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Motawea KR, Elhalag RH, Rouzan SS, Talat NE, Reyad SM, Chébl P, Mohamed MS, Shah J. Cyclophilin C as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Coronary Artery Diseases. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101812. [PMID: 37209796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the value of Cyclophilin C as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in Coronary Artery Disease. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane library databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were any randomized control trials or controlled observational studies that measured the levels of Cyclophilin C in Coronary Artery disease patients and healthy controls. We excluded case reports, case series, reviews, editorials and animal studies. After search of the literature, 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total number of 454 individuals included in the study. The pooled analysis showed a significant association between CAD group and increased levels of Cyclophilin C (MD = 28.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 19.28-38.60, P-value < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association between acute and chronic CAD group with increased levels of cyclophilin c compared with the control group (MD = 35.98, 95% CI = 19.84-52.11, P-value < 0.0001) and (MD = 26.36, 95% CI = 21.87 to 30.85, P-value < 0.00001), respectively. The pooled effect estimate showed that the ROC area for the cyclophillin c as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD was (ROC= 0.880, 95% CI =0.844-0.917, P-value < 0.001). Our study revealed a significant association between acute and chronic coronary artery disease with increased levels of Cyclophilin C. Cyclophilin C could be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in acute and chronic CAD. More research is warranted to support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam R Motawea
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rowan H Elhalag
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samah S Rouzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Sarraa M Reyad
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pensée Chébl
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alvariño R, Pérez-Fuentes N, Bayón-Lorenzo J, Alonso E, Ocaranza-Sánchez R, Abellás-Sequeiros RA, Santás-Álvarez M, Vieytes MR, Juanatey-González C, Botana LM. Association of cyclophilins and cardiovascular risk factors in coronary artery disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1127468. [PMID: 36935755 PMCID: PMC10014534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1127468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are chaperone proteins that play important roles in signal transduction. Among them, cyclophilins A, B, C, and D were widely associated with inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Cyclophilins A and C have been proposed as coronary artery disease biomarkers. However, less is known about their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between cyclophilin A, B, C, and D and cardiovascular risk factors in coronary artery disease. Serum levels of cyclophilins were measured in 167 subjects (subdivided according to cardiovascular risk factors presence). This study reveals that cyclophilin A and C are elevated in patients regardless of the risk factors presence. Moreover, cyclophilin B is elevated in male patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or high glucose levels. In addition, cyclophilins A, B, and C were significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk factors, but only cyclophilin B was associated with type 2 diabetes. The multivariate analysis strengthens the predictive value for coronary artery disease presence of cyclophilin A (>8.2 ng/mL) and cyclophilin C (>17.5 pg/mL) along with the cardiovascular risk factors tobacco, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and high glucose and cholesterol levels. Moreover, the risk of coronary artery disease is increased in presence of cyclophilin B levels above 63.26 pg/mL and with hypertension or dyslipidemia in male patients. Consequently, cyclophilins A and C serum levels are reinforced as useful coronary artery disease biomarkers, meanwhile, cyclophilin B is a valuable biomarker in the male population when patients are also suffering from hypertension or dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Amparo Alfonso,
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
| | - Nadia Pérez-Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jeremías Bayón-Lorenzo
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Lugo, Spain
| | - Raymundo Ocaranza-Sánchez
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosa Alba Abellás-Sequeiros
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Melisa Santás-Álvarez
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Juanatey-González
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Grupo Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, Lugo, Spain
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3
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Amelung L, Zupanc GKH. Proteomic characterization of spontaneously regrowing spinal cord following injury in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a regeneration-competent vertebrate. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:671-706. [PMID: 36445471 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, spontaneous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is severely limited. By contrast, teleost fish successfully regenerate injured axons and produce new neurons from adult neural stem cells after SCI. The molecular mechanisms underlying this high regenerative capacity are largely unknown. The present study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of proteome changes in response to SCI in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) was combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to collect data during early (1 day), mid (10 days), and late (30 days) phases of regeneration following caudal amputation SCI. Forty-two unique proteins with significant differences in abundance between injured and intact control samples were identified. Correlation analysis uncovered six clusters of spots with similar expression patterns over time and strong conditional dependences, typically within functional families or between isoforms. Significantly regulated proteins were associated with axon development and regeneration; proliferation and morphogenesis; neuronal differentiation and re-establishment of neural connections; promotion of neuroprotection, redox homeostasis, and membrane repair; and metabolism or energy supply. Notably, at all three time points examined, significant regulation of proteins involved in inflammatory responses was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Amelung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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4
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Chen C, Wen M, Jin Y. 1DE-MS Profiling for Proteoform-Correlated Proteomic Analysis, by Combining SDS-PAGE, Whole-Gel Slicing, Quantitative LC-MS/MS, and Reconstruction of Gel Distributions of Several Thousands of Proteins. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2311-2330. [PMID: 36018058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SDS-PAGE has often been used in proteomic analysis, but generally for sample prefractionation although the technique separates proteins by molecular masses (Mws) and the information would contribute to proteoform-level analysis. Here, we report a method that combines SDS-PAGE, whole-gel slicing, and quantitative LC-MS/MS for establishing gel distributions of several thousand proteins in a proteome. A previously obtained data set on rat cerebral cortex with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury1 was analyzed, and the gel distributions of 5906 proteins were reconstructed. These distributions, referred to as 1DE-MS profiles, revealed that about 30% of the proteins had more than one proteoform detected in the gels. The profiles were categorized into six types by distribution (narrow, dispersed, or broad) and relative deviations between the abundance-peak apparent Mws and calculated Mws. Only 56% of the proteins showed narrow distributions and matched Mws, while the others had rather complex profiles. Bioinformatic analysis on example profiles showed the resolved proteoforms involved alternative splicing, proteolytic processing, glycosylation and ubiquitination, fragmentation, and probably transmembrane structures. Profile-based differential analysis revealed that many of the disease-caused changes were proteoform dependent. This work provided a proteome-scale view of protein distributions in SDS-PAGE gels, and the method would be useful to obtain proteoform-correlated information for in-depth proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Wen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya Jin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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5
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Alvariño R, Alfonso A, Pech-Puch D, Gegunde S, Rodríguez J, Vieytes MR, Jiménez C, Botana LM. Furanoditerpenes from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Display Mitochondrial-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects by Targeting Cyclophilin D. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2449-2463. [PMID: 35901231 PMCID: PMC9686139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective properties of five previously described furanoditerpenes 1-5, isolated from Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera, were evaluated in an in vitro oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y cells. Dose-response treatments revealed that 1-5 improved cell survival at nanomolar concentrations through the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential and the reduction of reactive oxygen species. Their ability to prevent the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening was also assessed, finding that 4 and 5 inhibited the channel at 0.001 μM. This inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of cyclophilin D, the main regulator of the pore, which was also reduced by 1 and 2. However, the activation of ERK and GSK3β, upstream modulators of the channel, was not affected by compounds. Therefore, their ability to bind cyclophilin D was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance, observing that 2-5 presented equilibrium dissociation constants in the micromolar range. All compounds also showed affinity for cyclophilin A, being 1 selective toward this isoform, while 2 and 5 exhibited selectivity for cyclophilin D. When the effects on the intracellular expression of cyclophilins A-C were determined, it was found that only 1 decreased cyclophilin A, while cyclophilins B and C were diminished by most compounds, displaying enhanced effects under oxidative stress conditions. Results indicate that furanoditerpenes 1-5 have mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotective properties through direct interaction with cyclophilin D. Due to the important role of this protein in oxidative stress and inflammation, compounds are promising drugs for new therapeutic strategies against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Dawrin Pech-Puch
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain,Departamento
de Biología Marina, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y
Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Fundación
Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Santiago de Compostela
(FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro
de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento
de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain,. Phone/Fax: +34881012170
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain,Grupo
Investigación Biodiscovery, IDIS, 27002 Lugo, Spain,. Phone/Fax: +34982822233
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7
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Paiva RS, Ramos CV, Azenha SR, Alves C, Basto AP, Graca L, Martins VC. Peptidylprolyl isomerase C (Ppic) regulates invariant Natural Killer T cell (iNKT) differentiation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1968-1979. [PMID: 33864384 PMCID: PMC8453708 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase C (Ppic) is expressed in several bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors and in T‐cell precursors. Since the expression profile of Ppic in the hematoimmune system was suggestive that it could play a role in hematopoiesis and/or T lymphocyte differentiation, we sought to test that hypothesis in vivo. Specifically, we generated a Ppic‐deficient mouse model by targeting the endogenous locus by CRISPR/Cas9 and tested the requirement of Ppic in hematopoiesis. Several immune cell lineages covering BM progenitors, lymphocyte precursors, as well as mature cells at the periphery were analyzed. While most lineages were unaffected, invariant NKT (iNKT) cells were reduced in percentage and absolute cell numbers in the Ppic‐deficient thymus. This affected the most mature stages in the thymus, S2 and S3, and the phenotype was maintained at the periphery. Additionally, immature transitional T1 and T2 B lymphocytes were increased in the Ppic‐deficient spleen, but the phenotype was lost in mature B lymphocytes. In sum, our data show that Ppic is dispensable for myeloid cells, platelets, erythrocytes, αβ, and γδ T lymphocytes in vivo in the steady state, while being involved in B‐ and iNKT cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S Paiva
- Lymphocyte Development and Leukemogenesis Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Camila V Ramos
- Lymphocyte Development and Leukemogenesis Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara R Azenha
- Lymphocyte Development and Leukemogenesis Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carolina Alves
- Lymphocyte Development and Leukemogenesis Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Afonso P Basto
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vera C Martins
- Lymphocyte Development and Leukemogenesis Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alvariño R, Alonso E, González-Juanatey C, Botana LM. Crosstalk between cyclophilins and T lymphocytes in coronary artery disease. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112514. [PMID: 33582093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis are currently some of the most widespread diseases of our time. Within cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease and underlying atherosclerosis were recently linked with systemic and local inflammation. Cyclophilins participate in the initiation and progression of these inflammatory-related diseases. Cyclophilins are released into the extracellular space upon inflammatory stimuli and participate in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. The cell surface receptor for extracellular cyclophilins, the CD147 receptor, also contributes to coronary artery disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of cyclophilin's family and their receptor in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. The present study aimed to better understand the role of cyclophilins in cardiovascular artery disease and their relationship with inflammation. Hence, cyclophilins and pro-inflammatory interleukins were measured in the serum of 30 subjects (divided into three groups according to coronary artery disease status: 10 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 10 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, and 10 control volunteers). In addition, cyclophilin levels and CD147 receptor expression were measured in T lymphocytes purified from these subjects. Cyclophilin A, B, and C, pro-inflammatory interleukins, and CD147 membrane expression were significantly elevated in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Juanatey
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, 27004, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
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9
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Alfonso A, Bayón J, Gegunde S, Alonso E, Alvariño R, Santás-Álvarez M, Testa-Fernández A, Rios-Vázquez R, González-Juanatey C, Botana LM. High Serum Cyclophilin C levels as a risk factor marker for Coronary Artery Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10576. [PMID: 31332225 PMCID: PMC6646393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) are ubiquitous proteins that belong to the immunophilins family consistently associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. While levels of CypA have been extensively studied, less data are available for other Cyps. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the relationship of Cyps (A, B, C and D) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and eight inflammation markers. Serum levels of Cyps, interleukins and metalloproteinases were measured in serum collected from 84 subjects. Participants were divided into two sub-groups based on CAD diagnosis: 40 CAD patients and 44 control volunteers. Serum levels of CypA, CypB and CypC, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in CAD patients. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between Cyps and several blood and biochemical parameters. When the ability of Cyps levels for CAD diagnosis was evaluated, higher sensitivity and selectivity values were obtained with CypC (c-statistic 0.891, p < 0.001) indicating that it is a good marker of CAD disease, while less conclusive results were obtained with CypA (c-statistic 0.748, p < 0.001) and CypB (c-statistic 0.655, p < 0.014). In addition, significant correlations of traditional CAD risk factors and CypC were observed. In summary, high levels of CypC are a risk factor for CAD and therefore it can be proposed as a new biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Alfonso
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Jeremías Bayón
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Ana Testa-Fernández
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ramón Rios-Vázquez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Botana
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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10
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PPIC, EMP3 and CHI3L1 Are Novel Prognostic Markers for High Grade Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111808. [PMID: 27801851 PMCID: PMC5133809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment methods for patients diagnosed with gliomas have shown limited success. This is partly due to the lack of prognostic genes available to accurately predict disease outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate novel prognostic genes based on the molecular profile of tumor samples and their correlation with clinical parameters. In the current study, microarray data (GSE4412 and GSE7696) downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus were used to identify differentially expressed prognostic genes (DEPGs) by significant analysis of microarray (SAM) between long-term survivors (>2 years) and short-term survivors (≤2 years). DEPGs generated from these two datasets were intersected to obtain a list of common DEPGs. The expression of a subset of common DEPGs was then independently validated by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qPCR). Survival value of the common DEPGs was validated using known survival data from the GSE4412 and TCGA dataset. After intersecting DEPGs generated from the above two datasets, three genes were identified which may potentially be used to determine glioma patient prognosis. Independent validation with glioma patients tissue (n = 70) and normal brain tissue (n = 19) found PPIC, EMP3 and CHI3L1 were up-regulated in glioma tissue. Survival value validation showed that the three genes correlated with patient survival by Kaplan-Meir analysis, including grades, age and therapy.
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11
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12
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Alekseeva OS, Gusel’nikova VV, Beznin GV, Korzhevskii DE. Prospects for the application of neun nuclear protein as a marker of the functional state of nerve cells in vertebrates. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Zanobini M, Capogrossi MC, Pompilio G, Nigro P. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases: a full cast of critical actors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:353-64. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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14
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Cyclophilin C-associated protein regulation of phagocytic functions via NFAT activation in macrophages. Brain Res 2011; 1397:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kong W, Lin BW, Li S, Longaker MT, Lorenz HP. Cyclophilin C-associated protein/Mac-2 binding protein colocalizes with calnexin and regulates the expression of tissue transglutaminase. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:151-7. [PMID: 20049854 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin C-associated protein (CyCAP) or Mac-2 binding protein has been identified as a binding protein for cyclophilin C in mice and for Mac-2 (galectin-3) in human, suggesting its multiple binding activity to proteins. In the present study, using specific anti-rat-CyCAP antibody, we found that CyCAP colocalizes with calnexin at the location near the nuclear envelope, however CyCAP does not have colocalization with calreticulin. In senescent fibroblasts and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) treated fibroblasts, both calnexin and CyCAP form larger polymers and are released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the cellular membrane to the extracellular area. Immunoprecipitation studies further confirm that the release of calnexin is through binding to CyCAP. Further, we found that tissue transglutaminase (tTG) protein is decreased, however not at the RNA level, in CyCAP null fibroblasts, which suggests that CyCAP is involved in tTG post-translational modification. Our data give novel evidence that CyCAP regulates the post-translational modification of tTG through its colocalization with calnexin in ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Kong
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5148, USA.
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16
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Nakamura M, Imai H, Konno K, Kubota C, Seki K, Puentes S, Faried A, Yokoo H, Hata H, Yoshimoto Y, Saito N. Experimental investigation of encephalomyosynangiosis using gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: histopathological evaluation of dynamic reconstruction of vessels for functional anastomosis. Laboratory investigation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2009; 3:488-95. [PMID: 19485733 DOI: 10.3171/2008.6.peds0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) is a surgical treatment for moyamoya disease that is widely used to provide increased intracranial blood flow via revascularization by arterial anastomosis from the external carotid artery. However, the angiogenic mechanism responsible for the revascularization induced by EMS has not been systematically evaluated. In this study the authors investigated the chronological angiogenic changes associated with EMS to clarify the favorable factors and identify revascularization mechanisms by using an experimental internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) model in the miniature pig. METHODS Fourteen miniature pigs were used, 11 of which underwent ICAO before transcranial surgery for EMS was performed. Animals were allowed to recover for 1 week (4 pigs) or 4 weeks (7 pigs) after EMS. Control group animals were treated in the same way, but without occlusion (3 pigs). Magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, and histological investigation were performed. RESULTS One week after EMS, on histological examination of both the ICAO and control groups it was found that the transplanted temporal muscle had adhered to the arachnoid via a granulation zone, which was enriched with immune cells such as macrophages associated with the angiogenic process. Four weeks after EMS, angiography and histological examination of the ICAO group showed patent anastomoses between the external carotid artery and the cortical arteries without any detectable boundary between the temporal muscle and the cerebral cortex. In contrast, histological examination of the control group found scar tissue between the cerebral cortex and temporal muscle. CONCLUSIONS The initial step for formation of anastomoses resembles the process of wound healing associated with repair processes such as active proliferation of macrophages and angiogenesis within the new connective tissue. Functional revascularization requires a suitable environment (such as tissue containing vascular beds) and stimulus (such as ischemia) to induce vascular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Becker R, Lenter MC, Vollkommer T, Boos AM, Pfaff D, Augustin HG, Christian S. Tumor stroma marker endosialin (Tem1) is a binding partner of metastasis-related protein Mac-2 BP/90K. FASEB J 2008; 22:3059-67. [PMID: 18490383 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor development involves complex bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and host stromal cells. Endosialin (Tem1) has been identified as a highly O-glycosylated transmembrane glycoprotein, which is specifically expressed by tumor vessel-associated pericytes and stromal fibroblasts of a wide range of human tumors. Recent experiments in endosialin-deficient mice have unraveled a critical role of endosialin in site-specific tumor progression and metastasis. To molecularly understand the mechanisms of endosialin function, we aimed to identify extracellular endosialin ligands and identified Mac-2 BP/90K as a specific interaction partner. Detailed biochemical analyses identified a C-terminal fragment of Mac-2 BP/90K, which was shown to contain binding sites for galectin-3, and collagens as the structures responsible for endosialin binding. Subsequent expression analysis of Mac-2 BP/90K in vivo revealed weak or no expression in most normal tissues and strong up-regulation in tumor cells of human neoplastic tissues. Intriguingly, the expression patterns of Mac-2 BP/90K and endosialin were mutually exclusive in all human tissues. Correspondingly, loss-of-function adhesion experiments of Mac-2 BP/90K-expressing tumor cells on endosialin-expressing fibroblasts revealed a repulsive outcome of the Mac-2 BP/90K interaction. Taken together, the experiments identify a novel repulsive interaction between endosialin on stromal fibroblasts and Mac-2 BP/90K on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Becker
- Joint Research Division Vascular Biology of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Immunosuppression after traumatic or ischemic CNS damage: it is neuroprotective and illuminates the role of microglial cells. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 84:211-33. [PMID: 18262323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute traumatic and ischemic events in the central nervous system (CNS) invariably result in activation of microglial cells as local representatives of the immune system. It is still under debate whether activated microglia promote neuronal survival, or whether they exacerbate the original extent of neuronal damage. Protagonists of the view that microglial cells cause secondary damage have proposed that inhibition of microglial activation by immunosuppression is beneficial after acute CNS damage. It is the aim of this review to analyse the effects of immunosuppressants on isolated microglial cells and neurons, and to scrutinize the effects of immunosuppression in different in vivo models of acute CNS trauma or ischemia. It is found that the immunosuppressants cytosine-arabinoside, different steroids, cyclosporin A, FK506, rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil, and minocycline all have direct inhibitory effects on microglial cells. These effects are mainly exerted by inhibiting microglial proliferation or microglial secretion of neurotoxic substances such as proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Furthermore, immunosuppression after acute CNS trauma or ischemia results in improved structure preservation and, mostly, in enhanced function. However, all investigated immunosuppressants also have direct effects on neurons, and some immunosuppressants affect other glial cells such as astrocytes. In summary, it is safe to conclude that immunosuppression after acute CNS trauma or ischemia is neuroprotective. Furthermore, circumferential evidence indicates that microglial activation after traumatic or ischemic CNS damage is not beneficial to adjacent neurons in the immediate aftermath of such acute lesions. Further experiments with more specific agents or genetic approaches that specifically inhibit microglial cells are needed in order to fully answer the question of whether microglial activation is "good or bad".
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Tanaka Y, Imai H, Konno K, Miyagishima T, Kubota C, Puentes S, Aoki T, Hata H, Takata K, Yoshimoto Y, Saito N. Experimental model of lacunar infarction in the gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: neurological assessment and histological, immunohistochemical, and physiological evaluation of dynamic corticospinal tract deformation. Stroke 2007; 39:205-12. [PMID: 18048856 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.489906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lacunar infarction accounts for 25% of ischemic strokes, but the pathological characteristics have not been investigated systematically. A new experimental model of lacunar infarction in the miniature pig was developed to investigate the pathophysiological changes in the corticospinal tract from the acute to chronic phases. METHODS Thirty-five miniature pigs underwent transcranial surgery for permanent anterior choroidal artery occlusion. Animals recovered for 24 hours (n=7), 2 (n=5), 3 (n=2), 4 (n=2), 6 (n=1), 7 (n=7), 8 (n=2), and 9 days (n=1), 2 weeks (n=2), 4 weeks (n=3), and more than 4 weeks (n=3). Neurology, electrophysiology, histology, and MRI were performed. Seven additional miniature pigs underwent transient anterior choroidal artery occlusion to study muscle motor-evoked potentials and evaluate corticospinal tract function during transient anterior choroidal artery occlusion. RESULTS The protocol had a 91.4% success rate in induction of internal capsule infarction 286+/-153 mm(3) (mean+/-SD). Motor-evoked potentials revealed the presence of penumbral tissue in the internal capsule after 6 to 15 minutes anterior choroidal artery occlusion. Total neurological deficit scores of 15.0 (95% CI, 13.5 to 16.4) and 3.4 (0.3 to 6.4) were recorded for permanent anterior choroidal artery occlusion and sham groups, respectively (P<0.001, maximum score 25) with motor deficit scores of 3.4 (95% CI, 2.9 to 4.0) and 0.0 (CI, 0.0 to 0.0), respectively (P<0.001, maximum score 9). Histology revealed that the internal capsule lesion expands gradually from acute to chronic phases. CONCLUSIONS This new model of lacunar infarction induces a reproducible infarct in subcortical white matter with a measurable functional deficit and evidence of penumbral tissue acutely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitaka Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Tuor UI, Wang R, Zhao Z, Foniok T, Rushforth D, Wamsteeker JI, Qiao M. Transient hypertension concurrent with forepaw stimulation enhances functional MRI responsiveness in infarct and peri-infarct regions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2007; 27:1819-29. [PMID: 17377516 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is gaining use as a tool to assess cerebral recovery following various insults, the effects of potential confounders such as hypertension are poorly defined. We hypothesized that after stroke, transient hypertension during an fMRI study could produce a detected activation unrelated to neuronal activity within the infarct. Thus, the effect of norepinephrine induced increases in blood pressure (BP) on the fMRI response to forepaw stimulation were investigated in controls or 1 week after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Images were smoothed spatially and voxels correlating to either forepaw stimulation or the change in BP time courses were analyzed. Transient hypertension increased the signal intensity and numbers of voxels correlating to the BP time courses within and adjacent to the ischemic infarct and these exceeded the response in the contralateral hemisphere or in controls. With left paw stimulation at normotension, there was a loss of activation in right sensory-motor cortex -- a region with necrosis and disruption of cerebral vessels. As BP increased left paw stimulation also resulted in the detection of activation in the infarcted sensory-motor cortex and peri-infarct regions. Thus, BP changes synchronous with tasks in fMRI studies can result in MR signal changes consistent with a loss of cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation rather than neuronal activation in necrotic brain. After stroke, the use of stressful tasks associated with BP changes in fMRI studies should be limited or the BP change should be considered as a potential source of MR signal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula I Tuor
- MR Technology, Institute for Biodiagnostics (West), National Research Council, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Kong W, Li S, Longaker MT, Lorenz HP. Cyclophilin C-associated protein is up-regulated during wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2006; 210:153-60. [PMID: 16998803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin C-associated protein (CyCAP) is identified from macrophages. It locates in intracellular, membrane bound and extracellular, suggesting it has an important role, however both of its regulation and function have not been elucidated. The expression of CyCAP in skin and during wound healing is also unknown. We demonstrate that CyCAP is expressed in both dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. In the dermis, the majority of CyCAP protein is located intracellular in a filamentous protein form while a lesser amount is in the extracellular matrix (ECM). CyCAP gene and protein expression is increased 1 day after skin wound healing in both fetal and adult rats and remains elevated level up to 1 week in adult rats. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrate that the increased CyCAP expression locates mainly to inflammatory cells, including macrophages, monocytes and lymphocytes during wound healing. Interferon-gamma increases CyCAP gene and protein expression in cultured rat fibroblasts. We also found that wound healing is slower and less collagen is expressed in skin of CyCAP null mice. These data are the first observations of CyCAP expression in skin and during wound repair. Our data indicates that CyCAP is regulated by IFNgamma and may function on immune defense in macrophages, lymphocytes, dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Kong
- Children's Surgical Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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