1
|
Mendonça MM, Costa AN, Moraes GCA, Martins GM, Almeida AF, Rincon GCN, Siqueira JPR, Padilha DM, Moya MI, Ferreira-Neto ML, Gomes RM, Pedrino GR, Fontes MAP, Colombari E, Crestani CC, Fajemiroye JO, Xavier CH. Centrally acting antihypertensives change the psychogenic cardiovascular reactivity. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:892-905. [PMID: 33465820 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clonidine (CL) and Rilmenidine (RI) are among the most frequently prescribed centrally acting antihypertensives. Here, we compared CL and RI effects on psychogenic cardiovascular reactivity to sonant, luminous, motosensory, and vibrotactile stimuli during neurogenic hypertension. The femoral artery and vein of Wistar (WT - normotensive) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were catheterized before (24 h interval) i.p. injection of vehicle (NaCl 0.9%, control - CT group), CL (10 µg/kg), or RI (10 µg/kg) and acute exposure to luminous (5000 lm), sonant (75 dB sudden tap), motor (180° cage twist), and air-jet (10 L/min - restraint and vibrotactile). Findings showed that: (i) CL or RI reduced the arterial pressure of SHR, without affecting basal heart rate in WT and SHR; (ii) different stimuli evoked pressor and tachycardic responses; (iii) CL and RI reduced pressor response to sound; (iv) CL or RI reduced pressor responses to luminous stimulus without a change in peak tachycardia in SHR; (v) cage twist increased blood pressure in SHR, which was attenuated by CL or RI; (vi) air-jet increased pressure and heart rate; (vii) CL or RI attenuated the pressor responses to air-jet in SHR while RI reduced the chronotropic reactivity in both strains. Altogether, both antihypertensives relieved the psychogenic cardiovascular responses to different stimuli. The RI elicited higher cardioprotective effects through a reduction in air-jet-induced tachycardia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mendonça
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Amanda N Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gean C A Moraes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Martins
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Aline F Almeida
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C N Rincon
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - João P R Siqueira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Daniella M Padilha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Marcela I Moya
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Colombari
- School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - James O Fajemiroye
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Braschi A. Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:133-171. [PMID: 30714087 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-018-00316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with hypertension, the triad represented by endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, and altered fibrinolytic function disturbs the equilibrium between hemostasis and fibrinolysis and translates into a hypercoagulable state, which underlies the risk of thrombotic complications. This article reviews the scientific evidence regarding some biological effects of antihypertensive drugs, which can protect patients from the adverse consequences of hypertensive disease, improving endothelial function, enhancing antioxidant activity, and restoring equilibrium between hemostatic and fibrinolytic factors. These protective effects appear not to be mediated through blood pressure reduction and are not shared by all molecules of the same pharmacological class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Braschi
- Ambulatory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Via col. Romey n.10, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruth MR, Port AM, Shah M, Bourland AC, Istfan NW, Nelson KP, Gokce N, Apovian CM. Consuming a hypocaloric high fat low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks lowers C-reactive protein, and raises serum adiponectin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects. Metabolism 2013; 62:1779-87. [PMID: 24075505 PMCID: PMC3845365 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High fat, low carbohydrate (HFLC) diets have become popular tools for weight management. We sought to determine the effects of a HFLC diet compared to a low fat high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet on the change in weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in subjects with obesity. METHODS Obese subjects (29.0-44.6 kg/m2) recruited from Boston Medical Center were randomized to a hypocaloric LFHC (n=26) or HFLC (n=29) diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS The age range of subjects was 21-62 years. As a percentage of daily calories, the HFLC group consumed 33.5% protein, 56.0% fat and 9.6% carbohydrate and the LFHC group consumed 22.0% protein, 25.0% fat and 55.7% carbohydrate. The change in percent body weight, lean and fat mass, blood pressure, flow mediated dilation, hip:waist ratio, hemoglobin A1C, fasting insulin and glucose, and glucose and insulin response to a 2h oral glucose tolerance test did not differ (P>0.05) between diets after 12 weeks. The HFLC group had greater mean decreases in serum triglyceride (P=0.07), and hs-CRP (P=0.03), and greater mean increases in HDL cholesterol (P=0.004), and total adiponectin (P=0.045) relative to the LFHC. Secreted adipose tissue adiponectin or TNF-α did not differ after weight loss for either diet. CONCLUSIONS Relative to the LFHC group, the HFLC group had greater improvements in blood lipids and systemic inflammation with similar changes in body weight and composition. This small-scale study suggests that HFLC diets may be more beneficial to cardiovascular health and inflammation in free-living obese adults compared to LFHC diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Ruth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Ava M. Port
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mitali Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Ashley C. Bourland
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nawfal W. Istfan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Kerrie P. Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., CT318, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, 88 E. Newton St., D-8, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University, 88 E. Newton St., Suite 4400D, Boston, MA 02118
- Corresponding Author: Caroline M. Apovian, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.N., Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Director, Center for Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Robinson Bldg, Suite 4400, Boston, MA 02118, Tel: 617-638-8556, Fax: 617-638-8599,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhavoronkov A, Smit-McBride Z, Guinan KJ, Litovchenko M, Moskalev A. Potential therapeutic approaches for modulating expression and accumulation of defective lamin A in laminopathies and age-related diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1361-89. [PMID: 23090008 PMCID: PMC3506837 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific understanding of the genetic components of aging has increased in recent years, with several genes being identified as playing roles in the aging process and, potentially, longevity. In particular, genes encoding components of the nuclear lamina in eukaryotes have been increasingly well characterized, owing in part to their clinical significance in age-related diseases. This review focuses on one such gene, which encodes lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. Genetic variation in this gene can give rise to lethal, early-onset diseases known as laminopathies. Here, we analyze the literature and conduct computational analyses of lamin A signaling and intracellular interactions in order to examine potential mechanisms for altering or slowing down aberrant Lamin A expression and/or for restoring the ratio of normal to aberrant lamin A. The ultimate goal of such studies is to ameliorate or combat laminopathies and related diseases of aging, and we provide a discussion of current approaches in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
| | - Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kieran J. Guinan
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Kerry Technology Park, Tralee, County Kerry Ireland
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Bioinformatics and Medical Information Technology Laboratory, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 119296 Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, Reading, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982 Russia
| |
Collapse
|