 years and associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and key risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:2024-32. [PMID: 26780977 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In women, the risk for non-communicable diseases increases after menopause. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns and study their associations with nutrient intake, sociodemographic factors and risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women aged 50-69 years. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. Food intake was recorded by a 253-item FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between the dietary patterns and nutrients were described by Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and age, education, BMI, physical activity and smoking. SETTING The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme. SUBJECTS Women (n 6298) aged 50-69 years. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Prudent', 'Western' and 'Continental'. Adherence to the 'Prudent' pattern was related to older age, higher education, higher BMI, more physical activity (P trend<0·001) and being a non-smoker (P<0·001). Adherence to the 'Western' pattern was related to older age, lower education, higher BMI, less physical activity (0·001≤P trend≤0·006) and lower alcohol intake (r =-0·28). Adherence to the 'Continental' pattern was related to younger age, higher education, higher BMI, less physical activity, (P trend<0·001), being a smoker (P<0·001) and higher alcohol intake (r=0·36). CONCLUSIONS Three distinct dietary patterns were identified. High adherence to a 'Prudent' pattern was associated with a healthy lifestyle, while high adherence to a 'Western' or 'Continental' pattern was associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. These findings are valuable knowledge for health authorities when forming strategies to promote a healthier lifestyle among women.
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Blondin SA, Mueller MP, Bakun PJ, Choumenkovitch SF, Tucker KL, Economos CD. Cross-Sectional Associations between Empirically-Derived Dietary Patterns and Indicators of Disease Risk among University Students. Nutrients 2015; 8:E3. [PMID: 26712784 PMCID: PMC4728617 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a unique period during which lifelong dietary habits are shaped. Dietary patterns (DPs) among young adults attending college have not been adequately described, and associations between DPs and indicators of disease risk are not well understood in this age group. Dietary data were collected from undergraduates participating in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS; 1998-2007) by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ; n = 1323). DPs were derived using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Scree plots; eigenvalues; factor loadings; and previous studies were used to determine and label the DPs retained. Cross-sectional relationships between DP scores and anthropometric measures (percent body fat (PBF) and (BMI) and lipid biomarkers (total; HDL and LDL cholesterol; and triglycerides) were assessed with multivariable regression models; adjusted for demographics; physical activity; smoking; intention to gain/lose weight; and total energy intake. Effect modification by sex was tested. Three DPs were identified: Prudent; Western; and Alcohol. Greater adherence to the Prudent DP was associated with favorable anthropometric outcomes. The Alcohol DP was associated with a favorable lipid profile. Associations between the Western DP and blood lipids differed by sex; with unfavorable impact observed only among males. Our findings add to the literature linking DPs in young adults with measurable adiposity and cardiometabolic outcomes; suggesting that improving nutrition among college students could reduce chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Blondin
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Megan P Mueller
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Peter J Bakun
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Silvina F Choumenkovitch
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, Center for Population Health & Health Disparities, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Suite 4, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Christina D Economos
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Abstract
Dietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010-11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r 0·51-0·58) and n-3 (r 0·25-0·31) (all P<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r 0·20-0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r 0·13-0·21) (all P<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.
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Eide IA, Jenssen T, Hartmann A, Diep LM, Dahle DO, Reisæter AV, Bjerve KS, Christensen JH, Schmidt EB, Svensson M. Plasma levels of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and renal allograft survival. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:160-7. [PMID: 26410884 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial function, lipid profile and blood pressure that may prevent graft loss. METHODS In this observational cohort study in Norwegian renal transplant recipients (n = 1990), transplanted between 1999 and 2011, associations between plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels and graft loss were assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography and individual fatty acids recorded as weight percentage (wt%) of total fatty acids in a stable phase 10 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 6.8 years, 569 (28.6%) renal allografts were lost, either due to patient death (n = 340, 59.8% of graft loss) or graft loss in surviving patients (n = 229, 40.2%). Plasma marine n-3 PUFA levels ranged from 1.35 to 23.87 wt%, with a median level of 7.95 wt% (interquartile range 6.20-10.03 wt%). When adjusting for established graft loss risk factors, there was a 11% reduced risk of graft loss for every 1.0 wt% increase in marine n-3 PUFA level [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.93], and a 10% reduced risk of graft loss in surviving patients (adjusted HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84-0.97). CONCLUSION High levels of plasma marine n-3 PUFAs were associated with better renal allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar A Eide
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders Hartmann
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lien M Diep
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Health Care Economics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag O Dahle
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna V Reisæter
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway The Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian S Bjerve
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erik B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - My Svensson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Shin D, Song S, Krumhar K, Song WO. Snack patterns are associated with biomarkers of glucose metabolism in US men. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:595-602. [PMID: 26186098 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1064873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have made distinctions between dietary intake from meals and snacks in relating them to biomarkers. We aimed to examine if snack patterns are associated with biomarkers of glucose metabolism, specifically hemoglobin A1c and HOMA-IR in US adults. Using 24-h dietary recall data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2008, we derived snack patterns using factor analyses. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for biomarkers of glucose metabolism by quintiles of snack pattern scores. Men in the highest quintile of dairy and sugary snack pattern had higher risk of having hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5% (AOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.20-3.51) and HOMA-IR > 3.0 (AOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.01-2.95) than did those in the lowest quintile. No significant association was found in women between snack patterns and biomarkers of glucose metabolism. Dairy and sugary snack patterns of US men had the greatest association with poor control of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI , USA and
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Funtikova AN, Gomez SF, Fitó M, Elosua R, Benítez-Arciniega AA, Schröder H. Effect of energy under-reporting on secular trends of dietary patterns in a mediterranean population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127647. [PMID: 26023775 PMCID: PMC4449204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is an important factor in the prevention of chronic diseases. Analysis of secular trends of dietary patterns can be biased by energy under-reporting. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyse the impact of energy under-reporting on dietary patterns and secular trends in dietary patterns defined by cluster analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS Two cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted in Spain, in 2000 and 2005, with 3058 and 6352 participants, respectively, aged 25 to 74 years. Validated questionnaire was used to collect dietary data. Cluster analysis was run separately for all participants, plausible energy reporters (PER), and energy under-reporters (EUR) to define dietary patterns. RESULTS Three clusters, "healthy", "mixed" and "western", were identified for both surveys. The "mixed" cluster was the predominant cluster in both surveys. Excluding EUR reduced the proportion of the "mixed" cluster up to 6.40% in the 2000 survey; this caused secular trend increase in the prevalence of the "mixed" pattern. Cross-classification analysis of all participants and PER' data showed substantial agreement in cluster assignments: 68.7% in 2000 and 84.4% in 2005. Excluding EUR did not cause meaningful (≥ 15%) changes in the "healthy" pattern. It provoked changes in consumption of some food groups in the "mixed" and "western" patterns: mainly decreases of unhealthy foods within the 2000 and increases of unhealthy foods within the 2005 surveys. Secular trend effects of EUR were similar to those within the 2005 survey. Excluding EUR reversed the direction of secular trends in consumption of several food groups in PER in the "mixed" and "western" patterns. CONCLUSIONS EUR affected distribution of participants between dietary patterns within and between surveys, secular trends in food group consumption and amount of food consumed in all, but not in the "healthy" pattern. Our findings emphasize threats from energy under-reporting in dietary data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Funtikova
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN-ULEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- PhD program “Foods and Nutrition”, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Gomez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN-ULEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación THAO, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN-ULEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics (EGEC-ULEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN-ULEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Catsburg C, Kim RS, Kirsh VA, Soskolne CL, Kreiger N, Rohan TE. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: a study in 2 cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:817-23. [PMID: 25833979 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.097659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for a role of dietary risk factors in the cause of breast cancer has been inconsistent. The evaluation of overall dietary patterns instead of foods in isolation may better reflect the nature of true dietary exposure in a population. OBJECTIVE We used 2 cohort studies to identify and confirm associations between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk. DESIGN Dietary patterns were derived by using a principal components factor analysis in 1097 breast cancer cases and an age-stratified subcohort of 3320 women sampled from 39,532 female participants in the Canadian Study of Diet, Lifestyle and Health (CSDLH). We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis in 49,410 subjects in the National Breast Screening Study (NBSS) in whom 3659 cases of incident breast cancer developed. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs for the association between derived dietary factors and risk of breast cancer in both cohorts. RESULTS The following 3 dietary factors were identified from the CSDLH: healthy, ethnic, and meat and potatoes. In the CSDLH, the healthy dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer (HR for high compared with low quintiles: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.91; P-trend = 0.001), and the meat and potatoes dietary pattern was associated with increased risk in postmenopausal women only (HR for high compared with low quintiles: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.73; P-trend = 0.043). In the NBSS, the association between the meat and potatoes pattern and postmenopausal breast cancer risk was confirmed (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.76; P-trend = 0.043), but there was no association between the healthy pattern and risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION Adherence to a plant-based diet that limits red meat intake may be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Catsburg
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
| | - Ryung S Kim
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
| | - Victoria A Kirsh
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
| | - Colin L Soskolne
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
| | - Nancy Kreiger
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CC, RSK, and TER); Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (VAK and NK); the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (CLS); and the Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (CLS)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate dietary and non-dietary characteristics of wholegrain bread eaters in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using an FFQ. SETTING Women were divided into two groups according to wholegrain bread consumption. SUBJECTS Adult women (n 69 471). RESULTS Median daily consumption of standardized slices of wholegrain bread was 2·5 in the low intake group and 4·5 in the high intake group. The OR for high wholegrain bread consumption was 0·28, 2·19 and 4·63 for the first, third and fourth quartile of energy intake, respectively, compared with the second quartile. Living outside Oslo or in East Norway and having a high level of physical activity were associated with high wholegrain bread consumption. BMI and smoking were inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Intake of many food items was positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·01). After adjustment for energy intake, consumption of most food items was inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·001). The mean intakes of thiamin and Fe were higher in those with high wholegrain bread consumption, even after taking energy intake into account. CONCLUSIONS Energy intake was strongly positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Geographical differences in wholegrain bread consumption were observed. Our study suggests that women with high wholegrain bread consumption do not generally have a healthier diet than those who eat less wholegrain bread, but that they tend to be healthier in regard to other lifestyle factors.
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Åsli LA, Braaten T, Olsen A, Lund E, Skeie G. What characterises women who eat potatoes? A cross-sectional study among 74,208 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:25703. [PMID: 25701150 PMCID: PMC4336352 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.25703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of potato consumption have shown that age, region, socioeconomic status, and household structure are important determinants. Objective This study aims to map which factors influence potato consumption among women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. Design A cross-sectional study using a postal questionnaire among 74,208 NOWAC participants aged 41–70. Results Results showed that 56% of the women ate at least two potatoes a day. A north–south gradient in potato consumption was observed in logistic regression models (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 3.19–3.64 for the north compared to the capital). Women in households with children had lower odds of high potato consumption than women living only with a partner, and women who lived alone had the lowest odds of all (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.37–0.41). Smokers had higher odds of high potato consumption, while diabetics had lower odds. The odds of high potato consumption were greater among older women, and among those with lower income and education. In a sub-cohort, women who were dieting had lower odds of high potato consumption. Consumption of different foods varied in the low versus the high potato consumption group, with largest effect for fish and pasta/rice. The groups had similar nutrient densities. Conclusions In addition to lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, health-related factors like smoking and diabetes were found to influence potato consumption. The high potato consumption group had an especially high consumption of fish and a low consumption of pasta/rice, though the nutrient density in the groups was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene A Åsli
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Evaluation of dietary patterns among Norwegian postmenopausal women using plasma carotenoids as biomarkers. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:672-82. [PMID: 25622727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined dietary patterns in various populations. However, to study to what extent such patterns capture meaningful differences in consumption of foods is of interest. In the present study, we identified important dietary patterns in Norwegian postmenopausal women (age 50-69 years, n 361), and evaluated these patterns by examining their associations with plasma carotenoids. Diet was assessed by a 253-item FFQ. These 253 food items were categorised into forty-six food groups, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. We used the partial correlation coefficient (r(adj)) and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the associations between the dietary patterns and the plasma carotenoids α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin. Overall, four dietary patterns were identified: the 'Western'; 'Vegetarian'; 'Continental'; 'High-protein'. The 'Western' dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and total carotenoids (-0·25 ≤ r(adj) ≤ -0·13). The 'Vegetarian' dietary pattern scores were significantly positively correlated with all the plasma carotenoids (0·15 ≤ r(adj) ≤ 0·24). The 'Continental' dietary pattern scores were significantly inversely correlated with plasma lutein and α-carotene (r(adj) = -0·13). No significant association between the 'High-protein' dietary pattern scores and the plasma carotenoids was found. In conclusion, the healthy dietary pattern, the 'Vegetarian' pattern, is associated with a more favourable profile of the plasma carotenoids than our unhealthy dietary patterns, the 'Western' and 'Continental' patterns.
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Olsen KS, Aksnes L, Frøyland L, Lund E, Rylander C. Vitamin D status and PUFA ratios in a national representative cross-section of healthy, middle-aged Norwegian women – The Norwegian Women and Cancer Post-Genome Cohort. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:814-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494814550519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Vitamin D and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are derived from partially overlapping sources. Vitamin D is produced in the skin after sun exposure, but is also derived from fatty fish and fish oils. Dietary PUFAs are mainly derived from plant oils that are rich in n-6 PUFAs, but fatty fish provides high amounts of the marine n-3 PUFAs. The Western diet provides an excess of n-6 PUFAs compared to n-3 PUFAs, and the ratios of these may influence human health. Here, we investigated the potential associations of plasma concentrations of vitamin D, marine PUFAs and PUFA ratios. Methods: Plasma concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D), marine PUFAs, and PUFA ratios were measured in 372 women from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Post-Genome Cohort. Covariability was examined in 310 non-users of cod liver oil, using Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression. Results: In non-users of cod liver oil, the average concentration of vitamin D was 40.3 nmol/L, and marine PUFA concentration was 0.2 mg/g. PUFA ratios were dominated by the n-6 fatty acids. Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with marine fatty acids and weakly associated with PUFA ratios. Conclusions: Concentrations of vitamin D and marine PUFAs were below recommended levels. The correlation analyses indicated that health-related effects of vitamin D and marine PUFAs respectively may be hard to separate in epidemiological studies. However, measured health effects of PUFA ratios and vitamin D are likely to derive from the influence of the two factors separately. The presented results are the first to show these associations in a nationally representative cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Standahl Olsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lage Aksnes
- Departments of Clinical Science
- Section for Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Sugawara N, Yasui-Furukori N, Sato Y, Saito M, Furukori H, Nakagami T, Ishioka M, Kaneko S. Dietary patterns are associated with obesity in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:184. [PMID: 24947974 PMCID: PMC4087244 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity among patients with schizophrenia is a growing concern because being overweight is widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. Dietary patterns have been suggested as one modifiable factor that may play a role in development of obesity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and obesity among patients with schizophrenia in Japan. METHODS We recruited patients (n = 338) aged 44.0 ± 13.2 (mean ± SD) years with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who were admitted to four psychiatric hospitals using a cross-sectional design. Diet was assessed with a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Dietary patterns from 52 predefined food groups were extracted by principal component analysis. RESULTS A total of 61 subjects (18.0%) were classified as obese. Three dietary patterns were identified: the healthy dietary pattern, the processed food dietary pattern, and the alcohol and accompanying dietary patterns. After adjusting for age and gender, patients within the high tertile of each healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.62) and processed food dietary pattern (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.89) had a significantly lower risk for obesity compared with low tertile of dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dietary patterns, including higher intake of protein, fat, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins, may be related to a decreased prevalence of obesity within patients with schizophrenia. Future longitudinal research exploring dietary patterns and obesity among patients with schizophrenia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Sugawara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki-Aiseikai Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hanako Furukori
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuroishi-Akebono Hospital, Kuroishi, Japan
| | - Taku Nakagami
- Department of Psychiatry, Odate Municipal General Hospital, Odate, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Sunao Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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Dietary patterns and whole grain cereals in the Scandinavian countries – differences and similarities. The HELGA project. Public Health Nutr 2014; 18:905-15. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo identify dietary patterns with whole grains as a main focus to see if there is a similar whole grain pattern in the three Scandinavian countries; Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Another objective is to see if items suggested for a Nordic Food Index will form a typical Nordic pattern when using factor analysis.SettingThe HELGA study population is based on samples of existing cohorts: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, the Swedish Västerbotten cohort and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. The HELGA study aims to generate knowledge about the health effects of whole grain foods.SubjectsThe study included a total of 119 913 participants.DesignThe associations among food variables from FFQ were investigated by principal component analysis. Only food groups common for all three cohorts were included. High factor loading of a food item shows high correlation of the item to the specific diet pattern.ResultsThe main whole grain for Denmark and Sweden was rye, while Norway had highest consumption of wheat. Three similar patterns were found: a cereal pattern, a meat pattern and a bread pattern. However, even if the patterns look similar, the food items belonging to the patterns differ between countries.ConclusionsHigh loadings on breakfast cereals and whole grain oat were common in the cereal patterns for all three countries. Thus, the cereal pattern may be considered a common Scandinavian whole grain pattern. Food items belonging to a Nordic Food Index were distributed between different patterns.
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Identifying dietary patterns and associated health-related lifestyle factors in the adult Danish population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:736-40. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rylander C, Sandanger TM, Engeset D, Lund E. Consumption of lean fish reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective population based cohort study of Norwegian women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89845. [PMID: 24587071 PMCID: PMC3933657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of fish consumption and n-3 fatty acids on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have recently been debated. Objective We explored the risk of T2DM in relation to consumption of lean fish, fatty fish, fish products and total fish as well as cod liver oil supplements in a representative sample of Norwegian women. Design This was a prospective population based cohort study in 33740 women free of T2DM, stroke, angina or heart attack and with detailed information on important co-variates and dietary intake at baseline. Risk ratios and corresponding 95% CI were estimated using Poisson regression with log-person time as offset. Results Lean fish consumption was inversely associated with T2DM compared to zero intake. Risk ratios and 95% CI for intake of 75 and 100 g lean fish per day were 0.71 (0.51, 0.98) and 0.67 (0.46, 0.98), respectively. There was no effect of intake of fatty fish, fish products, total fish or use of cod liver oil supplements on the risk of T2DM. Conclusion Lean fish consumption of 75–100 g/d had a beneficial effect on T2DM. It remains unclear whether lean fish in itself has a protective effect on T2DM or that lean fish consumers have a protective life-style that we were not able to take into account in this study. Unfavorable effects of fatty fish consumption or use of cod liver oil supplements on T2DM were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Torkjel M. Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NILU, Fram- High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dagrun Engeset
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Link LB, Canchola AJ, Bernstein L, Clarke CA, Stram DO, Ursin G, Horn-Ross PL. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1524-32. [PMID: 24108781 PMCID: PMC3831538 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence that diet is associated with breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Most studies have examined risks associated with specific foods and nutrients, rather than measures of overall diet. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate dietary patterns and their relation to breast cancer risk in a large cohort of women. DESIGN Data from 91,779 women in the California Teachers Study cohort were analyzed, including data from 4140 women with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer made between 1995 and 2009. Five predominant dietary patterns were identified by using principal components factor analysis: a plant-based diet, high in fruit and vegetables; a high-protein, high-fat diet, high in meats, eggs, fried foods, and high-fat condiments; a high-carbohydrate diet, high in convenience foods, pasta, and bread products; an ethnic diet, high in legumes, soy-based foods, rice, and dark-green leafy vegetables; and a salad and wine diet, high in lettuce, fish, wine, low-fat salad dressing, and coffee and tea. RESULTS The plant-based pattern was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.95 for the highest compared with the lowest consumption quintile; P-trend = 0.003); risk reduction was greater for estrogen receptor-negative progesterone receptor-negative (ER-PR-) tumors (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.91; P-trend = 0.03). The salad and wine pattern was associated with an increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive progesterone receptor-positive tumors (RR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.49); this effect was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The finding that greater consumption of a plant-based dietary pattern is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, particularly for ER-PR- tumors, offers a potential avenue for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli B Link
- From Cancer Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY (LBL); the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (AJC, CAC, and PLH-R); the Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (CAC and PLH-R); the Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA (LB); the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (DOS and GU); the Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway (GU); and the Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (GU)
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Min Y, Blois A, Geppert J, Khalil F, Ghebremeskel K, Holmsen H. Dietary fat intake, circulating and membrane fatty acid composition of healthy Norwegian men and women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:69-75. [PMID: 23627906 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the dietary fat intake and blood fatty acid status of healthy Norwegian men and women living in Bergen whose habitual diet is known to be high in long-chain omega-3 fat. METHODS Healthy men (n = 41) and women (n = 40) aged 20-50 years who were regular blood donors completed 7-day food diaries and their nutrient intake was analysed by Norwegian food database software, kbs, version 4.9 (kostberegningssystem; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway). Blood samples were obtained before blood donation and assessed for the fatty acid composition of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, and red cell phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. RESULTS There was no difference in dietary fat intake between men and women. Total and saturated fat intakes exceeded the upper limits of the recommendations of the National Nutrition Council of Norway. Although polyunsaturated fat intake was close to the lower limit of the recommended level, the intake varied greatly among individuals, partly as a result of the use of supplementary fish oil. Moreover, the proportional fatty acid composition of plasma and red cell lipids was similar between men and women. Enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid in red cell phosphatidylethanolamine was found in fish oil users. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study provide a snapshot of the current nutritional status of healthy Norwegian adults. Moreover, the detailed blood fatty acid composition of men and women whose habitual diet constitutes high long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fat as well as saturated fat could be used as reference value for population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Min
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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Kimokoti RW, Newby PK. Dietary Patterns, Smoking, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Complex Association. Curr Nutr Rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-013-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fitzgerald A, Heary C, Kelly C, Nixon E, Shevlin M. Self-efficacy for healthy eating and peer support for unhealthy eating are associated with adolescents’ food intake patterns. Appetite 2013; 63:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Evaluation of methodologies for assessing the overall diet: dietary quality scores and dietary pattern analysis. Proc Nutr Soc 2013; 72:191-9. [PMID: 23360896 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to describe different approaches for studying the overall diet with advantages and limitations. Studies of the overall diet have emerged because the relationship between dietary intake and health is very complex with all kinds of interactions. These cannot be captured well by studying single dietary components. Three main approaches to study the overall diet can be distinguished. The first method is researcher-defined scores or indices of diet quality. These are usually based on guidelines for a healthy diet or on diets known to be healthy. The second approach, using principal component or cluster analysis, is driven by the underlying dietary data. In principal component analysis, scales are derived based on the underlying relationships between food groups, whereas in cluster analysis, subgroups of the population are created with people that cluster together based on their dietary intake. A third approach includes methods that are driven by a combination of biological pathways and the underlying dietary data. Reduced rank regression defines linear combinations of food intakes that maximally explain nutrient intakes or intermediate markers of disease. Decision tree analysis identifies subgroups of a population whose members share dietary characteristics that influence (intermediate markers of) disease. It is concluded that all approaches have advantages and limitations and essentially answer different questions. The third approach is still more in an exploration phase, but seems to have great potential with complementary value. More insight into the utility of conducting studies on the overall diet can be gained if more attention is given to methodological issues.
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Hosseini-Esfahani F, Djazaieri SA, Mirmiran P, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. Which food patterns are predictors of obesity in Tehranian adults? JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 44:564-573. [PMID: 21652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether changes in food patterns over a period of 6 years were related to obesity in Tehranian adults. DESIGN Data on dietary intake, using the food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometry were obtained in 2 periods of the survey (1999-2001 and 2005-2007). SETTING Participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred six adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Waist circumference, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. ANALYSIS Food patterns were derived using factor analysis. RESULTS Three dietary patterns, the healthful (HDP), the western (WDP), and the mix, were identified. Increased WDP score was directly related to change in body mass index (β = .41, R(2) = 0.22, P < .001) among overweight/obese individuals. Alterations in waist circumference was better predicted by increased WDP score (β = .49, R(2) = 0.21, P < .01) than by increased HDP score (β = -.20, R(2) = 0.11, P < .05). Subjects in the higher quartile of increased HDP score had lesser change in waist-to-hip ratio (β = -.77, R(2) = 0.43, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results of this study indicate that increased adherence to the WDP and decreased adherence to the HDP could contribute to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Giuli C, Papa R, Mocchegiani E, Marcellini F. Dietary habits and ageing in a sample of Italian older people. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:875-9. [PMID: 23208025 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse dietary habits and explore the role of socioeconomic status in a sample of elderly Italians. STUDY DESIGN Observational. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 306 elderly subjects aged 65 and over living in the Marche Region (Italy). MEASUREMENTS Assessment of dietary habits and life-style characteristics using a "Life-style questionnaire". Nutritional data collected by means of a 53-item "Frequency food questionnaire". RESULTS The study revealed differences in dietary patterns and food consumption. Age was negatively related to all food categories. Some socio-economic characteristics (level of education and economic status) were correlated with consumption of many foods, such ad Fish, Red Meat and Diary products. Between-the-sexes differences were also documented. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the nutritional and dietary habits varied greatly within the sample investigated. The mapping of these dietary and nutritional patterns may be of value for future research in elderly populations, particularly those with low educational status and poor economic means. Conclusively, greater promotion of healthy dietary habits should be targeted towards elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giuli
- INRCA (Italian National Institute on Aging), Geriatrics Operative Unit, Contrada Mossa, Fermo, Italy.
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Alcohol Consumption, Beverage Preference, and Diet in Middle-Aged Men from the STANISLAS Study. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:987243. [PMID: 23056930 PMCID: PMC3465914 DOI: 10.1155/2012/987243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The question about differences in dietary patterns associated with beer, wine, and spirits is still unresolved. We used diet data from 423 middle-aged males of the STANISLAS Study. Using adjusted values for covariates, we observed a negative significant association between increasing alcohol intakes and the consumption of milk, yogurt, and fresh/uncured cheese, sugar and confectionery, vegetables and fruits, and a significant positive relationship with cheese, meat and organs, pork-butcher's meat, and potatoes. In addition, the first dietary pattern identified by factor analysis (characterized a more prudent diet) was inversely related to alcohol intakes. Conversely, when analyzing daily consumption of specific food groups and diet patterns according to beverage preference (wine, beer, and spirits), no significant difference was observed. In conclusion, in this sample of middle-aged French males, there was a linear trend between increasing alcohol intakes and worsening of quality of diet, while no difference was observed according to beverage preference.
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The use of cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns: methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71:599-609. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, dietary pattern analysis has come to the forefront of nutritional epidemiology, where the combined effects of total diet on health can be examined. Two analytical approaches are commonly used: a priori and a posteriori. Cluster analysis is a commonly used a posteriori approach, where dietary patterns are derived based on differences in mean dietary intake separating individuals into mutually exclusive, non-overlapping groups. This review examines the literature on dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in adult population groups, focusing, in particular, on methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. There is a wealth of research suggesting that the human diet can be described in terms of a limited number of eating patterns in healthy population groups using cluster analysis, where studies have accounted for differences in sex, age, socio-economic status, geographical area and weight status. Furthermore, patterns have been used to explore relationships with health and chronic diseases and more recently with nutritional biomarkers, suggesting that these patterns are biologically meaningful. Overall, it is apparent that consistent trends emerge when using cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns; however, future studies should focus on the inconsistencies in methodology and the effect of energy mis-reporting.
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