1
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Stam W, Margadant C. SCUBE2, where are you? Recruitment of SCUBE2 to adherens junctions preserves vascular health and integrity. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae182. [PMID: 39239935 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Stam
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Gorleaus Building, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Coert Margadant
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Gorleaus Building, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Han Z, Zhang J, Su Y, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhao Y, He S, Wang R. Identification of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in moyamoya disease by combining bulk RNA-sequencing analysis and machine learning. Front Genet 2024; 15:1417329. [PMID: 38919950 PMCID: PMC11197386 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1417329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that can lead to ischemia and hemorrhagic stroke. The relationship between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and MMD pathogenesis remains unknown. Methods: The gene expression data of 60 participants were acquired from three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, including 36 and 24 in the MMD and control groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MMD patients MMD and control groups were identified. Machine learning was used to select the key OXPHOS-related genes associated with MMD from the intersection of DEGs and OXPHOS-related gene sets. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Immune infiltration and microenvironments analysis were used to analyze the function of key genes. Machine learning selected four key OXPHOS-related genes associated with MMD: CSK, NARS2, PTPN6 and SMAD2 (PTPN6 was upregulated and the other three were downregulated). Results: Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, GAP junction, and RNA degradation, which are related to several biological processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and cytoskeleton regulation. Immune analysis revealed immune infiltration and microenvironment in these MMD samples and their relationships with four key OXPHOS-related genes. APC co-inhibition (p = 0.032), HLA (p = 0.001), MHC I (p = 0.013), T cellco- inhibition (p = 0.032) and Type I IFN responses (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the MMD groups than those in the control groups. The CSK positively correlated with APC co-inhibition and T cell-co-inhibition. The NARS2 negatively correlated with Type I IFN response. The SMAD2 negatively correlated with APC co-inhibition and Type I IFN response. The PTPN6 positively correlated with HLA, MHC I and Type I IFN responses. Discussion: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of OXPHOS in MMD and will contribute to the development of new treatment methods and exploration of MMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 82nd Group Army Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Carlantoni C, Liekfeld LMH, Hemkemeyer SA, Schreier D, Saygi C, Kurelic R, Cardarelli S, Kalucka J, Schulte C, Beerens M, Mailer RK, Schäffer TE, Naro F, Pellegrini M, Nikolaev VO, Renné T, Frye M. The phosphodiesterase 2A controls lymphatic junctional maturation via cGMP-dependent notch signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:308-325.e11. [PMID: 38159569 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels induce cell contact inhibition are not understood. Here, we identify the cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) as a selective regulator of lymphatic but not of blood endothelial contact inhibition. Conditional deletion of Pde2a in mouse embryos reveals severe lymphatic dysplasia, whereas blood vessel architecture remains unaltered. In the absence of PDE2A, human lymphatic endothelial cells fail to induce mature junctions and cell cycle arrest, whereas cGMP levels, but not cAMP levels, are increased. Loss of PDE2A-mediated cGMP hydrolysis leads to the activation of p38 signaling and downregulation of NOTCH signaling. However, DLL4-induced NOTCH activation restores junctional maturation and contact inhibition in PDE2A-deficient human lymphatic endothelial cells. In postnatal mouse mesenteries, PDE2A is specifically enriched in collecting lymphatic valves, and loss of Pde2a results in the formation of abnormal valves. Our data demonstrate that PDE2A selectively finetunes a crosstalk of cGMP, p38, and NOTCH signaling during lymphatic vessel maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carlantoni
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon M H Liekfeld
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danny Schreier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ceren Saygi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Roberta Kurelic
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Schulte
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manu Beerens
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabio Naro
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Campus A. Buzzati Traverso, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Maldonado H, Leyton L. CSK-mediated signalling by integrins in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1214787. [PMID: 37519303 PMCID: PMC10382208 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1214787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and metastasis are processes heavily controlled by the integrin receptor family. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that constitute the central components of mechanosensing complexes called focal adhesions, which connect the extracellular environment with the cell interior. Focal adhesions act as key players in cancer progression by regulating biological processes, such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Src family kinases (SFKs) can interplay with integrins and their downstream effectors. SFKs also integrate extracellular cues sensed by integrins and growth factor receptors (GFR), transducing them to coordinate metastasis and cell survival in cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase CSK is a well-known SFK member that suppresses SFK activity by phosphorylating its specific negative regulatory loop (C-terminal Y527 residue). Consequently, CSK may play a pivotal role in tumour progression and suppression by inhibiting SFK oncogenic effects in several cancer types. Remarkably, CSK can localise near focal adhesions when SFKs are activated and even interact with focal adhesion components, such as phosphorylated FAK and Paxillin, among others, suggesting that CSK may regulate focal adhesion dynamics and structure. Even though SFK oncogenic signalling has been extensively described before, the specific role of CSK and its crosstalk with integrins in cancer progression, for example, in mechanosensing, remain veiled. Here, we review how CSK, by regulating SFKs, can regulate integrin signalling, and focus on recent discoveries of mechanotransduction. We additionally examine the cross talk of integrins and GFR as well as the membrane availability of these receptors in cancer. We also explore new pharmaceutical approaches to these signalling pathways and analyse them as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Maldonado
- Receptor Dynamics in Cancer Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sharma D, Kaur G, Bisen S, Sharma A, Ibrahim AS, Singh NK. IL-33 via PKCμ/PRKD1 Mediated α-Catenin Phosphorylation Regulates Endothelial Cell-Barrier Integrity and Ischemia-Induced Vascular Leakage. Cells 2023; 12:703. [PMID: 36899839 PMCID: PMC10001418 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, neovascularization, and vascular remodeling are highly dynamic processes, where endothelial cell-cell adhesion within the vessel wall controls a range of physiological processes, such as growth, integrity, and barrier function. The cadherin-catenin adhesion complex is a key contributor to inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) integrity and dynamic cell movements. However, the pre-eminent role of cadherins and their associated catenins in iBRB structure and function is not fully understood. Using a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVECs), we try to understand the significance of IL-33 on retinal endothelial barrier disruption, leading to abnormal angiogenesis and enhanced vascular permeability. Using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) analysis and FITC-dextran permeability assay, we observed that IL-33 at a 20 ng/mL concentration induced endothelial-barrier disruption in HRMVECs. The adherens junction (AJs) proteins play a prominent role in the selective diffusion of molecules from the blood to the retina and in maintaining retinal homeostasis. Therefore, we looked for the involvement of adherens junction proteins in IL-33-mediated endothelial dysfunction. We observed that IL-33 induces α-catenin phosphorylation at serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) residues in HRMVECs. Furthermore, mass-spectroscopy (MS) analysis revealed that IL-33 induces the phosphorylation of α-catenin at Thr654 residue in HRMVECs. We also observed that PKCμ/PRKD1-p38 MAPK signaling regulates IL-33-induced α-catenin phosphorylation and retinal endothelial cell-barrier integrity. Our OIR studies revealed that genetic deletion of IL-33 resulted in reduced vascular leakage in the hypoxic retina. We also observed that the genetic deletion of IL-33 reduced OIR-induced PKCμ/PRKD1-p38 MAPK-α-catenin signaling in the hypoxic retina. Therefore, we conclude that IL-33-induced PKCμ/PRKD1-p38 MAPK-α-catenin signaling plays a significant role in endothelial permeability and iBRB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shivantika Bisen
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Garnier O, Vilgrain I. Dialogue between VE-Cadherin and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor1 (S1PR1) for Protecting Endothelial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044018. [PMID: 36835432 PMCID: PMC9959973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells (EC) of established blood vessels in adults remain extraordinarily quiescent in the sense that they are not actively proliferating, but they fulfill the necessary role to control the permeability of their monolayer that lines the interior of blood vessels. The cell-cell junctions between ECs in the endothelium comprise tight junctions and adherens homotypic junctions, which are ubiquitous along the vascular tree. Adherens junctions are adhesive intercellular contacts that are crucial for the organization of the EC monolayer and its maintenance and regulation of normal microvascular function. The molecular components and underlying signaling pathways that control the association of adherens junctions have been described in the last few years. In contrast, the role that dysfunction of these adherens junctions has in contributing to human vascular disease remains an important open issue. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator found at high concentrations in blood which has important roles in the control of the vascular permeability, cell recruitment, and clotting that follow inflammatory processes. This role of S1P is achieved through a signaling pathway mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors designated as S1PR1. This review highlights novel evidence for a direct linkage between S1PR1 signaling and the mediation of EC cohesive properties that are controlled by VE-cadherin.
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7
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Fortner A, Chera A, Tanca A, Bucur O. Apoptosis regulation by the tyrosine-protein kinase CSK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1078180. [PMID: 36578781 PMCID: PMC9792154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1078180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) is a cytosolic tyrosine-protein kinase with an important role in regulating critical cellular decisions, such as cellular apoptosis, survival, proliferation, cytoskeletal organization and many others. Current knowledge on the CSK mechanisms of action, regulation and functions is still at an early stage, most of CSK's known actions and functions being mediated by the negative regulation of the SRC family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs) through phosphorylation. As SFKs play a vital role in apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival regulation, SFK inhibition by CSK has a pro-apoptotic effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of cellular signaling cascades controlled by SFKs, such as the MAPK/ERK, STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Abnormal functioning of CSK and SFK activation can lead to diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological manifestations. This review describes apoptosis regulation by CSK, CSK inhibition of the SFKs and further explores the clinical relevance of CSK in important pathologies, such as cancer, autoimmune, autoinflammatory, neurologic diseases, hypertension and HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Fortner
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chera
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoanela Tanca
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania,Viron Molecular Medicine Institute, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Octavian Bucur, ; Antoanela Tanca,
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Surdel MC, Hahn BL, Anderson PN, Coburn J. Heterologous production of the adhesin LIC13411 from pathogenic Leptospira facilitates binding of non-pathogenic Leptospira in vitro and in vivo. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:917963. [PMID: 35937702 PMCID: PMC9354625 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.917963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease severity ranges from asymptomatic colonization to widespread hemorrhage and multiorgan dysfunction. The causative agents, Leptospira spp., are zoonotic Gram-negative spirochetes. One important step in pathogenesis is binding of bacterial adhesins to host components. Previously our laboratory identified two L. interrogans candidate adhesins, LIC11574 and LIC13411, that bind to VE-cadherin in vitro. In the current study, we demonstrate the ability of two strains of pathogenic L. interrogans to disrupt the localization of VE-cadherin, a protein important to maintaining inter-endothelial junctions. Purified MBP-LIC11574 and MBP-LIC13411 bind human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a pattern reminiscent of VE-cadherin, but do not disrupt VE-cadherin localization. Genes encoding the candidate adhesins from pathogenic Leptospira were cloned in an overexpression vector and introduced into non-pathogenic L. biflexa, creating gain-of-function strains producing LIC11574 or LIC13411. Protein production and localization to the outer membrane were confirmed by Triton X-114 fractionation. Although these strains do not disrupt VE-cadherin localization, production of LIC13411 increases binding of non-pathogenic Leptospira to human endothelial cells and specifically to VE-cadherin. In a short-term murine model of infection, LIC13411 production led to increased burdens of the non-pathogen in the lung, liver, kidney, and bladder. These data confirm the role of LIC13411 as an adhesin in Leptospira spp. and implicate it in dissemination to multiple organs. Importantly, anti-adhesin therapy has been shown to have many benefits over classical antibiotics. Taken together, this work provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of Leptospira spp. and identifies LIC13411 as a potential prophylactic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Surdel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Beth L. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Phillip N. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jenifer Coburn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Jenifer Coburn,
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Tawaratsumida K, Redecke V, Wu R, Kuriakose J, Bouchard JJ, Mittag T, Lohman BK, Mishra A, High AA, Häcker H. A phospho-tyrosine-based signaling module using SPOP, CSK, and LYN controls TLR-induced IRF activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0084. [PMID: 35857476 PMCID: PMC9269885 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen- and host-derived factors and control immune responses via the adaptor protein MyD88 and members of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. IRFs orchestrate key effector functions, including cytokine release, cell differentiation, and, under certain circumstances, inflammation pathology. Here, we show that IRF activity is generically controlled by the Src kinase family member LYN, which phosphorylates all TLR-induced IRFs at a conserved tyrosine residue, resulting in K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IRFs. We further show that LYN activity is controlled by the upstream kinase C-terminal Src kinase (CSK), whose activity, in turn, is controlled by the adaptor protein SPOP, which serves as molecular bridge to recruit CSK into the TLR signaling complex and to activate CSK catalytic activity. Consistently, deletion of SPOP or CSK results in increased LYN activity, LYN-directed IRF degradation, and inhibition of IRF transcriptional activity. Together, the data reveal a key regulatory mechanism for IRF family members controlling TLR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tawaratsumida
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vanessa Redecke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ruiqiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeeba Kuriakose
- Children’s GMP, LLC., St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jill J. Bouchard
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tanja Mittag
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian K. Lohman
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony A. High
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hans Häcker
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Williams LM, Fujimoto T, Weaver RR, Logsdon AF, Evitts KM, Young JE, Banks WA, Erickson MA. Prolonged culturing of iPSC-derived brain endothelial-like cells is associated with quiescence, downregulation of glycolysis, and resistance to disruption by an Alzheimer’s brain milieu. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35123529 PMCID: PMC8817611 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (iBECs) are a robust, scalable, and translatable model of the human blood–brain barrier (BBB). Prior works have shown that high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) persists in iBECs for at least 2 weeks, emphasizing the utility of the model for longer term studies. However, most studies evaluate iBECs within the first few days of subculture, and little is known about their proliferative state, which could influence their functions. In this study, we characterized iBEC proliferative state in relation to key BBB properties at early (2 days) and late (9 days) post-subculture time points.
Methods
hiPSCs were differentiated into iBECs using fully defined, serum-free medium. The proportion of proliferating cells was determined by BrdU assays. We evaluated TEER, expression of glycolysis enzymes and tight and adherens junction proteins (TJP and AJP), and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) function by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and quantifying radiolabeled tracer permeabilities. We also compared barrier disruption in response to TNF-α and conditioned medium (CM) from hiPSC-derived neurons harboring the Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-causing Swedish mutation (APPSwe/+).
Results
A significant decline in iBEC proliferation over time in culture was accompanied by adoption of a more quiescent endothelial metabolic state, indicated by downregulation of glycolysis-related proteins and upregulation GLUT1. Interestingly, upregulation of GLUT1 was associated with reduced glucose transport rates in more quiescent iBECs. We also found significant decreases in claudin-5 (CLDN5) and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-Cad) and a trend toward a decrease in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), whereas zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) increased and occludin (OCLN) remained unchanged. Despite differences in TJP and AJP expression, there was no difference in mean TEER on day 2 vs. day 9. TNF-α induced disruption irrespective of iBEC proliferative state. Conversely, APPSwe/+ CM disrupted only proliferating iBEC monolayers.
Conclusion
iBECs can be used to study responses to disease-relevant stimuli in proliferating vs. more quiescent endothelial cell states, which may provide insight into BBB vulnerabilities in contexts of development, brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Zhou F, Elzi DJ, Jayabal P, Ma X, Chiu YC, Chen Y, Blackman B, Weintraub ST, Houghton PJ, Shiio Y. GDF6-CD99 Signaling Regulates Src and Ewing Sarcoma Growth. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108332. [PMID: 33147457 PMCID: PMC7688343 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that the autocrine signaling mediated by growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of cytokines, maintains Ewing sarcoma growth by preventing Src hyperactivation. Surprisingly, Ewing sarcoma depends on the prodomain, not the BMP domain, of GDF6. We demonstrate that the GDF6 prodomain is a ligand for CD99, a transmembrane protein that has been widely used as a marker of Ewing sarcoma. The binding of the GDF6 prodomain to the CD99 extracellular domain results in recruitment of CSK (C-terminal Src kinase) to the YQKKK motif in the intracellular domain of CD99, inhibiting Src activity. GDF6 silencing causes hyperactivation of Src and p21-dependent growth arrest. We demonstrate that two GDF6 prodomain mutants linked to Klippel-Feil syndrome are hyperactive in CD99-Src signaling. These results reveal a cytokine signaling pathway that regulates the CSK-Src axis and cancer cell proliferation and suggest the gain-of-function activity for disease-causing GDF6 mutants. Ewing sarcoma is driven by the EWS-ETS fusion oncoprotein, but little is known about the extracellular signaling regulating this cancer. Zhou et al. report that the prodomain of GDF6 is a ligand for CD99, inhibiting Src through CSK and maintaining Ewing sarcoma growth in an autocrine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Zhou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - David J Elzi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; BioAffinity Technologies, Inc., 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Panneerselvam Jayabal
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiuye Ma
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Chiu
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barron Blackman
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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12
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Cheung KCP, Fanti S, Mauro C, Wang G, Nair AS, Fu H, Angeletti S, Spoto S, Fogolari M, Romano F, Aksentijevic D, Liu W, Li B, Cheng L, Jiang L, Vuononvirta J, Poobalasingam TR, Smith DM, Ciccozzi M, Solito E, Marelli-Berg FM. Preservation of microvascular barrier function requires CD31 receptor-induced metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3595. [PMID: 32681081 PMCID: PMC7367815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier (EB) breaching is a frequent event during inflammation, and it is followed by the rapid recovery of microvascular integrity. The molecular mechanisms of EB recovery are poorly understood. Triggering of MHC molecules by migrating T-cells is a minimal signal capable of inducing endothelial contraction and transient microvascular leakage. Using this model, we show that EB recovery requires a CD31 receptor-induced, robust glycolytic response sustaining junction re-annealing. Mechanistically, this response involves src-homology phosphatase activation leading to Akt-mediated nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and concomitant β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, collectively leading to cMyc transcription. CD31 signals also sustain mitochondrial respiration, however this pathway does not contribute to junction remodeling. We further show that pathologic microvascular leakage in CD31-deficient mice can be corrected by enhancing the glycolytic flux via pharmacological Akt or AMPK activation, thus providing a molecular platform for the therapeutic control of EB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C P Cheung
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Mindelson Way, Birmingham, B152WB, UK
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anitha S Nair
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Spoto
- Internal Medicine Department, University campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Fogolari
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Romano
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thanushiyan R Poobalasingam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David M Smith
- AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita degli studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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13
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Liu Y, Mapow B. Coexistence of urogenital malformations in a female fetus with de novo 15q24 microdeletion and a literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1265. [PMID: 32400031 PMCID: PMC7336734 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 15q24 microdeletion is a relatively new syndrome caused by nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low‐copy repeats (LCRs) in the 15q24 chromosome region. This syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of clinical symptoms including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and congenital malformations of the extremities, eye, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and genitalia. Method Molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed using whole genome single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. Autopsy examination including gross and microscopic examination were performed. In addition, a thorough review of the literature on 15q24 microdeletion was completed and summarized in table format. Result Molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed a 3.88 MB interstitial deletion within 15q24.1 to 15q24.3 (74,353,735–78,228,485 bp) in our case. Autopsy examination showed congenital malformations within the genitourinary system and genitalia, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys. After thorough literature review, we found a series of midline defects associated with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome. Conclusion We report the first case of coexistence of urogenital abnormalities, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys, with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, which is also associated with midline defects secondary to abnormal development. Since 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a relatively new entity, fully characterizing its variation and severity requires additional examination of the genetics, molecular profile and structural and functional abnormalities in affected patients. Due to the limited data in the literature, statistical analysis of abnormalities in each organ system is not possible. However, we can predict that novel genetic pathways involving cell migration, adhesion, apoptosis, and embryo development might be discovered with the advanced study of 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beth Mapow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jefferson Health New jersey, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Smith RO, Ninchoji T, Gordon E, André H, Dejana E, Vestweber D, Kvanta A, Claesson-Welsh L. Vascular permeability in retinopathy is regulated by VEGFR2 Y949 signaling to VE-cadherin. eLife 2020; 9:54056. [PMID: 32312382 PMCID: PMC7188482 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edema stemming from leaky blood vessels is common in eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Whereas therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) can suppress leakage, side-effects include vascular rarefaction and geographic atrophy. By challenging mouse models representing different steps in VEGFA/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-induced vascular permeability, we show that targeting signaling downstream of VEGFR2 pY949 limits vascular permeability in retinopathy induced by high oxygen or by laser-wounding. Although suppressed permeability is accompanied by reduced pathological neoangiogenesis in oxygen-induced retinopathy, similarly sized lesions leak less in mutant mice, separating regulation of permeability from angiogenesis. Strikingly, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation at the Y685, but not Y658, residue is reduced when VEGFR2 pY949 signaling is impaired. These findings support a mechanism whereby VE-cadherin Y685 phosphorylation is selectively associated with excessive vascular leakage. Therapeutically, targeting VEGFR2-regulated VE-cadherin phosphorylation could suppress edema while leaving other VEGFR2-dependent functions intact. The number of people with impaired vision and blindness is increasing in Western society due to the aging population and the increased prevalence of diabetes. This has led to eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy becoming more common. In both these eye diseases, new blood vessels grow in the retina – the light-sensitive part of the eye – to bring oxygen and nutrients to the tissue. However, these new blood vessels are leaky and allow molecules to leave the bloodstream and enter the retinal tissue. This causes the retina to swell and impair a person’s vision. The leaky blood supply also reduces the amount of oxygen that gets to the tissue, resulting in further damage to the retina. When tissues experience low levels of oxygen, cells start making a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (or VEGF for short). Whilst this protein is important for helping form new blood vessels, it also makes these vessels leaky. Current treatments for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy decrease swelling in the eye by blocking the action of VEGF. However, these treatments also cause existing blood vessels and nerve cells to die, leading to irreversible damage. Now, Smith et al. have set out to find whether the effects of VEGF can be blocked without causing further damage to existing cells. To investigate this possibility, the eyes and retinas of mice were treated with a laser or exposed to changing oxygen levels to create injuries that resembled human age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Each of the tested mice had specific mutations in proteins known to interact with VEGF. Fluorescent particles were injected into the bloodstream of the mice to assess how these different mutations affected blood vessel leakage: if fluorescent particles could no longer be detected outside the blood vessels, this suggested that the mutation had stopped the vessels from leaking. Further experiments showed these specific mutations affected leakage and did not prevent new blood vessels from forming. In the future it will be important to see if drugs, rather than mutations, can also decrease the leakiness of blood vessels in the retina. Such chemical compounds could then be tested in mouse experiments. If successful, these drugs might be used to treat patients with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross O Smith
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Ninchoji
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,IFOM-IEO Campus Via Adamello, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Li R, Li L, Liu Y, Tang Y, Zhang R. VE-cadherin regulates migration inhibitory factor synthesis and release. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:877-887. [PMID: 31342095 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-mediated adherens junction is critical to maintain endothelial integrity. Besides its role of homophilic intercellular adhesion, VE-cadherin also has a role of outside-in signaling with functional consequences for vascular physiology. However, the nature of these signals remains not completely understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in cell culture experiments. Confluent HUVECs were treated with VE-cadherin function-blocking antibodies BV9 (50 μg/ml) or IgG control. Antibody array was used to screen for cytokine/chemokine in supernatant. For VE-cadherin knockdown, siRNA transfection was used. ELISA, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to confirm the expression of screened cytokine/chemokine. To explore the possible mechanisms, Scr phosphorylation was detected and Scr inhibitor PP2 (1 μM) was used. To investigate in vivo relevance of the findings, BV9 and the indicated neutralizing antibodies were injected into mice and then lung vascular leak and inflammation were examined by Evans blue assay and lung tissue H&E, respectively. RESULTS Using a non-biased, high-throughout human cytokine/chemokine antibody array, we first found that disruption of VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion by function-blocking antibody BV9 triggered the release of migration inhibitory factor (MIF). This VE-cadherin-mediated release of MIF further confirmed by ELISA with both VE-cadherin blocking antibody and siRNA technique was due to enhanced expression of MIF mRNA, which was mediated by Src kinase activation. In addition, in vivo lung vascular leak induced by VE-cadherin function-blocking antibody was partly alleviated by neutralizing MIF. CONCLUSIONS VE-cadherin regulates MIF synthesis and release via Src kinase. Our data provide additional evidence to the concept that VE-cadherin transfers intracellular signals to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yaoqing Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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16
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Beyond N-Cadherin, Relevance of Cadherins 5, 6 and 17 in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133373. [PMID: 31324051 PMCID: PMC6651558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteins (integrins) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in the characterization of multiple members of the cadherin superfamily, most of the published work continues to focus in the switch E-/N-cadherin and its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we will discuss the structural and functional properties of a subset of cadherins (cadherin 17, cadherin 5 and cadherin 6) that have an RGD motif in the extracellular domains. This RGD motif is critical for the interaction with α2β1 integrin and posterior integrin pathway activation in cancer metastatic cells. However, other signaling pathways seem to be affected by RGD cadherin interactions, as will be discussed. The range of solid tumors with overexpression or "de novo" expression of one or more of these three cadherins is very wide (gastrointestinal, gynaecological and melanoma, among others), underscoring the relevance of these cadherins in cancer metastasis. Finally, we will discuss different evidences that support the therapeutic use of these cadherins by blocking their capacity to work as integrin ligands in order to develop new cures for metastatic patients.
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17
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Juettner VV, Kruse K, Dan A, Vu VH, Khan Y, Le J, Leckband D, Komarova Y, Malik AB. VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and the endothelial barrier via a phosphatase-independent mechanism. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1725-1742. [PMID: 30948425 PMCID: PMC6504901 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juettner et al. describe a novel phosphatase-activity–independent mechanism by which the phosphatase VE-PTP restricts endothelial permeability. VE-PTP functions as a scaffold that binds and inhibits the RhoGEF GEF-H1, limiting RhoA-dependent tension across VE-cadherin junctions and decreasing VE-cadherin internalization to stabilize adherens junctions and reduce endothelial permeability. Vascular endothelial (VE) protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is an endothelial-specific phosphatase that stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions. Although studies have focused on the role of VE-PTP in dephosphorylating VE-cadherin in the activated endothelium, little is known of VE-PTP’s role in the quiescent endothelial monolayer. Here, we used the photoconvertible fluorescent protein VE-cadherin-Dendra2 to monitor VE-cadherin dynamics at adherens junctions (AJs) in confluent endothelial monolayers. We discovered that VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions by reducing the rate of VE-cadherin internalization independently of its phosphatase activity. VE-PTP serves as an adaptor protein that through binding and inhibiting the RhoGEF GEF-H1 modulates RhoA activity and tension across VE-cadherin junctions. Overexpression of the VE-PTP cytosolic domain mutant interacting with GEF-H1 in VE-PTP–depleted endothelial cells reduced GEF-H1 activity and restored VE-cadherin dynamics at AJs. Thus, VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and restricts endothelial permeability by inhibiting GEF-H1, thereby limiting RhoA signaling at AJs and reducing the VE-cadherin internalization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Juettner
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Arkaprava Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Vinh H Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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18
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Singh S, Anupriya MG, Modak A, Sreekumar E. Dengue virus or NS1 protein induces trans-endothelial cell permeability associated with VE-Cadherin and RhoA phosphorylation in HMEC-1 cells preventable by Angiopoietin-1. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1658-1670. [PMID: 30355397 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A transient increase in trans-endothelial cell permeability in dengue patients leads to vascular leakage and shock syndrome. Here, we analysed the molecular mechanisms that cause permeability changes in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) using a direct dengue virus (DENV) infection model or treatment with NS1, a secreted DENV non-structural protein. In HMEC-1 cells, both treatments increase permeability with a concordant increase in the secretion of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). There is phosphorylation and loss of the junction protein VE-Cadherin from the inter-endothelial cell junctions and phosphorylation of RhoA. Direct virus infection results in activation of Src by phosphorylation, whereas NS1 treatment alone does not lead to Src activation. Furthermore, treatment with recombinant Ang-1, a physiological antagonist of Ang-2, prevents Ang-2 release, VE-Cadherin phosphorylation and internalization, and phosphorylation of RhoA and Src, resulting in restoration of barrier function. The permeability increase could also be prevented by blocking the Ang1/2 signalling receptor, Tie-2, or using a Rho/ROCK-specific inhibitor. Dasatinib, a Src-family kinase (SFK) inhibitor that inhibits Src phosphorylation, prevents enhanced permeability induced by direct DENV infection whereas in NS1 protein-treated cells its effect is less significant. The results provide important insights on the mechanisms of increased trans-endothelial permeability in DENV infection, and suggest the therapeutic potential of using recombinant Ang-1 or targeting these key molecules to prevent vascular leakage in dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - M G Anupriya
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Ayan Modak
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
| | - Easwaran Sreekumar
- Molecular Virology laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram-695014, Kerala, India
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19
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Mani AM, Chattopadhyay R, Singh NK, Rao GN. Cholesterol crystals increase vascular permeability by inactivating SHP2 and disrupting adherens junctions. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 123:72-84. [PMID: 29782988 PMCID: PMC6333100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To understand the adverse effects of cholesterol crystals on vascular homeostasis, we have studied their effects on endothelial barrier function. Cholesterol crystals increased endothelial barrier permeability in a dose and time dependent manner. In addition, cholesterol crystals induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and α-catenin, disrupting endothelial AJ and its barrier function and these effects required xanthine oxidase-mediated H2O2 production, SHP2 inactivation and Frk activation. Similarly, feeding C57BL/6 mice with cholesterol-rich diet increased xanthine oxidase expression, H2O2 production, SHP2 inactivation and Frk activation leading to enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and α-catenin, thereby disrupting endothelial AJ and increasing vascular permeability. Resolvin D1, a specialized proresolving mediator, prevented all these adverse effects of cholesterol crystals and cholesterol-rich diet in endothelial cells and mice, respectively. Based on these observations, it is likely that cholesterol crystals via disrupting AJ increase vascular permeability, a critical event of endothelial dysfunction and specialized proresolving mediators such as Resolvin D1 exert protection against these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul M Mani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rima Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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20
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Steinbacher T, Kummer D, Ebnet K. Junctional adhesion molecule-A: functional diversity through molecular promiscuity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1393-1409. [PMID: 29238845 PMCID: PMC11105642 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) regulate important processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis. This activity is primarily due to their ability to initiate intracellular signaling cascades at cell-cell contact sites. Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an IgSF-CAM with a short cytoplasmic tail that has no catalytic activity. Nevertheless, JAM-A is involved in a variety of biological processes. The functional diversity of JAM-A resides to a large part in a C-terminal PDZ domain binding motif which directly interacts with nine different PDZ domain-containing proteins. The molecular promiscuity of its PDZ domain motif allows JAM-A to recruit protein scaffolds to specific sites of cell-cell adhesion and to assemble signaling complexes at those sites. Here, we review the molecular characteristics of JAM-A, including its dimerization, its interaction with scaffolding proteins, and the phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain, and we describe how these characteristics translate into diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Steinbacher
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Currò M, Russo T, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Antonuccio P, Arena S, Parisi S, Perrone P, Ientile R, Romeo C, Impellizzeri P. Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Regenerative Effects of Topical Treatment with Ozonated Olive Oil/Vitamin E Acetate in Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans. Molecules 2018; 23:E645. [PMID: 29534008 PMCID: PMC6017296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, considered the male genital variant of lichen sclerosus. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in BXO. We evaluated the effects of an innovative formulation of ozonated olive oil with vitamin E acetate (OZOILE®) on the inflammatory status and tissue remodeling in male children with BXO. The mRNA transcripts of proteins involved either in inflammation or in dynamics of tissue regeneration were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, in foreskins affected by BXO removed from patients untreated or treated with OZOILE® cream for 7 days before circumcision. We found a significant reduction in mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, INF-γ, transglutaminase 2 and NOS2 in foreskins treated with OZOILE® in comparison to untreated ones (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in NF-κB activation in the specimens obtained from treated and untreated patients. Hence, OZOILE® treatment up-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and E-cadherin gene expression (p < 0.001). The treatment with OZOILE® showed effective results in children affected by BXO by reducing the inflammatory process and stimulating mechanisms for tissue regeneration of the foreskin. A randomized clinical trial on a large number of children affected by BXO might be useful to verify the efficacy of topical treatment with OZOILE®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Russo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nadia Ferlazzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Saveria Parisi
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Perrone
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98123 Messina, Italy.
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22
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González-Sánchez A, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Domínguez-Prieto M, Herrero-González S, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Connexin43 recruits PTEN and Csk to inhibit c-Src activity in glioma cells and astrocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49819-49833. [PMID: 27391443 PMCID: PMC5226550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43), the major protein forming gap junctions in astrocytes, is reduced in high-grade gliomas, where its ectopic expression exerts important effects, including the inhibition of the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src). In this work we aimed to investigate the mechanism responsible for this effect. The inhibition of c-Src requires phosphorylation at tyrosine 527 mediated by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and dephosphorylation at tyrosine 416 mediated by phosphatases, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Our results showed that the antiproliferative effect of Cx43 is reduced when Csk and PTEN are silenced in glioma cells, suggesting the involvement of both enzymes. Confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Cx43, in addition to c-Src, binds to PTEN and Csk in glioma cells transfected with Cx43 and in astrocytes. Pull-down assays showed that region 266–283 in Cx43 is sufficient to recruit c-Src, PTEN and Csk and to inhibit the oncogenic activity of c-Src. As a result of c-Src inhibition, PTEN was increased with subsequent inactivation of Akt and reduction of proliferation of human glioblastoma stem cells. We conclude that the recruitment of Csk and PTEN to the region between residues 266 and 283 within the C-terminus of Cx43 leads to c-Src inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Sánchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Prieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Herrero-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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23
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Rho SS, Ando K, Fukuhara S. Dynamic Regulation of Vascular Permeability by Vascular Endothelial Cadherin-Mediated Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions. J NIPPON MED SCH 2018; 84:148-159. [PMID: 28978894 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.84.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining blood vessels regulate vascular barrier function, which controls the passage of plasma proteins and circulating cells across the endothelium. In most normal adult tissues, endothelial cells preserve basal vascular permeability at a low level, while they increase permeability in response to inflammation. Therefore, vascular permeability is tightly controlled by a number of extracellular stimuli and mediators to maintain tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, impaired regulation of endothelial permeability causes various diseases, including chronic inflammation, asthma, edema, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, anaphylaxis, tumor angiogenesis, and diabetic retinopathy. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, a member of the classical cadherin superfamily, is a component of cell-to-cell adherens junctions in endothelial cells and plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability. VE-cadherin mediates intercellular adhesion through trans-interactions formed by its extracellular domain, while its cytoplasmic domain is anchored to the actin cytoskeleton via α- and β-catenins, leading to stabilization of VE-cadherin at cell-cell junctions. VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions are dynamically, but tightly, controlled by mechanisms that involve protein phosphorylation and reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, and its associated-catenins, results in dissociation of the VE-cadherin/catenin complex and internalization of VE-cadherin, leading to increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton by Rap1, a small GTPase that belongs to the Ras subfamily, and Rho family small GTPases, regulates VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesions to control vascular permeability. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the signaling mechanisms that enable dynamic regulation of VE-cadherin adhesions and vascular permeability. In addition, we discuss the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the signaling pathways controlling VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in diseases associated with vascular hyper-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Sik Rho
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital
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24
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Samarasekera GDNG, Auld VJ. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) regulates the tricellular junction protein Gliotactin independent of Src. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 29:123-136. [PMID: 29167383 PMCID: PMC5909926 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricellular junction (TCJ) forms at the convergence of three neighboring epithelia. The targeting of Gliotactin, an essential TCJ protein, to the TCJ is controlled by phosphorylation and endocytosis. C-terminal Src kinase controls endocytosis of Gliotactin in an Src-independent manner. Tricellular junctions (TCJs) are uniquely placed permeability barriers formed at the corners of polarized epithelia where tight junctions in vertebrates or septate junctions (SJ) in invertebrates from three cells converge. Gliotactin is a Drosophila TCJ protein, and loss of Gliotactin results in SJ and TCJ breakdown and permeability barrier loss. When overexpressed, Gliotactin spreads away from the TCJs, resulting in disrupted epithelial architecture, including overproliferation, cell delamination, and migration. Gliotactin levels are tightly controlled at the mRNA level and at the protein level through endocytosis and degradation triggered by tyrosine phosphorylation. We identified C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) as a tyrosine kinase responsible for regulating Gliotactin endocytosis. Increased Csk suppresses the Gliotactin overexpression phenotypes by increasing endocytosis. Loss of Csk causes Gliotactin to spread away from the TCJ. Although Csk is known as a negative regulator of Src kinases, the effects of Csk on Gliotactin are independent of Src and likely occur through an adherens junction associated complex. Overall, we identified a new Src-independent role for Csk in the control of Gliotactin, a key tricellular junction protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Jane Auld
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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25
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Rezaei M, Cao J, Friedrich K, Kemper B, Brendel O, Grosser M, Adrian M, Baretton G, Breier G, Schnittler HJ. The expression of VE-cadherin in breast cancer cells modulates cell dynamics as a function of tumor differentiation and promotes tumor-endothelial cell interactions. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 149:15-30. [PMID: 29143117 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cadherin switch has profound consequences on cancer invasion and metastasis. The endothelial-specific vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) has been demonstrated in diverse cancer types including breast cancer and is supposed to modulate tumor progression and metastasis, but underlying mechanisms need to be better understood. First, we evaluated VE-cadherin expression by tissue microarray in 392 cases of breast cancer tumors and found a diverse expression and distribution of VE-cadherin. Experimental expression of fluorescence-tagged VE-cadherin (VE-EGFP) in undifferentiated, fibroblastoid and E-cadherin-negative MDA-231 (MDA-VE-EGFP) as well as in differentiated E-cadherin-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-VE-EGFP), respectively, displayed differentiation-dependent functional differences. VE-EGFP expression reversed the fibroblastoid MDA-231 cells to an epithelial-like phenotype accompanied by increased β-catenin expression, actin and vimentin remodeling, increased cell spreading and barrier function and a reduced migration ability due to formation of VE-cadherin-mediated cell junctions. The effects were largely absent in both MDA-VE-EGFP and in control MCF-EGFP cell lines. However, MCF-7 cells displayed a VE-cadherin-independent planar cell polarity and directed cell migration that both developed in MDA-231 only after VE-EGFP expression. Furthermore, VE-cadherin expression had no effect on tumor cell proliferation in monocultures while co-culturing with endothelial cells enhanced tumor cell proliferation due to integration of the tumor cells into monolayer where they form VE-cadherin-mediated cell contacts with the endothelium. We propose an interactive VE-cadherin-based crosstalk that might activate proliferation-promoting signals. Together, our study shows a VE-cadherin-mediated cell dynamics and an endothelial-dependent proliferation in a differentiation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Friedrich
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Kemper
- Biomedical Technology Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Brendel
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marianne Grosser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela Adrian
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Breier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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26
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Cai J, Culley MK, Zhao Y, Zhao J. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cell junctions. Protein Cell 2017; 9:754-769. [PMID: 29080116 PMCID: PMC6107491 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular regulation of cell junctions is important for development of therapeutic strategies for intervention of human diseases. Ubiquitination is an important type of post-translational modification that primarily regulates endogenous protein stability, receptor internalization, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated by ubiquitin E3 ligases and can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes. Recent studies have been focusing on investigating the effect of protein stability in the regulation of cell-cell junctions. Ubiquitination and degradation of cadherins, claudins, and their interacting proteins are implicated in epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is involved in regulation of Rho GTPases’ biological activities. Taken together these studies, ubiquitination plays a critical role in modulating cell junctions and motility. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on protein stability and expression of key proteins in the cell-cell junctions, including junction proteins, their interacting proteins, and small Rho GTPases. We provide an overview of protein stability in modulation of epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity and introduce potential future search directions to better understand the effects of ubiquitination on human disorders caused by dysfunction of cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Cai
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Miranda K Culley
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Komarova YA, Kruse K, Mehta D, Malik AB. Protein Interactions at Endothelial Junctions and Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability. Circ Res 2017; 120:179-206. [PMID: 28057793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood-brain and inner retinal barriers) that regulates tissue-fluid homeostasis, transport of nutrients, and migration of blood cells across the barrier. Permeability of the endothelial barrier is primarily regulated by a protein complex called adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are not static structures; they are continuously remodeled in response to mechanical and chemical cues in both physiological and pathological settings. Here, we discuss recent insights into the post-translational modifications of junctional proteins and signaling pathways regulating plasticity of adherens junctions and endothelial permeability. We also discuss in the context of what is already known and newly defined signaling pathways that mediate endothelial barrier leakiness (hyperpermeability) that are important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and lung diseases and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Komarova
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Kevin Kruse
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Dolly Mehta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
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28
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Dejana E, Hirschi KK, Simons M. The molecular basis of endothelial cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14361. [PMID: 28181491 PMCID: PMC5309780 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is capable of remarkable plasticity. In the embryo, primitive endothelial cells differentiate to acquire arterial, venous or lymphatic fates. Certain endothelial cells also undergo hematopoietic transition giving rise to multi-lineage hematopoietic stem and progenitors while others acquire mesenchymal properties necessary for heart development. In the adult, maintenance of differentiated endothelial state is an active process requiring constant signalling input. The failure to do so leads to the development of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that plays an important role in pathogenesis of a number of diseases. A better understanding of these phenotypic changes may lead to development of new therapeutic interventions. Vascular endothelium possesses remarkable plasticity in response to cues from its surroundings, leading to great heterogeneity of endothelial cells in different vascular beds. Here the authors explain the molecular basis of endothelial plasticity during embryogenesis and in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20129, Italy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Yale Cardiovasc. Res. Center, Departments of Internal Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering New Haven, Connecticut CT06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut CT06511, USA
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29
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Wu Z, Liu H, Ren W, Dai F, Chang J, Li B. VE-cadherin involved in the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell barrier injury induced by angiotensin II through modulating the cellular apoptosis and skeletal rearrangement. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4310-4319. [PMID: 27830014 PMCID: PMC5095323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (AngII) involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary injury through impairing the integrity of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier, but the mechanism is still not clear. We aim to determine the roles of VE-cadherin, playing crucial roles in the adhesion of the vascular endothelial barrier and the barrier function, in the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) barrier injury mediated by AngII. METHODS Mice acute lung injury (ALI) model was induced through pumping of AngII. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils as well as the PMVEC permeability were determined in order to determine the barrier injury in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of VE-cadherin was established using siRNA technique, and its roles in the apoptosis and skeletal rearrangement in the PMVECs were evaluated. RESULTS After AngII interference, the expression of VE-cadherin in the PMVECs and pulmonary tissues in mice was down-regulated. Upon VE-cadherin knockdown through siRNA technique, AngII induced susceptibility of PMVECs to apoptosis. Knockdown of VE-cadherin contributed to the skeletal rearrangement in the endothelial cells, together with increase of permeability. CONCLUSIONS VE-cadherin expression is closely related to the apoptosis and skeletal rearrangement of PMVECs induced by AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huagang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Feifeng Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jinxing Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060, China
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30
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Increases Vascular Leakage in Retina through VE-cadherin Phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29393. [PMID: 27381080 PMCID: PMC4933943 DOI: 10.1038/srep29393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients. DPP4-inhibitors, however, accumulate stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), a well-known inducer of vascular leakage and angiogenesis both of which are fundamental pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DPP4-inhibitors on vascular permeability and diabetic retinopathy. DPP4-inhibitor (diprotin A or sitagliptin) increased the phosphorylation of Src and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in human endothelial cells and disrupted endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, which were attenuated by CXCR4 (receptor of SDF-1α)-blocker or Src-inhibitor. Disruption of endothelial cell-to-cell junctions in the immuno-fluorescence images correlated with the actual leakage of the endothelial monolayer in the transwell endothelial permeability assay. In the Miles assay, vascular leakage was observed in the ears into which SDF-1α was injected, and this effect was aggravated by DPP4-inhibitor. In the model of retinopathy of prematurity, DPP4-inhibitor increased not only retinal vascularity but also leakage. Additionally, in the murine diabetic retinopathy model, DPP4-inhibitor increased the phosphorylation of Src and VE-cadherin and aggravated vascular leakage in the retinas. Collectively, DPP4-inhibitor induced vascular leakage by augmenting the SDF-1α/CXCR4/Src/VE-cadherin signaling pathway. These data highlight safety issues associated with the use of DPP4-inhibitors.
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31
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García Ponce A, Citalán Madrid AF, Vargas Robles H, Chánez Paredes S, Nava P, Betanzos A, Zarbock A, Rottner K, Vestweber D, Schnoor M. Loss of cortactin causes endothelial barrier dysfunction via disturbed adrenomedullin secretion and actomyosin contractility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29003. [PMID: 27357373 PMCID: PMC4928053 DOI: 10.1038/srep29003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in vascular permeability occur during inflammation and the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating endothelial cell contacts and permeability. We demonstrated recently that the actin-binding protein cortactin regulates vascular permeability via Rap1. However, it is unknown if the actin cytoskeleton contributes to increased vascular permeability without cortactin. As we consistently observed more actin fibres in cortactin-depleted endothelial cells, we hypothesised that cortactin depletion results in increased stress fibre contractility and endothelial barrier destabilisation. Analysing the contractile machinery, we found increased ROCK1 protein levels in cortactin-depleted endothelium. Concomitantly, myosin light chain phosphorylation was increased while cofilin, mDia and ERM were unaffected. Secretion of the barrier-stabilising hormone adrenomedullin, which activates Rap1 and counteracts actomyosin contractility, was reduced in plasma from cortactin-deficient mice and in supernatants of cortactin-depleted endothelium. Importantly, adrenomedullin administration and ROCK1 inhibition reduced actomyosin contractility and rescued the effect on permeability provoked by cortactin deficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest a new role for cortactin in controlling actomyosin contractility with consequences for endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alí F Citalán Madrid
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Hilda Vargas Robles
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Chánez Paredes
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Department for Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Betanzos
- Department for Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Clinic of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
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Zhao J, Mitrofan CG, Appleby SL, Morrell NW, Lever AML. Disrupted Endothelial Cell Layer and Exposed Extracellular Matrix Proteins Promote Capture of Late Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1406304. [PMID: 27413378 PMCID: PMC4927957 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1406304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (LO-EPC) possess a high proliferative potential, differentiate into vascular endothelial cells (EC), and form networks, suggesting they play a role in vascular repair. However, due to their scarcity in the circulation there is a requirement for ex vivo expansion before they could provide a practical cell therapy and it is currently unclear if they would home and engraft to an injury site. Using an in vitro flow system we studied LO-EPC under simulated injury conditions including EC activation, ischaemia, disrupted EC integrity, and exposed basement membrane. Perfused LO-EPC adhered to discontinuous EC paracellularly at junctional regions between adjacent cells under shear stress 0.7 dyn/cm(2). The interaction was not adhesion molecule-dependent and not enhanced by EC activation. LO-EPC expressed high levels of the VE-Cadherin which may explain these findings. Ischaemia reperfusion injury decreased the interaction with LO-EPC due to cell retraction. LO-EPC interacted with exposed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibronectin and vitronectin. The interaction was mediated by integrins α5β3, αvβ1, and αvβ3. This study has demonstrated that an injured local environment presents sufficient adhesive signals to capture flow perfused LO-EPC in vitro and that LO-EPC have properties consistent with their potential role in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Sarah L. Appleby
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M. L. Lever
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Senda Y, Murata-Kamiya N, Hatakeyama M. C-terminal Src kinase-mediated EPIYA phosphorylation of Pragmin creates a feed-forward C-terminal Src kinase activation loop that promotes cell motility. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:972-80. [PMID: 27116701 PMCID: PMC4946704 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pragmin is one of the few mammalian proteins containing the Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Tyr‐Ala (EPIYA) tyrosine‐phosphorylation motif that was originally discovered in the Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein. Following delivery into gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA motifs, CagA serves as an oncogenic scaffold/adaptor that promiscuously interacts with SH2 domain‐containing mammalian proteins such as the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) and the C‐terminal Src kinase (Csk), a negative regulator of Src family kinases. Like CagA, Pragmin also forms a physical complex with Csk. In the present study, we found that Pragmin directly binds to Csk by the tyrosine‐phosphorylated EPIYA motif. The complex formation potentiates kinase activity of Csk, which in turn phosphorylates Pragmin on tyrosine‐238 (Y238), Y343, and Y391. As Y391 of Pragmin comprises the EPIYA motif, Pragmin–Csk interaction creates a feed‐forward regulatory loop of Csk activation. Together with the finding that Pragmin and Csk are colocalized to focal adhesions, these observations indicate that the Pragmin–Csk interaction, triggered by Pragmin EPIYA phosphorylation, robustly stimulates the kinase activity of Csk at focal adhesions, which direct cell‐matrix adhesion that regulates cell morphology and cell motility. As a consequence, expression of Pragmin and/or Csk in epithelial cells induces an elongated cell shape with elevated cell scattering in a manner that is mutually dependent on Pragmin and Csk. Deregulation of the Pragmin–Csk axis may therefore induce aberrant cell migration that contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Senda
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Han MKL, de Rooij J. Converging and Unique Mechanisms of Mechanotransduction at Adhesion Sites. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:612-623. [PMID: 27036655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which physical forces control tissue development are beginning to be elucidated. Sites of adhesion between both cells and the extracellular environment [extracellular matrix (ECM) or neighboring cells] contain protein complexes capable of sensing fluctuations in tensile forces. Tension-dependent changes in the dynamics and composition of these complexes mark the transformation of physical input into biochemical signals that defines mechanotransduction. It is becoming apparent that, although the core constituents of these different adhesions are distinct, principles and proteins involved in mechanotransduction are conserved. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of overlapping and distinct aspects of mechanotransduction between integrin and cadherin adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell K L Han
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 3.231, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Di A, Mehta D, Malik AB. ROS-activated calcium signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:163-71. [PMID: 26905827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a common pathogenic feature in many inflammatory diseases. For example in acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung microvessel endothelia lose their junctional integrity resulting in leakiness of the endothelial barrier and accumulation of protein rich edema. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by neutrophils (PMNs) and other inflammatory cells play an important role in increasing endothelial permeability. In essence, multiple inflammatory syndromes are caused by dysfunction and compromise of the barrier properties of the endothelium as a consequence of unregulated acute inflammatory response. This review focuses on the role of ROS signaling in controlling endothelial permeability with particular focus on ALI. We summarize below recent progress in defining signaling events leading to increased endothelial permeability and ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Di
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Hayes M, Moen LF, Auty MAE, Lea TE. Transport of a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitory Peptide across the Blood-Brain Barrier Demonstrated Using the hCMEC/D3 Cell Line Transcytosis Assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:146-150. [PMID: 26716467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant hurdle for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and mental health disorders. A prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitory peptide with the amino acid sequence proline-proline-leucine (PPL) was chemically synthesized labeled with 5-FAM and assessed using a transcytosis assay for its ability to cross the BBB. Transport of this peptide across the BBB was determined using an in vitro model of the human BBB, which utilizes the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). Uptake and transport of 5-FAM-PPL across the hCMEC/D3 cell model was determined using confocal microscopy and mass spectrometry. This is an important parameter in determining whether peptides may reach the target organ (i.e., the brain and central nervous system).This work assessed, for the first time, the ability of a food-derived PEP inhibitory peptide to cross the BBB without the use of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc, The Irish Agricultural and Food Development Authority , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Lars Fredrik Moen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , 1432 Ås, Oslo area, Norway
| | - Mark A E Auty
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, National Food Imaging Centre , Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tor Erling Lea
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , 1432 Ås, Oslo area, Norway
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Regulation of Endothelial Adherens Junctions by Tyrosine Phosphorylation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:272858. [PMID: 26556953 PMCID: PMC4628659 DOI: 10.1155/2015/272858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form a semipermeable, regulated barrier that limits the passage of fluid, small molecules, and leukocytes between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues. The adherens junction, a major mechanism of intercellular adhesion, is comprised of transmembrane cadherins forming homotypic interactions between adjacent cells and associated cytoplasmic catenins linking the cadherins to the cytoskeleton. Inflammatory conditions promote the disassembly of the adherens junction and a loss of intercellular adhesion, creating openings or gaps in the endothelium through which small molecules diffuse and leukocytes transmigrate. Tyrosine kinase signaling has emerged as a central regulator of the inflammatory response, partly through direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the adherens junction components. This review discusses the findings that support and those that argue against a direct effect of cadherin and catenin phosphorylation in the disassembly of the adherens junction. Recent findings indicate a complex interaction between kinases, phosphatases, and the adherens junction components that allow a fine regulation of the endothelial permeability to small molecules, leukocyte migration, and barrier resealing.
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Mui KL, Bae YH, Gao L, Liu SL, Xu T, Radice GL, Chen CS, Assoian RK. N-Cadherin Induction by ECM Stiffness and FAK Overrides the Spreading Requirement for Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1477-1486. [PMID: 25753414 PMCID: PMC4560684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the accepted pro-proliferative effect of cell-matrix adhesion, the proliferative effect of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion remains unresolved. Here, we studied the effect of N-cadherin on cell proliferation in the vasculature. We show that N-cadherin is induced in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to vascular injury, an in vivo model of tissue stiffening and proliferation. Complementary experiments performed with deformable substrata demonstrated that stiffness-mediated activation of a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-p130Cas-Rac signaling pathway induces N-cadherin. Additionally, by culturing paired and unpaired SMCs on microfabricated adhesive islands of different areas, we found that N-cadherin relaxes the spreading requirement for SMC proliferation. In vivo SMC deletion of N-cadherin strongly reduced injury-induced cycling. Finally, SMC-specific deletion of FAK inhibited proliferation after vascular injury, and this was accompanied by reduced induction of N-cadherin. Thus, a stiffness- and FAK-dependent induction of N-cadherin connects cell-matrix to cell-cell adhesion and regulates the degree of cell spreading needed for cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley L Mui
- Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yong Ho Bae
- Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tina Xu
- Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Glenn L Radice
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Program in Translational Biomechanics, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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Ortiz A, Lee YC, Yu G, Liu HC, Lin SC, Bilen MA, Cho H, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Angiomotin is a novel component of cadherin-11/β-catenin/p120 complex and is critical for cadherin-11-mediated cell migration. FASEB J 2014; 29:1080-91. [PMID: 25466890 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin and up-regulation of mesenchymal cadherins, a hallmark of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributes to migration and dissemination of cancer cells. Expression of human cadherin-11 (Cad11), also known as osteoblast cadherin, in prostate cancer increases the migration of prostate cancer cells. How Cad11 mediates cell migration is unknown. Using the human Cad11 cytoplasmic domain in pulldown assays, we identified human angiomotin (Amot), known to be involved in cell polarity, migration, and Hippo pathway, as a component of the Cad11 protein complex. Deletion analysis showed that the last C-terminal 10 amino acids in Cad11 cytoplasmic domain are required for Amot binding. Further, Cad11 preferentially interacts with Amot-p80 than Amot-p130 isoform and binds directly to the middle domain of Amot-p80. Cad11-Amot interaction affects Cad11-mediated cell migration, but not homophilic adhesion, as deletion of Amot binding motif of Cad11 (Cad11-ΔAmot) did not abolish Cad11-mediated cell-cell adhesion of mouse L cells, but significantly reduced Cad11-mediated cell migration of human C4-2B4 and PC3-mm2 prostate cancer cells and human HEK293T cells. Together, our studies identified Amot-p80 as a novel component of the Cad11 complex and demonstrated that Amot-p80 is critical for Cad11-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melmet Asim Bilen
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyojin Cho
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Departments of *Translational Molecular Pathology and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA; and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sidibé A, Polena H, Pernet-Gallay K, Razanajatovo J, Mannic T, Chaumontel N, Bama S, Maréchal I, Huber P, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Vilgrain I. VE-cadherin Y685F knock-in mouse is sensitive to vascular permeability in recurrent angiogenic organs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H455-63. [PMID: 24858856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00774.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modifications such as tyrosine phosphorylation are associated with the breakdown of endothelial cell junctions and increased vascular permeability. We previously showed that vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin was tyrosine phosphorylated in vivo in the mouse reproductive tract and that Y685 was a target site for Src in response to vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to understand the implication of VE-cadherin phosphorylation at site Y685 in cyclic angiogenic organs. To achieve this aim, we generated a knock-in mouse carrying a tyrosine-to-phenylalanine point mutation of VE-cadherin Y685 (VE-Y685F). Although homozygous VE-Y685F mice were viable and fertile, the nulliparous knock-in female mice exhibited enlarged uteri with edema. This phenotype was observed in 30% of females between 4 to 14 mo old. Histological examination of longitudinal sections of the VE-Y685F uterus showed an extensive disorganization of myometrium and endometrium with highly edematous uterine glands, numerous areas with sparse cells, and increased accumulation of collagen fibers around blood vessels, indicating a fibrotic state. Analysis of cross section of ovaries showed the appearance of spontaneous cysts, which suggested increased vascular hyperpermeability. Electron microscopy analysis of capillaries in the ovary showed a slight but significant increase in the gap size between two adjacent endothelial cell membranes in the junctions of VE-Y685F mice (wild-type, 11.5 ± 0.3, n = 78; and VE-Y685F, 12.48 ± 0.3, n = 65; P = 0.045), as well as collagen fiber accumulation around capillaries. Miles assay revealed that either basal or vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated permeability in the skin was increased in VE-Y685F mice. Since edema and fibrotic appearance have been identified as hallmarks of initial increased vascular permeability, we conclude that the site Y685 in VE-cadherin is involved in the physiological regulation of capillary permeability. Furthermore, this knock-in mouse model is of potential interest for further studies of diseases that are associated with abnormal vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sidibé
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Helena Polena
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; INSERM U836, Electron microscopy platform, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Jeremy Razanajatovo
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Mannic
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Soumalamaya Bama
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Irène Maréchal
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- INSERM, U1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France;
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Sidibé A, Polena H, Razanajatovo J, Mannic T, Chaumontel N, Bama S, Maréchal I, Huber P, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Vilgrain I. Dynamic phosphorylation of VE-cadherin Y685 throughout mouse estrous cycle in ovary and uterus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H448-54. [PMID: 24858855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00773.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor induced vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation at Y685 in a Src-dependent manner in vitro. Here, we studied the occurrence of Y685 phosphorylation in vivo in the female reproductive tract because it is a unique model of physiological vascular remodeling dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor. We first developed and characterized an anti-phospho-specific antibody against the site Y685 of VE-cadherin to monitor VE-cadherin phosphorylation along the four phases of mouse estrous cycle, termed proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. A dynamic profile of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins was observed in both uterus and ovary throughout mouse estrous cycle, including kinase Src, which was found highly active at the estrus phase. The extent of tyrosine phosphorylated VE-cadherin was low at proestrus but strongly increased at estrus and returned to baseline at metestrus and diestrus, suggesting a potent hormonal regulation of this specific process. Indeed, C57Bl/6 female mice treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin confirmed a significant increase in phosphoY685-VE-cadherin compared with that in untreated mice. These results demonstrate that VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation at Y685 is a physiological and hormonally regulated process in female reproductive organs. In addition, this process was concomitant with the early steps of vascular remodeling taking place at estrus stage, suggesting that phosphoY685-VE-cadherin is a biomarker of endothelial cell activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sidibé
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Helena Polena
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Jeremy Razanajatovo
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Tiphaine Mannic
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Nicolas Chaumontel
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Soumalamaya Bama
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Irène Maréchal
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Philippe Huber
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- INSERM, Unité 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France; and
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Jean C, Chen XL, Nam JO, Tancioni I, Uryu S, Lawson C, Ward KK, Walsh CT, Miller NLG, Ghassemian M, Turowski P, Dejana E, Weis S, Cheresh DA, Schlaepfer DD. Inhibition of endothelial FAK activity prevents tumor metastasis by enhancing barrier function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:247-63. [PMID: 24446483 PMCID: PMC3897185 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201307067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell focal adhesion kinase is a key intermediate between c-Src and the regulation of endothelial cell barrier function in the control of tumor metastasis. Pharmacological focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition prevents tumor growth and metastasis, via actions on both tumor and stromal cells. In this paper, we show that vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) tyrosine (Y) 658 is a target of FAK in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs). Conditional kinase-dead FAK knockin within ECs inhibited recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and tumor-induced VEC-Y658 phosphorylation in vivo. Adherence of VEGF-expressing tumor cells to ECs triggered FAK-dependent VEC-Y658 phosphorylation. Both FAK inhibition and VEC-Y658F mutation within ECs prevented VEGF-initiated paracellular permeability and tumor cell transmigration across EC barriers. In mice, EC FAK inhibition prevented VEGF-dependent tumor cell extravasation and melanoma dermal to lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. As pharmacological c-Src or FAK inhibition prevents VEGF-stimulated c-Src and FAK translocation to EC adherens junctions, but FAK inhibition does not alter c-Src activation, our experiments identify EC FAK as a key intermediate between c-Src and the regulation of EC barrier function controlling tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jean
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and 2 Department of Pathology, Moores University of California, San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Bravi L, Dejana E, Lampugnani MG. VE-cadherin at a glance. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:515-22. [PMID: 24643676 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although being a monolayer the vascular endothelium controls fundamental vessel functions such as permeability, leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. The endothelial selective transmembrane constituent of adherens junctions, Vascular Endothelial- (VE-) cadherin plays a crucial role in the regulation of such activities. The signaling pathways controlled by VE-cadherin as well as the ones that regulate VE-cadherin activity start to be elucidated. This delineates a complex network of molecular and functional interactions that can be altered in pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bravi
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Fondazione, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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Similarities and differences in the regulation of leukocyte extravasation and vascular permeability. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:177-92. [PMID: 24638889 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation is regulated and mediated by a multitude of adhesion and signaling molecules. Many of them enable the capturing and docking of leukocytes to the vessel wall. Others allow leukocytes to crawl on the apical surface of endothelial cells to appropriate sites of exit. While these steps are well understood and the adhesion molecules mediating these interactions are largely identified, a still growing number of adhesion receptors mediate the diapedesis process, the actual migration of leukocytes through the endothelial cell layer, and the underlying basement membrane. In most cases, it is not known which molecular processes they actually mediate, whether they enable the migration of leukocytes through the endothelial cell layer or whether they are involved in the destabilization of endothelial junctions. In addition, leukocytes are able to circumvent junctions and transcytose directly through the body of endothelial cells. While this latter route indeed exists, recent work has highlighted in vivo the junctional pathway as the prevalent way of leukocyte exit in various inflamed tissues. Recent work elucidating molecular mechanisms that regulate endothelial junctions and thereby leukocyte extravasation and vascular permeability will be discussed.
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Mittal M, Siddiqui MR, Tran K, Reddy SP, Malik AB. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1126-67. [PMID: 23991888 PMCID: PMC3929010 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2802] [Impact Index Per Article: 280.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that play an important role in the progression of inflammatory disorders. An enhanced ROS generation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) at the site of inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction and tissue injury. The vascular endothelium plays an important role in passage of macromolecules and inflammatory cells from the blood to tissue. Under the inflammatory conditions, oxidative stress produced by PMNs leads to the opening of inter-endothelial junctions and promotes the migration of inflammatory cells across the endothelial barrier. The migrated inflammatory cells not only help in the clearance of pathogens and foreign particles but also lead to tissue injury. The current review compiles the past and current research in the area of inflammation with particular emphasis on oxidative stress-mediated signaling mechanisms that are involved in inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Küppers V, Vockel M, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Phosphatases and kinases as regulators of the endothelial barrier function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Liao Z, Cao C, Wang J, Huxley VH, Baker O, Weisman GA, Erb L. The P2Y 2 Receptor Interacts with VE-Cadherin and VEGF Receptor-2 to Regulate Rac1 Activity in Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:1105-1121. [PMID: 25657827 PMCID: PMC4314728 DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2014.714109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) mediates homophylic adhesion between endothelial cells and is an important regulator of angiogenesis, blood vessel permeability and leukocyte trafficking. Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, controls VE-cadherin adhesion by acting downstream of several growth factors, including angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we show that UTP-induced activation of the Gq protein-coupled P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) activated Rac1 and caused a transient complex to form between P2Y2R, VE-cadherin and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Knockdown of VE-cadherin expression with siRNA did not affect UTP-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) but led to a loss of UTP-induced Rac1 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin, a cytoplasmic protein known to interact with VE-cadherin. Activation of the P2Y2R by UTP also caused a prolonged interaction between p120 catenin and vav2 (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac) that correlated with the kinetics of UTP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin and VE-cadherin. Inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (SU1498) or Src (PP2) significantly diminished UTP-induced Rac1 activation, tyrosine phosphorylation of p120 catenin and VE-cadherin, and association of the P2Y2R with VE-cadherin and p120 catenin with vav2. These findings suggest that the P2Y2R uses Src and VEGFR-2 to mediate association of the P2Y2R with VE-cadherin complexes in endothelial adherens junctions to activate Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Jianjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, USA
| | - Virginia H Huxley
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Olga Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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Vilgrain I, Sidibé A, Polena H, Cand F, Mannic T, Arboleas M, Boccard S, Baudet A, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Quesada JL, Mendoza C, Lebas JF, Pelletier L, Berger F. Evidence for post-translational processing of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in brain tumors: towards a candidate biomarker. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80056. [PMID: 24358106 PMCID: PMC3864785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessel abnormalities are among the most important features in malignant glioma. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is of major importance for vascular integrity. Upon cytokine challenge, VE-cadherin structural modifications have been described including tyrosine phosphorylation and cleavage. The goal of this study was to examine whether these events occurred in human glioma vessels. We demonstrated that VE-cadherin is highly expressed in human glioma tissue and tyrosine phosphorylated at site Y(685), a site previously found phosphorylated upon VEGF challenge, via Src activation. In vitro experiments showed that VEGF-induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation, preceded the cleavage of its extracellular adhesive domain (sVE, 90 kDa). Interestingly, metalloproteases (MMPs) secreted by glioma cell lines were responsible for sVE release. Because VEGF and MMPs are important components of tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that VE-cadherin proteolysis might occur in human brain tumors. Analysis of glioma patient sera prior treatment confirmed the presence of sVE in bloodstream. Furthermore, sVE levels studied in a cohort of 53 glioma patients were significantly predictive of the overall survival at three years (HR 0.13 [0.04; 0.40] p ≤ 0.001), irrespective to histopathological grade of tumors. Altogether, these results suggest that VE-cadherin structural modifications should be examined as candidate biomarkers of tumor vessel abnormalities, with promising applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vilgrain
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Adama Sidibé
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Helena Polena
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Francine Cand
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Mannic
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Arboleas
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandra Boccard
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Baudet
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Quesada
- INSERM 003, Clinical Investigation Center, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Mendoza
- INSERM 003, Clinical Investigation Center, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent Pelletier
- INSERM, Unit 836 Brain Nanomedicine, Grenoble Neurosciences Institut Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Joseph Fourier University, Medicine School, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Biology and Pathology Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - François Berger
- INSERM, Unit 836 Brain Nanomedicine, Grenoble Neurosciences Institut Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Joseph Fourier University, Medicine School, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Oncology, Grenoble, France
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