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Rich J, Bennaroch M, Notel L, Patalakh P, Alberola J, Issa F, Opolon P, Bawa O, Rondof W, Marchais A, Dessen P, Meurice G, Le-Gall M, Polrot M, Ser-Le Roux K, Mamchaoui K, Droin N, Raslova H, Maire P, Geoerger B, Pirozhkova I. DiPRO1 distinctly reprograms muscle and mesenchymal cancer cells. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00097-z. [PMID: 39009887 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified the uncharacterized ZNF555 protein as a component of a productive complex involved in the morbid function of the 4qA locus in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Subsequently named DiPRO1 (Death, Differentiation, and PROliferation related PROtein 1), our study provides substantial evidence of its role in the differentiation and proliferation of human myoblasts. DiPRO1 operates through the regulatory binding regions of SIX1, a master regulator of myogenesis. Its relevance extends to mesenchymal tumors, such as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Ewing sarcoma, where DiPRO1 acts as a repressor via the epigenetic regulators TIF1B and UHRF1, maintaining methylation of cis-regulatory elements and gene promoters. Loss of DiPRO1 mimics the host defense response to virus, awakening retrotransposable repeats and the ZNF/KZFP gene family. This enables the eradication of cancer cells, reprogramming the cellular decision balance towards inflammation and/or apoptosis by controlling TNF-α via NF-kappaB signaling. Finally, our results highlight the vulnerability of mesenchymal cancer tumors to si/shDiPRO1-based nanomedicines, positioning DiPRO1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Rich
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Melanie Bennaroch
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Notel
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Polina Patalakh
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Alberola
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fayez Issa
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Pathology and Cytology Section, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- Pathology and Cytology Section, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Windy Rondof
- Bioinformatics Platform, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- Bioinformatics Platform, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Bioinformatics Platform, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Bioinformatics Platform, UMS AMMICA, CNRS, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Morgane Le-Gall
- Proteom'IC facility, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Polrot
- Pre-clinical Evaluation Unit (PFEP), INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Karine Ser-Le Roux
- Pre-clinical Evaluation Unit (PFEP), INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Genomic Platform, UMS AMMICA US 23 INSERM UAR 3655 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR1287 INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- UMR1287 INSERM, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascal Maire
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Iryna Pirozhkova
- UMR8126 CNRS, Gustave Roussy Cancer campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
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2
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Abbas H, Derkaoui DK, Jeammet L, Adicéam E, Tiollier J, Sicard H, Braun T, Poyet JL. Apoptosis Inhibitor 5: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cell Fate. Biomolecules 2024; 14:136. [PMID: 38275765 PMCID: PMC10813780 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental process that maintains tissue homeostasis, eliminates damaged or infected cells, and plays a crucial role in various biological phenomena. The deregulation of apoptosis is involved in many human diseases, including cancer. One of the emerging players in the intricate regulatory network of apoptosis is apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), also called AAC-11 (anti-apoptosis clone 11) or FIF (fibroblast growth factor-2 interacting factor). While it may not have yet the same level of notoriety as some other cancer-associated proteins, API5 has garnered increasing attention in the cancer field in recent years, as elevated API5 levels are often associated with aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and poor patient prognosis. This review aims to shed light on the multifaceted functions and regulatory mechanisms of API5 in cell fate decisions as well as its interest as therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsia Abbas
- Université Oran 1, Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria; (H.A.); (D.K.D.)
| | | | - Louise Jeammet
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Emilie Adicéam
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Jérôme Tiollier
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hélène Sicard
- Jalon Therapeutics, 75010 Paris, France; (L.J.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Laboratoire de Transfert des Leucémies, EA3518, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- AP-HP, Service d’Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Paris XIII, 93000 Bobigny, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM UMRS976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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3
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An X, Ma X, Liu H, Song J, Wei T, Zhang R, Zhan X, Li H, Zhou J. Inhibition of PDGFRβ alleviates endothelial cell apoptotic injury caused by DRP-1 overexpression and mitochondria fusion failure after mitophagy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:756. [PMID: 37980402 PMCID: PMC10657461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD), described as "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome", affects infants and toddlers. Patients with KD suffer from an inflammatory cascade leading to vasculitis with a predilection for coronary arteries. While the symptoms and pathogenesis of KD have received more and more attention, the precise mechanisms are still debated. Researches show that endothelial dysfunction process in KD leads to arterial damage and affect clinical outcome. In this study, we constructed a Candida albicans water soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced KD murine model and penetrated investigating the mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction. CAWS-induced mice presented remarkably elevated vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels. Abundant expression of VEGF was documented in all vessels that showed edema from acute KD. It has been reported that Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) co-expression normalizes VEGF-induced aberrant angiogenesis. Hyperexpression of PDGFRβ was induced in the thickened medial layer and vascular endothelium of KD mice. Masitinib (Mas) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of numerous targets, which can selectively target PDGFR signaling. We set out to explore whether Mas could regulate coronary pathology in KD. Mas administration significantly reduced the VEGF-induced endothelial cells migration. NOX4 was activated in vascular endothelial cells to produce more ROS. Mitochondrial dysregulated fission and mitophagy caused by DRP-1 overexpression precipitated the arterial endothelial cells injury. Here, mitophagy seemed to work as the driving force of DRP-1/Bak/BNIP3-dependent endothelial cells apoptosis. In summary, how mitophagy is regulated by DRP-1 under pathologic status is critical and complex, which may contribute to the development of specific therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases patients, for example Masatinib, the inhibitor of PDGFRβ. FACTS AND QUESTIONS: Kawasaki disease causing systemic vasculitis, affects infants and toddlers. Coronary artery injury remains the major causes of morbidity and mortality. DRP-1 overexpression induces DRP-1/Bak/BNIP3-dependent endothelial cells apoptosis. PDGFRβ was high-expressed in the thickened medial layer of CAWS-induced KD mice. Inhibition of PDGFRβ signaling alleviates arterial endothelial cells injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong An
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tiange Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rongzhan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiao Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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4
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Punjani N, Kang C, Lamb DJ, Schlegel PN. Current updates and future perspectives in the evaluation of azoospermia: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:206-214. [PMID: 34552771 PMCID: PMC8451618 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1954415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To provide a summary of the current evaluation of azoospermia and insights into future perspectives in the evaluation and counselling of men with azoospermia. Methods: A search of PubMed, Cochrane Reviews and Web of Science databases was performed for full-text English-language articles published between 1943 and 2020 focussing on ‘future perspectives’, ‘azoospermia’ and ‘evaluation’. Results: Azoospermia represents a severe form of male infertility characterised by sperm production so impaired that there are no sperm present in the ejaculate. The current evaluation of azoospermia focusses on patient history and physical examination with selected adjunctive laboratory investigations including serum hormones, a karyotype and screening for Y chromosome microdeletions. Future diagnostics are focussed on identifying the underlying genetic aetiologies for azoospermia, as well as a greater emphasis on screening for systemic illness that men with severe infertility may be predisposed to develop. Conclusion: Azoospermia represents an extreme form of male infertility, and evaluation relies heavily on history and physical examination, as genetic evaluations for these individuals remain limited. Future evaluation will focus on next-generation sequencing and more rigorous evaluation for possible co-existing and future risk of systemic disease. ABBREVIATIONS: ADGRG2, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2; ASRM: American Society of Reproductive Medicine; AZF: azoospermia factor; CBAVD: congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; CRKL: CRK-like proto-oncogene; E2F1: E2F transcription factor 1; HAUS7: HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 7; HR: hazard ratio; KS: Klinefelter syndrome; MAZ, MYC-associated zinc finger protein; NGS: next-generation sequencing; NOA: non-obstructive azoospermia; OA: obstructive azoospermia; RHOX: reproductive homeobox on the X chromosome; SH2: SRC homology 2; TAF7L: TATA-box binding protein associated factor 7-like; TEX11: testis-expressed 11; WES: whole-exome sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Punjani
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Kang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter N Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Yang Z, Liang S, Saliakoura M, Yang H, Vassella E, Konstantinidou G, Tschan M, Hegedüs B, Zhao L, Gao Y, Xu D, Deng H, Marti TM, Kocher GJ, Wang W, Schmid RA, Peng R. Synergistic effects of FGFR1 and PLK1 inhibitors target a metabolic liability in KRAS-mutant cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13193. [PMID: 34369083 PMCID: PMC8422071 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS oncoprotein is commonly mutated in human cancer, but effective therapies specifically targeting KRAS-driven tumors remain elusive. Here, we show that combined treatment with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors evoke synergistic cytotoxicity in KRAS-mutant tumor models in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of FGFR1 and PLK1 synergizes to enhance anti-proliferative effects and cell death in KRAS-mutant lung and pancreatic but not colon nor KRAS wild-type cancer cells. Mechanistically, co-targeting FGFR1 and PLK1 upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway and E2F1-induced apoptosis. We further delineate that autophagy protects from PLK1/FGFR1 inhibitor cytotoxicity and that antagonizing the compensation mechanism by clinically approved chloroquine fully realizes the therapeutic potential of PLK1 and FGFR1 targeting therapy, producing potent and durable responses in KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenografts and a genetically engineered mouse model of Kras-induced lung adenocarcinoma. These results suggest a previously unappreciated role for FGFR1 and PLK1 in the surveillance of metabolic stress and demonstrate a synergistic drug combination for treating KRAS-mutant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Shun‐Qing Liang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Eric Vassella
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Mario Tschan
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Balazs Hegedüs
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medicine Essen ‐ RuhrlandklinikUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Thomas M Marti
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gregor J Kocher
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- The Second Thoracic Surgery DepartmentHunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ren‐Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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6
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Yang Z, Liang SQ, Yang H, Xu D, Bruggmann R, Gao Y, Deng H, Berezowska S, Hall SRR, Marti TM, Kocher GJ, Zhou Q, Schmid RA, Peng RW. CRISPR-Mediated Kinome Editing Prioritizes a Synergistic Combination Therapy for FGFR1-Amplified Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3121-3133. [PMID: 33685992 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the FGFR pathway is frequent in lung and other cancers. However, due to drug resistance, pharmacological blockage of aberrant FGFR signaling has provided little clinical benefit in patients with FGFR-amplified tumors. The determining factors for the limited efficacy of FGFR-targeted therapy remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer cells treated with an FGFR inhibitor. These screens identified PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target that mediates a resistance mechanism by overriding DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest upon FGFR1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological antagonism of PLK1 in combination with FGFR inhibitor therapy synergized to enhance antiproliferative effects and drove cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo through activation of the γH2AX-CHK-E2F1 axis. These findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for PLK1 in modulating FGFR1 inhibitor sensitivity and demonstrate a synergistic drug combination for treating FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target for FGFR-targeted therapy provides an innovative rationale for the treatment of lung and other FGFR1-amplified cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shun-Qing Liang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sean R R Hall
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor J Kocher
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Wei L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ma Y, Lu Z, Gu Z, Ding C. TMPO-AS1, a Novel E2F1-Regulated lncRNA, Contributes to the Proliferation of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Modulating miR-326/SOX12 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12403-12414. [PMID: 33293866 PMCID: PMC7719338 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s269269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TMPO-AS1, an antisense lncRNA located at human chromosome 12p23.1, has been identified as an oncogene involved in cell proliferation in various cancers, including LUAD. In this study, we aimed to explore the novel molecular mechanism of TMPO-AS1 underlying LUAD growth. Materials and Methods The transcription levels of TMPO-AS1, miR-326, and SOX12 in LUAD tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cell proliferation ability was evaluatect 3d by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis was assessed by flow cytometry. The target relationship among TMPO-AS1, miR-326, and SOX12 and promoter activity of TMPO-AS1 was measured using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The protein levels of SOX12 in LUAD cells were determined by Western blot. ChIP-qPCR assay was performed to validate the direct binding between E2F1 and TMPO-AS1 promoter. Results TMPO-AS1 was up-regulated in LUAD tissues as well as cell lines. Boosted TMPO-AS1 expression was positively correlated with poor prognosis and pathological stage in LUAD. Down-regulation of TMPO-AS1 could restrain the proliferation of LUAD cells through arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis in vitro. Mechanically, we demonstrated that TMPO-AS1 could modulate the proliferation of LUAD cells through increasing SOX12 expression level via sponging miR-326 in accordance with bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Furthermore, we identified that TMPO-AS1 could be activated by E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) as a novel target gene. Conclusion TMPO-AS1 can modulate LUAD cell proliferation through E2F1/miR-326/SOX12 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefeng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, People's Republic of China
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8
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Romero-Medina MC, Venuti A, Melita G, Robitaille A, Ceraolo MG, Pacini L, Sirand C, Viarisio D, Taverniti V, Gupta P, Scalise M, Indiveri C, Accardi R, Tommasino M. Human papillomavirus type 38 alters wild-type p53 activity to promote cell proliferation via the downregulation of integrin alpha 1 expression. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008792. [PMID: 32813746 PMCID: PMC7458291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressors can exert pro-proliferation functions in specific contexts. In the beta human papillomavirus type 38 (HPV38) experimental model, the viral proteins E6 and E7 promote accumulation of a wild-type (WT) p53 form in human keratinocytes (HKs), promoting cellular proliferation. Inactivation of p53 by different means strongly decreases the proliferation of HPV38 E6/E7 HKs. This p53 form is phosphorylated at S392 by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, which is highly activated by HPV38. PKR-mediated S392 p53 phosphorylation promotes the formation of a p53/DNMT1 complex, which inhibits expression of integrin alpha 1 (ITGA1), a repressor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Ectopic expression of ITGA1 in HPV38 E6/E7 HKs promotes EGFR degradation, inhibition of cellular proliferation, and cellular death. Itga1 expression was also inhibited in the skin of HPV38 transgenic mice that have an elevated susceptibility to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. In summary, these findings reveal the existence of a specific WT p53 form that displays pro-proliferation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Romero-Medina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Giusi Melita
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Maria Grazia Ceraolo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Laura Pacini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Cecilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Daniele Viarisio
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerio Taverniti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Purnima Gupta
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosita Accardi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Cours Albert Thomas, France
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9
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Punjani N, Lamb DJ. Male infertility and genitourinary birth defects: there is more than meets the eye. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:209-218. [PMID: 32741459 PMCID: PMC10590568 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Male factor infertility is a significant problem present in up to 50% of infertile couples. The relationship between male infertility and systemic disease is of significant interest, and emerging evidence suggests a relationship between male infertility and male genitourinary (GU) birth defects (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, ambiguous genitalia, and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract). Many of these birth defects are treated in isolation by busy urologists without acknowledgment that these may be related to more global syndromic conditions. Conversely, geneticists and nonurologists who treat variable systemic phenotypes may overlook GU defects, which are indeed related conditions. Many of these defects are attributed to copy number variants dosage-sensitive genes due to chromosome microdeletions or microduplications. These variants are responsible for disease phenotypes seen in the general population. The copy number variants described in this review are syndromic in some cases and responsible for both GU birth defects as well as other systemic phenotypes. This review highlights the emerging evidence between these birth defects, male infertility, and other systemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Punjani
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation Institute of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation Institute of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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10
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Barczak W, Jin L, Carr SM, Munro S, Ward S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, La Thangue NB. PRMT5 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion through the E2F pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:572. [PMID: 32709847 PMCID: PMC7382496 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pRb-E2F pathway is a critical point of regulation in the cell cycle and loss of control of the pathway is a hallmark of cancer. E2F1 is the major target through which pRb exerts its effects and arginine methylation by PRMT5 plays a key role in dictating E2F1 activity. Here we have explored the functional role of the PRMT5-E2F1 axis and highlight its influence on different aspects of cancer cell biology including viability, migration, invasion and adherence. Through a genome-wide expression analysis, we identified a distinct set of genes under the control of PRMT5 and E2F1, including some highly regulated genes, which influence cell migration, invasio and adherence through a PRMT5-dependent mechanism. Most significantly, a coincidence was apparent between the expression of PRMT5 and E2F1 in human tumours, and elevated levels of PRMT5 and E2F1 correlated with poor prognosis disease. Our results suggest a causal relationship between PRMT5 and E2F1 in driving the malignant phenotype and thereby highlight an important pathway for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Barczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Li Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Mark Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Argonaut Therapeutics Ltd Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Samuel Ward
- Argonaut Therapeutics Ltd Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Centre for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Centre for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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11
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Chen B, Wen P, Hu G, Gao Y, Qi X, Zhu K, Chen S, Wu L, Xu A, Zhao G. Antagonizing CDK8 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer to Radiation Through Potentiating the Transcription of e2f1 Target Gene apaf1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:408. [PMID: 32596239 PMCID: PMC7304162 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential curative treatment modality for colorectal cancer. Apoptosis is the major mechanism of IR-induced cell death and aberrant apoptotic signaling results in radioresistance, which is a hallmark of most, perhaps all, types of human cancers. Potentiating the induction of apoptosis is an emerging strategy for cancer radiotherapy. Here, we determined that targeting CDK8 selectively radiosensitized colorectal cancer through the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling, which was mediated through the induction of the transcription of apaf1 that was e2f1- and not p53-dependent. Importantly, the enhanced transcriptional activity of e2f1 was dependent on the kinase activity of CDK8 itself and not on the assembling of the mediator complex. In addition, clinical inhibitor, and in vivo studies confirmed the radiosensitizing effect of CDK8. Our results provide a new targeting strategy to improve the radiotherapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guanshuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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12
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Characterization of Adenovirus 5 E1A Exon 1 Deletion Mutants in the Viral Replicative Cycle. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020213. [PMID: 32075072 PMCID: PMC7077205 DOI: 10.3390/v12020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus infection is driven by Early region 1A (E1A) proteins, which are the first proteins expressed following the delivery of the viral genome to the cellular nucleus. E1A is responsible for reprogramming the infected cell to support virus replication alongside the activation of expression of all viral transcriptional units during the course of the infection. Although E1A has been extensively studied, most of these studies have focused on understanding the conserved region functions outside of a full infection. Here, we investigated the effects of small deletions in E1A exon 1 on the viral replicative cycle. Almost all deletions were found to have a negative impact on viral replication with the exception of one deletion found in the mutant dl1106, which replicated better than the wild-type E1A expressing dl309. In addition to growth, we assessed the virus mutants for genome replication, induction of the cytopathic effect, gene and protein expression, sub-cellular localization of E1A mutant proteins, induction of cellular S-phase, and activation of S-phase specific cellular genes. Importantly, our study found that virus replication is likely limited by host-specific factors, rather than specific viral aspects such as the ability to replicate genomes or express late proteins, after a certain level of these has been expressed. Furthermore, we show that mutants outside of the conserved regions have significant influence on viral fitness. Overall, our study is the first comprehensive evaluation of the dl1100 series of exon 1 E1A deletion mutants in viral fitness and provides important insights into the contribution that E1A makes to viral replication in normal human cells.
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13
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Roworth AP, Carr SM, Liu G, Barczak W, Miller RL, Munro S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, La Thangue NB. Arginine methylation expands the regulatory mechanisms and extends the genomic landscape under E2F control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw4640. [PMID: 31249870 PMCID: PMC6594773 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
E2F is a family of master transcription regulators involved in mediating diverse cell fates. Here, we show that residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) by PRMT5 enables E2F1 to regulate many genes at the level of alternative RNA splicing, rather than through its classical transcription-based mechanism. The p100/TSN tudor domain protein reads the meR mark on chromatin-bound E2F1, allowing snRNA components of the splicing machinery to assemble with E2F1. A large set of RNAs including spliced variants associate with E2F1 by virtue of the methyl mark. By focusing on the deSUMOylase SENP7 gene, which we identified as an E2F target gene, we establish that alternative splicing is functionally important for E2F1 activity. Our results reveal an unexpected consequence of arginine methylation, where reader-writer interplay widens the mechanism of control by E2F1, from transcription factor to regulator of alternative RNA splicing, thereby extending the genomic landscape under E2F1 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Mark Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Geng Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wojciech Barczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Miller
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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14
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Tormo E, Ballester S, Adam-Artigues A, Burgués O, Alonso E, Bermejo B, Menéndez S, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rovira A, Albanell J, Rojo F, Lluch A, Eroles P. The miRNA-449 family mediates doxorubicin resistance in triple-negative breast cancer by regulating cell cycle factors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5316. [PMID: 30926829 PMCID: PMC6441107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer remain unclear, and so, new molecules which might mediate this resistance could optimize treatment response. Here we analyzed the involvement of the miRNA-449 family in the response to doxorubicin. The cell viability, cell-cycle phases, and the expression of in silico target genes and proteins of sensitive/resistant triple negative breast cancer cell lines were evaluated in response to doxorubicin treatment and after gain/loss of miRNAs-449 function achieved by transient transfection. Triple negative breast cancer patients were selected for ex vivo experiments and to evaluate gene and miRNAs expression changes after treatment, as well as survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier. Doxorubicin treatment upregulated miRNAs-449 and DNA-damage responder factors E2F1 and E2F3 in triple negative breast cancer sensitive breast cancer cells, while expression remained unaltered in resistant ones. In vitro overexpression of miRNAs-449 sensitized cells to the treatment and significantly reduced the resistance to doxorubicin. These changes showed also a strong effect on cell cycle regulation. Finally, elevated levels of miRNA-449a associated significantly with better survival in chemotherapy-treated triple negative breast cancer patients. These results reveal for the first time the involvement of the miRNA-449 family in doxorubicin resistance and their predictive and prognostic value in triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tormo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Octavio Burgués
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Bermejo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Menéndez
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rovira
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lluch
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain.,Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Eroles
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain. .,Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain. .,COST action CA15204, Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Assani G, Xiong Y, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Effect of therapies-mediated modulation of telomere and/or telomerase on cancer cells radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35008-35025. [PMID: 30405890 PMCID: PMC6201854 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Many strategies of cancer treatment such as radiotherapy which plays a key role in cancer treatment are developed and used nowadays. However, the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance are two major causes of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness in the cancer patients. Moreover, reduction of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness by reducing the side effects post-cancer radiotherapy and cancer radioresistance is the aim of several radiotherapy-oncologic teams. Otherwise, Telomere and telomerase are two cells components which play an important role in cancer initiation, cancer progression and cancer therapy resistance such as radiotherapy resistance. For resolving the problems of the limitation of cancer radiotherapy effectiveness especially the cancer radio-resistance problems, the radio-gene-therapy strategy which is the use of gene-therapy via modulation of gene expression combined with radiotherapy was developed and used as a new strategy to treat the patients with cancer. In this review, we summarized the information concerning the implication of telomere and telomerase modulation in cancer radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiou Assani
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudi Xiong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Zhang P, Pei C, Wang X, Xiang J, Sun BF, Cheng Y, Qi X, Marchetti M, Xu JW, Sun YP, Edgar BA, Yuan Z. A Balance of Yki/Sd Activator and E2F1/Sd Repressor Complexes Controls Cell Survival and Affects Organ Size. Dev Cell 2018; 43:603-617.e5. [PMID: 29207260 PMCID: PMC5722641 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo/Yki and RB/E2F pathways both regulate tissue growth by affecting cell proliferation and survival, but interactions between these parallel control systems are poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that interaction between Drosophila E2F1 and Sd disrupts Yki/Sd complex formation and thereby suppresses Yki target gene expression. RBF modifies these effects by reducing E2F1/Sd interaction. This regulation has significant effects on apoptosis, organ size, and progenitor cell proliferation. Using a combination of DamID-seq and RNA-seq, we identified a set of Yki targets that play a diversity of roles during development and are suppressed by E2F1. Further, we found that human E2F1 competes with YAP for TEAD1 binding, affecting YAP activity, indicating that this mode of cross-regulation is conserved. In sum, our study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism in which RBF and E2F1 modify Hippo signaling responses to modulate apoptosis, organ growth, and homeostasis. RBF/E2F1 regulates the Hippo pathway by modulating formation of Yki/Sd complexes E2F1 releases Yki:Sd association and suppresses a set of Yki target expression Human E2F1 competes with YAP for TEAD1 binding and affects YAP activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chunli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xi Wang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinyi Xiang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bao-Fa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Cheng
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Marco Marchetti
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jia-Wei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.
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17
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CUL2 overexpression driven by CUL2/E2F1/miR-424 regulatory loop promotes HPV16 E7 induced cervical carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31520-33. [PMID: 27153550 PMCID: PMC5058775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that HPV16 E7, but not other genotypes, can bind to scaffold protein CUL2 during inducing cervical carcinogenesis, but the expression level, associated regulating mechanism, and potential carcinogenicity of CUL2 itself is still unknown as yet. Here, we demonstrated that CUL2 was specifically overexpressed in HPV16 positive cervical cancer cells and tissues, and CUL2 expression was significantly increased along with the cervical lesion progression and positively correlated with HPV16 E7. CUL2 knockdown slowed the growth of xenograft tumors in mouse models. Importantly, CUL2 specifically bound to HPV16 E7, but not HPV18 E7. Moreover, CUL2 acted as a direct target of miR-424, and reversely suppressed miR-424; E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) suppressed miR-424 expression; CUL2 bound to E2F1 and promoted E2F1 expression. Our results indicate the existence of a regulatory loop among CUL2, E2F1, and miR-424 in HPV16 positive cervical cancer cells. Our results suggest that E7 recruited CUL2, driven by CUL2/E2F1/miR-424 regulatory loop, is overexpressed and accelerates HPV16-induced cervical carcinogenesis. Our findings may serve as one of the explanations for a clinical phenomenon that HPV16 possesses the strongest cervical carcinogenicity among high-risk HPV genotypes.
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18
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Sheldon LA. Inhibition of E2F1 activity and cell cycle progression by arsenic via retinoblastoma protein. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2058-2072. [PMID: 28880708 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1338221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell cycle progression by steroid hormones and growth factors is important for maintaining normal cellular processes including development and cell proliferation. Deregulated progression through the G1/S and G2/M cell cycle transitions can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and cancer. The transcription factor E2F1, a key cell cycle regulator, targets genes encoding proteins that regulate cell cycle progression through the G1/S transition as well as proteins important in DNA repair and apoptosis. E2F1 expression and activity is inhibited by inorganic arsenic (iAs) that has a dual role as a cancer therapeutic and as a toxin that leads to diseases including cancer. An understanding of what underlies this dichotomy will contribute to understanding how to use iAs as a more effective therapeutic and also how to treat cancers that iAs promotes. Here, we show that quiescent breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells treated with 17-β estradiol (E2) progress through the cell cycle, but few cells treated with E2 + iAs progress from G1 into S-phase due to a block in cell cycle progression. Our data support a model in which iAs inhibits the dissociation of E2F1 from the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma protein (pRB) due to changes in pRB phosphorylation which leads to decreased E2F1 transcriptional activity. These findings present an explanation for how iAs can disrupt cell cycle progression through E2F1-pRB and has implications for how iAs acts as a cancer therapeutic as well as how it may promote tumorigenesis through decreased DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn A Sheldon
- a Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology , Hanover , NH , USA
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19
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Rheinbay E, Parasuraman P, Grimsby J, Tiao G, Engreitz JM, Kim J, Lawrence MS, Taylor-Weiner A, Rodriguez-Cuevas S, Rosenberg M, Hess J, Stewart C, Maruvka YE, Stojanov P, Cortes ML, Seepo S, Cibulskis C, Tracy A, Pugh TJ, Lee J, Zheng Z, Ellisen LW, Iafrate AJ, Boehm JS, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Baselga J, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Shioda T, Bernards A, Lander ES, Getz G. Recurrent and functional regulatory mutations in breast cancer. Nature 2017; 547:55-60. [PMID: 28658208 DOI: 10.1038/nature22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of tumours has led to the identification of hundreds of cancer genes on the basis of the presence of mutations in protein-coding regions. By contrast, much less is known about cancer-causing mutations in non-coding regions. Here we perform deep sequencing in 360 primary breast cancers and develop computational methods to identify significantly mutated promoters. Clear signals are found in the promoters of three genes. FOXA1, a known driver of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer, harbours a mutational hotspot in its promoter leading to overexpression through increased E2F binding. RMRP and NEAT1, two non-coding RNA genes, carry mutations that affect protein binding to their promoters and alter expression levels. Our study shows that promoter regions harbour recurrent mutations in cancer with functional consequences and that the mutations occur at similar frequencies as in coding regions. Power analyses indicate that more such regions remain to be discovered through deep sequencing of adequately sized cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rheinbay
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Prasanna Parasuraman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jonna Grimsby
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Grace Tiao
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jaegil Kim
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | | | | | - Mara Rosenberg
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Julian Hess
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Chip Stewart
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Maria L Cortes
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Sara Seepo
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Carrie Cibulskis
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Adam Tracy
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jesse Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Zongli Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Stacey B Gabriel
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jose Baselga
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Andre Bernards
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02124, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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20
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Stelitano D, Peche LY, Dalla E, Monte M, Piazza S, Schneider C. GTSE1: a novel TEAD4-E2F1 target gene involved in cell protrusions formation in triple-negative breast cancer cell models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67422-67438. [PMID: 28978043 PMCID: PMC5620183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GTSE1 over-expression has been reported as a potential marker for metastasis in various types of malignancies, including breast cancer. Despite this, the transcriptional regulation of this protein and the causes of its misregulation in tumors remain largely unknown. The aims of this work were to elucidate how GTSE1 is regulated at the transcriptional level and to clarify the mechanism underlying GTSE1-dependent cell functions in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we identified GTSE1 as a novel target gene of the TEAD4 transcription factor, highlighting a role for the YAP and TAZ coactivators in the transcriptional regulation of GTSE1. Moreover, we found that TEAD4 controls the formation of cell protrusions required for cell migration through GTSE1, unveiling a relevant effector role for this protein in the TEAD-dependent cellular functions and confirming TEAD4 role in promoting invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Finally, we highlighted a role for the pRb-E2F1 pathway in the control of GTSE1 transcription and observed that treatment with drugs targeting the pRb-E2F1 or YAP/TAZ-TEAD pathways dramatically downregulated the expression levels of GTSE1 and of other genes involved in the formation of metastasis, suggesting their potential use in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Stelitano
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (L.N.CIB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Leticia Yamila Peche
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (L.N.CIB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (L.N.CIB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Monte
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica and IQUIBICEN-UBA/CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (L.N.CIB), Trieste, Italy.,Bioinformatics Core facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Schneider
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (L.N.CIB), Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biologiche (DSMB), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
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21
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Sapochnik M, Fuertes M, Arzt E. Programmed cell senescence: role of IL-6 in the pituitary. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R241-R253. [PMID: 28381401 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple pathophysiological functions. As a key factor of the senescence secretome, it can not only promote tumorigenesis and cell proliferation but also exert tumor suppressive functions, depending on the cellular context. IL-6, as do other cytokines, plays important roles in the function, growth and neuroendocrine responses of the anterior pituitary gland. The multiple actions of IL-6 on normal and adenomatous pituitary function, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling indicate its importance in the regulation of the anterior pituitary. Pituitary tumors are mostly benign adenomas with low mitotic index and rarely became malignant. Premature senescence occurs in slow-growing benign tumors, like pituitary adenomas. The dual role of IL-6 in senescence and tumorigenesis is well represented in pituitary tumor development, as it has been demonstrated that effects of paracrine IL-6 may allow initial pituitary cell growth, whereas autocrine IL-6 in the same tumor triggers senescence and restrains aggressive growth and malignant transformation. IL-6 is instrumental in promotion and maintenance of the senescence program in pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sapochnik
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Fuertes
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck SocietyBuenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y CelularFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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p53-related protein kinase confers poor prognosis and represents a novel therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Blood 2017; 129:1308-1319. [PMID: 28082445 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-738500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p53-related protein kinase (TP53RK, also known as PRPK) is an upstream kinase that phosphorylates (serine residue Ser15) and mediates p53 activity. Here we show that TP53RK confers poor prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and, conversely, that TP53RK knockdown inhibits p53 phosphorylation and triggers MM cell apoptosis, associated with downregulation of c-Myc and E2F-1-mediated upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bim. We further demonstrate that TP53RK downregulation also triggers growth inhibition in p53-deficient and p53-mutant MM cell lines and identify novel downstream targets of TP53RK including ribonucleotide reductase-1, telomerase reverse transcriptase, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2C. Our previous studies showed that immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) downregulate p21 and trigger apoptosis in wild-type-p53 MM.1S cells, Importantly, we demonstrate by pull-down, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning fluorimetry, and isothermal titration calorimetry that IMiDs bind and inhibit TP53RK, with biologic sequelae similar to TP53RK knockdown. Our studies therefore demonstrate that either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TP53RK triggers MM cell apoptosis via both p53-Myc axis-dependent and axis-independent pathways, validating TP53RK as a novel therapeutic target in patients with poor-prognosis MM.
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23
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Neault M, Couteau F, Bonneau É, De Guire V, Mallette FA. Molecular Regulation of Cellular Senescence by MicroRNAs: Implications in Cancer and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 334:27-98. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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24
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Wu J, Sabirzhanov B, Stoica BA, Lipinski MM, Zhao Z, Zhao S, Ward N, Yang D, Faden AI. Ablation of the transcription factors E2F1-2 limits neuroinflammation and associated neurological deficits after contusive spinal cord injury. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3698-712. [PMID: 26505089 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces cell cycle activation (CCA) that contributes to secondary injury and related functional impairments such as motor deficits and hyperpathia. E2F1 and E2F2 are members of the activator sub-family of E2F transcription factors that play an important role in proliferating cells and in cell cycle-related neuronal death, but no comprehensive study have been performed in SCI to determine the relative importance of these factors. Here we examined the temporal distribution and cell-type specificity of E2F1 and E2F2 expression following mouse SCI, as well as the effects of genetic deletion of E2F1-2 on neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation and associated neurological dysfunction. SCI significantly increased E2F1 and E2F2 expression in active caspase-3(+) neurons/oligodendrocytes as well as in activated microglia/astrocytes. Injury-induced up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes and protein was significantly reduced by intrathecal injection of high specificity E2F decoy oligodeoxynucleotides against the E2F-binding site or in E2F1-2 null mice. Combined E2F1+2 siRNA treatment show greater neuroprotection in vivo than E2F1 or E2F2 single siRNA treatment. Knockout of both E2F1 and E2F2 genes (E2Fdko) significantly reduced neuronal death, neuroinflammation, and tissue damage, as well as limiting motor dysfunction and hyperpathia after SCI. Both CCA reduction and functional improvement in E2Fdko mice were greater than those in E2F2ko model. These studies demonstrate that SCI-induced activation of E2F1-2 mediates CCA, contributing to gliopathy and neuronal/tissue loss associated with motor impairments and post-traumatic hyperesthesia. Thus, E2F1-2 provide a therapeutic target for decreasing secondary tissue damage and promoting recovery of function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wu
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Boris Sabirzhanov
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Marta M Lipinski
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Zaorui Zhao
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Nicole Ward
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Dianer Yang
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock ; Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR); University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology ; University of Maryland School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
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25
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Htike NTT, Maekawa F, Soutome H, Sano K, Maejima S, Aung KH, Tokuda M, Tsukahara S. Arsenic Exposure Induces Unscheduled Mitotic S Phase Entry Coupled with Cell Death in Mouse Cortical Astrocytes. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:297. [PMID: 27445668 PMCID: PMC4926759 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is serious concern about arsenic in the natural environment, which exhibits neurotoxicity and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Adverse effects of arsenic have been demonstrated in neurons, but it is not fully understood how arsenic affects other cell types in the brain. In the current study, we examined whether sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) affects the cell cycle, viability, and apoptosis of in vitro-cultured astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortex of mice. Cultured astrocytes from transgenic mice expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) were subjected to live imaging analysis to assess the effects of NaAsO2 (0, 1, 2, and 4 μM) on the cell cycle and number of cells. Fucci was designed to express monomeric Kusabira Orange2 (mKO2) fused with the ubiquitylation domain of hCdt1, a marker of G1 phase, and monomeric Azami Green (mAG) fused with the ubiquitylation domain of hGem, a marker of S, G2, and M phases. NaAsO2 concentration-dependently decreased the peak levels of the mAG/mKO2 emission ratio when the ratio had reached a peak in astrocytes without NaAsO2 exposure, which was due to attenuating the increase in the mAG-expressing cell number. In contrast, the mAG/mKO2 emission ratio and number of mAG-expressing cells were concentration-dependently increased by NaAsO2 before their peak levels, indicating unscheduled S phase entry. We further examined the fate of cells forced to enter S phase by NaAsO2. We found that most of these cells died up to the end of live imaging. In addition, quantification of the copy number of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene expressed specifically in astrocytes revealed a concentration-dependent decrease caused by NaAsO2. However, NaAsO2 did not increase the amount of nucleosomes generated from DNA fragmentation and failed to alter the gene expression of molecules relevant to unscheduled S phase entry-coupled apoptosis (p21, p53, E2F1, E2F4, and Gm36566). These findings suggest that NaAsO2 adversely affects the cell cycle and viability of astrocytes by inducing unscheduled S phase entry coupled with cell death that may be caused by mechanisms other than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nang T T Htike
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Soutome
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sano
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sho Maejima
- Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyaw H Aung
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama UniversitySaitama, Japan; Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama UniversitySaitama, Japan
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26
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Zhang R, Li F, Wang W, Wang X, Li S, Liu J. The effect of antisense inhibitor of miRNA 106b∼25 on the proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10507-15. [PMID: 26850596 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data has demonstrated that miRNA 106b∼25, which are composed of the highly conserved miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25, play carcinogenic roles in cancers. We investigated the expression of miRNA 106b∼25 in gastric cancer cells (SGC 7901, MGC 803, BGC 823) and normal gastric epithelial cell then inhibited miRNA 106b∼25 expression via transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitor. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, MTT, Scratch test, Transwell invasion test, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation, invasion, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell. The expression of miRNA 106b, miRNA 93, and miRNA 25 in gastric cancer cells SGC 7901, MGC 803, and BGC 823 was significantly higher than in gastric epithelial cell GES-1. The most significant suppression of miRNA 106b∼25 expressions can be detected in MGC 803 cell after transiently transfecting their antisense inhibitors. So, MGC 803 cell was selected as our research object. After inhibiting miRNA 106b and miRNA 93 respectively and combined, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell MGC 803 were significantly suppressed. The most significant suppression was observed in combined inhibiting group. After miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited respectively or combined, more gastric cancer cells were arrested in the G0G1 phase. However, there was no statistical difference in comparing with control groups. While the percentages of apoptotic cells increased after miRNA 106b∼25 cluster was inhibited, the statistical difference was detected only in combined inhibiting group. Inhibiting miRNA 106b∼25 cluster via transfecting antisense inhibitor can influence biological behavior of gastric cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Zhang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Fangxuan Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixia Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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27
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Gu L, Hitzel J, Moll F, Kruse C, Malik RA, Preussner J, Looso M, Leisegang MS, Steinhilber D, Brandes RP, Fork C. The Histone Demethylase PHF8 Is Essential for Endothelial Cell Migration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146645. [PMID: 26751588 PMCID: PMC4713448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic marks critically control gene expression and thus the cellular activity state. The functions of many epigenetic modifiers in the vascular system have not yet been studied. We screened for histone modifiers in endothelial cells and observed a fairly high expression of the histone plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8). Given its high expression, we hypothesize that this histone demethylase is important for endothelial cell function. Overexpression of PHF8 catalyzed the removal of methyl-groups from histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and H4K20, whereas knockdown of the enzyme increased H3K9 methylation. Knockdown of PHF8 by RNAi also attenuated endothelial proliferation and survival. As a functional readout endothelial migration and tube formation was studied. PHF8 siRNA attenuated the capacity for migration and developing of capillary-like structures. Given the impact of PHF8 on cell cycle genes, endothelial E2F transcription factors were screened, which led to the identification of the gene repressor E2F4 to be controlled by PHF8. Importantly, PHF8 maintains E2F4 but not E2F1 expression in endothelial cells. Consistently, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that PHF8 reduces the H3K9me2 level at the E2F4 transcriptional start site, demonstrating a direct function of PHF8 in endothelial E2F4 gene regulation. Conclusion: PHF8 by controlling E2F4 expression maintains endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunda Gu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juliane Hitzel
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Kruse
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Randa Abdel Malik
- Institute of Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias S. Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ZAFES, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Fork
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
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28
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pituitary Pathogenesis. Biochem Genet 2015; 54:107-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhong R, Bechill J, Spiotto MT. Loss of E2F1 Extends Survival and Accelerates Oral Tumor Growth in HPV-Positive Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2372-85. [PMID: 26670255 PMCID: PMC4695895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with several human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). HPV expresses the viral oncogene E7 that binds to the retinoblastoma protein (RB1) in order to activate the E2F pathway. RB1 can mediate contradictory pathways-cell growth and cell death via E2F family members. Here, we assessed the extent to which E2F1 mediates lethality of HPV oncogenes. Ubiquitous expression of the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 caused lethality in mice that was associated with focal necrosis in hepatocytes and pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, all organs expressing HPV oncogenes displayed up-regulation of several E2F1 target genes. The E2F1 pathway mediated lethality in HPV-positive mice because deletion of E2F1 increased survival of mice ubiquitously expressing HPV oncogenes. E2F1 similarly functioned as a tumor suppressor in HPV-positive oral tumors as tumors grew faster with homozygous loss of E2F1 compared to tumors with heterozygous loss of E2F1. Re-expression of E2F1 caused decreased clonogenicity in HPV-positive cancer cells. Our results indicate that HPV oncogenes activated the E2F1 pathway to cause lethality in normal mice and to suppress oral tumor growth. These results suggest that selective modulation of the E2F1 pathway, which is activated in HPV tumors, may facilitate tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhong
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - John Bechill
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Wei WY, Yan LH, Wang XT, Li L, Cao WL, Zhang XS, Zhan ZX, Yu H, Xie YB, Xiao Q. E2F-1 overexpression inhibits human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:491-501. [PMID: 25593464 PMCID: PMC4292280 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the influence of E2F-1 on the growth of human gastric cancer (GC) cells in vivo and the mechanism involved.
METHODS: E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors were injected into xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, and then tumor growth was investigated. Overexpression of transcription factor E2F-1 was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Expression levels of certain cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and c-Myc were examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR.
RESULTS: Xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice injected with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors stably overexpressed the E2F-1 gene as measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (relative mRNA expression: 0.10 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 for control vector and 0.06 ± 0.03 for no infection; both P < 0.01) and Western blotting (relative protein expression: 1.90 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.03 in control vector infected and 1.11 ± 0.02 for no infection; both P < 0.01). The growth-curve of tumor volumes revealed that infection with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors significantly inhibited the growth of human GC xenografts (2.81 ± 1.02 vs 6.18 ± 1.15 in control vector infected and 5.87 ± 1.23 with no infection; both P < 0.05) at 15 d after treatment. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that E2F-1 overexpression promoted tumor cell apoptosis (18.6% ± 2.3% vs 6.7% ± 1.2% in control vector infected 6.3% ± 1.2% for no infection; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated E2F-1 overexpression increased the expression of Bax and suppressed survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2, and c-Myc expression in tumor tissue.
CONCLUSION: E2F-1 inhibits growth of GC cells via regulating multiple signaling pathways, and may play an important role in targeted therapy for GC.
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Morales LD, Casillas Pavón EA, Shin JW, Garcia A, Capetillo M, Kim DJ, Lieman JH. Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN facilitate Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97104. [PMID: 24809452 PMCID: PMC4014576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain tissue homeostasis, apoptosis is functionally linked to the cell cycle through the retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F pathway. When the Rb tumor suppressor protein is functionally inactivated, E2F1 elicits an apoptotic response through both intrinsic (caspase-9 mediated) and extrinsic (caspase-8 mediated) apoptotic pathways in order to eliminate hyperproliferative cells. Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with the loss of constitutive transcriptional repression by Rb/E2F complexes and mediated by caspase-8. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) PTP-1B and SHP-2 have been previously shown to be directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression during Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. In this current study, we demonstrate that the PTEN tumor suppressor is also directly activated by loss of Rb/E2F repression. We also demonstrate that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptosis. Knockdown of PTP1B, SHP2, or PTEN expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in apoptotic cells increases cell viability and rescues cells from the Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic response. Furthermore, rescue from apoptosis coincides with inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage (activation). Our results indicate PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN all play a functional role in Rb/E2F-associated apoptotic signal transduction and provide further evidence that PTP-1B, SHP-2, and PTEN can contribute to tumor suppression through an Rb/E2F-associated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Edgar A. Casillas Pavón
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan Shin
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Capetillo
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Lieman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, South Texas College, McAllen, Texas, United States of America
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Lu Z, Bauzon F, Fu H, Cui J, Zhao H, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI, Zhu L. Skp2 suppresses apoptosis in Rb1-deficient tumours by limiting E2F1 activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3463. [PMID: 24632684 PMCID: PMC3982150 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One mechanism of tumor suppression by pRb is repressing E2F1. Hence, E2f1 deletion diminishes tumorigenesis following Rb1 loss. However, E2F1 promotes both proliferation and apoptosis. It therefore remains unclear how de-repressed E2F1 promotes tumorigenesis. Another mechanism of pRb function is repressing Skp2 to elevate p27 to arrest proliferation. However, Skp2 deletion induced apoptosis, not proliferation arrest, in Rb1 deficient pituitary tumorigenesis. Here, we show that Rb1 deletion induces higher expression of E2F1 target genes in the absence of Skp2. E2F1 binds less cyclin A but more target promoters when Rb1 is deleted with Skp2 knockout or p27T187A knockin, suggesting that stabilized p27 prevents cyclin A from binding and inhibiting E2F1. In Rb1 deficient pituitary tumorigenesis, Skp2 deletion or p27T187A mutation converts E2F1’s role from proliferative to apoptotic. These findings delineate a pRb-Skp2-p27-cyclin A-E2F1 pathway that determines whether E2F1 is proliferative or apoptotic in Rb1 deficient tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Lu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Frederick Bauzon
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jinhua Cui
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiich I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Medicine, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center and Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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33
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Zhan L, Huang C, Meng XM, Song Y, Wu XQ, Miu CG, Zhan XS, Li J. Promising roles of mammalian E2Fs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1075-81. [PMID: 24440307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs) traditionally modulates assorted cellular functions related to cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Eight members, E2F1 E2F8 have been recognized of this family so far, and the members of this family are generally divided into activator E2F (E2F1--E2F3a), repressor E2F (E2F3b--E2F5) and inhibitor E2F (E2F6--E2F8) subclasses based on their structur-e and function. Studies have showed that the mammalian E2F family members represent a recent evolutionary adaptation to malignancies besides hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a growing body of evidence has validated that the individual members of the family develop a close relationship with HCC. E2F1 was identified to play overlapping roles in HCC, while E2F2--E2F8 (except E2F6 and E2F7) showed to be tumor-promoter in HCC. However, the mechanism underlying the mammalian E2Fs associated with HCC is still unknown and needs further research. The aim of this review is to sum up the collective knowledge of E2F family and the roles of each member of this family in HCC. Moreover, we will discuss some novel therapeutic target for HCC based on the complicated functions of mammalian E2Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Xiao Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Xiao Qin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Cheng Gui Miu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Xiang Shu Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (AMU), China.
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34
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Pocket proteins pRb and p107 are required for cortical lamination independent of apoptosis. Dev Biol 2013; 384:101-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Birkenkamp-Demtröder K, Hahn SA, Mansilla F, Thorsen K, Maghnouj A, Christensen R, Øster B, Ørntoft TF. Keratin23 (KRT23) knockdown decreases proliferation and affects the DNA damage response of colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73593. [PMID: 24039993 PMCID: PMC3767798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 23 (KRT23) is strongly expressed in colon adenocarcinomas but absent in normal colon mucosa. Array based methylation profiling of 40 colon samples showed that the promoter of KRT23 was methylated in normal colon mucosa, while hypomethylated in most adenocarcinomas. Promoter methylation correlated with absent expression, while increased KRT23 expression in tumor samples correlated with promoter hypomethylation, as confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. Demethylation induced KRT23 expression in vitro. Expression profiling of shRNA mediated stable KRT23 knockdown in colon cancer cell lines showed that KRT23 depletion affected molecules of the cell cycle and DNA replication, recombination and repair. In vitro analyses confirmed that KRT23 depletion significantly decreased the cellular proliferation of SW948 and LS1034 cells and markedly decreased the expression of genes involved in DNA damage response, mainly molecules of the double strand break repair homologous recombination pathway. KRT23 knockdown decreased the transcript and protein expression of key molecules as e.g. MRE11A, E2F1, RAD51 and BRCA1. Knockdown of KRT23 rendered colon cancer cells more sensitive to irradiation and reduced proliferation of the KRT23 depleted cells compared to irradiated control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan A. Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Center of Clinical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Francisco Mansilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine MOMA, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine MOMA, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Center of Clinical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rikke Christensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Bodil Øster
- Department of Molecular Medicine MOMA, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Torben Falck Ørntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine MOMA, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Garcia-Jove Navarro M, Basset C, Arcondéguy T, Touriol C, Perez G, Prats H, Lacazette E. Api5 contributes to E2F1 control of the G1/S cell cycle phase transition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71443. [PMID: 23940755 PMCID: PMC3737092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The E2f transcription factor family has a pivotal role in controlling the cell fate in general, and in particular cancer development, by regulating the expression of several genes required for S phase entry and progression through the cell cycle. It has become clear that the transcriptional activation of at least one member of the family, E2F1, can also induce apoptosis. An appropriate balance of positive and negative regulators appears to be necessary to modulate E2F1 transcriptional activity, and thus cell fate. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report, we show that Api5, already known as a regulator of E2F1 induced-apoptosis, is required for the E2F1 transcriptional activation of G1/S transition genes, and consequently, for cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Api5 appears to be a cell cycle regulated protein. Removal of Api5 reduces cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin D1 and Cdk2 levels, causing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell cycle delay. Luciferase assays established that Api5 directly regulates the expression of several G1/S genes under E2F1 control. Using protein/protein and protein/DNA immunoprecipitation studies, we demonstrate that Api5, even if not physically interacting with E2F1, contributes positively to E2F1 transcriptional activity by increasing E2F1 binding to its target promoters, through an indirect mechanism. Conclusion/Significance The results described here support the pivotal role of cell cycle related proteins, that like E2F1, may act as tumor suppressors or as proto-oncogenes during cancer development, depending on the behavior of their positive and negative regulators. According to our findings, Api5 contributes to E2F1 transcriptional activation of cell cycle-associated genes by facilitating E2F1 recruitment onto its target promoters and thus E2F1 target gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Basset
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Tania Arcondéguy
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Touriol
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Perez
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Prats
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Lacazette
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Cancer Department, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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37
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Chen D, Chen Y, Forrest D, Bremner R. E2f2 induces cone photoreceptor apoptosis independent of E2f1 and E2f3. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:931-40. [PMID: 23558950 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'activating' E2fs (E2f1-3) are transcription factors that potently induce quiescent cells to divide. Work on cultured fibroblasts suggested they were essential for division, but in vivo analysis in the developing retina and other tissues disproved this notion. The retina, therefore, is an ideal location to assess other in vivo adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2f) functions. It is thought that E2f1 directly induces apoptosis, whereas other activating E2fs only induce death indirectly by upregulating E2f1 expression. Indeed, mouse retinoblastoma (Rb)-null retinal neuron death requires E2f1, but not E2f2 or E2f3. However, we report an entirely distinct mechanism in dying cone photoreceptors. These neurons survive Rb loss, but undergo apoptosis in the cancer-prone retina lacking both Rb and its relative p107. We show that while E2f1 killed Rb/p107 null rod, bipolar and ganglion neurons, E2f2 was required and sufficient for cone death, independent of E2f1 and E2f3. Moreover, whereas E2f1-dependent apoptosis was p53 and p73-independent, E2f2 caused p53-dependent cone death. Our in vivo analysis of cone photoreceptors provides unequivocal proof that E2f-induces apoptosis independent of E2f1, and reveals distinct E2f1- and E2f2-activated death pathways in response to a single tumorigenic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Li F, Liu J, Li S. MicorRNA 106b ∼ 25 cluster and gastric cancer. Surg Oncol 2013; 22:e7-10. [PMID: 23510949 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer are not yet satisfactory, and it calls for better diagnosis and treatments based on a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms. It has been revealed that the number of verified human microRNA (miRNA) expression contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. Among them, miR-106b ∼ 25 cluster is of particular interest. The miRNA-106b ∼ 25 cluster is composed of the highly conserved miRNA-106b, miRNA-93 and miRNA-25. The miRNA-106b ∼ 25 polycistron exerted potential proliferative, anti-apoptotic and cell cycle-promoting effects on cancer cells. Over-expression of the miRNA-106b ∼ 25 cluster is known to overcome TGF-beta mediated growth suppression via targeting p21 and Bim. This cluster can additionally target the inhibitory Smad7 protein and increase TGF-beta RI which is sufficient to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MiRNA-93 can promote angiogenesis. The tumor suppressor genes RB and PTEN are the direct targets of miRNA-106b ∼ 25. Especially, miRNA-106b ∼ 25 clusters play an important role in oncogenesis of gastric cancer. Focus on the essential role in tumorgenisis and extremely low expression of miRNA-106b ∼ 25 in normal tissues, it maybe an appropriate target of gastric cancer treatment and a novel biomarkers for detecting gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Li
- Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
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Bao X, Zhao S, Liu T, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang X. Overexpression of PRMT5 promotes tumor cell growth and is associated with poor disease prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:206-17. [PMID: 23292799 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413475452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 has been reported to be involved in the processes of tumor progression at various steps. The aim of this study was to examine the role of PRMT5 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, PRMT5 and Ki-67 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cohorts of normal, benign, and cancerous ovarian tissues. PRMT5 overexpression was observed in 83.1% (98/118) of EOCs, and it was significantly associated with serous type, poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, lymph node invasion, presence of residual tumor, and high expression of Ki-67 (p<0.05, respectively). Moreover, overexpression of PRMT5 was an independent prognostic marker for decreased overall survival and progression-free survival in univariate survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. In ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and SKOV3, PRMT5 knockdown by siRNA inhibited cell growth/proliferation and induced apoptosis via upregulation of E2F-1. These results suggest that overexpression of PRMT5 correlates with an aggressive malignant phenotype and may constitute a novel prognostic factor for EOC. Thus, PRMT5 may represent a clinically effective new target for therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Bao
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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40
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Zhao Y, Tang L, Nie W, Wang Z, Guan X. Functional variants at the miRNA binding sites of the E2F1 gene and its mRNA expression. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:398-402. [PMID: 23255957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 is a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and deregulated expression of E2F1 has been frequently found in a number of malignancies. Previous studies have indentified that E2F1 genetic 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) microRNA (miRNA) binding site variants are significantly associated with cancer risk; however, the roles of genetic variants in the E2F1 3'UTR in its post-transcriptional regulation have not been elucidated. Hence, using mRNA expression data from the HapMap online database, we analyzed the association between the variants at the miRNA binding sites of E2F1 and its mRNA expression. In the present study, we report the identification of 5 variants of putative miRNA binding sites in the E2F1 3'UTR by bioinformatic analysis. Among them, rs3213180 was found to be significantly associated with E2F1 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines from the HapMap database (P=0.045); however, no significant association was demonstrated in this study for rs3213182 (P=0.345) and rs3213183 (P=0.402). This study demonstrated that rs3213180 may be a putative variant mediating the post-transcriptional regulation of the E2F1 target gene. In conclusion, 3'UTR polymorphism is significantly associated with E2F1 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. However, this finding requires validation in further functional analysis of the underlying mechanism involving E2F1 transcriptional activity associated with variants in the 3'UTR.
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41
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NEDDylation controls the target specificity of E2F1 and apoptosis induction. Oncogene 2012; 32:3954-64. [PMID: 23001041 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 has pivotal roles in both cell proliferation and cell death, and is an important molecular target in cancer. Under proliferative conditions E2F1 induces the expression of genes that promote cell cycle progression, such as E2F2, whereas under proapoptotic conditions E2F1 induces expression of genes such as p73 that lead to apoptosis. The mechanism by which the apoptotic function of E2F1 is activated remains unclear, however. We now show that members of the E2F family are covalently conjugated with the ubiquitin-like modifier NEDD8. Overexpression of SENP8, a NEDD8-specific cysteine protease, resulted in deNEDDylation of E2F1 and promoted its transactivation activity at the p73 gene but not at the E2F2 gene. Knockdown of SENP8, on the other hand, attenuated p73 expression and apoptosis induced by E2F1 or by DNA damage. SENP8 also promoted the interaction between E2F1 and its cofactor Microcephalin 1, which is required for p73 induction. These results suggest that NEDDylation is a molecular trigger that modifies the target specificity of E2F1, and could have important implications for E2F1 regulation of apoptosis.
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Morales LD, Pena K, Kim DJ, Lieman JH. SHP-2 and PTP-pest induction during Rb-E2F associated apoptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2012; 17:422-32. [PMID: 22644489 PMCID: PMC6275625 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-012-0020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is intimately connected to cell cycle regulation via the Retinoblastoma (Rb)-E2F pathway and thereby serves an essential role in tumor suppression by eliminating aberrant hyperproliferative cells. Upon loss of Rb activity, an apoptotic response can be elicited through both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. While much of this apoptotic response has been attributed to the p19ARF/p53 pathway, increasing evidence has supported the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in contributing to the initiation of the Rb-E2F-associated apoptotic response. One protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP-1B, which is induced by the Rb-E2F pathway, has been shown to contribute to a p53-independent apoptotic pathway by inactivating focal adhesion kinase. This report identifies two additional PTPs, SHP-2 and PTP-PEST, that are also directly activated by the Rb-E2F pathway and which can contribute to signal transduction during p53-independent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D. Morales
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX USA
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - Karina Pena
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, TX USA
- Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - Jonathan H. Lieman
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX USA
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43
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Libertini SJ, Chen H, al-Bataina B, Koilvaram T, George M, Gao AC, Mudryj M. The interleukin 6 receptor is a direct transcriptional target of E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cells. Prostate 2012; 72:649-60. [PMID: 21837779 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E2F/RB pathway is frequently disrupted in multiple human cancers. E2F3 levels are elevated in prostate tumors and E2F3 overexpression independently predicts clinical outcome. The goals of this study were to identify direct transcriptional targets of E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cells. METHODS Expression array studies identified the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) as an E2F3 target. E2F3-dependent expression of IL-6R was analyzed by real time PCR and Western immunoblot analysis in several cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and IL-6R-luciferase reporter plasmid studies were used to characterize the IL-6R promoter. RESULTS Expression array studies identified genes that were regulated by E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cell lines. The network most significantly associated with E2F3-regulated transcripts was cytokine signaling and the IL-6R was a component of several of the most prominent E2F3-regulated pathways. The transcriptional regulation of IL-6R by E2F3 knockdown was validated in several prostate tumor-derived cell lines at the RNA level and protein level. The IL-6R regulatory region containing ChIP-identified E2F3 binding sites was cloned into a reporter and co-transfected with an E2F3a expression plasmid. The luciferase assay showed that E2F3a transactivated the IL-6R promoter in a dose dependent manner. The functional consequence of IL-6R decrease was a reduction in the levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that IL-6R initiated signaling was altered. CONCLUSION These studies connect the E2F and IL-6 signaling cascade, thus providing the mechanistic link between two major regulatory networks that are perturbed during prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Libertini
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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44
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Rubtsova M, Vasilkova D, Malyavko A, Naraikina Y, Zvereva M, Dontsova O. Telomere lengthening and other functions of telomerase. Acta Naturae 2012; 4:44-61. [PMID: 22872811 PMCID: PMC3408703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains the length of the telomere. The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). For example, telomerase is activated in embryonic cell lines and the telomere length is maintained at a constant level; therefore, these cells have an unlimited fission potential. Stem cells are characterized by a lower telomerase activity, which enables only partial compensation for the shortening of telomeres. Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. The cells subsequently enter a state of crisis, accompanied by massive cell death. The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase. It consists of two major components: telomerase RNA (TER) and reverse transcriptase (TERT). TER is a non-coding RNA, and it contains the region which serves as a template for telomere synthesis. An increasing number of articles focussing on the alternative functions of telomerase components have recently started appearing. The present review summarizes data on the structure, biogenesis, and functions of telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Rubtsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State
University
| | | | - A.N. Malyavko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department
| | - Yu.V. Naraikina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and
Bioinformatics
| | - M.I. Zvereva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State
University
| | - O.A. Dontsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State
University
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Wang XT, Xie YB, Xiao Q. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting E2F-1 inhibits human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth in vivo. Exp Mol Med 2012; 43:638-45. [PMID: 21869593 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F-1 transcription factor is post-translationally modified and stabilized in response to various forms of DNA damage to regulate the expression of cell-cycle and pro-apoptotic genes. The sustained overexpression of E2F-1 is a characteristic feature of gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting E2F-1 gene on human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth in vivo, and preliminarily revealed the mechanism. Thus, we constructed recombinant pGCSIL-GFP-shRNA-E2F-1 lentiviral vector to knock down E2F-1 expression in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells in vivo, and studied the effect of E2F-1 shRNA on growth of MGC-803 tumor and evaluated its treatment efficacy. Our data demonstrated that in a mouse model of established gastric cancer, intratumor injection of lentiviral shRNA targeting E2F-1 definitely decreased the endogenous E2F-1 mRNA and protein expression in MGC-803 tumor, and inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor cells apoptosis. Moreover, we found that E2F-1 shRNA increased the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, and suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression in tumor tissue as determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting. In summary, shRNA targeting of E2F-1 can effectively inhibits human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth in vivo and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tong Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530021, China
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46
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Carnevale J, Palander O, Seifried LA, Dick FA. DNA damage signals through differentially modified E2F1 molecules to induce apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:900-12. [PMID: 22184068 PMCID: PMC3295199 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06286-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E2F transcription can lead to cell proliferation or apoptosis, indicating that E2Fs control opposing functions. In a similar manner, DNA double-strand breaks can signal to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Specifically, pRB is activated following DNA damage, allowing it to bind to E2Fs and block transcription at cell cycle promoters; however, E2F1 is simultaneously activated, leading to transcription at proapoptotic promoters. We examined this paradoxical control of E2F transcription by studying how E2F1's interaction with pRB is regulated following DNA damage. Our work reveals that DNA damage signals create multiple forms of E2F1 that contain mutually exclusive posttranslational modifications. Specifically, E2F1 phospho-serine 364 is found only in complex with pRB, while E2F1 phosphorylation at serine 31 and acetylation function to create a pRB-free form of E2F1. Both pRB-bound and pRB-free modifications on E2F1 are essential for the activation of TA-p73 and the maximal induction of apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that E2F1 phosphorylated on serine 364 is also present at proapoptotic gene promoters during the induction of apoptosis. This indicates that distinct populations of E2F1 are organized in response to DNA damage signaling. Surprisingly, these complexes act in parallel to activate transcription of proapoptotic genes. Our data suggest that DNA damage signals alter pRB and E2F1 to engage them in functions leading to apoptotic induction that are distinct from pRB-E2F regulation in cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmyne Carnevale
- London Regional Cancer Program
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliva Palander
- London Regional Cancer Program
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurie A. Seifried
- London Regional Cancer Program
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick A. Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program
- Children's Health Research Institute
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Yu Y, Ren QG, Zhang ZH, Zhou K, Yu ZY, Luo X, Wang W. Phospho-Rb mediating cell cycle reentry induces early apoptosis following oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat cortical neurons. Neurochem Res 2011; 37:503-11. [PMID: 22037842 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cell cycle reentry and apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the percentage of neurons with BrdU uptake, TUNEL staining, and colocalized BrdU uptake and TUNEL staining was increased relative to control 6, 12 and 24 h after 1 h of OGD. The number of neurons with colocalized BrdU and TUNEL staining was decreased relative to the number of TUNEL-positive neurons at 24 h. The expression of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (phospho-Rb) was significantly increased 6, 12 and 24 h after OGD, parallel with the changes in BrdU uptake. Phospho-Rb and TUNEL staining were colocalized in neurons 6 and 12 h after OGD. This colocalization was strikingly decreased 24 h after OGD. Treatment with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine (100 μM) decreased the expression of phospho-Rb and reduced neuronal apoptosis in vitro. These results demonstrated that attempted cell cycle reentry with phosphorylation of Rb induce early apoptosis in neurons after OGD and there must be other mechanisms involved in the later stages of neuronal apoptosis besides cell cycle reentry. Phosphoralated Rb may be an important factor which closely associates aberrant cell cycle reentry with the early stages of neuronal apoptosis following ischemia/hypoxia in vitro, and pharmacological interventions for neuroprotection may be useful directed at this keypoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
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48
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The role of E2F-1 and downstream target genes in mediating ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:919-26. [PMID: 21964190 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
E2Fs are a family of transcription factors that regulate proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in many cell types. E2F-1 is the prototypical E2F and the family member that has most often been implicated in also mediating apoptosis. To better understand the role of E2F-1 in mediating cardiomyocyte injury we initially analyzed E2F family member expression after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in vivo or simulated ischemia in vitro. I/R injury in vivo caused a 3.4-fold increase specifically in E2F-1 protein levels. Expression of other E2F family members did not change. To establish the role of E2F-1 in I/R we examined the response of germline deleted E2F-1 mice to I/R injury. Infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk was decreased 39.8% in E2F-1(-/-) mice compared to E2F-1(+/+) controls. Interestingly, expression of classic, E2F-1 apoptotic target genes was not altered in E2F-1 null cardiomyocytes after I/R. However, upregulation of the primary member of the Forkhead family of transcription factors, FoxO-1a, was attenuated. Consistent, with a role for FoxO-1a as an important target of E2F-1 in I/R, a number of proapoptotic FoxO-1a target genes were also altered. These results suggest that E2F-1 and FoxO-1a belong to a complex transcriptional network that may modulate myocardial cell death during I/R injury.
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Taneja P, Zhu S, Maglic D, Fry EA, Kendig RD, Inoue K. Transgenic and knockout mice models to reveal the functions of tumor suppressor genes. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2011; 5:235-57. [PMID: 21836819 PMCID: PMC3153120 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s7516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by multiple genetic alterations leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation through multiple pathways. Malignant cells arise from a variety of genetic factors, such as mutations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are involved in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, or cell differentiation, or maintenance of genomic integrity. Tumor suppressor mouse models are the most frequently used animal models in cancer research. The anti-tumorigenic functions of TSGs, and their role in development and differentiation, and inhibition of oncogenes are discussed. In this review, we summarize some of the important transgenic and knockout mouse models for TSGs, including Rb, p53, Ink4a/Arf, Brca1/2, and their related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Zhu
- The Departments of Pathology
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dejan Maglic
- The Departments of Pathology
- Cancer Biology
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Departments of Pathology
- Cancer Biology
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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50
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Li N, Wei C, Olena AF, Patton JG. Regulation of endoderm formation and left-right asymmetry by miR-92 during early zebrafish development. Development 2011; 138:1817-26. [PMID: 21447552 DOI: 10.1242/dev.056697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of 21-23 nucleotide endogenous non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Typically, miRNAs downregulate target genes by recognizing and recruiting protein complexes to 3'UTRs, followed by translation repression or mRNA degradation. miR-92 is a well-studied oncogene in mammalian systems. Here, using zebrafish as a model system, we uncovered a novel tissue-inductive role for miR-92 during early vertebrate development. Overexpression resulted in reduced endoderm formation during gastrulation with consequent cardia and viscera bifida. By contrast, depletion of miR-92 increased endoderm formation, which led to abnormal Kupffer's vesicle development and left-right patterning defects. Using target prediction algorithms and reporter constructs, we show that gata5 is a target of miR-92. Alteration of gata5 levels reciprocally mirrored the effects of gain and loss of function of miR-92. Moreover, genetic epistasis experiments showed that miR-92-mediated defects could be substantially suppressed by modulating gata5 levels. We propose that miR-92 is a critical regulator of endoderm formation and left-right asymmetry during early zebrafish development and provide the first evidence for a regulatory function for gata5 in the formation of Kupffer's vesicle and left-right patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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