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Torabi F, Vadakekolathu J, Wyatt R, Leete P, Tombs MA, Richardson CC, Boocock DJ, Turner MD, Morgan NG, Richardson SJ, Christie MR. Differential expression of genes controlling lymphocyte differentiation and migration in two distinct endotypes of type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15155. [PMID: 37246834 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Morphological studies of pancreas samples obtained from young people with recent-onset type 1 diabetes have revealed distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration of the pancreatic islets suggestive of two age-associated type 1 diabetes endotypes that differ by inflammatory responses and rates of disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate whether these proposed disease endotypes are associated with pathological differences in immune cell activation and cytokine secretion by applying multiplexed gene expression analysis to pancreatic tissue from recent-onset type 1 diabetes cases. METHODS RNA was extracted from samples of fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreas tissue from type 1 diabetes cases characterised by endotype and from controls without diabetes. Expression levels of 750 genes associated with autoimmune inflammation were determined by hybridisation to a panel of capture and reporter probes and these were counted as a measure of gene expression. Normalised counts were analysed for differences in expression between 29 type 1 diabetes cases and 7 controls without diabetes, and between the two type 1 diabetes endotypes. RESULTS Ten inflammation-associated genes, including INS, were significantly under-expressed in both endotypes and 48 genes were more highly expressed. A different set of 13 genes associated with the development, activation and migration of lymphocytes was uniquely overexpressed in the pancreas of people developing diabetes at younger age. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that histologically defined type 1 diabetes endotypes differ in their immunopathology and identify inflammatory pathways specifically involved in disease developing at a young age, essential for a better understanding of disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Torabi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Wyatt
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pia Leete
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Popek-Marciniec S, Styk W, Wojcierowska-Litwin M, Szudy-Szczyrek A, Dudek P, Swiderska-Kolacz G, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Zmorzynski S. The Relationship of CCL5 and CCR1 Variants with Response Rate and Survival Taking into Account Thalidomide/Bortezomib Treatment in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062384. [PMID: 36983384 PMCID: PMC10056693 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chemokines and chemokine receptors play an important role in tumor development. The aim of this study was to check the significance of CCL5 and CCR1 variants with response rate, survival, and the level of regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients; (2) Methods: Genomic DNA from 101 newly diagnosed MM patients and 100 healthy blood donors were analyzed by Real-time PCR method (for CCL5 and CCR1 genotyping). In a subgroup of 70 MM patients, serum samples were collected to determine the level of RANTES; (3) Results: multivariate Cox regression showed increased risk of disease relapse or progression (HR = 4.77; p = 0.01) in MM patients with CG + CC genotypes of CCL5 rs2280788. In contrast, CT + TT genotypes of CCL5 rs2107538 were associated withdecreased risk of death (HR = 0.18; p = 0.028) and disease relapse or progression (HR = 0.26; p = 0.01). In MM patients with major genotypes of rs2280789, rs2280788, and rs2107538, higher survival rates were observed in response to treatment with thalidomide and bortezomib. Statistically significant lower RANTES levels were seen in minor genotypes and heterozygotes of CCL5 and CCR1 variants; (4) Conclusions: Major genotypes of CCL5 variants may be independent positive prognostic factors in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Popek-Marciniec
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Styk
- Department of Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paul Dudek
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Szymon Zmorzynski
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Timasheva Y, Balkhiyarova Z, Avzaletdinova D, Rassoleeva I, Morugova TV, Korytina G, Prokopenko I, Kochetova O. Integrating Common Risk Factors with Polygenic Scores Improves the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020984. [PMID: 36674502 PMCID: PMC9866792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested associations between 13 established genetic variants and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 1371 study participants from the Volga-Ural region of the Eurasian continent, and evaluated the predictive ability of the model containing polygenic scores for the variants associated with T2D in our dataset, alone and in combination with other risk factors such as age and sex. Using logistic regression analysis, we found associations with T2D for the CCL20 rs6749704 (OR = 1.68, PFDR = 3.40 × 10-5), CCR5 rs333 (OR = 1.99, PFDR = 0.033), ADIPOQ rs17366743 (OR = 3.17, PFDR = 2.64 × 10-4), TCF7L2 rs114758349 (OR = 1.77, PFDR = 9.37 × 10-5), and CCL2 rs1024611 (OR = 1.38, PFDR = 0.033) polymorphisms. We showed that the most informative prognostic model included weighted polygenic scores for these five loci, and non-genetic factors such as age and sex (AUC 85.8%, 95%CI 83.7-87.8%). Compared to the model containing only non-genetic parameters, adding the polygenic score for the five T2D-associated loci showed improved net reclassification (NRI = 37.62%, 1.39 × 10-6). Inclusion of all 13 tested SNPs to the model with age and sex did not improve the predictive ability compared to the model containing five T2D-associated variants (NRI = -17.86, p = 0.093). The five variants associated with T2D in people from the Volga-Ural region are linked to inflammation (CCR5, CCL2, CCL20) and glucose metabolism regulation (TCF7L, ADIPOQ2). Further studies in independent groups of T2D patients should validate the prognostic value of the model and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Timasheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Diana Avzaletdinova
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Irina Rassoleeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Morugova
- Department of Endocrinology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Gulnaz Korytina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Olga Kochetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Chen J, Guo W, Yin H, Ma L, Li S, Li H. Investigation of the Correlation Between the Polymorphism/Expression Level of RANTES and Its Receptor CCR5 Gene Promoter and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:213-223. [PMID: 36760585 PMCID: PMC9884060 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s398264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore relationship among RANTES -28 (rs2280788) C/G polymorphism or CCR5 59029 (rs1799987) A/G polymorphism, level of self-expression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data were collected from 92 subjects with normal blood glucose (NC) and 97 patients with T2DM (DM). CCR5 levels on the surface of monocyte/lymphocyte and plasma RANTES levels were detected by flow cytometry. TaqMan real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect genetic polymorphisms of RANTES rs2280788 and CCR5 rs1799987. RESULTS There were no significant differences in frequencies of CCR5 rs1799987 genotype and A/G allele and frequencies of RANTES rs2280788 genotype and C/G allele, between subjects in NC and DM group (P > 0.05). Plasma RANTES level in DM group was significantly lower than NC group (P < 0.05), and difference came from patients with T2DM using insulin and subjects with normal blood glucose. CCR5 levels on the surface of monocytes and lymphocytes of patients in DM group were higher than NC group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CCR5 level on the surface of monocytes and lymphocytes (or plasma RANTES level) among different genotypes of CCR5 rs1799987 (or RANTES rs2280788) (P > 0.05). RANTES level was positively correlated with age and TC and negatively correlated with diabetes course and HbA1c. CCR5 level on the surface of monocytes was positively correlated with drinking years, HbA1c, course of diabetes, and negatively correlated with TC. CCR5 on lymphocyte surface was positively correlated with diabetes course, smoking years, HbA1c, and negatively correlated with LDL, TC, HDL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RANTES -28 (rs2280788) C/G polymorphism or CCR5 59029 (rs1799987) A/G polymorphism may not be associated with T2DM of Han nationality in Kunming and cannot affect RANTES and CCR5 expression. RANTES and CCR5 levels may be related to T2DM but may also be affected by age, blood lipids, HbA1c, diabetes course, drugs, and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichang Guo
- Department of Physical Education, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejia Yin
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liju Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyou Li
- Department of The Scientific Research Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Li
- Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huifang Li, Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Ooms M, Strom A, Strassburger K, Menart B, Leslie RD, Schloot NC. Increased spontaneous CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL5 (RANTES) secretion in vitro in LADA compared to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: Action LADA 14. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3431. [PMID: 33369072 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adulthood and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) share similar pathological mechanisms but differ clinically in disease progression. The aim of this study was to acquire insights into spontaneous and stimulated chemokine secretion of immune cells in different diabetes types. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated in vitro spontaneous, mitogen (PI) and antigen (HSP60, p277, pGAD, pIA2) stimulated chemokine secretion of leucocytes from patients with T1D (n = 32), LADA (n = 22), type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 49), and glucose-tolerant individuals (n = 13). Chemokine concentration in supernatants was measured for CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL10 (IP10) and CCL5 (RANTES) using a multiplex bead array assay. RESULTS Spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 were higher in LADA compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 was similar in the groups. Mitogen-stimulated secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 and CCL5 were similar in all groups. Upon stimulation with pIA2 the secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T2D (p < 0.05). Spontaneous CXCL10 secretion in LADA was positively associated with body mass index (r2 = 0.35; p = 0.0035) and C-peptide (r2 = 0.30; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Chemokine secretion is altered between different diabetes types. Increased spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 and decreased secretion of CCL2, upon stimulation with PI and pIA2, in LADA compared to T1D and T2D could reflect altered immune responsiveness in LADA patients in association with their slower clinical progression compared to insulin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ooms
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Menart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard D Leslie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nanette C Schloot
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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GWAS for autoimmune Addison's disease identifies multiple risk loci and highlights AIRE in disease susceptibility. Nat Commun 2021; 12:959. [PMID: 33574239 PMCID: PMC7878795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. Low prevalence and complex inheritance have long hindered successful genetic studies. We here report the first genome-wide association study on AAD, which identifies nine independent risk loci (P < 5 × 10-8). In addition to loci implicated in lymphocyte function and development shared with other autoimmune diseases such as HLA, BACH2, PTPN22 and CTLA4, we associate two protein-coding alterations in Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) with AAD. The strongest, p.R471C (rs74203920, OR = 3.4 (2.7-4.3), P = 9.0 × 10-25) introduces an additional cysteine residue in the zinc-finger motif of the second PHD domain of the AIRE protein. This unbiased elucidation of the genetic contribution to development of AAD points to the importance of central immunological tolerance, and explains 35-41% of heritability (h2).
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Stairiker CJ, van Meurs M, Leon LG, Brouwers-Haspels AA, Rijsbergen L, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD. Heatr9 is an infection responsive gene that affects cytokine production in alveolar epithelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236195. [PMID: 32678841 PMCID: PMC7367486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, viruses enter susceptible host cells in order to replicate their components for production of new virions. In the process of infection, the gene expression of infected cells undergoes changes because of the production of viral components and due to the host response from detection of viral products. In the advent of RNA sequencing, the discovery of new genes and their functions in the host response generates new avenues for interventions in the host-pathogen interaction. We have identified a novel gene, Heatr9, as a virus and cytokine inducible viral responsive gene. We confirm Heatr9’s expression in vitro and in vivo during virus infection and correlate it with viral burden. Heatr9 is induced by influenza virus and RSV. Heatr9 knockdown during viral infection was shown to affect chemokine expression. Our studies identify Heatr9 as a novel inflammatory and virus infection induced gene that can regulate the induction of specific cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stairiker
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leticia G. Leon
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurine Rijsbergen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Bisphenol A alteration of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) female mice is dependent on window of exposure. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1083-1093. [PMID: 30826855 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic β-cell destruction can be mediated by dysbiosis, infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells, and cytokines/chemokines. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor (ED), can lead to aberrant immunity and gut microbiota. We determined whether BPA had age-dependent effects on T1D by modulating immune homeostasis following various windows of exposure in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Juvenile NOD females were orally exposed to 0 or 30 µg BPA/kg BW from postnatal day (PND) 28 to PND56. Adult NOD females were exposed to 0 or 300 µg BPA/kg BW. Female and male NOD offspring were exposed to 0 or 300 µg BPA/kg BW perinatally from gestation day 5 to PND28 by dosing the dams. It was found that BPA increased T1D risk in juvenile females with gut microbiota shifted towards pro-inflammation (e.g. increased Jeotgalicoccus). In agreement with our previous study, adult females had a trend of increased T1D and a general increase in immune responses. However, female offspring had a reduced T1D development. Consistently, female offspring had a shift towards anti-inflammation (e.g. decreased pro-inflammatory F4/80+Gr1+ cells). In contrast, BPA had minimal effects on immunity and T1D in male offspring. Thus, it was concluded that BPA had age- and sex-dependent effects on T1D with the alteration of gut microbiota and inflammation being the primary mechanisms for T1D exacerbation in juvenile exposure and decreases of inflammation being responsible for attenuated T1D in perinatally exposed females.
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9
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Paving the way for successful islet encapsulation. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:737-748. [PMID: 30738185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder that decimates pancreatic β-cells which produce insulin. Direct pancreatic islet transplantation cannot serve as a widespread therapeutic modality owing to the need for lifelong immunosuppression and donor shortage. Therefore, several encapsulation techniques have been developed to enclose the islets in semipermeable vehicles that will allow oxygen and nutrient input as well as insulin, other metabolites and waste output, while accomplishing immunoisolation. Although encapsulation technology continues to face significant obstacles, recent advances in material science, stem cell biology and immunology potentially serve as pathways to success. This review summarizes the accomplishments of the past 5 years.
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Burg AR, Tse HM. Redox-Sensitive Innate Immune Pathways During Macrophage Activation in Type 1 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1373-1398. [PMID: 29037052 PMCID: PMC6166692 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting in β-cell destruction mediated by islet-infiltrating leukocytes. The role of oxidative stress in human and murine models of T1D is highly significant as these noxious molecules contribute to diabetic complications and β-cell lysis, but their direct impact on dysregulated autoimmune responses is highly understudied. Pro-inflammatory macrophages play a vital role in the initiation and effector phases of T1D by producing free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines to facilitate β-cell destruction and to present antigen to autoreactive T cells. Recent Advances: Redox modulation of macrophage functions may play critical roles in autoimmunity. These include enhancing pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling pathways in response to environmental triggers, enforcing an M1 macrophage differentiation program, controlling antigen processing, and altering peptide recognition by oxidative post-translational modification. Therefore, an oxidative environment may act on multiple macrophage functions to orchestrate T1D pathogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Mechanisms involved in the initiation of T1D remain unclear, making preventive and early therapeutics difficult to develop. Although many of these advances in the redox regulation of macrophages are in their infancy, they provide insight into how oxidative stress aids in the precipitating event of autoimmune activation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies should be aimed at mechanistically determining which redox-regulated macrophage functions are pertinent in T1D pathogenesis, as well as at investigating potential targetable therapeutics to halt and/or dampen innate immune activation in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Burg
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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11
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Burg AR, Das S, Padgett LE, Koenig ZE, Tse HM. Superoxide Production by NADPH Oxidase Intensifies Macrophage Antiviral Responses during Diabetogenic Coxsackievirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:61-70. [PMID: 29158420 PMCID: PMC5736405 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B infections are suspected environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and macrophage antiviral responses may provide a link to virus-induced T1D. We previously demonstrated an important role for NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide production during T1D pathogenesis, as NOX-deficient NOD mice (NOD.Ncf1m1J ) were protected against T1D due, in part, to impaired proinflammatory TLR signaling in NOD.Ncf1m1J macrophages. Therefore, we hypothesized that loss of NOX-derived superoxide would dampen diabetogenic antiviral macrophage responses and protect from virus-induced diabetes. Upon infection with a suspected diabetogenic virus, Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), NOD.Ncf1m1J mice remained resistant to virus-induced autoimmune diabetes. A concomitant decrease in circulating inflammatory chemokines, blunted antiviral gene signature within the pancreas, and reduced proinflammatory M1 macrophage responses were observed. Importantly, exogenous superoxide addition to CB3-infected NOD.Ncf1m1J bone marrow-derived macrophages rescued the inflammatory antiviral M1 macrophage response, revealing reduction-oxidation-dependent mechanisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling and dsRNA viral sensors in macrophages. We report that superoxide production following CB3 infection may exacerbate pancreatic β cell destruction in T1D by influencing proinflammatory M1 macrophage responses, and mechanistically linking oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetogenic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Burg
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Shaonli Das
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Lindsey E Padgett
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Zachary E Koenig
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
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The Association of Chemokine Gene Polymorphisms with VKH and Behcet's Disease in a Chinese Han Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1274960. [PMID: 28589131 PMCID: PMC5446887 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1274960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association of chemokine gene polymorphisms and Behcet's disease (BD) and Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease in a Chinese Han population. A case-control study was performed. Three hundred and seventy-one BD patients, 371 VKH disease patients, and 605 healthy controls were recruited to determine genetic variants of 26 SNPs in 12 chemokine genes with iPLEX Gold genotyping assay and Sequenom MassARRAY or TaqMan SNP assays. In this study, Puncorr values showed a weak association of five SNPs of five genes in BD and three SNPs of three genes in VKH disease. However, after Bonferroni correction, the 26 investigated SNPs showed no significant differences in genetic variants, including genotype and allele frequencies, between BD or VKH disease patients and healthy individuals. Haplotype analysis for the chemokine genes showed a significant association with the TC haplotype of CXCL12 in VKH. Stratified gender analysis and genotype-phenotype analysis were conducted to analyze the association of the 26 SNPs of 12 chemokine genes with BD and VKH disease. However, no significant association was observed after Bonferroni correction. This study showed no association of 26 SNPs in 12 chemokine genes with both BD and VKH disease in a Chinese Han population.
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Pham-Hua D, Padgett LE, Xue B, Anderson B, Zeiger M, Barra JM, Bethea M, Hunter CS, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E, Tse HM. Islet encapsulation with polyphenol coatings decreases pro-inflammatory chemokine synthesis and T cell trafficking. Biomaterials 2017; 128:19-32. [PMID: 28285194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic pro-inflammatory autoimmune disease consisting of islet-infiltrating leukocytes involved in pancreatic β-cell lysis. One promising treatment for T1D is islet transplantation; however, clinical application is constrained due to limited islet availability, adverse effects of immunosuppressants, and declining graft survival. Islet encapsulation may provide an immunoprotective barrier to preserve islet function and prevent immune-mediated rejection after transplantation. We previously demonstrated that a novel cytoprotective nanothin multilayer coating for islet encapsulation consisting of tannic acid (TA), an immunomodulatory antioxidant, and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON), was efficacious in dampening in vitro immune responses involved in transplant rejection and preserving in vitro islet function. However, the ability of (PVPON/TA) to maintain islet function in vivo and reverse diabetes has not been tested. Recent evidence has demonstrated that modulation of redox status can affect pro-inflammatory immune responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that transplanted (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated islets can restore euglycemia to diabetic mice and provide an immunoprotective barrier. Our results demonstrate that (PVPON/TA) nanothin coatings can significantly decrease in vitro chemokine synthesis and diabetogenic T cell migration. Importantly, (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated islets restored euglycemia after transplantation into diabetic mice. Our results demonstrate that (PVPON/TA)-encapsulated islets may suppress immune responses and enhance islet allograft acceptance in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Pham-Hua
- Science Technology Honors Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Lindsey E Padgett
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Brian Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Michael Zeiger
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Jessie M Barra
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA; Center of Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA.
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA.
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Cheng CW, Villani V, Buono R, Wei M, Kumar S, Yilmaz OH, Cohen P, Sneddon JB, Perin L, Longo VD. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Promotes Ngn3-Driven β-Cell Regeneration to Reverse Diabetes. Cell 2017; 168:775-788.e12. [PMID: 28235195 PMCID: PMC5357144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases, but the removal of impaired tissue and activation of a program leading to organ regeneration pose major challenges. In mice, a 4-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD) induces a stepwise expression of Sox17 and Pdx-1, followed by Ngn3-driven generation of insulin-producing β cells, resembling that observed during pancreatic development. FMD cycles restore insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mouse models. In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTOR activity and induce Sox2 and Ngn3 expression and insulin production. The effects of the FMD are reversed by IGF-1 treatment and recapitulated by PKA and mTOR inhibition. These results indicate that a FMD promotes the reprogramming of pancreatic cells to restore insulin generation in islets from T1D patients and reverse both T1D and T2D phenotypes in mouse models. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Roberta Buono
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.
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15
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Lu H, Wang J, Gao B, Chen S, Xiang G, Yang S, Gong Y, Guan L. The association between the CC chemokine ligand 5 -28C>G gene polymorphism and tuberculosis susceptibility. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:1400-7. [PMID: 26620981 PMCID: PMC4707395 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.12.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between chemotactic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) -28C>G polymorphism and tuberculosis (TB) risk. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and WanFang were searched up to April 2015 for eligible studies on CCL5 -28C>G polymorphism. Data was extracted, and pooled odd ratios (ORs) as well as 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Eight case-control studies were extracted from 8 articles on the polymorphism involving 1852 TB cases and 2068 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that significant reduced risks were found for the polymorphism with the risk of TB in Asians and Arabs as follows: OR=0.12, 95% CI=0.06-0.26, p=0.000 for mutant homozygous (GG) versus wild-type homozygous (CC) for Asian descent, OR=0.14, 95% CI=0.07-0.28, p=0.000 for GG versus CC in the Arab descent. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that CCL5 gene -28C>G polymorphism might be a protective factor for the development of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases,Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. E-mail.
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16
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Padgett LE, Burg AR, Lei W, Tse HM. Loss of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide skews macrophage phenotypes to delay type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:937-46. [PMID: 25288672 PMCID: PMC4338593 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are early islet-infiltrating cells seen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While proinflammatory M1 macrophages induce T1D, M2 macrophages have been shown to delay this autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the environmental cues that govern macrophage polarization and differentiation remain unresolved. We previously demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T1D, as NOD mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide (Ncf1(m1J)) were protected against T1D partly because of blunted Toll-like receptor-dependent macrophage responses. We provide evidence that NOX-derived ROS contribute to macrophage differentiation in T1D. During spontaneous diabetes progression, T1D-resistant NOD.Ncf1(m1J) islet-resident macrophages displayed a dampened M1 and increased M2 phenotype. The transfer of diabetogenic T cells into NOX-deficient NOD.Rag.Ncf1(m1J) recipients resulted in decreased TNF-α(+) and IL-1β(+) islet-infiltrating M1 macrophages and a concomitant enhancement in arginase-1(+) M2 macrophages. Mechanistic analysis of superoxide-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a marked diminution in a proinflammatory M1 phenotype due to decreased P-STAT1 (Y701) and interferon regulatory factor 5 compared with NOD mice. We have therefore defined a novel mechanistic link between NOX-derived ROS and macrophage phenotypes, and implicated superoxide as an important factor in macrophage differentiation. Thus, targeting macrophage redox status may represent a promising therapy in halting human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Padgett
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ashley R Burg
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Weiqi Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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17
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Komase K, Maekawa S, Miura M, Sueki R, Kadokura M, Shindo H, Shindo K, Amemiya F, Nakayama Y, Inoue T, Sakamoto M, Yamashita A, Moriishi K, Enomoto N. Serum RANTES level influences the response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:865-75. [PMID: 23279319 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Prediction of treatment responses to pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy is uncertain for genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C. METHODS In this study, 96 patients were investigated for the correlation between 36 pretreatment serum chemokine/cytokine levels and PEG IFN/RBV treatment efficacy by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and a bead array. RESULTS First, chemokines/cytokines were measured semiquantitatively by sandwich ELISA in 31 randomly-selected patients and the serum regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) level was found to be significantly higher in the sustained virological response (SVR) group than the non-SVR group (P = 0.048). Precise RANTES measurement in all 96 patients using a bead array confirmed this correlation (P = 0.002). However, the genetic RANTES haplotype was not significantly related to the serum level. The serum RANTES level was extracted by multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 4.09, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-16.5, P = 0.048) as an independent variable contributing to SVR. CONCLUSION The serum RANTES level is an important determinant influencing the virological response to PEG IFN/RBV therapy in chronic hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komase
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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18
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Rydén A, Faresjö M. Altered immune profile from pre-diabetes to manifestation of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100:74-84. [PMID: 23485080 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the mechanisms leading to β-cell destruction and clinical onset of T1D are still unclear, the composition of the immune profile is probably important for the outcome of immune activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the composition and possible changes of the immunological profile, spontaneously and following stimulation with the autoantigens GAD65, and HSP60, at high-risk and T1D onset and further to 8 months post diagnosis. METHODS Fifteen first-degree relatives of T1D patients with a high risk of developing the disease within five years, 25 children approximately four days and 8 months after diagnosis of T1D and 16 healthy children were included in the study. Cytokines (IL-1β, -6, -7, -10, -13, -17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, -3, -4, -5 and CXCL10) associated with Th1, Th2, Tr1 and inflammatory cells were detected in cell culture supernatants by Luminex-technique, and markers associated with regulatory T-cells (FOXP3, CTLA-4 and TGF-β) by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS High-risk individuals differed in immunity from that seen in healthy and T1D children. High-risk individuals had a low TNF-α response and fewer responders from mitogen exposure as well as low spontaneous secretions of IL-13 compared to healthy children. High-risk individuals that later developed T1D, had a lower FOXP3 and CTLA-4 mRNA expression, following stimulation with GAD65, in combination with higher secretion of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL4. CONCLUSION Changes in immunity seen in individuals with high risk of developing T1D points to alterations/actions in the immune system already early in the pre-diabetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rydén
- Division of Paediatrics & Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Akerman L, Ludvigsson J, Casas R. Low C-peptide levels and decreased expression of TNF and CD45 in children with high risk of type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:4-15. [PMID: 23644451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients have numeral and functional defects in peripheral immune cells, but the pre-diabetic period is fairly uncharacterized. Our aim was to analyze expression of immunological markers in T1D high risk children and relate it to clinical/immunological parameters. Children from ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden) with ≥2 diabetes related autoantibodies were considered at high risk. Age-matched controls and new-onset T1D patients were included. Expression of genes related to immune cell function and different arms of the immune system was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using PCR array. Risk children had lower TNF and CD45, and although there were few differences between the groups, expression of many genes differed when comparing children with regard to residual insulin secretion. Hence, expression of immune related genes seemed related not only to the autoimmune process but rather to residual β-cell function, which was decreased already during the pre-diabetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Akerman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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20
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Kidd LR, Jones DZ, Rogers EN, Kidd NC, Beache S, Rudd JE, Ragin C, Jackson M, McFarlane-Anderson N, Tulloch-Reid M, Morrison S, Brock GN, Barve SS, Kimbro KS. Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine receptor (CCR5) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk among men of African Descent: a case-control study. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012; 10:16. [PMID: 23168091 PMCID: PMC3527309 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Chemokine and chemokine receptors play an essential role in tumorigenesis. Although chemokine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with various cancers, their impact on prostate cancer (PCA) among men of African descent is unknown. Consequently, this study evaluated 43 chemokine-associated SNPs in relation to PCA risk. We hypothesized inheritance of variant chemokine-associated alleles may lead to alterations in PCA susceptibility, presumably due to variations in antitumor immune responses. METHODS Sequence variants were evaluated in germ-line DNA samples from 814 African-American and Jamaican men (279 PCA cases and 535 controls) using Illumina's Goldengate genotyping system. RESULTS Inheritance of CCL5 rs2107538 (AA, GA+AA) and rs3817655 (AA, AG, AG+AA) genotypes were linked with a 34-48% reduction in PCA risk. Additionally, the recessive and dominant models for CCR5 rs1799988 and CCR7 rs3136685 were associated with a 1.52-1.73 fold increase in PCA risk. Upon stratification, only CCL5 rs3817655 and CCR7 rs3136685 remained significant for the Jamaican and U.S. subgroups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In summary, CCL5 (rs2107538, rs3817655) and CCR5 (rs1799988) sequence variants significantly modified PCA susceptibility among men of African descent, even after adjusting for age and multiple comparisons. Our findings are only suggestive and require further evaluation and validation in relation to prostate cancer risk and ultimately disease progression, biochemical/disease recurrence and mortality in larger high-risk subgroups. Such efforts will help to identify genetic markers capable of explaining disproportionately high prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates among men of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacreis R Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville Clinical Translational Research Building, 505 South Hancock Street Room 306, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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21
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Nogueira LG, Santos RHB, Ianni BM, Fiorelli AI, Mairena EC, Benvenuti LA, Frade A, Donadi E, Dias F, Saba B, Wang HTL, Fragata A, Sampaio M, Hirata MH, Buck P, Mady C, Bocchi EA, Stolf NA, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Myocardial chemokine expression and intensity of myocarditis in Chagas cardiomyopathy are controlled by polymorphisms in CXCL9 and CXCL10. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1867. [PMID: 23150742 PMCID: PMC3493616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), a life-threatening inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy, affects 30% of the approximately 8 million patients infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Even though the Th1 T cell-rich myocarditis plays a pivotal role in CCC pathogenesis, little is known about the factors controlling inflammatory cell migration to CCC myocardium. Methods and Results Using confocal immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR, we studied cell surface staining and gene expression of the CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 receptors and their chemokine ligands in myocardial samples from end-stage CCC patients. CCR5+, CXCR3+, CCR4+, CCL5+ and CXCL9+ mononuclear cells were observed in CCC myocardium. mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL17, CCL19 and their receptors was upregulated in CCC myocardium. CXCL9 mRNA expression directly correlated with the intensity of myocarditis, as well as with mRNA expression of CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8 and their ligands. We also analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms for genes encoding the most highly expressed chemokines and receptors in a cohort of Chagas disease patients. CCC patients with ventricular dysfunction displayed reduced genotypic frequencies of CXCL9 rs10336 CC, CXCL10 rs3921 GG, and increased CCR5 rs1799988CC as compared to those without dysfunction. Significantly, myocardial samples from CCC patients carrying the CXCL9/CXCL10 genotypes associated to a lower risk displayed a 2–6 fold reduction in mRNA expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and other chemokines and receptors, along with reduced intensity of myocarditis, as compared to those with other CXCL9/CXCL10 genotypes. Conclusions Results may indicate that genotypes associated to reduced risk in closely linked CXCL9 and CXCL10 genes may modulate local expression of the chemokines themselves, and simultaneously affect myocardial expression of other key chemokines as well as intensity of myocarditis. Taken together our results may suggest that CXCL9 and CXCL10 are master regulators of myocardial inflammatory cell migration, perhaps affecting clinical progression to the life-threatening form of CCC. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is an inflammatory heart disease that affects millions in Latin America, and in growing numbers in USA and Europe. Survival among CCC patients is shorter than among patients with cardiomyopathy of non-inflammatory etiology. This suggests that the inflammatory cell influx plays an important pathogenic role in CCC. However, little is known about the factors that maintain this myocardial inflammation. We hypothesized that Th1 T cell-attracting chemokines, involved in driving leukocyte migration, could play a role in myocardial inflammation. Herein, we have analyzed expression of several chemokines and receptors in heart tissue from patients with CCC and controls. We found inflammatory cells expressing chemokines and receptors consistent with Th1 T cell influx into CCC myocardium. mRNA expression levels of the chemokine CXCL9 correlated with inflammation. We also studied whether genetic variations in these genes could be associated to CCC development. Polymorphisms in CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCR5 were associated to differential risk of progression to the more severe form of CCC. Polymorphisms of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were also associated to the intensity of myocardial inflammation and chemokine expression. These results suggest that such chemokines may be master regulators of myocardial inflammatory cell migration, perhaps affecting clinical progression to severe CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gabriel Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Maria Ianni
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Inácio Fiorelli
- Divison of Surgery, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Conti Mairena
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Benvenuti
- Divison of Pathology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Frade
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dias
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Saba
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hui-Tzu Lin Wang
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abilio Fragata
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology and Heart Failure Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Buck
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Myocardiopathies Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Transplantation and Heart Failure Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noedir Antonio Stolf
- Divison of Surgery, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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22
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Schulte BM, Lanke KHW, Piganelli JD, Kers-Rebel ED, Bottino R, Trucco M, Huijbens RJF, Radstake TRDJ, Engelse MA, de Koning EJP, Galama JM, Adema GJ, van Kuppeveld FJM. Cytokine and chemokine production by human pancreatic islets upon enterovirus infection. Diabetes 2012; 61:2030-6. [PMID: 22596052 PMCID: PMC3402326 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses of the human enterovirus B species (HEV-Bs) (e.g., coxsackie B viruses [CVBs] and echoviruses) have been implicated as environmental factors that trigger/accelerate type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the cytokines and chemokines that are produced by human pancreatic islets upon infection with CVBs. To this end, we studied the response of human islets of Langerhans upon mock or CVB3 infection. Using quantitative PCR, we showed that upon CVB3 infection, transcription of interferon (IFN), IFN-stimulated genes, and inflammatory genes was induced. Analysis of secreted cytokines and chemokines by Luminex technology confirmed production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) as well as various chemotactic proteins, such as IFN-γ-induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and IL-8. Infection with other HEV-Bs induced similar responses, yet their extent depended on replication efficiency. Ultra violet-inactivated CVB3 did not induce any response, suggesting that virus replication is a prerequisite for antiviral responses. Our data represent the first comprehensive overview of inflammatory mediators that are secreted by human islets of Langerhans upon CVB infection and may shed light on the role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Schulte
- 1Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Al-Qahtani A, Alarifi S, Al-Okail M, Hussain Z, Abdo A, Sanai F, Al-Anazi M, Khalaf N, Al-Humaidan H, Al-Ahdal M, Almajhdi FN. RANTES gene polymorphisms (-403G>A and -28C>G) associated with hepatitis B virus infection in a Saudi population. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:855-62. [PMID: 22576913 DOI: 10.4238/2012.april.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Besides the host immune response, genetic and environmental factors play crucial roles in the manifestation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. "Regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted" factor (RANTES) plays a vital role in CD4(+), CD8(+) T-lymphocyte and dendritic cell activation and proliferation in inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RANTES gene are associated with several viral and non-viral diseases. Association studies have invariably indicated a lack of association between RANTES gene SNPs and HBV infection in ethnic populations, even though RANTES gene SNPs exhibit distinct ethnic distributions. Despite the high prevalence of HBV infections in Saudi Arabia, no studies have been made concerning a possible relationship between RANTES gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to and progression of HBV infection. We examined -403G>A and -28C>G RANTES gene variants in 473 healthy controls and 484 HBV patients in ethnic Saudi populations. Significant differences were found in the genotype and allele distributions of the SNPs between the controls and the HBV patients. Both SNPs were significantly linked to viral clearance in these subjects. Our data demonstrate for the first time in a Saudi population, a relationship between the RANTES gene polymorphisms and the clinical course of HBV infection and underscore the importance of evaluating the genetic background of the affected individual to determine how it may affect disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Qahtani
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Laplana M, Fibla J. Distribution of functional polymorphic variants of inflammation-related genes RANTES and CCR5 in long-lived individuals. Cytokine 2012; 58:10-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sysi-Aho M, Ermolov A, Gopalacharyulu PV, Tripathi A, Seppänen-Laakso T, Maukonen J, Mattila I, Ruohonen ST, Vähätalo L, Yetukuri L, Härkönen T, Lindfors E, Nikkilä J, Ilonen J, Simell O, Saarela M, Knip M, Kaski S, Savontaus E, Orešič M. Metabolic regulation in progression to autoimmune diabetes. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002257. [PMID: 22046124 PMCID: PMC3203065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from serum metabolomics indicates that specific metabolic disturbances precede β-cell autoimmunity in humans and can be used to identify those children who subsequently progress to type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms behind these disturbances are unknown. Here we show the specificity of the pre-autoimmune metabolic changes, as indicated by their conservation in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. We performed a study in non-obese prediabetic (NOD) mice which recapitulated the design of the human study and derived the metabolic states from longitudinal lipidomics data. We show that female NOD mice who later progress to autoimmune diabetes exhibit the same lipidomic pattern as prediabetic children. These metabolic changes are accompanied by enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, normoglycemia, upregulation of insulinotropic amino acids in islets, elevated plasma leptin and adiponectin, and diminished gut microbial diversity of the Clostridium leptum group. Together, the findings indicate that autoimmune diabetes is preceded by a state of increased metabolic demands on the islets resulting in elevated insulin secretion and suggest alternative metabolic related pathways as therapeutic targets to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Sysi-Aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Andrey Ermolov
- Aalto University School of Science, Department of Information and Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Taina Härkönen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erno Lindfors
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jorma Ilonen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Saarela
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Aalto University School of Science, Department of Information and Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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Chawla T, Sharma D, Singh A. Role of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic nephropathy. World J Diabetes 2010; 1:141-5. [PMID: 21537441 PMCID: PMC3083897 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v1.i5.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy has been the cause of lot of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is considered to be involved in most of the pathological processes that result in diabetic nephropathy. This system has various subsystems which contribute to the disease pathology. One of these involves angiotensin II (Ang II) which shows increased activity during diabetic nephropathy. This causes hypertrophy of various renal cells and has a pressor effect on arteriolar smooth muscle resulting in increased vascular pressure. Ang II also induces inflammation, apoptosis, cell growth, migration and differentiation. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production responsible for renal fibrosis is also regulated by RAS. Polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensinogen has been shown to have effects on RAS. Available treatment modalities have proven effective in controlling the progression of nephropathy. Various drugs (based on antagonism of RAS) are currently in the market and others are still under trial. Amongst the approved drugs, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used in clinical practice. ARBs are shown to be superior to ACE inhibitors in terms of reducing proteinuria but the combined role of ARBs with ACE inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy is under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Chawla
- Tanuj Chawla, Department of Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi 110001, India
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Winnik S, Klingenberg R, Matter CM. Plasma RANTES: a molecular fingerprint of the unstable carotid plaque? Eur Heart J 2010; 32:393-5. [PMID: 20961906 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Effect of CC chemokine ligand 5 and CC chemokine receptor 5 genes polymorphisms on the risk and clinicopathological development of oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:767-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Ortiz-Alegría LB, Caballero-Ortega H, Cañedo-Solares I, Rico-Torres CP, Sahagún-Ruiz A, Medina-Escutia ME, Correa D. Congenital toxoplasmosis: candidate host immune genes relevant for vertical transmission and pathogenesis. Genes Immun 2010; 11:363-73. [PMID: 20445562 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2010.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infects a variety of vertebrate hosts, including humans. Transplacental passage of the parasite leads to congenital toxoplasmosis. A primary infection during the first weeks of gestation causes vertical transmission at low rate, although it causes major damage to the embryo. Transmission frequency increases to near 80% by the end of pregnancy, but the proportion of ill newborns is low. For transmission and pathogenesis, the parasite genetics is certainly important. Several host innate and adaptative immune response genes are induced during infection in adults, which control the rapidly replicating tachyzoite. The T helper 1 (Th1) response is protective, although it has to be modulated to avoid inflammatory damage. Paradoxical observations on this response pattern in congenital toxoplasmosis have been reported, as it may be protective or deleterious, inducing sterile abortion or favoring parasite transplacental passage. Regarding pregnancy, an early Th1 microenvironment is important for control of infectious diseases and successful implantation, although it has to be regulated to support trophoblast survival. Polymorphism of genes involved in these parallel phenomena, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adhesins, cytokines, chemokines or their receptors, immunoglobulins or Fc receptors (FcRs), might be important in susceptibility for T. gondii vertical transmission, abortion or fetal pathology. In this study some examples are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Ortiz-Alegría
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, SSA, México DF, Mexico
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Colli ML, Moore F, Gurzov EN, Ortis F, Eizirik DL. MDA5 and PTPN2, two candidate genes for type 1 diabetes, modify pancreatic beta-cell responses to the viral by-product double-stranded RNA. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:135-46. [PMID: 19825843 PMCID: PMC2792153 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is at least in part consequence of a ‘dialog’ between β-cells and immune system. This dialog may be affected by the individual's genetic background. We presently evaluated whether modulation of MDA5 and PTPN2, two candidate genes for T1D, affects β-cell responses to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a by-product of viral replication. These genes were selected following comparison between known candidate genes for T1D and genes expressed in pancreatic β-cells, as identified in previous array analysis. INS-1E cells and primary fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified rat β-cells were transfected with small interference RNAs (siRNAs) targeting MDA5 or PTPN2 and subsequently exposed to intracellular synthetic dsRNA (polyinosinic–polycitidilic acid—PIC). Real-time RT–PCR, western blot and viability assays were performed to characterize gene/protein expression and viability. PIC increased MDA5 and PTPN2 mRNA expression, which was inhibited by the specific siRNAs. PIC triggered apoptosis in INS-1E and primary β-cells and this was augmented by PTPN2 knockdown (KD), although inhibition of MDA5 did not modify PIC-induced apoptosis. In contrast, MDA5 silencing decreased PIC-induced cytokine and chemokine expression, although inhibition of PTPN2 induced minor or no changes in these inflammatory mediators. These findings indicate that changes in MDA5 and PTPN2 expression modify β-cell responses to dsRNA. MDA5 regulates inflammatory signals, whereas PTPN2 may function as a defence mechanism against pro-apoptotic signals generated by dsRNA. These two candidate genes for T1D may thus modulate β-cell apoptosis and/or local release of inflammatory mediators in the course of a viral infection by acting, at least in part, at the pancreatic β-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel L Colli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Lundgren M, Darnerud PO, Blomberg J, Friman G, Ilbäck NG. Sequential Changes in Serum Cytokines Reflect Viral RNA Kinetics in Target Organs of a Coxsackievirus B Infection in Mice. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:611-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thio CL, Astemborski J, Thomas R, Mosbruger T, Witt MD, Goedert JJ, Hoots K, Winkler C, Thomas DL, Carrington M. Interaction between RANTES promoter variant and CCR5Delta32 favors recovery from hepatitis B. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7944-7. [PMID: 19017985 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs in 95% of adult-acquired infections. A 32-bp deletion in CCR5 (CCR5Delta32), which encodes for a nonfunctional receptor, increases the likelihood of recovery. Using 181 subjects with persistent HBV infection and 316 who had recovered, we tested the hypothesis that an epistatic interaction between functional polymorphisms in RANTES (a CCR5 ligand) and CCR5 impacts recovery. Specific models designed to assess individual contributions of compound genotypes demonstrated that the only combination associated with recovery from an HBV infection was RANTES -403A with CCR5Delta32 (odds ratio 0.36, p = 0.02). Because the phenotypic consequence of -403A is reported to be higher levels of RANTES, we propose a model in which excess RANTES in combination with low CCR5 favors recovery from an HBV infection, which will require validation through functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Thio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Chelbi H, Ghadiri A, Lacheb J, Ghandil P, Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A, Combadiere C. A polymorphism in the CCL2 chemokine gene is associated with asthma risk: a case-control and a family study in Tunisia. Genes Immun 2008; 9:575-81. [PMID: 18615095 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex genetic disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in chemokines and their receptors alter leukocyte mobilization and may thus influence the risk and severity of childhood asthma. Distributions of the chemokine CCL2-2578G, CCL2-927C, CCR2-V64I, CX3CR1-V249I and CX3CR1-T280M receptor polymorphisms were examined in a case-control study of 121 children with asthma and 226 age-matched healthy controls and then replicated in a family study of 99 simplex families (297 individuals). The case-control study revealed that the CCL2-2578G allele was less frequent in children with than in those without asthma (P=0.0012). No association with asthma was found for the CCL2-927, CCR2 or CX3CR1 polymorphisms. The finding in the family study that the CCL2-2578G allele was transmitted less often by heterozygous parents to their children with asthma (P=0.0016) confirms the association of CCL2-2578G with asthma risk. Biochemical studies indicated that plasma CCL2 concentrations were higher in both patients (P=0.0214) and controls (P=0.001) carrying the G allele than in subjects with other polymorphisms. Both case-control and family-based studies suggest a protective effect of allele CCL2-2578G in Tunisian asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chelbi
- Homeostasis and Cell Dysfunction Unit Research 99/UR/08-40, Medical University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Pfleger C, Kaas A, Hansen L, Alizadeh B, Hougaard P, Holl R, Kolb H, Roep BO, Mortensen HB, Schloot NC. Relation of circulating concentrations of chemokine receptor CCR5 ligands to C-peptide, proinsulin and HbA1c and disease progression in type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:57-65. [PMID: 18434252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Th1 related chemokines CCL3 and CCL5 and Th2 related CCL4 as ligands of the receptor CCR5 contribute to disease development in animal models of type 1 diabetes. In humans, no data are available addressing the role of these chemokines regarding disease progression and remission. We investigated longitudinally circulating concentrations of CCR5 ligands of 256 newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes. CCR5 ligands were differentially associated with beta-cell function and clinical remission. CCL5 was decreased in remitters and positively associated with HbA1c suggestive of a Th1 associated progression of the disease. Likewise, CCL3 was negatively related to C-peptide and positively associated with the beta-cell stress marker proinsulin but increased in remitters. CCL4 associated with decreased beta-cell stress shown by negative association with proinsulin. Blockage of chemokines or antagonism of CCR5 by therapeutic agents such as maraviroc may provide a new therapeutic target to ameliorate disease progression in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pfleger
- Institute for Clinical Diabetes Research at German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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35
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Sharp CD, Huang M, Glawe J, Patrick DR, Pardue S, Barlow SC, Kevil CG. Stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 stimulates chemorepulsion of NOD/LtJ T-cell adhesion to islet microvascular endothelium. Diabetes 2008; 57:102-12. [PMID: 17909096 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetogenic T-cell recruitment into pancreatic islets facilitates beta-cell destruction during autoimmune diabetes, yet specific mechanisms governing this process are poorly understood. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) controls T-cell recruitment, and genetic polymorphisms of SDF-1 are associated with early development of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Here, we examined the role of SDF-1 regulation of diabetogenic T-cell adhesion to islet microvascular endothelium. Islet microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were activated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), subsequently coated with varying concentrations of SDF-1 (1-100 ng/ml), and assayed for T-cell/endothelial cell interactions under physiological flow conditions. RESULTS TNF-alpha significantly increased NOD/LtJ T-cell adhesion, which was completely blocked by SDF-1 in a dose-dependent manner, revealing a novel chemorepulsive effect. Conversely, SDF-1 enhanced C57BL/6J T-cell adhesion to TNF-alpha-activated islet endothelium, demonstrating that SDF-1 augments normal T-cell adhesion. SDF-1 chemorepulsion of NOD/LtJ T-cell adhesion was completely reversed by blocking G(i)alpha-protein-coupled receptor activity with pertussis toxin. CXCR4 protein expression was significantly decreased in NOD/LtJ T-cells, and inhibition of CXCR4 activity significantly reversed SDF-1 chemorepulsive effects. Interestingly, SDF-1 treatment significantly abolished T-cell resistance to shear-mediated detachment without altering adhesion molecule expression, thus demonstrating decreased integrin affinity and avidity. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have identified a previously unknown novel function of SDF-1 in negatively regulating NOD/LtJ diabetogenic T-cell adhesion, which may be important in regulating diabetogenic T-cell recruitment into islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Sharp
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy., Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Colobran R, Pujol-Borrell R, Armengol MP, Juan M. The chemokine network. II. On how polymorphisms and alternative splicing increase the number of molecular species and configure intricate patterns of disease susceptibility. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:1-12. [PMID: 17848170 PMCID: PMC2219280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this second review on chemokines, we focus on the polymorphisms and alternative splicings and on their consequences in disease. Because chemokines are key mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, autoimmune, vascular and neoplastic disorders, a large number of studies attempting to relate particular polymorphisms of chemokines to given diseases have already been conducted, sometimes with contradictory results. Reviewing the published data, it becomes evident that some chemokine genes that are polymorphic have alleles that are found repeatedly, associated with disease of different aetiologies but sharing some aspects of pathogenesis. Among CXC chemokines, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CXCL8 and CXCL12 genes stand out, as they have alleles associated with many diseases such as asthma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respectively. Of CC chemokines, the stronger associations occur among alleles from SNPs in CCL2 and CCL5 genes and a number of inflammatory conditions. To understand how chemokines contribute to disease it is also necessary to take into account all the isoforms resulting from differential splicing. The first part of this review deals with polymorphisms and the second with the diversity of molecular species derived from each chemokine gene due to alternative splicing phenomena. The number of molecular species and the level of expression of each of them for every chemokine and for each functionally related group of chemokines reaches a complexity that requires new modelling algorithms akin to those proposed in systems biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Colobran
- Laboratory of Immunobiology for Research and Application to Diagnosis, Tissue and Blood Bank (BST), Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans, Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Alizadeh BZ, Koeleman BPC. Genetic polymorphisms in susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 387:9-17. [PMID: 17963738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes is a serious complex disease caused by several environmental and genetic factors. It is one of most common childhood diseases, requires life-long treatment, and is associated with increased mortality, mainly due to complications that occur later in life. More than three decades of genetic studies have identified several genetic disease variants and a longer list of putative associated genetic loci. These findings have greatly increased our understanding of the genetic background of T1D and have encouraged the development of genetic tools for mapping complex diseases. Here we review the wealth of data on T1D and discuss the major genetic polymorphisms involved in the disease. We place some putative genetic risk factors in perspective and look at those still to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Complex Genetics Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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38
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Jang Y, Chae JS, Hyun YJ, Koh SJ, Kim JY, Ko MJ, Rim SJ, Shin HJ, Ordovas JM, Lee JH. The RANTES −403G>A promoter polymorphism in Korean men: association with serum RANTES concentration and coronary artery disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 113:349-56. [PMID: 17504241 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the association of the RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) −28C>G and −403G>A promoter polymorphisms with the concentration of serum RANTES and CAD (coronary artery disease) in Korean men. We included 553 male CAD patients with (n=176) or without (n=377) Type 2 diabetes, aged 40–65 years with previous myocardial infarction (∼50%) or angiographically confirmed CAD (∼50%), and 416 aged-matched healthy male controls. The main outcome measures were the OR (odds ratio) of CAD risk and the serum RANTES concentration evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Although the RANTES −28C>G genotype had no significant association with CAD risk, the presence of the minor allele of the RANTES −403G>A single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CAD {OR 0.70 [95% CI (confidence interval) 0.54–0.92], P=0.011} after adjusting for age, BMI (body mass index), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Serum RANTES concentrations were significantly associated with the −403G>A genotype in controls (G/G: 44.7±3.3 ng/ml, G/A: 36.5±2.0 ng/ml, A/A: 28.7±2.5 ng/ml; P<0.001), non-diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 50.9±3.0 ng/ml, G/A: 42.2±2.6 ng/ml, A/A: 41.3±4.4 ng/ml; P<0.05) and diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 58.5±3.5 ng/ml, G/A: 49.6±4.1 ng/ml, A/A: 42.2±4.3 ng/ml; P<0.05); however, such associations were not observed in the subgroup of CAD patients taking lipid-lowering medication. Moreover, serum RANTES was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.289, P<0.001) and platelet counts (r=0.253, P<0.001). The results of the present study demonstrate that the RANTES −403A allele is associated with lower serum RANTES concentrations and consequently with reduced CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsoo Jang
- Cardiovascular Genome Center, Cardiovascular Hospital, Severance Hospital, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Naluai AT, Ascher H, Nilsson S, Wahlström J. Searching for genes influencing a complex disease: the case of coeliac disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 16:542-53. [PMID: 17726483 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a few genes have been reported to be causative in inflammatory diseases. Still, we are waiting for the vast majority to be discovered. New tools for genotyping and statistical analysis have been developed and emphasis has been put on study design. Coeliac disease (CD) is a disorder, where prolamins in dietary wheat gluten and related proteins from rye or barley are not tolerated. It is one of the most common chronic diseases in humans exceeding a population prevalence of 1%. In this article, we will summarise what is currently known about the genetics influencing CD with the emphasis on the non-HLA genetic component. We will discuss some difficulties when searching for susceptibility genes in disorders with complex inheritance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Genomics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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