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Wang J, Zhang L, Su Y, Qu Y, Cao Y, Qin W, Liu Y. A Novel Fluorescent Probe Strategy Activated by β-Glucuronidase for Assisting Surgical Resection of Liver Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7012-7020. [PMID: 35506678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a primary malignant tumor with a very high fatality rate, which has seriously threatened human health and life. In normal hepatocellular lesions, β-glucuronidase (GLU) activity in liver cancer tissues is significantly increased. Therefore, GLU has become one of the important biomarkers of primary liver cancer. Here, a series of fluorescent probes (DCDH, DCDCH3, DCDOCH3, and DCDNO2) for early diagnosis of liver cancer and auxiliary surgical resection were successfully synthesized. Since the electron-withdrawing group -NO2 connected to the probe DCDNO2 accelerates the rapid cleavage of the glycosidic bond, DCDNO2 exhibits superior fluorescence properties that are more sensitive and rapid than the other three probes DCDH, DCDCH3, and DCDOCH3 when detecting GLU. DCDNO2 has been well-applied in real-time fluorescent visualization imaging for the detection of GLU activity in liver cancer cells and tumor tissues. In addition, DCDNO2 has also been successfully used in the early diagnosis of liver cancer and real-time imaging to guide the surgical resection of liver cancer tumors. Therefore, DCDNO2 has great potential for development in bioclinical medicine for the early detection and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Su
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MOE), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
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2
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Feng L, Yang Y, Huo X, Tian X, Feng Y, Yuan H, Zhao L, Wang C, Chu P, Long F, Wang W, Ma X. Highly Selective NIR Probe for Intestinal β-Glucuronidase and High-Throughput Screening Inhibitors to Therapy Intestinal Damage. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1727-1734. [PMID: 30149692 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GLU) as a vital factor in enterohepatic circulation and drug-inducing enteropathy has been given more and more attention in recent years. In this study, an off-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DDAO-glu) for selectively and sensitively sensing GLU was developed on the basis of its substrate preference. DDAO-glu can rapidly and selectively respond to bacterial GLU under physiological conditions for detecting the real-time intestinal GLU bioactivity of complex biological systems such as human feces in clinic. Meantime, DDAO-glu has been successfully applied for visualization of endogenous GLU in bacterial biofilm, thallus, and even in vivo. Using this NIR probe, we successfully visualized the real distribution of intestinal GLU in the enterohepatic circulation. Furthermore, a high-throughput screening method was successfully established by our probe, and a potent natural inhibitor of GLU was identified as (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) for effectively preventing NSAIDs-inducing enteropathy in vivo. DDAO-glu could serve as a powerful tool for exploring real physical functions of intestinal GLU in enterohepatic circulation, under physiological and pathological contexts, and developing the novel inhibitors of GLU to therapy acute drug-inducing enteropathy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lijian Zhao
- Bio/Medical Experiment Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feida Long
- Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Sino-Pakistan TCM and Ethnomedicine Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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3
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Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes are a large class of biological catalysts that play a vital role in a plethora of critical biochemical processes required to maintain human health. However, the expression and/or activity of these important enzymes can change in many different diseases and therefore represent exciting targets for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers. This review focuses on recently reported radiolabeled substrates, reversible inhibitors, and irreversible inhibitors investigated as PET and SPECT tracers for imaging hydrolytic enzymes. By learning from the most successful examples of tracer development for hydrolytic enzymes, it appears that an early focus on careful enzyme kinetics and cell-based studies are key factors for identifying potentially useful new molecular imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Rempel
- 1 Department of Science, Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Christopher P Phenix
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,3 Biomarker Discovery, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Han X, Song X, Yu F, Chen L. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging and quantifying anti-apoptotic effects of GSH under temperature stress. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6991-7002. [PMID: 29147526 PMCID: PMC5642144 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging and quantifying concentration fluctuations and anti-apoptotic effects of GSH under hypothermia and hyperthermia in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP xenografts.
Hypothermia and hyperthermia are cell stressed states resulting from environmental temperature changes, which can abnormally decrease intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations and induce apoptosis. As the most abundant intracellular non-protein biothiol, GSH can protect cells from apoptosis. Considering the important roles of GSH in the anti-apoptotic process in cells and in vivo, we strive to develop a powerful chemical tool for the direct detection of GSH concentration changes under temperature stress. Herein, we report a ratiometric fluorescent probe (CyO-Dise) based on a selenium–sulfur exchange reaction for the qualitative and quantitative detection of GSH concentration fluctuations in cells and in vivo. The probe has been successfully used to assess the changes of GSH levels in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells using the stimulations of hypothermia and hyperthermia. In terms of the anti-apoptotic effect of GSH under hypothermic and hyperthermic conditions, human normal liver HL-7702 cells have stronger abilities to fight against temperature stress than human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells. Hypothermia and hyperthermia can also improve the drug resistance of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum(ii) (DDP)-resistant HepG2/DDP cells. The CyO-Dise probe has been employed to image GSH concentration changes in HepG2 and HepG2/DDP xenografts on nude mice. With the adjuvant therapy effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia, the chemotherapy drug DDP exhibits good ability for the treatment of HepG2 and HepG2/DDP xenografts. The above applications make our probe a potential new candidate for the accurate diagnosis of cancer and efficacy evaluation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China . .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
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5
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Real-time imaging of intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase activity by hydrolysis of a fluorescent probe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3142. [PMID: 28600512 PMCID: PMC5466677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase (βG) hydrolyzes glucuronidated metabolites to their toxic form in intestines, resulting in intestinal damage. The development of a method to inhibit βG is thus important but has been limited by the difficulty of directly assessing enzyme activity in live animals. Here, we utilized a fluorescent probe, fluorescein di-β-D-glucuronide (FDGlcU), to non-invasively image the intestinal bacterial βG activity in nude mice. In vitro cell-based assays showed that the detection limit is 104 colony-forming units/well of βG-expressing bacteria, and that 7.81 ng/mL of FDGlcU is enough to generate significant fluorescent signal. In whole-body optical images of nude mice, the maximum fluorescence signal for βG activity in intestines was detected 3 hours after gavage with FDGlcU. Following pretreatment with a bacterial βG inhibitor, the fluorescence signal was significantly reduced in abdomens and excised intestines images. For a 4-day antibiotic treatment to deplete intestinal bacteria, the FDGlcU-based images showed that the βG activity was decreased by 8.5-fold on day 4 and then gradually increased after treatment stopped. The results suggested that FDGlcU-based imaging revealed the in vitro and in vivo activity of intestinal bacterial βG, which would facilitate pharmacodynamic studies of specific bacterial βG inhibitors in animal studies.
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6
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Qudrat A, Truong K. Modular assembly of synthetic proteins that span the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:88. [PMID: 27938351 PMCID: PMC5148844 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To achieve synthetic control over how a cell responds to other cells or the extracellular environment, it is important to reliably engineer proteins that can traffic and span the plasma membrane. Using a modular approach to assemble proteins, we identified the minimum necessary components required to engineer such membrane-spanning proteins with predictable orientation in mammalian cells. Results While a transmembrane domain (TM) fused to the N-terminus of a protein is sufficient to traffic it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an additional signal peptidase cleavage site downstream of this TM enhanced sorting out of the ER. Next, a second TM in the synthetic protein helped anchor and accumulate the membrane-spanning protein on the plasma membrane. The orientation of the components of the synthetic protein were determined through measuring intracellular Ca2+ signaling using the R-GECO biosensor and through measuring extracellular quenching of yellow fluorescent protein variants by saturating acidic and salt conditions. Conclusions This work forms the basis of engineering novel proteins that span the plasma membrane to potentially control intracellular responses to extracellular conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0320-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Qudrat
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street Room 407, Rosebrugh Building, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kevin Truong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street Room 407, Rosebrugh Building, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada. .,Edward S. Rogers, Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada.
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7
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Han X, Yu F, Song X, Chen L. Quantification of cysteine hydropersulfide with a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on selenium-sulfur exchange reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5098-5107. [PMID: 30155159 PMCID: PMC6020118 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine hydropersulfide (Cys-SSH) plays primary roles in the synthesis of sulfur-containing cofactors, regulation of cellular signaling, activation or inactivation of enzyme activities, and modulation of cellular redox milieu. However, its biofunctions need to be further addressed due to the fact that many issues remain to be clarified. Herein, we conceive a novel ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe Cy-Dise for the sensitive and selective detection of Cys-SSH in living cells and in vivo for the first time. Cy-Dise is composed of three moieties: bis(2-hydroxyethyl) diselenide, heptamethine cyanine, and d-galactose. Cy-Dise exhibits a satisfactory linear ratio response to Cys-SSH via a selenium-sulfur exchange reaction in the range of 0-12 μM Cys-SSH. The experimental detection limit is determined to be 0.12 μM. The results of ratio imaging analyses confirm the qualitative and quantitative detection capabilities of Cy-Dise in HepG2 cells, HL-7702 cells, and primary hepatocytes. The level changes of Cys-SSH in cells stimulated by some related reagents are also observed. The probe is also suitable for deep tissue ratio imaging. Organ targeting tests with Cy-Dise in normal Spraque-Dawley (SD) rats and Walker-256 tumor SD rats verify its predominant localization in the liver. The probe is promising for revealing the roles of Cys-SSH in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China .
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8
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Discovery of specific inhibitors for intestinal E. coli β-glucuronidase through in silico virtual screening. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:740815. [PMID: 25839056 PMCID: PMC4370192 DOI: 10.1155/2015/740815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a major metabolism process of detoxification for carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy)-1-butanone (NNK) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, intestinal E. coli
β-glucuronidase (eβG) has been considered pivotal to colorectal carcinogenesis. Specific inhibition of eβG may prevent reactivating the glucuronide-carcinogen and protect the intestine from ROS-mediated carcinogenesis. In order to develop specific eβG inhibitors, we found that 59 candidate compounds obtained from the initial virtual screening had high inhibition specificity against eβG but not human βG. In particular, we found that compounds 7145 and 4041 with naphthalenylidene-benzenesulfonamide (NYBS) are highly effective and selective to inhibit eβG activity. Compound 4041 (IC50 = 2.8 μM) shows a higher inhibiting ability than compound 7145 (IC50 = 31.6 μM) against eβG. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis indicates that compound 4041 has two hydrophobic contacts to residues L361 and I363 in the bacterial loop, but 7145 has one contact to L361. Only compound 4041 can bind to key residue (E413) at active site of eβG via hydrogen-bonding interactions. These novel NYBS-based eβG specific inhibitors may provide as novel candidate compounds, which specifically inhibit eβG to reduce eβG-based carcinogenesis and intestinal injury.
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9
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Su YC, Cheng TC, Leu YL, Roffler SR, Wang JY, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen KC, Wang HE, Cheng TL. PET imaging of β-glucuronidase activity by an activity-based 124I-trapping probe for the personalized glucuronide prodrug targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2852-63. [PMID: 25277385 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucuronidase (βG) is a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prodrug therapy. The ability to image βG activity in patients would assist in personalized glucuronide prodrug cancer therapy. However, whole-body imaging of βG activity for medical usage is not yet available. Here, we developed a radioactive βG activity-based trapping probe for positron emission tomography (PET). We generated a (124)I-tyramine-conjugated difluoromethylphenol beta-glucuronide probe (TrapG) to form (124)I-TrapG that could be selectively activated by βG for subsequent attachment of (124)I-tyramine to nucleophilic moieties near βG-expressing sites. We estimated the specificity of a fluorescent FITC-TrapG, the cytotoxicity of tyramine-TrapG, and the serum half-life of (124)I-TrapG. βG targeting of (124)I-TrapG in vivo was examined by micro-PET. The biodistribution of (131)I-TrapG was investigated in different organs. Finally, we imaged the endogenous βG activity and assessed its correlation with therapeutic efficacy of 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide (9ACG) prodrug in native tumors. FITC-TrapG showed specific trapping at βG-expressing CT26 (CT26/mβG) cells but not in CT26 cells. The native TrapG probe possessed low cytotoxicity. (124)I-TrapG preferentially accumulated in CT26/mβG but not CT26 cells. Meanwhile, micro-PET and whole-body autoradiography results demonstrated that (124)I-TrapG signals in CT26/mβG tumors were 141.4-fold greater than in CT26 tumors. Importantly, Colo205 xenografts in nude mice that express elevated endogenous βG can be monitored by using infrared glucuronide trapping probes (NIR-TrapG) and suppressed by 9ACG prodrug treatment. (124)I-TrapG exhibited low cytotoxicity allowing long-term monitoring of βG activity in vivo to aid in the optimization of prodrug targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Wang DE, Zhang Y, Li T, Tu Q, Wang J. Self-immolative trigger-initiated polydiacetylene probe for β-glucuronidase activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new probe for β-glucuronidase based on the colorimetric and fluorescent responses of polydiacetylene liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-En Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Li
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Qin Tu
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Colleges of Science and Veterinary Medicine
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling, P. R. China
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11
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Chen SH, Kuo YT, Cheng TL, Chen CY, Chiu YY, Lai JJ, Chang CC, Jaw TS, Wang YM, Liu GC. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mice liver tumors using a new gadolinium-based contrast agent. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013; 29:246-53. [PMID: 23639510 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the enhancement effect between a newly synthesized tissue-specific contrast agent, [Gd-DOTA-FPβG], and a commercially available agent, [Gd(DOTA)](-), in a murine model of liver tumor using a clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The colon cancer cell lines with and without β-glucuronidase (βG) expression were implanted into the liver of mice. Self-synthesized gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agent, [Gd(DOTA-FPβG)], was administered to measure enhancement on magnetic resonance images using a commercially available agent, [Gd(DOTA)](-), as control in a clinical 3.0 tesla (T) magnetic resonance scanner. In vivo fluorescence imaging and histopathology of the liver were also performed to compare and correlate with the magnetic resonance studies. The in vivo fluorescence imaging failed to depict a sufficiently intense signal for liver or liver tumor of mice without exposure of the liver following an incision on the abdominal wall. The tissue-specific magnetic resonance agent, [Gd(DOTA-FPβG)], caused significantly stronger enhancement in tumors expressing βG (CT26/mβG-eB7) than in tumors not expressing βG (CT26) (p < 0.05). In the magnetic resonance imaging studies using control agent [Gd(DOTA)](-), the tumors with and without βG expression depicted no significant difference in enhancement on the T1-weighted images. The [Gd(DOTA-FPβG)] also provided significantly more contrast uptake in the CT26/mβG-eB7 tumor than in the normal liver parenchyma, whereas the [Gd(DOTA)](-) did not. This study confirms that better contrast enhancement can be readily detected in vivo by the use of a tissue-specific magnetic resonance contrast agent to target tumor cells with specific biomarkers in a clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Expression of β-glucuronidase on the surface of bacteria enhances activation of glucuronide prodrugs. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:276-81. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Chen SH, Kuo YT, Singh G, Cheng TL, Su YZ, Wang TP, Chiu YY, Lai JJ, Chang CC, Jaw TS, Tzou SC, Liu GC, Wang YM. Development of a Gd(III)-based receptor-induced magnetization enhancement (RIME) contrast agent for β-glucuronidase activity profiling. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12426-35. [PMID: 23116118 DOI: 10.1021/ic301827p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase is a key lysosomal enzyme and is often overexpressed in necrotic tumor masses. We report here the synthesis of a pro receptor-induced magnetization enhancement (pro-RIME) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent ([Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)]) for molecular imaging of β-glucuronidase activity in tumor tissues. The contrast agent consists of two parts, a gadolinium complex and a β-glucuronidase substrate (β-d-glucopyranuronic acid). The binding association constant (KA) of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is 7.42 × 10(2), which is significantly lower than that of a commercially available MS-325 (KA = 3.0 × 10(4)) RIME contrast agent. The low KA value of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] is due to the pendant β-d-glucopyranuronic acid moiety. Therefore, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] can be used for detection of β-glucuronidase through RIME modulation. The detail mechanism of enzymatic activation of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] was elucidated by LC-MS. The kinetics of β-glucuronidase catalyzed hydrolysis of [Eu(DOTA-FPβGu)] at pH 7.4 best fit the Miechalis-Menten kinetic mode with Km = 1.38 mM, kcat = 3.76 × 10(3), and kcat/Km = 2.72 × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). The low Km value indicates high affinity of β-glucuronidase for [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] at physiological pH. Relaxometric studies revealed that T1 relaxivity of [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] changes in response to the concentration of β-glucuronidase. Consistent with the relaxometric studies, [Gd(DOTA-FPβGu)] showed significant change in MR image signal in the presence of β-glucuronidase and HSA. In vitro and in vivo MR images demonstrated appreciable differences in signal enhancement in the cell lines and tumor xenografts in accordance to their expression levels of β-glucuronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , 100 Shih-Chuan first Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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14
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Cheng TC, Roffler SR, Tzou SC, Chuang KH, Su YC, Chuang CH, Kao CH, Chen CS, Harn IH, Liu KY, Cheng TL, Leu YL. An Activity-Based Near-Infrared Glucuronide Trapping Probe for Imaging β-Glucuronidase Expression in Deep Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3103-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209335z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Steve R. Roffler
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute
of Microbiology and
Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chuang
- Institutes
of Basic Medical
Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute
of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hong Harn
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department
of Biomedical Science
and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Leu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan,
Taiwan
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15
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Hess M, Stritzker J, Härtl B, Sturm JB, Gentschev I, Szalay AA. Bacterial glucuronidase as general marker for oncolytic virotherapy or other biological therapies. J Transl Med 2011; 9:172. [PMID: 21989091 PMCID: PMC3207905 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viral tumor therapy is an emerging field in the fight against cancer with rising numbers of clinical trials and the first clinically approved product (Adenovirus for the treatment of Head and Neck Cancer in China) in this field. Yet, until recently no general (bio)marker or reporter gene was described that could be used to evaluate successful tumor colonization and/or transgene expression in other biological therapies. Methods Here, a bacterial glucuronidase (GusA) encoded by biological therapeutics (e.g. oncolytic viruses) was used as reporter system. Results Using fluorogenic probes that were specifically activated by glucuronidase we could show 1) preferential activation in tumors, 2) renal excretion of the activated fluorescent compounds and 3) reproducible detection of GusA in the serum of oncolytic vaccinia virus treated, tumor bearing mice in several tumor models. Time course studies revealed that reliable differentiation between tumor bearing and healthy mice can be done as early as 9 days post injection of the virus. Regarding the sensitivity of the newly developed assay system, we could show that a single infected tumor cell could be reliably detected in this assay. Conclusion GusA therefore has the potential to be used as a general marker in the preclinical and clinical evaluation of (novel) biological therapies as well as being useful for the detection of rare cells such as circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hess
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Enhancement of CPT-11 antitumor activity by adenovirus-mediated expression of β-glucuronidase in tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:381-9. [PMID: 21350582 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CPT-11 is a clinically important prodrug that requires conversion into the active metabolite SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I poison, for antitumor activity. However, SN-38 is rapidly metabolized to the inactive SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G) in the liver, which reduces the amount of SN-38 available for killing cancer cells. Here, we investigated if local expression of β-glucuronidase (βG) on cancer cells to catalytically convert SN38G to SN38 could enhance the antitumor activity of CPT-11. βG was tethered on the plasma membrane of three different human cancer cell lines: human colon carcinoma (LS174T), lung adenocarcinoma (CL1-5) and bladder carcinoma (EJ). Surface β-glucuronidase-expressing cells were 20 to 80-fold more sensitive to SN-38G than the parental cells. Intravenous CPT-11 produced significantly greater suppression of CL1-5 and LS174 T tumors that expressed βG as compared with unmodified tumors. Furthermore, an adenoviral vector expressing membrane-tethered βG (Ad.βG) increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to SN-38G even at multiplicity of infections as low as 0.16, indicating bystander killing of non-transduced cancer cells. Importantly, intratumoral injection of Ad.βG significantly enhanced the in vivo antitumor activity of CPT-11 as compared with treatment with CPT-11 or Ad vectors alone. This study shows that Ad.βG has potential to boost the therapeutic index of CPT-11.
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Razgulin A, Ma N, Rao J. Strategies for in vivo imaging of enzyme activity: an overview and recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4186-216. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Chuang KH, Wang HE, Cheng TC, Tzou SC, Tseng WL, Hung WC, Tai MH, Chang TK, Roffler SR, Cheng TL. Development of a universal anti-polyethylene glycol reporter gene for noninvasive imaging of PEGylated probes. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:933-41. [PMID: 20484433 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A reporter gene can provide important information regarding the specificity and efficacy of gene or cell therapies. Although reporter genes are increasingly used in experimental and clinical studies, a highly specific yet nonimmunogenic reporter that can track genes and cells in vivo by multiple imaging technologies still awaits development. In this study, we constructed a versatile and nonimmunogenic reporter gene to noninvasively image gene expression or cell delivery by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. METHODS We cloned and expressed a membrane-anchored anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) reporter that consists of the Fab fragment of a mouse anti-PEG monoclonal antibody, AGP3, fused to the C-like extracellular-transmembrane-cytosolic domains of the mouse B7-1 receptor. Binding of PEGylated probes (PEG-NIR797 for optical imaging, PEG-superparamagnetic iron oxide for MRI, and (124)I-PEG for small-animal PET) were examined in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we compared the specificity, immunogenicity, and probe toxicity of the anti-PEG reporter with the gold standard reporter gene, type 1 herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk). Finally, we derived a humanized anti-PEG reporter and evaluated its imaging function in vivo with subcutaneous and metastatic tumor models in mice. RESULTS The cells or tumors that stably expressed anti-PEG reporters selectively accumulated various PEGylated imaging probes and could be detected by optical imaging, MRI, and small-animal PET. Importantly, the anti-PEG reporter displayed an imaging specificity comparable to the HSV-tk reporter but did not provoke immune responses or cause toxicity to the host. Furthermore, the humanized anti-PEG reporter retained high imaging specificity in vivo. CONCLUSION The highly specific and nonimmunogenic anti-PEG reporter may be paired with PEGylated probes to provide a valuable system to image gene expression or cell delivery in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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19
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Antunes IF, Haisma HJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RA, de Vries EFJ. Synthesis and Evaluation of [18F]-FEAnGA as a PET Tracer for β-Glucuronidase Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:911-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bc9004602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inês F. Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde J. Haisma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Tzou SC, Roffler S, Chuang KH, Yeh HP, Kao CH, Su YC, Cheng CM, Tseng WL, Shiea J, Harm IH, Cheng KW, Chen BM, Hwang JJ, Cheng TL, Wang HE. Micro-PET imaging of beta-glucuronidase activity by the hydrophobic conversion of a glucuronide probe. Radiology 2009; 252:754-62. [PMID: 19717754 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2523082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new glucuronide probe for micro-positron emission topography (PET) that can depict beta-glucuronidase (betaG)-expressing tumors in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS All animal experiments were preapproved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A betaG-specific probe was generated by labeling phenolphthalein glucuronide (PTH-G) with iodine 131 ((131)I) or (124)I. To test the specificity of the probe in vitro, (124)I-PTH-G was added to CT26 and betaG-expressing CT26 (CT26/betaG) cells. Mice bearing CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors (n = 6) were injected with (124)I-PTH-G and subjected to micro-PET imaging. A betaG-specific inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate was used in vitro and in vivo to ascertain the specificity of the glucuronide probes. Finally, the biodistributions of the probes were determined in selected organs after injection of (131)I-PTH-G to mice bearing CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors (n = 14). Differences in the radioactivity in CT26 and CT26/betaG tumors were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS (124)I-PTH-G was selectively converted to (124)I-PTH (phenolphthalein), which accumulated in CT26/betaG cells and tumors in vitro. The micro-PET images demonstrated enhanced activity in CT26/betaG tumors resulting from betaG-mediated conversion and trapping of the radioactive probes. Accumulation of radioactive signals was 3.6-, 3.4-, and 3.3-fold higher in the CT26/betaG tumors than in parental CT26 tumors at 1, 3, and 20 hours, respectively, after injection of the probe (for all the three time points, P < .05). CONCLUSION Hydrophilic-hydrophobic conversion of (124)I-PTH-G probe can aid in imaging of betaG-expressing tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Cherng Tzou
- Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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22
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Salehi S, Eckley L, Sawyer GJ, Zhang X, Dong X, Freund JN, Fabre JW. Intestinal Lactase as an Autologous β-Galactosidase Reporter Gene forIn VivoGene Expression Studies. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:21-30. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Salehi
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Eckley
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Greta J. Sawyer
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | | | - John W. Fabre
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Secreted and intracellular proteins including antibodies, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex molecules, antigens, and enzymes can be redirected to and anchored on the surface of mammalian cells to reveal novel functions and properties such as reducing systemic toxicity, altering the in vivo distribution of drugs and extending the range of useful drugs, creating novel, specific signaling receptors and reshaping protein immunogenicity. The present review highlights progress in designing vectors to target and retain chimeric proteins on the surface of mammalian cells. Comparison of chimeric proteins indicates that selection of the proper cytoplasmic domain and introduction of oligiosaccharides near the cell surface can dramatically enhance surface expression, especially for single-chain antibodies. We also describe progress and limitations of employing surface-tethered proteins for preferential activation of prodrugs at cancer cells, imaging gene expression in living animals, performing high-throughput screening, selectively activating immune cells in tumors, producing new adhesion molecules, creating local immune privileged sites, limiting the distribution of soluble factors such as cytokines, and enhancing polypeptide immunogenicity. Surface-anchored chimeric proteins represent a rich source for developing new techniques and creating novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Lu Cheng
- Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Fabre JW, Salehi S, Eckley L, Sawyer GJ, Zhang X, Dong X, Freund JN. INTESTINAL LACTASE AS AN AUTOLOGOUS β-GALACTOSIDASE REPORTER GENE FOR IN VIVO GENE EXPRESSION STUDIES. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Tu CF, Yan YT, Wu SY, Djoko B, Tsai MT, Cheng CJ, Yang RB. Domain and Functional Analysis of a Novel Platelet-Endothelial Cell Surface Protein, SCUBE1. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:12478-88. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705872200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Chen KC, Cheng TL, Leu YL, Prijovich ZM, Chuang CH, Chen BM, Roffler SR. Membrane-localized activation of glucuronide prodrugs by β-glucuronidase enzymes. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 14:187-200. [PMID: 16977328 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene-mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) seeks to increase the therapeutic index of anti-neoplastic agents by promoting selective activation of relatively nontoxic drug derivatives at sites of specific enzyme expression. Glucuronide prodrugs are attractive for GDEPT due to their low toxicity, bystander effect in the interstitial tumor space and the large range of possible glucuronide drug targets. In this study, we expressed human, murine and Esherichia coli beta-glucuronidase on tumor cells and examined their in vitro and in vivo efficacy for the activation of glucuronide prodrugs of 9-aminocamptothecin and p-hydroxy aniline mustard. We show that (1) fusion of beta-glucuronidase to the Ig-like C(2)-type and Ig-hinge-like domains of the B7-1 antigen followed by the B7-1 transmembrane domain anchored high levels of active murine and human beta-glucuronidase on cells, (2) strong bystander killing of tumor cells was achieved in vitro by murine beta-glucuronidase activation of prodrug, (3) potent in vivo anti-tumor activity was achieved by prodrug treatment of tumors that expressed murine beta-glucuronidase and (4) the p-hydroxy aniline prodrug was more effective in vivo than the 9-aminocamptothecin prodrug. Our results demonstrate that surface expression of murine beta-glucuronidase for activation of a glucuronide prodrug of p-hydroxy aniline mustard may be useful for more selective therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-C Chen
- Division of Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Section 2 Academia Road No. 128, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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