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Greco F, Panunzio A, Tafuri A, Bernetti C, Pagliarulo V, Beomonte Zobel B, Scardapane A, Mallio CA. Radiogenomic Features of GIMAP Family Genes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Observational Study on CT Images. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1832. [PMID: 37895181 PMCID: PMC10606653 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAP) genes include seven functional genes and a pseudogene. Most of the GIMAPs have a role in the maintenance and development of lymphocytes. GIMAPs could inhibit the development of tumors by increasing the amount and antitumor activity of infiltrating immunocytes. Knowledge of key factors that affect the tumor immune microenvironment for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy and establishing new targets in ccRCC is of great importance. A computed tomography (CT)-based radiogenomic approach was used to detect the imaging phenotypic features of GIMAP family gene expression in ccRCC. In this retrospective study we enrolled 193 ccRCC patients divided into two groups: ccRCC patients with GIMAP expression (n = 52) and ccRCC patients without GIMAP expression (n = 141). Several imaging features were evaluated on preoperative CT scan. A statistically significant correlation was found with absence of endophytic growth pattern (p = 0.049), tumor infiltration (p = 0.005), advanced age (p = 0.018), and high Fuhrman grade (p = 0.024). This study demonstrates CT imaging features of GIMAP expression in ccRCC. These results could allow the collection of data on GIMAP expression through a CT-approach and could be used for the development of a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Greco
- Department of Radiology, Cittadella Della Salute, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Lecce, Piazza Filippo Bottazzi, 2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Panunzio
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Alessandro Tafuri
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Caterina Bernetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (B.B.Z.); (C.A.M.)
- Research Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pagliarulo
- Department of Urology, “Vito Fazzi” Hospital, Piazza Filippo Muratore, 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (A.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Bruno Beomonte Zobel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (B.B.Z.); (C.A.M.)
- Research Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Scardapane
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Sezione di Diagnostica Per Immagini, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Carlo Augusto Mallio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy; (C.B.); (B.B.Z.); (C.A.M.)
- Research Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
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Huo X, Shen G, Li J, Wang M, Xie Q, Zhao F, Ren D, Dong Q, Zhao J. Identification of the GTPase IMAP family as an immune-related prognostic biomarker in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment. Gene 2021; 812:146094. [PMID: 34896519 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common malignancy threatening women's health worldwide. The GTPase IMAP family genes are proteins belonging to the immune-associated nucleotide subfamily of the GTP-binding superfamily and nucleotide-binding proteins. However, little is known about the role of different GTPase IMAP family genes in breast cancer. METHODS We obtained differential genes from the GEPIA and UALCAN databases and then used the Kaplan-Meier plotter, The Human Protein Atlas, NetworkAnalyst, STRING, and TIMER to analyze the prognostic value, protein expression, and immune cell infiltration of the GTPase IMAP family in patients with breast cancer. RESULTS Among the GIMAP family genes, the expression levels of GIMAP1, GIMAP5, GIMAP6, GIMAP7, and GIMAP8 were significantly low in breast tumor tissues. In the overall population, patients with high expression of all genes of the GIMAP family had a significantly higher overall survival (OS), with the most significant increase correlated with the GIMAP2 gene (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.59, P = 3.1e-09). However, patients with high expression of the GIMAP family genes in triple-negative breast cancer compared to those with low expression had a significant OS benefit, with the most pronounced benefit correlated with the GIMAP2 gene (HR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.23-0.59, P = 1.4e-05). GIMAP7 and GIMAP8 were significantly upregulated in breast tumor tissues. The expression of genes in different GIMAP families was positively correlated with the infiltration and expression of six immune cell types (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). CONCLUSION This study may provide novel insights into the selection of GIMAP family prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Huo
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Guoshuang Shen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Qiuxia Dong
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, The Second Ward of Oncology, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China.
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Dai P, Tang Z, Ruan P, Bajinka O, Liu D, Tan Y. Gimap5 Inhibits Lung Cancer Growth by Interacting With M6PR. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699847. [PMID: 34604035 PMCID: PMC8479171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Several studies have demonstrated the impacts of GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) on malignant cells. However, the mechanisms through which Gimap5 regulates lung cancer cells are yet to be thoroughly investigated in the literature. Our study aimed to investigate the function of Gimap5 in the development of lung cancer. Methods The expression levels of the GIMAP family were analyzed in lung cancer patients of various cancer databases and lung cancer cell lines. After the survival rates of the cells were analyzed, we constructed Gimap5 over-expressed lung cancer cell lines and assessed the effects of Gimap5 on cell migration, cell invasion, cell proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We later screened the interacting proteins of Gimap5 using Co-IP combined with mass spectrometry and then analyzed the expression and distribution of M6PR, including its impacts on protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (PADI4). Results Findings indicated that GIMAP family expression decreased significantly in lung cancer cell lines. We also noticed that the downregulation of the GIMAP family was related to the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Our experimental results showed that Gimap5 could inhibit the migration, invasion, proliferation and EMT of lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that Gimap5 promoted the transport of M6PR from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane, thereby inhibiting the enhancement of EMT-related PADI4. Conclusion Our research suggested that Gimap5 could inhibit the growth of lung cancer by interacting with M6PR and that it could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinglang Ruan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China-Africa Research Centre of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Limoges MA, Cloutier M, Nandi M, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. The GIMAP Family Proteins: An Incomplete Puzzle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679739. [PMID: 34135906 PMCID: PMC8201404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Long-term survival of T lymphocytes in quiescent state is essential to maintain their cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral circulation. In the BioBreeding diabetes-prone strain of rats (BB-DP), loss of functional GIMAP5 (GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein 5) results in profound peripheral T lymphopenia. This discovery heralded the identification of a new family of proteins initially called Immune-associated nucleotide binding protein (IAN) family. In this review we will use ‘GIMAP’ to refer to this family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that GIMAP proteins may interact with each other and also be involved in the movement of the cellular cargo along the cytoskeletal network. Here we will summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics and functions of GIMAP family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Ho CH, Tsai SF. Functional and biochemical characterization of a T cell-associated anti-apoptotic protein, GIMAP6. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9305-9319. [PMID: 28381553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.768689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) are expressed in lymphocytes and regulate survival/death signaling and cell development within the immune system. We found that human GIMAP6 is expressed primarily in T cell lines. By sorting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and performing quantitative RT-PCR, GIMAP6 was found to be expressed in CD3+ cells. In Jurkat cells that had been knocked down for GIMAP6, treatment with hydrogen peroxide, FasL, or okadaic acid significantly increased cell death/apoptosis. Exogenous expression of GMAP6 protected Huh-7 cells from apoptosis, suggesting that GIMAP6 is an anti-apoptotic protein. Furthermore, knockdown of GIMAP6 not only rendered Jurkat cells sensitive to apoptosis but also accelerated T cell activation under phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin treatment conditions. Using this experimental system, we also observed a down-regulation of p65 phosphorylation (Ser-536) in GIMAP6 knockdown cells, indicating that GIMAP6 might display anti-apoptotic function through NF-κB activation. The conclusion from the study on cultured T cells was corroborated by the analysis of primary CD3+ T cells, showing that specific knockdown of GIMAP6 led to enhancement of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin-mediated activation signals. To characterize the biochemical properties of GIMAP6, we purified the recombinant GIMAP6 to homogeneity and revealed that GIMAP6 had ATPase as well as GTPase activity. We further demonstrated that the hydrolysis activity of GIMAP6 was not essential for its anti-apoptotic function in Huh-7 cells. Combining the expression data, biochemical properties, and cellular features, we conclude that GIMAP6 plays a role in modulating immune function and that it does this by controlling cell death and the activation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huang Ho
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan and
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- From the Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan and .,the Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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6
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Serrano D, Ghobadi F, Boulay G, Ilangumaran S, Lavoie C, Ramanathan S. GTPase of the Immune-Associated Nucleotide Protein 5 Regulates the Lysosomal Calcium Compartment in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:94. [PMID: 28223986 PMCID: PMC5293772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes from Gimap5lyp/lyp rats carrying a recessive mutation in the GTPase of immune-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) gene undergo spontaneous apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying this survival defect are not yet clear. We have shown that Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes display reduced calcium influx following T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation that was associated with impaired buffering of calcium by mitochondria. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization of GIMAP5 and its influence on Ca2+ response in HEK293T cells and T lymphocytes. The more abundantly expressed GIMAP5v2 localizes to the lysosome and certain endosomal vesicles. Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes showed increased accumulation of calcium in the lysosomes as evidenced by Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide (GPN) triggered Ca2+ release. As a corollary, GPN-induced Ca2+ flux was decreased in HEK293T cells expressing GIMAP5v2. Strikingly, TCR stimulation of rat, mouse, and human T lymphocytes increased lysosomal calcium content. Overall, our findings show that lysosomes modulate cellular Ca2+ response during T cell activation and that GIMAP5 regulates the lysosomal Ca2+ compartment in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Guylain Boulay
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Datta P, Webb LMC, Avdo I, Pascall J, Butcher GW. Survival of mature T cells in the periphery is intrinsically dependent on GIMAP1 in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:84-93. [PMID: 27792288 PMCID: PMC5244661 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune system depends upon the survival of mature T cells in the periphery. Members of the GIMAP family of GTPases have been proposed to regulate this homeostasis, supported by the paucity of peripheral T cells in rodents deficient for either GIMAP1 or GIMAP5. It is unclear whether this lack of T cells is a consequence of an ontological defect, causing the thymus to generate and export T cells incapable of surviving in the periphery, or whether (alternatively or additionally) mature T cells intrinsically require GIMAP1 for survival. Using the ERT2 Cre+ transgene, we conditionally deleted Gimap1 in C57BL/6 mice and demonstrate that GIMAP1 is intrinsically required for the survival of mature T cells in the periphery. We show that, in contrast to GIMAP5, this requirement is independent of the T-cells' activation status. We investigated the nature of the survival defect in GIMAP1-deficient CD4+ T cells and show that the death occurring after GIMAP1 ablation is accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization and activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study shows that GIMAP1 is critical for maintaining the peripheral T-cell pool in mice and offers a potent target for the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Datta
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M C Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inxhina Avdo
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Pascall
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Huang Z, Zhang W, Gao C, Ji B, Chi X, Zheng W, Wang HL. Dysregulation of GTPase IMAP family members in hepatocellular cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4119-4123. [PMID: 27667392 PMCID: PMC5101897 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most life‑threatening diseases in the world. Members of the GTPase of the immunity‑associated protein (GIMAP) family are important in regulating apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the basic mechanism of GIMAP in HCC remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was performed to investigate the dysregulation of GIMAP family members in HCC. The techniques of polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to analyze the expression of GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 in HCC tissues, in matched noncancerous tissue samples, and in blood samples obtained from patients with HCC and healthy subjects. It was found that the mRNA expression levels of GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 were significantly downregulated in the HCC tumor samples, compared with the levels of expression in the matched non‑tumor tissue samples. Similarly, the mRNA expression levels of GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 were also significantly downregulated in the blood samples from patients with HCC, compared with the expression levels in the blood from healthy subjects. At the protein level, it was found that the GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 proteins were expressed at lower levels in the tumor tissue samples, compared with the matched normal tissue samples, and their expression levels were also lower in the blood samples from patients with HCC, compared with the blood samples from the healthy subjects. These data, demonstrating the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 in the tumor tissues and blood of patients with HCC, suggested the involvement of GIMAP5 and GIMAP6 in the pathogenesis of HCC, and indicate their possible use as diagnostic markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Second Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Chunhai Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Baoju Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwen Chi
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Emergency Teaching and Research, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - Hai Lan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology Teaching and Research, Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
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Webb LMC, Datta P, Bell SE, Kitamura D, Turner M, Butcher GW. GIMAP1 Is Essential for the Survival of Naive and Activated B Cells In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:207-16. [PMID: 26621859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune system depends upon regulation of lymphocyte function and homeostasis. In recent years, members of the GTPases of the immunity associated protein (GIMAP) family were proposed to regulate T cell homeostasis. In contrast, little is known about their function and mode of action in B cells. We used a combination of transgenic mice and in vivo and in vitro techniques to conditionally and electively ablate GIMAP1 in resting and activated peripheral B cells. Our data suggest that GIMAP1 is absolutely essential for the survival of peripheral B cells, irrespective of their activation state. Together with recent data showing increased expression of GIMAP1 in B cell lymphomas, our work points to the possible potential of GIMAP1 as a target for manipulation in a variety of B cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M C Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Preeta Datta
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geoffrey W Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
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10
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Webb LMC, Pascall JC, Hepburn L, Carter C, Turner M, Butcher GW. Generation and characterisation of mice deficient in the multi-GTPase domain containing protein, GIMAP8. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110294. [PMID: 25329815 PMCID: PMC4201521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GTPases of the immunity-associated protein family (GIMAPs) are predominantly expressed in mature lymphocytes. Studies of rodents deficient in GIMAP1, GIMAP4, or GIMAP5 have demonstrated that these GTPases regulate lymphocyte survival. In contrast to the other family members, GIMAP8 contains three potential GTP-binding domains (G-domains), a highly unusual feature suggesting a novel function for this protein. To examine a role for GIMAP8 in lymphocyte biology we examined GIMAP8 expression during lymphocyte development. We also generated a mouse deficient in GIMAP8 and examined lymphocyte development and function. Principal Findings We show that GIMAP8 is expressed in the very early and late stages of T cell development in the thymus, at late stages during B cell development, and peripheral T and B cells. We find no defects in T or B lymphocyte development in the absence of GIMAP8. A marginal decrease in the number of recirculating bone marrow B cells suggests that GIMAP8 is important for the survival of mature B cells within the bone marrow niche. We also show that deletion of GIMAP8 results in a delay in apoptotic death of mature T cell in vitro in response to dexamethasone or γ-irradiation. However, despite these findings we find that GIMAP8-deficient mice mount normal primary and secondary responses to a T cell dependent antigen. Conclusions Despite its unique structure, GIMAP8 is not required for lymphocyte development but appears to have a minor role in maintaining recirculating B cells in the bone marrow niche and a role in regulating apoptosis of mature T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. C. Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. Pascall
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hepburn
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Carter
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W. Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tubulin- and actin-associating GIMAP4 is required for IFN-γ secretion during Th cell differentiation. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:158-66. [PMID: 25287446 PMCID: PMC4355353 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although GTPase of the immunity-associated protein (GIMAP) family are known to be most highly expressed in the cells of the immune system, their function and role remain still poorly characterized. Small GTPases in general are known to be involved in many cellular processes in a cell type-specific manner and to contribute to specific differentiation processes. Among GIMAP family, GIMAP4 is the only member reported to have true GTPase activity, and its transcription is found to be differentially regulated during early human CD4(+) T helper (Th) lymphocyte differentiation. GIMAP4 has been previously connected mainly with T- and B-cell development and survival and T-cell apoptosis. Here we show GIMAP4 to be localized into cytoskeletal elements and with the component of the trans golgi network, which suggests it to have a function in cellular transport processes. We demonstrate that depletion of GIMAP4 with RNAi results in downregulation of endoplasmic reticulum localizing chaperone VMA21. Most importantly, we discovered that GIMAP4 regulates secretion of cytokines in early differentiating human CD4(+) Th lymphocytes and in particular the secretion of interferon-γ also affecting its downstream targets.
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12
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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GTPase of the immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein 5 (GIMAP5) regulates calcium influx in T-lymphocytes by promoting mitochondrial calcium accumulation. Biochem J 2012; 449:353-64. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mature T-lymphocytes undergo spontaneous apoptosis in the biobreeding diabetes-prone strain of rats due to the loss of the functional GIMAP5 (GTPase of the immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein 5) protein. The mechanisms underlying the pro-survival function of GIMAP5 in T-cells have not yet been elucidated. We have previously shown that GIMAP5 deficiency in T-cells impairs Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane channels following exposure to thapsigargin or stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor. In the present study we report that this reduced Ca2+ influx in GIMAP5-deficient T-cells is associated with the inability of their mitochondria to sequester Ca2+ following capacitative entry, which is required for sustained Ca2+ influx via the plasma membrane channels. Consistent with a role for GIMAP5 in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+, overexpression of GIMAP5 in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells resulted in increased Ca2+ accumulation within the mitochondria. Disruption of microtubules, but not the actin cytoskeleton, abrogated mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration in primary rat T-cells, whereas both microtubules and actin cytoskeleton were needed for the GIMAP5-mediated increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, GIMAP5 showed partial colocalization with tubulin in HEK-293 cells. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the pro-survival function of GIMAP5 in T-lymphocytes may be linked to its requirement to facilitate microtubule-dependent mitochondrial buffering of Ca2+ following capacitative entry.
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Chen Y, Yu M, Dai X, Zogg M, Wen R, Weiler H, Wang D. Critical role for Gimap5 in the survival of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:923-35. [PMID: 21502331 PMCID: PMC3092340 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HSCs lacking the guanosine nucleotide-binding protein Gimap5, which stabilizes expression of the Mcl-1 Bcl2 family protein, exhibit impaired survival and long-term repopulation capacity. Mice and rats lacking the guanosine nucleotide-binding protein Gimap5 exhibit peripheral T cell lymphopenia, and Gimap5 can bind to Bcl-2. We show that Gimap5-deficient mice showed progressive multilineage failure of bone marrow and hematopoiesis. Compared with wild-type counterparts, Gimap5-deficient mice contained more hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but fewer lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. The reduction of progenitors and differentiated cells in Gimap5-deficient mice resulted in a loss of HSC quiescence. Gimap5-deficient HSCs and progenitors underwent more apoptosis and exhibited defective long-term repopulation capacity. Absence of Gimap5 disrupted interaction between Mcl-1—which is essential for HSC survival—and HSC70, enhanced Mcl-1 degradation, and compromised mitochondrial integrity in progenitor cells. Thus, Gimap5 is an important stabilizer of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Structural basis of oligomerization in septin-like GTPase of immunity-associated protein 2 (GIMAP2). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:20299-304. [PMID: 21059949 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010322107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) are a distinctive family of GTPases, which control apoptosis in lymphocytes and play a central role in lymphocyte maturation and lymphocyte-associated diseases. To explore their function and mechanism, we determined crystal structures of a representative member, GIMAP2, in different nucleotide-loading and oligomerization states. Nucleotide-free and GDP-bound GIMAP2 were monomeric and revealed a guanine nucleotide-binding domain of the TRAFAC (translation factor associated) class with a unique amphipathic helix α7 packing against switch II. In the absence of α7 and the presence of GTP, GIMAP2 oligomerized via two distinct interfaces in the crystal. GTP-induced stabilization of switch I mediates dimerization across the nucleotide-binding site, which also involves the GIMAP specificity motif and the nucleotide base. Structural rearrangements in switch II appear to induce the release of α7 allowing oligomerization to proceed via a second interface. The unique architecture of the linear oligomer was confirmed by mutagenesis. Furthermore, we showed a function for the GIMAP2 oligomer at the surface of lipid droplets. Although earlier studies indicated that GIMAPs are related to the septins, the current structure also revealed a strikingly similar nucleotide coordination and dimerization mode as in the dynamin GTPase. Based on this, we reexamined the relationships of the septin- and dynamin-like GTPases and demonstrate that these are likely to have emerged from a common membrane-associated dimerizing ancestor. This ancestral property appears to be critical for the role of GIMAPs as nucleotide-regulated scaffolds on intracellular membranes.
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GIMAP Proteins in T-Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2010; 2010:268589. [PMID: 21637352 PMCID: PMC3100574 DOI: 10.1155/2010/268589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(GIMAPs) GTPase of the immunity associated protein family are a novel protein family of putative small GTPases. GIMAPs are mainly expressed in the cells of the immune system and have been associated with immunological functions, such as thymocyte development, apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes and T helper cell differentiation. GIMAPs have also been linked to immunological diseases, such as T cell lymphopenia, leukemia and autoimmune diseases. In this review we examine the role of GIMAP proteins in T-lymphocyte biology.
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Wong VW, Saunders AE, Hutchings A, Pascall JC, Carter C, Bright NA, Walker SA, Ktistakis NT, Butcher GW. The autoimmunity-related GIMAP5 GTPase is a lysosome-associated protein. SELF NONSELF 2010; 1:259-268. [PMID: 21487483 DOI: 10.4161/self.1.3.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A mutation in the rat GIMAP5 gene predisposes for autoimmunity, most famously in the BB rat model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus. This mutation is associated with severe peripheral T lymphopenia, as is mutation of the same gene in mice, but the mechanism by which GIMAP5 normally protects T cells from death is unknown. GIMAP5 is a putative small GTPase, a class of proteins which often fulfil their functions in the vicinity of cellular membranes. The objective of this study was to determine the normal intracellular location of GIMAP5 in lymphoid cells. Combining studies in rat, mouse and human systems, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to examine the localization of GIMAP5 and the closely-related protein, GIMAP1, in lymphoid cells by means of confocal microscopy and sub-cellular fractionation combined with immunoblotting. Additionally, human Jurkat T cells that inducibly express epitope-tagged GIMAP5 were established and used in electron microscopy (EM). Endogenous GIMAP5 was found to be located in a membraneous compartment/s which was also detected by established markers of lysosomes. GIMAP1, by contrast, was found to be located in the Golgi apparatus. EM studies of the inducible Jurkat T cells also found GIMAP5 in lysosomes and, in addition, in multivesicular bodies. This study establishes that the endogenous location of GIMAP5 is in lysosomes and related compartments and provides a clearer context for hypotheses about its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wy Wong
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Ricco R, Kanduc D. Hepatitis B virus and Homo sapiens proteome-wide analysis: A profusion of viral peptide overlaps in neuron-specific human proteins. Biologics 2010; 4:75-81. [PMID: 20531967 PMCID: PMC2880343 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s8890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary amino acid sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteome was searched for identity spots in the human proteome by using the Protein Information Resource database. We find that the HBV polyprotein shares sixty-five heptapeptides, one octapeptide, and one nonapeptide with the human proteins. The viral matches are disseminated among fundamental human proteins such as adhesion molecules, leukocyte differentiation antigens, enzymes, proteins associated with spermatogenesis, and transcription factors. As a datum of special interest, a number of peptide motifs are shared between the virus- and brain-specific antigens involved in neuronal protection. This study may help to evaluate the potential cross reactions and side effects of HBV antigen-based vaccines.
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Sequence variation and expression of the Gimap gene family in the BB rat. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2009; 2009:835650. [PMID: 19421422 PMCID: PMC2676327 DOI: 10.1155/2009/835650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Positional cloning of lymphopenia (lyp) in the BB rat revealed a frameshift mutation in Gimap5, a member of at least seven related GTPase Immune Associated Protein genes located on rat chromosome 4q24. Our aim was to clone and sequence the cDNA of the BB diabetes prone (DP) and diabetes resistant (DR) alleles of all seven Gimap genes in the congenic DR.lyp rat line with 2 Mb of BB DP DNA introgressed onto the DR genetic background. All (100%) DR.lyp/lyp rats are lymphopenic and develop type 1 diabetes (T1D) by 84 days of age while DR.+/+ rats remain T1D and lyp resistant. Among the seven Gimap genes, the Gimap5 frameshift mutation, a mutant allele that produces no protein, had the greatest impact on lymphopenia in the DR.lyp/lyp rat. Gimap4 and Gimap1 each had one amino acid substitution of unlikely significance for lymphopenia. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a reduction in expression of all seven Gimap genes in DR.lyp/lyp spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes when compared to DR.+/+. Only four; Gimap1, Gimap4, Gimap5, and Gimap9 were reduced in thymus. Our data substantiates the Gimap5 frameshift mutation as the primary defect with only limited contributions to lymphopenia from the remaining Gimap genes.
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Wang Z, Li X. IAN/GIMAPs are conserved and novel regulators in vertebrates and angiosperm plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:165-7. [PMID: 19721741 PMCID: PMC2652520 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.3.7722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The IAN (immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein) family belongs to a family of AIG1-like GTPases. These functionally uncharacterized GTP-binding proteins have unique structures and are differentially expressed in both vertebrate immune cells and plant cells during antibacterial responses. In mammals, the IANs, as a novel family of T cell receptor-responsive proteins, play critical roles in regulation of thymic development and survival of T lymphocytes through the interaction with Bcl-2 family proteins. The Arabidopsis AIG1 and AIG2, which are first identified IAN proteins, are involved in plant resistance to bacteria. Recent analysis of the expression patterns of Arabidopsis IANs suggests that these IAN proteins may play regulatory roles during plant development and response to both biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell & Chromosome Engineering, Center of Agricultural Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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21
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Shiao YM, Chang YH, Liu YM, Li JC, Su JS, Liu KJ, Liu YF, Lin MW, Tsai SF. Dysregulation of GIMAP genes in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2008; 62:287-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Filén JJ, Filén S, Moulder R, Tuomela S, Ahlfors H, West A, Kouvonen P, Kantola S, Björkman M, Katajamaa M, Rasool O, Nyman TA, Lahesmaa R. Quantitative proteomics reveals GIMAP family proteins 1 and 4 to be differentially regulated during human T helper cell differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:32-44. [PMID: 18701445 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800139-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells differentiate into functionally distinct effector cell subsets of which Th1 and Th2 cells are best characterized. Besides T cell receptor signaling, IL-12-induced STAT4 and T-bet- and IL-4-induced STAT6 and GATA3 signaling pathways are the major players regulating the Th1 and Th2 differentiation process, respectively. However, there are likely to be other yet unknown factors or pathways involved. In this study we used quantitative proteomics exploiting cleavable ICAT labeling and LC-MS/MS to identify IL-4-regulated proteins from the microsomal fractions of CD4(+) cells extracted from umbilical cord blood. We were able to identify 557 proteins of which 304 were also quantified. This study resulted in the identification of the down-regulation of small GTPases GIMAP1 and GIMAP4 by IL-4 during Th2 differentiation. We also showed that both GIMAP1 and GIMAP4 genes are up-regulated by IL-12 and other Th1 differentiation-inducing cytokines in cells induced to differentiate toward Th1 lineage and down-regulated by IL-4 in cells induced to Th2. Our results indicate that the GIMAP (GTPase of the immunity-associated protein) family of proteins is differentially regulated during Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Jonas Filén
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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Liu C, Wang T, Zhang W, Li X. Computational identification and analysis of immune-associated nucleotide gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:777-87. [PMID: 17723251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
GTP-binding proteins represent a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in controlling growth and development in eukaryotes under normal and stress conditions. The IAN/GIMAP proteins belong to a novel family of functionally uncharacterized GTP-binding proteins expressed in both plant and vertebrate cells during anti-pathogenic responses. To gain novel insights into their roles in plants, we did genome-wide analysis of the IAN/GIMAP gene family. We identified 13 Arabidopsis IAN/GIMAP genes, which share similar gene structures and mostly reside in a tandem cluster on chromosomes. Sequence comparison reveals that these genes encode 26-52 kDa proteins with one GTP-binding domain and a conserved box unique to the family. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the IAN/GIMAP genes of angiosperms and vertebrates may have evolved by independent gene duplication events. GENEVESTIGATOR sources were mined for comprehensive and comparative Arabidopsis IAN/GIMAP gene family expression analysis. These data reveal that IAN/GIMAPs exhibit diverse expression patterns during development and in response to external stimuli, indicating that these paralogous genes are likely involved in complex biological processes in Arabidopsis. Our present findings provide a basis for elucidating the novel GTPase family protein-mediated regulatory mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, PR China
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Keita M, Leblanc C, Andrews D, Ramanathan S. GIMAP5 regulates mitochondrial integrity from a distinct subcellular compartment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:481-6. [PMID: 17655828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous apoptosis of T lymphocytes results in marked lymphopenia in the Biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat leading to the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The lymphopenia phenotype in these rats is linked to the lyp locus. The lyp allele harbors a frameshift mutation within the gene encoding 'GTPase of immunity-associated nucleotide binding protein 5' (GIMAP5). Mechanisms underlying the pro-survival function of GIMAP5 in T lymphocytes are unclear. Overexpression studies have shown that GIMAP5 localizes within mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We have used an antiserum raised against GIMAP5 to define its localization in rat primary T lymphocytes. We present evidence that endogenous GIMAP5 is associated with a sedimentable subcellular fraction that is distinct from mitochondria and the ER. These data are further supported by confocal microscopy using a GIMAP5 construct with an intact C-terminal membrane anchor. Nonetheless, T cells isolated from GIMAP5(lyp/lyp) rats display rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings suggest that GIMAP5 regulates T lymphocyte survival by mechanisms that operate upstream of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Keita
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, FMSS, University of Sherbrooke, 3001-12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Que., Canada J1H5N4
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Mansour A, Chang VT, Srinivas S, Harrison J, Raveche E. Correlation of ZAP-70 expression in B cell leukemias to the ex vivo response to a combination of fludarabine/genistein. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:501-14. [PMID: 17051411 PMCID: PMC11030053 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of ZAP-70 expression on the ex vivo response of blood cells from CLL and PLL patients to a combination of fludarabine, a purine analog, and genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor was studied. Patient cells were studied for the expression of ZAP-70 mRNA and its relation to the induction of apoptosis in response to treatment with genistein 15-60 muM and/or fludarabine 3 muM. The combination of genistein and fludarabine resulted in a significantly increased induction of apoptosis relative to the fludarabine alone. The ex vivo patient cells with a high ZAP-70 expression underwent more apoptosis in response to genistein than did patient cells with a low ZAP-70 mRNA expression. In contrast, basal IL-10 mRNA expression correlated negatively with apoptosis induction in response to genistein (P < 0.01). These studies suggest that, in malignant B cells that express elevated levels of the ZAP-70 signaling molecule, genistein may inhibit the ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in cell death. The ZAP-70 may serve as a target for therapy. In addition, these studies suggest that the IL-10 expression by malignant B cells may not only suppress anti-tumor T cell responses in vivo, but also promote the survival of malignant B cells despite treatment with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mansour
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Victor T. Chang
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Shanti Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ USA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Jonathan Harrison
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Elizabeth Raveche
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School,, UMDNJ, MSB C512, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
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26
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Hellquist A, Zucchelli M, Kivinen K, Saarialho-Kere U, Koskenmies S, Widen E, Julkunen H, Wong A, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Skoog T, Vendelin J, Cunninghame-Graham DS, Vyse TJ, Kere J, Lindgren CM. The human GIMAP5 gene has a common polyadenylation polymorphism increasing risk to systemic lupus erythematosus. J Med Genet 2007; 44:314-21. [PMID: 17220214 PMCID: PMC2597989 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.046185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several members of the GIMAP gene family have been suggested as being involved in different aspects of the immune system in different species. Recently, a mutation in the GIMAP5 gene was shown to cause lymphopenia in a rat model of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes. Thus it was hypothesised that genetic variation in GIMAP5 may be involved in susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders where lymphopenia is a key feature, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MATERIAL AND METHODS To investigate this, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in GIMAP5 were analysed in five independent sets of family-based SLE collections, containing more than 2000 samples. RESULT A significant increase in SLE risk associated with the most common GIMAP5 haplotype was found (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54, p = 0.0033). In families with probands diagnosed with trombocytopenia, the risk was increased (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.09, p = 0.0153). The risk haplotype bears a polymorphic polyadenylation signal which alters the 3' part of GIMAP5 mRNA by producing an inefficient polyadenylation signal. This results in higher proportion of non-terminated mRNA for homozygous individuals (p<0.005), a mechanism shown to be causal in thalassaemias. To further assess the functional effect of the polymorphic polyadenylation signal in the risk haplotype, monocytes were treated with several cytokines affecting apoptosis. All the apoptotic cytokines induced GIMAP5 expression in two monocyte cell lines (1.5-6 times, p<0.0001 for all tests). CONCLUSION Taken together, the data suggest the role of GIMAP5 in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hellquist
- Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Nitta T, Takahama Y. The lymphocyte guard-IANs: regulation of lymphocyte survival by IAN/GIMAP family proteins. Trends Immunol 2006; 28:58-65. [PMID: 17196432 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The life-or-death decision of immune cells makes an essential contribution to immune-system development and the regulation of immune responses. A new family of cell-survival regulators expressed in lymphocytes, termed immune-associated nucleotide-binding proteins (IANs) [also known as GTPase of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs)], has been described. The IAN/GIMAP family consists of GTP-binding proteins that share a unique primary structure and whose expression is finely regulated by T-cell receptor signals. Recent studies have shown that IAN/GIMAP family proteins crucially regulate the survival of T cells during development, selection and homeostasis, and are possibly linked to the onset of T-lymphopenia, leukemia and autoimmunity. IAN/GIMAP family proteins might also take part in mitochondrial regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis by interacting with Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nitta
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Gimap4, a member of the newly identified GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family (Gimap), is strongly induced by the pre-T-cell receptor in precursor T lymphocytes, transiently shut off in double-positive thymocytes, and reappears after TCR-mediated positive selection. Here, we show that Gimap4 remains expressed constitutively in the cytosol of mature T cells. A C-terminal IQ domain binds calmodulin in the absence of calcium, and conserved PKC phosphorylation motifs are targets of concanavalin A (ConA)- or PMA/ionomycin-induced PKC activation. To address the role of Gimap4 in T-cell physiology, we completed the genomic organization of the gimap4 locus and generated a Gimap4-null mutant mouse. Studies in these mice revealed no critical role of Gimap4 in T-cell development but in the regulation of apoptosis. We have found that Gimap4 accelerates the execution of programmed cell death induced by intrinsic stimuli downstream of caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Apoptosis directly correlates with the phosphorylation status of Gimap4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Schnell
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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Nitta T, Nasreen M, Seike T, Goji A, Ohigashi I, Miyazaki T, Ohta T, Kanno M, Takahama Y. IAN family critically regulates survival and development of T lymphocytes. PLoS Biol 2006; 4:e103. [PMID: 16509771 PMCID: PMC1393758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IAN (immune-associated nucleotide-binding protein) family is a family of functionally uncharacterized GTP-binding proteins expressed in vertebrate immune cells and in plant cells during antibacterial responses. Here we show that all eight IAN family genes encoded in a single cluster of mouse genome are predominantly expressed in lymphocytes, and that the expression of IAN1, IAN4, and IAN5 is significantly elevated upon thymic selection of T lymphocytes. Gain-of-function experiments show that the premature overexpression of IAN1 kills immature thymocytes, whereas short hairpin RNA-mediated loss-of-function studies show that IAN4 supports positive selection. The knockdown of IAN5 perturbs the optimal generation of CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes and reduces the survival of mature T lymphocytes. We also show evidence suggesting that IAN4 and IAN5 are associated with anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, whereas IAN1 is associated with pro-apoptotic Bax. Thus, the IAN family is a novel family of T cell-receptor-responsive proteins that critically regulate thymic development and survival of T lymphocytes and that potentially exert regulatory functions through the association with Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nitta
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mariam Nasreen
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seike
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goji
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Izumi Ohigashi
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Miyazaki
- 2Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ohta
- 3Medical Genomics Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamoto Kanno
- 4Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- 1Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Krücken J, Epe M, Benten WPM, Falkenroth N, Wunderlich F. Malaria-suppressible expression of the anti-apoptotic triple GTPase mGIMAP8. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96:339-48. [PMID: 16088918 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The IMAP/IAN family of AIG1-like GTPases is conserved among vertebrates and angiosperm plants and has been postulated to regulate apoptosis, particularly in context with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and infections. The human genes were recently renamed as gimap for GTPase of the immunity associated protein (GIMAP) family. Here we extend this new nomenclature to the murine gimap gene family. All gimap genes of the mouse are clustered on chromosome 6B with eight functional members and one pseudogene. The mGIMAP proteins contain one GTP-binding site and display molecular masses between 33 and 38 kDa except for the very unusual 77 kDa mGIMAP8 protein, which is the first characterized protein containing three GTP-binding domains. Northern blot analysis revealed expression of mgimap8 predominantly in the thymus. The low expression level observed in the spleen was further suppressed by Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated localization of mGIMAP8 at ER, Golgi, and mitochondria. Overexpression of mGIMAP8 could significantly impair anisomycin-induced activation of caspase 3. Our data support the view that mGIMAP8 exerts an anti-apoptotic effect in the immune system and is involved in responses to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Krücken
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Centre of Biological and Medical Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dion C, Carter C, Hepburn L, Coadwell WJ, Morgan G, Graham M, Pugh N, Anderson G, Butcher GW, Miller JR. Expression of the Ian family of putative GTPases during T cell development and description of an Ian with three sets of GTP/GDP-binding motifs. Int Immunol 2005; 17:1257-68. [PMID: 16103028 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports suggest that two members of the novel immune-associated nucleotide (Ian) GTPase family, Ian1 and Ian5, play roles in T cell development. We performed real-time PCR analysis of the expression of Ian genes of the rat during T cell maturation, in macrophages and in cell lines. We found that all of the genes were expressed at relatively low levels at the early double-negative thymocyte stage but were expressed more strongly at later cell stages. Our study also revealed the fact that the previously reported Ian9, Ian10 and Ian11 genes are, instead, parts of a single gene for which we retain the name Ian9, potentially encoding a GTPase with a highly unusual triplicated structure. Antisera were developed against both Ian1 and Ian9. We established that Ian9 is produced as an approximately 75-kDa protein in both T cells and thymocytes. We observed that levels of both Ian1 and Ian9 proteins are profoundly reduced in T cells from lymphopenic rats as compared with wild-type rats. It was demonstrated that thymocytes and B cells from lymphopenic rats (Ian5 null) did not show enhanced sensitivity to gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis.
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Poussier P, Ning T, Murphy T, Dabrowski D, Ramanathan S. Impaired Post-Thymic Development of Regulatory CD4+25+ T Cells Contributes to Diabetes Pathogenesis in BB Rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:4081-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Krücken J, Schroetel RMU, Müller IU, Saïdani N, Marinovski P, Benten WPM, Stamm O, Wunderlich F. Comparative analysis of the human gimap gene cluster encoding a novel GTPase family. Gene 2005; 341:291-304. [PMID: 15474311 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2003] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing family of novel GTPases conserved among higher plants and vertebrates, abbreviated as AIG1, IAP, IMAP, and IAN, respectively. Here, we comparatively analyze the human gene family encoding GTPases of the immunity-associated protein family recently re-termed GIMAP. Chromosome 7q36.1 contains, within 300 kb, a gimap gene cluster with seven functional genes and one pseudogene (hgimap3). The six genes hgimap1, hgimap2, hgimap4, hgimap5, hgimap6, and hgimap7 encode 33-46 kDa proteins with one GTP-binding domain, whereas hgimap8 encodes a very unusual 75-kDa protein with three GTP-binding domains. All hgimap genes except hgimap2 have orthologs in the mouse. Major expression sites of hgimap mRNAs are the spleen and lymph nodes, but also other organs such as muscle, heart, placenta, and digestive tract display detectable hgimap mRNA levels. The proteins hGIMAP4 and hGIMAP7 can be localized at ER and Golgi apparatus, but not in mitochondria, lysosomes and nuclei. All hgimap genes were expressed at very low levels-if at all-in diverse cancer cell lines. Our data support the view that the GIMAP proteins are involved in the control of cell survival not only in cells of the immune system as commonly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Krücken
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Centre for Biological-Medical Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Michalkiewicz M, Michalkiewicz T, Ettinger RA, Rutledge EA, Fuller JM, Moralejo DH, Van Yserloo B, MacMurray AJ, Kwitek AE, Jacob HJ, Lander ES, Lernmark A. Transgenic rescue demonstrates involvement of the Ian5 gene in T cell development in the rat. Physiol Genomics 2004; 19:228-32. [PMID: 15328390 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A single point mutation in a novel immune-associated nucleotide gene 5 ( Ian5) coincides with severe T cell lymphopenia in BB rats. We used a transgenic rescue approach in lymphopenic BB-derived congenic F344. lyp/ lyp rats to determine whether this mutation is responsible for lymphopenia and to establish the functional importance of this novel gene. A 150-kb P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) transgene harboring a wild-type allele of the rat Ian5 gene restored Ian5 transcript and protein levels, completely rescuing the T cell lymphopenia in the F344. lyp/ lyp rats. This successful complementation provides direct functional evidence that the Ian5 gene product is essential for maintaining normal T cell levels. It also demonstrates that transgenic rescue in the rat is a practical and definitive method for revealing the function of a novel gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczyslaw Michalkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Human Molecular and Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-0509, USA.
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