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Ziglioli F, Patera A, Isgrò G, Campobasso D, Guarino G, Maestroni U. Impact of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for prostate cancer prevention: a review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203791. [PMID: 37746271 PMCID: PMC10515617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers among men, the impact of modifiable risk and protective factors is still being debated. This review aims to qualitatively summarize the most recent studies related to potential healthy lifestyle factors affecting the development of PCa. Methods for data acquisition The literature focusing on modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer was reviewed. Medline and Embase via the Ovid database were searched, and all relevant and inherent articles were analyzed. Non-eligible publications, such as review articles, editorials, comments, guidelines, or case reports, were excluded. Synthesis of the evidence obtained from data analysis This review confirms that there is strong evidence that being overweight or obese increases the risk of advanced prostate cancer (assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio), particularly considering central adiposity and ethnicity as contributing factors. The possible contribution of smoking still seems not entirely clear, while alcohol seems to affect PCa prevention in patients taking 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). Dietary fibers may have anti-inflammatory properties and improve insulin sensitivity by reducing IGF bioactivity. In particular, dietary fiber intake like insoluble and legume fibers may be inversely associated with prostate cancer risk. Also, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, with untreated diabetic fasting blood glucose levels, could be modifiable prostate cancer risk factors. In two studies, aspirin was associated with a lower risk of lethal PCa and overall mortality. Concerning the role of vitamins, despite conflicting and divergent results, serum retinol concentration seems to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and high-grade prostate cancer. Some studies resulted in disagreement about the role of selenium and vitamin E. We found inconsistent and controversial findings about the association between vitamin D and prostate cancer risk. Conclusion Far from being conclusive evidence, our findings confirm some strong evidence already found in the previous literature and highlight the need to clarify the role of some risk factors whose role is not yet completely known. This effort would facilitate the cultural and social change that may allow the shift from the treatment of prostate cancer when diagnosed to the real efforts needed for systematic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Patera
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Isgrò
- Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulio Guarino
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Hasegawa M, Akter S, Hu H, Kashino I, Kuwahara K, Okazaki H, Sasaki N, Ogasawara T, Eguchi M, Kochi T, Miyamoto T, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Murakami T, Shimizu M, Uehara A, Yamamoto M, Imai T, Nishihara A, Tomita K, Nagahama S, Hori A, Konishi M, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Kunugita N, Dohi S. Five-year cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, and longitudinal change in body mass index in Japanese workers: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12095. [PMID: 31677232 PMCID: PMC6970396 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to estimate cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity and describe 5-year longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) in a large occupational cohort in Japan. METHODS Participants were 55 229 Japanese employees, who were aged 20-59 years and attended at all subsequent annual health check-ups between 2009 and 2014. Mixed model analysis was performed to examine the effects of age and cohort by gender on BMI change, with age as a random variable. Cumulative incidence of overweight (23.0≤ BMI <27.5 kg/m2 ) and obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 ) was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for the incidence of overweight and obesity according to age group. RESULTS The incidence of overweight and obesity was approximately double in men (28.3% and 6.7%, respectively) compared to women (14.3% and 3.9%, respectively).The incidence of obesity decreased with age in men, but did not differ according to age in women (P for trend: .02 and .89, respectively). Among overweight participants, the incidence of obesity was higher in women (18.9%) than men (14.5%) and decreased with advancing age (P for trend: <.001 in men and .003 in women). Mean BMI was higher in men than women in all age groups throughout the period. Younger cohorts tended to have a higher BMI change compared with older cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In this Japanese occupational cohort, transition from overweight to obesity is higher in women than men, and the more recent cohorts had a higher change in mean BMI than the older cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Hasegawa
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public HealthTokyoJapan
| | | | - Naoko Sasaki
- Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus CorporationKanagawaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taizo Murakami
- Mizue Medical ClinicKeihin Occupational Health CenterKanagawaJapan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Mizue Medical ClinicKeihin Occupational Health CenterKanagawaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public HealthUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionCenter for Clinical SciencesNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
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Isaman DJM, Rothberg AE. Weight Mobility and Obesity in a Representative Sample of the US Adult Population. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4561213. [PMID: 29983711 PMCID: PMC6015688 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4561213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the attention given to the prevalence of obesity, surprisingly little is known about the incidence or reduction of obesity. We report the 1-year incidence and remission of obesity in a representative sample of the US population. METHODS Individuals from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) panel 17 were classified into standard obesity categories at enrollment and one year later. Incidence rates were calculated by age. RESULTS Although the overall prevalence of obesity remained nearly constant, remission rates from obesity (stratified by age) ranged from 11 to 27% while incidence rates ranged from 6 to 16%. For almost all age levels, the proportion of individuals leaving an obese or overweight state was greater than or equal to the proportion who progressed to a more severe level of overweight or obesity. Overall, 36% of adults lost at least 2.5 kg/m2 in the one-year period; only 8% gained 2.5 kg/m2 or more. Individuals less than 25 years of age had higher rates of leaving overweight (23% versus <16%) and obesity (27% versus 24%) classifications than people of other ages. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of obesity are well documented in the United States, but incidence is understudied. Public health efforts that target young people with overweight or obesity may yield the greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E. Rothberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Hosseinpanah F, Mirbolouk M, Mossadeghkhah A, Barzin M, Serahati S, Delshad H, Azizi F. Incidence and potential risk factors of obesity among Tehranian adults. Prev Med 2016; 82:99-104. [PMID: 26592692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evaluating the incidence of obesity and its risk factors among Tehranian adults. MATERIAL & METHODS In this population-based cohort, non-obese participants, aged ≥20years, were followed for development of obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30). Incidence density and cumulative incidence rates of obesity were calculated for each sex. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the association of potential obesity risk factors including: age, BMI, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference (WC), smoking, marital status, education, and physical activity. RESULT A total of 7257 participants (3536 men) were followed for a median of 8years. At baseline, mean age, BMI and WC were 41.3±14.6years, 25.1±2.9kg/m(2) (24.9±3kg/m(2) men and 25.2±3kg/m(2) women), and 84.8±9.8cm (87.06±9.2cm men and 82.6±9.9cm women) respectively. During the follow-up, 1345 participants (876 women) developed obesity contributing to cumulative incidences of 31.3% (CI: 29.9%-32.7%), 38.1% (CI: 36.2%-40.1%), and 23.4% (CI: 21.6%-25.3%) for the whole population, women, and men, respectively. Corresponding incidence density rates per 1000 person-year were 25.9 (CI: 24.5-27.3), 33.67 (CI: 31.5-36.0), and 18.0 (CI: 16.5-19.7), respectively. Highest incidence rates were observed during their 40s and 20s for women and men, respectively. Participants with metabolic syndrome, lower educational level, higher BMI and WC, were at higher risk of obesity development in both sexes. CONCLUSION High incidence of obesity was observed among Tehranian adults with higher incidence of obesity in women. Different modifiable variables may act as risk factors for obesity development which should be targeted to control the epidemic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mossadeghkhah
- Endocrinology department, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Serahati
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Delshad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Emtage JB, Poch MA, Hutton MT, Emtage JB. Prostate cancer trends in Barbados: An analysis of the Barbados Urologic Diseases Survey database. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:825-30. [PMID: 26651441 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the burden and trend of prostate cancer (CaP) in the Caribbean island of Barbados. METHODS All urologic pathology reports in Barbados between 1990 and 2009 were entered into the Barbados Urologic Diseases Survey (BUDS) database. All new cases of CaP were identified and the database was used to assess trends in CaP epidemiology over the study period. RESULTS 3066 new cases of CaP were identified between 1990 and 2009. The world age-standardized rate increased steadily from 71.8 (95% CI 57.8-88.4) per 100,000 in 1990 to 112.4 (95% CI 94.0-133.7) per 100,000 in 2009, with a peak rate of 148.9 (95% CI 127.0-172.8) in 2004. The cumulative risk up to 74 years of age also increased from 11.1% in 1990 to 23.8% in 2009 with a peak of 29.9% in 2004. The mean age at diagnosis decreased from 73.1 years in 1990 to a nadir of 66.2 years in 2009. The rate of high-grade cancer (Gleason score ≥ 8) and intermediate-grade cancer (Gleason score=7) at presentation rose between 2000 and 2009 while the rate of low-grade cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Barbados suffers an unusually high burden of CaP with a trend towards more aggressive disease over the last decade. The results are important as they highlight the utility of the BUDS initiative in epidemiologic evaluation, but should be looked at cautiously due to a lack of specific details regarding screening practices in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Emtage
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Michael A Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jerry B Emtage
- School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados
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Sobers-Grannum N, Murphy MM, Nielsen A, Guell C, Samuels TA, Bishop L, Unwin N. Female gender is a social determinant of diabetes in the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126799. [PMID: 25996933 PMCID: PMC4440736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes (DM) is estimated to affect 10–15% of the adult population in the Caribbean. Preventive efforts require population wide measures to address its social determinants. We undertook a systematic review to determine current knowledge about the social distribution of diabetes, its risk factors and major complications in the Caribbean. This paper describes our findings on the distribution by gender. Methods We searched Medline, Embase and five databases through the Virtual Health Library, for Caribbean studies published between 2007 and 2013 that described the distribution by gender for: known risk factors for Type 2 DM, prevalence of DM, and DM control or complications. PRISMA guidance on reporting systematic reviews on health equity was followed. Only quantitative studies (n>50) were included; each was assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed, where appropriate, on studies with a low or medium risk of bias, using random effects models. Results We found 50 articles from 27 studies, yielding 118 relationships between gender and the outcomes. Women were more likely to have DM, obesity, be less physically active but less likely to smoke. In meta-analyses of good quality population-based studies odds ratios for women vs. men for DM, obesity and smoking were: 1.65 (95% CI 1.43, 1.91), 3.10 (2.43, 3.94), and 0.24 (0.17, 0.34). Three studies found men more likely to have better glycaemic control but only one achieved statistical significance. Conclusion and Implications Female gender is a determinant of DM prevalence in the Caribbean. In the vast majority of world regions women are at a similar or lower risk of type 2 diabetes than men, even when obesity is higher in women. Caribbean female excess of diabetes may be due to a much greater excess of risk factors in women, especially obesity. These findings have major implications for preventive policies and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhuvanti M Murphy
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Anders Nielsen
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Cornelia Guell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados; MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Alafia Samuels
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Lisa Bishop
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Nigel Unwin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados; MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Chronic Disease Research Centre, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
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Nemesure B, Wu SY, Hennis A, Leske MC. Central adiposity and Prostate Cancer in a Black Population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:851-8. [PMID: 22402288 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between central adiposity and prostate cancer remains unclear. METHODS This report includes 963 newly diagnosed cases of histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 941 randomly selected age-matched controls ascertained from the population-based Prostate Cancer in a Black Population study conducted between July 2002 and January 2011 in Barbados, West Indies. Trained nurse interviewers obtained data on height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, family and medical history, and lifestyle factors. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess associations between anthropometric measures and prostate cancer. RESULTS A two-fold increased risk of prostate cancer was found among men in the highest quartile of waist-hip ratio compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.54-2.88). Similarly, men with the largest waist circumferences had an OR of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.19-2.85) compared with those with the smallest waist sizes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that measures of central rather than global adiposity may be more predictive of prostate cancer, especially in westernized African populations, where patterns of visceral fat distribution are different than other groups. IMPACT The findings highlight the need to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between central adiposity and prostate cancer in populations of predominantly African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Pan L, Freedman DS, Gillespie C, Park S, Sherry B. Incidences of obesity and extreme obesity among US adults: findings from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Popul Health Metr 2011; 9:56. [PMID: 22004984 PMCID: PMC3217879 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-9-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No recent national studies have provided incidence data for obesity, nor have they examined the association between incidence and selected risk factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2) among US adults and to determine variations across socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors. METHODS We used a weighted sample of 401,587 US adults from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Incidence calculations were based on respondent's height and current and previous weights. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between incidence and selected socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral factors. RESULTS The overall crude incidences of obesity and extreme obesity in 2009 were 4% and 0.7% per year, respectively. In our multivariable analyses that controlled for baseline body mass index, the incidences of obesity and extreme obesity decreased significantly with increasing levels of education. Incidences were significantly higher among young adults, women, and adults who did not participate in any leisure-time physical activity. Incidence was lowest among non-Hispanic whites. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of obesity underscores the importance of implementing effective policy and environmental strategies in the general population. Given the significant variations in incidence within the subgroups, public health officials should prioritize younger adults, women, minorities, and adults with lower education as the targets for these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pan
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David S Freedman
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cathleen Gillespie
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bettylou Sherry
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Camões M, Lopes C, Oliveira A, Santos AC, Barros H. Overall and central obesity incidence in an urban Portuguese population. Prev Med 2010; 50:50-5. [PMID: 19945478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide overall and central obesity incidence estimates by gender, age and educational level in an urban Portuguese population. METHODS As part of the EPIPorto study, 1,621 Porto, Portugal adult residents were evaluated in 1999-2003 and 2005-2008. Overall obesity was defined by a BMI > or = 30.0 kg/m(2) and central obesity by a WC >88.0 cm in women and >102.0 cm in men. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using Poisson regression. Survival analysis was also performed. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rates/100 person-years of overall and central obesity were, respectively, 1.70, 95% CI: 1.34-2.19 and 5.97, 95% CI: 5.09-7.03 in women; 1.08, 95% CI: 0.73-1.64 and 2.38, 95% CI: 1.81-3.20 in men. In multivariate analysis, older women presented a higher risk of overall obesity. Moreover, a significant inverse association was found between obesity and education in women (>11 vs. <5 years: RR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.84, for overall obesity; RR=0.45 95% CI: 0.29-0.69, for central obesity). For overall obesity, 10.1% of women and 5.1% of men became obese during the 5-year study period. Higher proportions were observed regarding central obesity, 29.1% and 11.4% for women and men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Over time, individuals developed central obesity faster than overall obesity. Our results support that increasing levels of education limit this ongoing development of obesity, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Camões
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Ortiz-Moncada R, García M, González-Zapata LI, Fernandez E, Alvarez-Dardet C. Incidence of overweight and obesity in a Mediterranean population-based cohort: the Cornellà Health Interview Survey Follow-up Study (CHIS.FU). Prev Med 2010; 50:45-9. [PMID: 19944714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes in body mass index (BMI) in a population-based cohort and their relationship with sociodemographic variables in a Mediterranean-country. METHOD A prospective population-based cohort with 8-year follow-up. The data used derive from the Cornellà-Health-Interview Survey Follow-up (CHIS.FU). 1008 people aged > or = 20 years (females=508; males=500) were interviewed in 1994 and in 2002, providing self-reported weight and height data. The BMI was compared using the Wilcoxon test for paired data. Changes in the BMI were calculated and their relationship with sociodemographic-variables and lifestyles using multivariate Breslow-Cox regression. RESULTS 28.1% of participants had changed from normal-BMI in 1994 to overweight in 2002 (women=25.6%; men=31.6%). 16.8% increased from overweight to obesity (women=25.8%; men=11.2%). The cumulative incidence of overweight: women=26.4%; men=34.0%. The cumulative incidence of obesity: women=29.9%; men=13.1%. The cumulative age and sex-adjusted incidence of overweight showed a significant relationship with marital-status (married: RR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.4, divorced/widowed: RR=4.0; 95% CI: 1.7-9.3) and moderate alcohol-consumption (RR=1.86; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). We observed a decreased age-adjusted risk in the incidence of obesity for men (RR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSION The observed changes in the increase in the incidence of obesity and overweight indicated a similar evolution in the obesity epidemic regardless of Mediterranean dietary patterns in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
- Public Policy and Health Observatory, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Nemesure B, Wu SY, Hambleton IR, Leske MC, Hennis AJ. Risk factors for breast cancer in a black population--the Barbados National Cancer Study. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:174-9. [PMID: 18814239 PMCID: PMC2659620 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Barbados National Cancer Study (BNCS) is a nationwide case-control study investigating environmental and genetic factors for breast cancer (BC) in a predominantly African-origin population with similar ancestry as African-Americans. This report evaluates associations of incident BC in the BNCS to various factors, including demographic, anthropometric, reproductive and family history variables, not investigated previously in this population. The BNCS included 241 incident BC cases and 481 age-matched female controls, with mean ages of 57 and 56 years, respectively. In addition to a reported family history of BC in a close relative [odds ratios (OR) = 3.74, 95% CI (1.41, 9.90) in a parent; OR = 3.26 (1.47, 7.21) in a sibling], other factors associated with BC were older age at first full-term pregnancy [OR = 1.04 (1.00, 1.07)] and having a history of benign breast disease [OR = 1.88 (1.19, 2.99)]. Increased parity reduced the risk of BC [OR = 0.34 (0.15, 0.77) among those with >or=3 children]. The reproductive patterns of African-Barbadian (AB) women tended to differ from those of African-American (AA) women (later age of menarche, earlier age at first pregnancy, higher frequency of lactation and infrequent use of exogenous hormones) and could help to explain their considerably lower postmenopausal incidence of BC. The relationship between reported family history and BC, combined with the associations noted for several reproductive and other variables, supports the genetic and environmental contributions to BC, which may vary in populations across the African diaspora. Further investigations of other populations may clarify these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036, USA.
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