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Koeberle SC, Kipp AP, Stuppner H, Koeberle A. Ferroptosis-modulating small molecules for targeting drug-resistant cancer: Challenges and opportunities in manipulating redox signaling. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:614-682. [PMID: 36658724 PMCID: PMC10947485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death program that is characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation. Triggering ferroptosis has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight cancer and overcome drug resistance in antitumor therapy. Understanding the molecular interactions and structural features of ferroptosis-inducing compounds might therefore open the door to efficient pharmacological strategies against aggressive, metastatic, and therapy-resistant cancer. We here summarize the molecular mechanisms and structural requirements of ferroptosis-inducing small molecules that target central players in ferroptosis. Focus is placed on (i) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 4, the only GPX isoenzyme that detoxifies complex membrane-bound lipid hydroperoxides, (ii) the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc - that is central for glutathione regeneration, (iii) the redox-protective transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), and (iv) GPX4 repression in combination with induced heme degradation via heme oxygenase-1. We deduce common features for efficient ferroptotic activity and highlight challenges in drug development. Moreover, we critically discuss the potential of natural products as ferroptosis-inducing lead structures and provide a comprehensive overview of structurally diverse biogenic and bioinspired small molecules that trigger ferroptosis via iron oxidation, inhibition of the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system or less defined modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveigh C. Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional SciencesFriedrich Schiller University JenaThüringenJenaGermany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional SciencesFriedrich Schiller University JenaThüringenJenaGermany
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckTirolInnsbruckAustria
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2
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Straß S, Geiger J, Cloos N, Späth N, Geiger S, Schwamborn A, De Oliveira da Cunha L, Martorelli M, Guse JH, Sandri TL, Burnet M, Laufer S. Immune cell targeted fumaric esters support a role of GPR109A as a primary target of monomethyl fumarate in vivo. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1223-1239. [PMID: 37004600 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is approved as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), however, its mode of action remains unclear. One hypothesis proposes that Michael addition to thiols by DMF, notably glutathione is immunomodulatory. The alternative proposes that monomethyl fumarate (MMF), the hydrolysis product of DMF, is a ligand to the fatty acid receptor GPR109A found in the lysosomes of immune cells. We prepared esters of MMF and macrolides derived from azithromycin, which were tropic to immune cells by virtue of lysosomal trapping. We tested the effects of these substances in an assay of response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In this system, we observed that the 4'' ester of MMF (compound 2 and 3) reduced levels of Interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) significantly at a concentration of 1 µM, while DMF required about 25 µM for the same effect. The 2' esters of MMF (compound 1 and 2) were, like MMF itself, inactive in vitro. The 4'' ester formed glutathione conjugates rapidly while the 2' conjugates did not react with thiols but did hydrolyze slowly to release MMF in these cells. We then tested the substances in vivo using the imiquimod/isostearate model of psoriasis where the 2' ester was the most active at 0.06-0.12 mg/kg (approximately 0.1 µmol/kg), improving skin score, body weight and cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, IL-1β, NLRP3 and IL-23A). In contrast, the thiol reactive 4'' ester was less active than the 2' ester while DMF was ca. 300-fold less active. The thiol reactive 4'' ester was not easily recovered from either plasma or organs while the 2' ester exhibited conventional uptake and elimination. The 2' ester also reduced levels of IL-6 in acute monosodium urate (MSU) induced inflammation. These data suggest that mechanisms that are relevant in vivo center on the release of MMF. Given that GPR109A is localized to the lysosome, and that lysosomal trapping increases 2' ester activity by > 300 fold, these data suggest that GPR109A may be the main target in vivo. In contrast, the effects associated with glutathione (GSH) conjugation in vitro are unlikely to be as effective in vivo due to the much lower dose in use which cannot titrate the more concentrated thiols. These data support the case for GPR109A modulation in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Straß
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Synovo GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariella Martorelli
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Synovo GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Synovo GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Polymeric Nanoparticles as Tunable Nanocarriers for Targeted Delivery of Drugs to Skin Tissues for Treatment of Topical Skin Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020657. [PMID: 36839979 PMCID: PMC9964857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The topical route is the most appropriate route for the targeted delivery of drugs to skin tissues for the treatment of local skin diseases; however, the stratum corneum (SC), the foremost layer of the skin, acts as a major barrier. Numerous passive and active drug delivery techniques have been exploited to overcome this barrier; however, these modalities are associated with several detrimental effects which restrict their clinical applicability. Alternatively, nanotechnology-aided interventions have been extensively investigated for the topical administration of a wide range of therapeutics. In this review, we have mainly focused on the biopharmaceutical significance of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) (made from natural polymers) for the treatment of various topical skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), skin infection, skin cancer, acute-to-chronic wounds, and acne. The encapsulation of drug(s) into the inner core or adsorption onto the shell of PNPs has shown a marked improvement in their physicochemical properties, avoiding premature degradation and controlling the release kinetics, permeation through the SC, and retention in the skin layers. Furthermore, functionalization techniques such as PEGylation, conjugation with targeting ligand, and pH/thermo-responsiveness have shown further success in optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of PNPs for the treatment of skin diseases. Despite enormous progress in the development of PNPs, their clinical translation is still lacking, which could be a potential future perspective for researchers working in this field.
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4
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Epigenetics and Metabolism Reprogramming Interplay into Glioblastoma: Novel Insights on Immunosuppressive Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020220. [PMID: 36829778 PMCID: PMC9952003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system represents a complex environment in which glioblastoma adapts skillfully, unleashing a series of mechanisms suitable for its efficient development and diffusion. In particular, changes in gene expression and mutational events that fall within the domain of epigenetics interact complexly with metabolic reprogramming and stress responses enacted in the tumor microenvironment, which in turn fuel genomic instability by providing substrates for DNA modifications. The aim of this review is to analyze this complex interaction that consolidates several conditions that confer a state of immunosuppression and immunoevasion, making glioblastoma capable of escaping attack and elimination by immune cells and therefore invincible against current therapies. The progressive knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the resistance of the glioblastoma represents, in fact, the only weapon to unmask its weak points to be exploited to plan successful therapeutic strategies.
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5
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Manai F, Govoni S, Amadio M. The Challenge of Dimethyl Fumarate Repurposing in Eye Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244061. [PMID: 36552824 PMCID: PMC9777082 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule currently approved and used in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis due to its immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. As an Nrf2 activator through Keap1 protein inhibition, DMF unveils a potential therapeutical use that is much broader than expected so far. In this comprehensive review we discuss the state-of-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repositioning of this molecule in the panorama of eye pathologies, including Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The DMF's mechanism of action, an extensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects, together with a search of the current clinical trials, are here reported. Altogether, this evidence gives an overview of the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of ophthalmological diseases characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, with a special focus on AMD, for which our gene-disease (KEAP1-AMD) database search, followed by a protein-protein interaction analysis, further supports the rationale of DMF use. The necessity to find a topical route of DMF administration to the eye is also discussed. In conclusion, the challenge of DMF repurposing in eye pathologies is feasible and worth scientific attention and well-focused research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-987888
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6
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Sebastian J, Osorio-Gonzalez C, Rouissi T, Hegde K, Brar SK. Bioderived fumaric acid for sustainable production of key active pharmaceutical ingredients: Dimethyl fumarate and Monomethyl fumarate. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Thomas SD, Jha NK, Sadek B, Ojha S. Repurposing Dimethyl Fumarate for Cardiovascular Diseases: Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Promise. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050497. [PMID: 35631325 PMCID: PMC9143321 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule that has been shown to assert potent in vivo immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic actions. The drug has been approved and is currently in use for treating multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in the USA and Europe. Since inflammatory reactions have been significantly implicated in the etiology and progression of diverse disease states, the pharmacological actions of DMF are presently being explored and generalized to other diseases where inflammation needs to be suppressed and immunoregulation is desirable, either as a monotherapeutic agent or as an adjuvant. In this review, we focus on DMF, and present an overview of its mechanism of action while briefly discussing its pharmacokinetic profile. We further discuss in detail its pharmacological uses and highlight its potential applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. DMF, with its unique combination of anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective effects, has the potential to be repurposed as a therapeutic agent in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The clinical studies mentioned in this review with respect to the beneficial effects of DMF in atherosclerosis involve observations in patients with multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in small cohorts and for short durations. The findings of these studies need to be assessed in larger prospective clinical trials, ideally with a double-blind randomized study design, investigating the effects on cardiovascular endpoints as well as morbidity and mortality. The long-term impact of DMF therapy on cardiovascular diseases also needs to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
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8
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Suhrkamp I, Morrison PJ, Assmann JC, Schwaninger M, Wettschureck N, Mrowietz U. ORAL DIMETHYL FUMARATE TARGETS HCA 2-EXPRESSING SKIN CELLS IN THE IMIQUIMOD MOUSE MODEL. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2547-2550.e5. [PMID: 35189149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Suhrkamp
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter J Morrison
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian C Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany.
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9
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Zhou X, Yuan W, Xiong X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zheng Y, Wang J, Liu J. HO-1 in Bone Biology: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:791585. [PMID: 34917622 PMCID: PMC8669958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.791585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disorder characterized by bone mass reduction and deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and fracture risk. In recent decades, knowledge regarding the etiological mechanisms emphasizes that inflammation, oxidative stress and senescence of bone cells contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Studies have demonstrated that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme catalyzing heme degradation, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis properties. Emerging evidence has revealed that HO-1 is critical in the maintenance of bone homeostasis, making HO-1 a potential target for osteoporosis treatment. In this Review, we aim to provide an introduction to current knowledge of HO-1 biology and its regulation, focusing specifically on its roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis. We also examine the potential of HO-1-based pharmacological therapeutics for osteoporosis and issues faced during clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueman Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Talbot J, Højsgaard Chow H, Holm Hansen R, von Essen MR, Sellebjerg F. Immunological effects of dimethyl fumarate treatment in blood and CSF of patients with primary progressive MS. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577756. [PMID: 34739914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate is an efficient therapy used widely in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, lacking effect of treatment has recently been reported in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) (Højsgaard Chow et al., 2021). In order to further analyze the immunological treatment response we investigated the systemic and intrathecal immunological effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment in 50 patients with PPMS who participated in a 48-week randomized controlled trial with dimethyl fumarate vs placebo. We found substantial systemic immunomodulatory effects of DMF treatment comparable with those observed in patients with RRMS. However, intrathecal effects were limited and restricted to CD4+ T cells presumably resulting in higher concentrations of intrathecal IL-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Talbot
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - H Højsgaard Chow
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - R Holm Hansen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - M Rode von Essen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - F Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Liebmann M, Korn L, Janoschka C, Albrecht S, Lauks S, Herrmann AM, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Schwab N, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Eveslage M, Wildemann B, Luessi F, Schmidt S, Diebold M, Bittner S, Gross CC, Kovac S, Zipp F, Derfuss T, Kuhlmann T, König S, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Klotz L. Dimethyl fumarate treatment restrains the antioxidative capacity of T cells to control autoimmunity. Brain 2021; 144:3126-3141. [PMID: 34849598 PMCID: PMC8634070 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate, an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, exerts pleiotropic effects on immune cells as well as CNS resident cells. Here, we show that dimethyl fumarate exerts a profound alteration of the metabolic profile of human CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells and restricts their antioxidative capacities by decreasing intracellular levels of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. This causes an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels accompanied by an enhanced mitochondrial stress response, ultimately leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels not only result in enhanced T-cell apoptosis in vitro as well as in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients, but are key for the well-known immunomodulatory effects of dimethyl fumarate both in vitro and in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, i.e. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Indeed, dimethyl fumarate immune-modulatory effects on T cells were completely abrogated by pharmacological interference of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. These data shed new light on dimethyl fumarate as bona fide immune-metabolic drug that targets the intracellular stress response in activated T cells, thereby restricting mitochondrial function and energetic capacity, providing novel insight into the role of oxidative stress in modulating cellular immune responses and T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liebmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Lisanne Korn
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Claudia Janoschka
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sarah Lauks
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander M Herrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Maria Eveslage
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | | | - Martin Diebold
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, and University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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12
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Parker SJ, Encarnación-Rosado J, Hollinshead KER, Hollinshead DM, Ash LJ, Rossi JAK, Lin EY, Sohn ASW, Philips MR, Jones DR, Kimmelman AC. Spontaneous hydrolysis and spurious metabolic properties of α-ketoglutarate esters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4905. [PMID: 34385458 PMCID: PMC8361106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate (KG), also referred to as 2-oxoglutarate, is a key intermediate of cellular metabolism with pleiotropic functions. Cell-permeable esterified analogs are widely used to study how KG fuels bioenergetic and amino acid metabolism and DNA, RNA, and protein hydroxylation reactions, as cellular membranes are thought to be impermeable to KG. Here we show that esterified KG analogs rapidly hydrolyze in aqueous media, yielding KG that, in contrast to prevailing assumptions, imports into many cell lines. Esterified KG analogs exhibit spurious KG-independent effects on cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification, arising from rapid hydrolysis and de-protonation of α-ketoesters, and significant analog-specific inhibitory effects on glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration. We observe that imported KG decarboxylates to succinate in the cytosol and contributes minimally to mitochondrial metabolism in many cell lines cultured in normal conditions. These findings demonstrate that nuclear and cytosolic KG-dependent reactions may derive KG from functionally distinct subcellular pools and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Joel Encarnación-Rosado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate E R Hollinshead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonard J Ash
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan A K Rossi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Y Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Philips
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Kulawik-Pióro A, Miastkowska M. Polymeric Gels and Their Application in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105124. [PMID: 34066105 PMCID: PMC8151792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease, and it is especially characterized by the occurrence of red, itchy, and scaly eruptions on the skin. The quality of life of patients with psoriasis is decreased because this disease remains incurable, despite the rapid progress of therapeutic methods and the introduction of many innovative antipsoriatic drugs. Moreover, many patients with psoriasis are dissatisfied with their current treatment methods and the form with which the drug is applied. The patients complain about skin irritation, clothing stains, unpleasant smell, or excessive viscosity of the preparation. The causes of these issues should be linked with little effectiveness of the therapy caused by low permeation of the drug into the skin, as well as patients’ disobeying doctors’ recommendations, e.g., concerning regular application of the preparation. Both of these factors are closely related to the physicochemical form of the preparation and its rheological and mechanical properties. To improve the quality of patients’ lives, it is important to gain knowledge about the specific form of the drug and its effect on the safety and efficacy of a therapy as well as the patients’ comfort during application. Therefore, we present a literature review and a detailed analysis of the composition, rheological properties, and mechanical properties of polymeric gels as an alternative to viscous and greasy ointments. We discuss the following polymeric gels: hydrogels, oleogels, emulgels, and bigels. In our opinion, they have many characteristics (i.e., safety, effectiveness, desired durability, acceptance by patients), which can contribute to the development of an effective and, at the same time comfortable, method of local treatment of psoriasis for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Małgorzata Miastkowska
- Correspondence: (A.K.-P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-1-2628-2740 (A.K.-P.); +48-1-2628-3072 (M.M.)
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15
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Wipke BT, Hoepner R, Strassburger-Krogias K, Thomas AM, Gianni D, Szak S, Brennan MS, Pistor M, Gold R, Chan A, Scannevin RH. Different Fumaric Acid Esters Elicit Distinct Pharmacologic Responses. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/2/e950. [PMID: 33468560 PMCID: PMC7862084 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera) elicits different biological changes from DMF combined with monoethyl fumarate (MEF) (Fumaderm, a psoriasis therapy), we investigated DMF and MEF in rodents and cynomolgus monkeys. Possible translatability of findings was explored with lymphocyte counts from a retrospective cohort of patients with MS. Methods In rodents, we evaluated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects induced by DMF and MEF monotherapies or in combination (DMF/MEF). Clinical implications were investigated in a retrospective, observational analysis of patients with MS treated with DMF/MEF (n = 36). Results In rodents and cynomolgus monkeys, monomethyl fumarate (MMF, the primary metabolite of DMF) exhibited higher brain penetration, whereas MEF was preferentially partitioned into the kidney. In mice, transcriptional profiling for DMF and MEF alone identified both common and distinct pharmacodynamic responses, with almost no overlap between DMF- and MEF-induced differentially expressed gene profiles in immune tissues. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress response pathway was exclusively regulated by DMF, whereas apoptosis pathways were activated by MEF. DMF/MEF treatment demonstrated that DMF and MEF functionally interact to modify DMF- and MEF-specific responses in unpredictable ways. In patients with MS, DMF/MEF treatment led to early and pronounced suppression of lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+ T cells. In a multivariate regression analysis, the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was associated with age at therapy start, baseline ALC, and DMF/MEF dosage but not with previous immunosuppressive medication and sex. Furthermore, the ALC increased in a small cohort of patients with MS (n = 6/7) after switching from DMF/MEF to DMF monotherapy. Conclusions Fumaric acid esters exhibit different biodistribution and may elicit different biological responses; furthermore, pharmacodynamic effects of combinations differ unpredictably from monotherapy. The strong potential to induce lymphopenia in patients with MS may be a result of activation of apoptosis pathways by MEF compared with DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Wipke
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Hoepner
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Strassburger-Krogias
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ankur M Thomas
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Davide Gianni
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Suzanne Szak
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie S Brennan
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximilian Pistor
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Robert H Scannevin
- From Biogen, Inc (B.T.W., A.M.T., D.G., S.S., M.S.B., R.H.S.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Neurology (R.H., M.P., A.C.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (K.S.-K., R.G.), St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Timpani CA, Rybalka E. Calming the (Cytokine) Storm: Dimethyl Fumarate as a Therapeutic Candidate for COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 33375288 PMCID: PMC7824470 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide and incidences of hospitalisation from respiratory distress are significant. While a vaccine is in the pipeline, there is urgency for therapeutic options to address the immune dysregulation, hyperinflammation and oxidative stress that can lead to death. Given the shared pathogenesis of severe cases of COVID-19 with aspects of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, we propose dimethyl fumarate as a viable treatment option. Currently approved for multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, dimethyl fumarate is an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug that could be rapidly implemented into the clinic to calm the cytokine storm which drives severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
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17
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Dello Russo C, Scott KA, Pirmohamed M. Dimethyl fumarate induced lymphopenia in multiple sclerosis: A review of the literature. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107710. [PMID: 33091427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first line medication for multiple sclerosis. It has a favourable safety profile, however, there is concern regarding the occurrence of moderate-severe and sustained lymphopenia and the associated risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. We carried out an extensive literature review to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this adverse reaction. Dynamic changes in certain components of the immune system are likely to be important for the therapeutic effects of DMF, including depletion of memory T cells and decrease in activated T cells together with expansion of naïve T cells. Similar modifications were reported for the B cell components. CD8+ T cells are particularly susceptible to DMF-induced cell death, with marked reductions observed in lymphopenic subjects. The reasons underlying such increased sensitivity are not known, nor it is known how expansion of other lymphocyte subsets occurs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DMF action is challenging: in vivo DMF is rapidly metabolized to monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a less potent immunomodulator in vitro. Pharmacokinetics indicate that MMF is the main active species in vivo. However, the relative importance of DMF and MMF in toxicity remains unclear, with evidence presented in favour of either of the compounds as toxic species. Pharmacogenetic studies to identify genetic predictors of DMF-induced lymphopenia are limited, with inconclusive results. A role of the gut microbiome in the pharmacological effects of DMF is emerging. It is clear that further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms of DMF-induced lymphopenia and devise preventive strategies. Periodic monitoring of absolute lymphocyte counts, currently performed in clinical practise, allows for the early detection of lymphopenia as a risk-minimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Dello Russo
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Dept. of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathryn Anne Scott
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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18
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Wada S, Kanzaki H, Katsumata Y, Yamaguchi Y, Narimiya T, Attucks OC, Nakamura Y, Tomonari H. Bach1 Inhibition Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis via Reduction of the Signaling via Reactive Oxygen Species by Reinforced Antioxidation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:740. [PMID: 32850850 PMCID: PMC7417670 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone destructive diseases such as periodontitis are common worldwide and are caused by excessive osteoclast formation and activation. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential factor for osteoclastogenesis. This triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has a key role in intracellular signaling as well exerting cytotoxicity. Cells have protective mechanisms against ROS, such as nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which controls the expression of many antioxidant enzyme genes. Conversely, BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), a competitor for Nrf2, transcriptionally represses the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes. Previously, we demonstrated that RANKL induces Bach1 nuclear import and attenuates the expression of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes, thereby augmenting intracellular ROS signaling and osteoclastogenesis. However, it remains unknown if Bach1 inhibitors attenuate osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that Bach1 inhibition would exert an anti-osteoclastogenic effects via diminishing of intracellular ROS signaling through augmented antioxidation. We used RAW 264.7 cells as osteoclast progenitor cells. Using flow cytometry, we found that Bach1 inhibitors attenuated RANKL-mediated ROS generation, which resulted in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Local injection of a Bach1 inhibitor into the calvaria of male BALB/c mice blocked bone destruction induced by lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Bach1 inhibitor attenuates RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in mice by inducing the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that consequently decrease intracellular ROS levels. Bach1 inhibitors have potential in inhibiting bone destructive diseases such as periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Sulaimani J, Cluxton D, Clowry J, Petrasca A, Molloy O, Moran B, Sweeney C, Malara A, McNicholas N, McGuigan C, Kirby B, Fletcher J. Dimethyl fumarate modulates the Treg–Th17 cell axis in patients with psoriasis*. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:495-503. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sulaimani
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - D. Cluxton
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - J. Clowry
- Dermatology Research Education and Research CentreSt. Vincent's University HospitalDublin 4 Ireland
| | - A. Petrasca
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - O.E. Molloy
- Dermatology Research Education and Research CentreSt. Vincent's University HospitalDublin 4 Ireland
| | - B. Moran
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - C.M. Sweeney
- Dermatology Research Education and Research CentreSt. Vincent's University HospitalDublin 4 Ireland
| | - A. Malara
- Dermatology Research Education and Research CentreSt. Vincent's University HospitalDublin 4 Ireland
| | - N. McNicholas
- Department of Neurology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - C. McGuigan
- Department of Neurology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - B. Kirby
- Department of Dermatology St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - J.M. Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and ImmunologyTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- School of Medicine Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
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20
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Zalachoras I, Hollis F, Ramos-Fernández E, Trovo L, Sonnay S, Geiser E, Preitner N, Steiner P, Sandi C, Morató L. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:134-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Valencia-Sanchez C, Carter JL. An evaluation of dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1399-1405. [PMID: 32543241 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1763304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in available disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral drug approved by the FDA for relapsing MS with unique immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors provide the reader with a review of the literature obtained via a PubMed database search and provide their expert opinion on the use of DMF in clinical practice. The article details DMF's mechanism of action, long-term data on efficacy, tolerability and safety. EXPERT OPINION Since approval, growing experience with DMF in clinical practice demonstrates a combination of efficacy, ease of administration along with an acceptable safety profile. The authors believe that DMF is a valuable long-term treatment option in patients with relapsing MS. However, long-term follow up studies are needed to provide further data on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) risk stratification for MS patients on treatment with DMF. Indeed, despite the strong association with lymphopenia, not all patients with DMF associated PML experienced prolonged overall lymphopenia, suggesting that additional predictive metrics are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valencia-Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research , Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan L Carter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research , Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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22
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Bombeiro AL, Pereira BTN, Bonfanti AP, Oliveira ALRD. Immunomodulation by dimethyl fumarate treatment improves mouse sciatic nerve regeneration. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:24-32. [PMID: 32305403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) often generates sensorimotor deficits that impair the quality of life of the patient. The success of nerve regeneration is related to tissue clearance and the formation of a microenvironment that sustains and stimulates axon growth up to the target. In this sense, macrophages are important for axon and myelin debris removal, neovascularization and the production of neurotrophic factors. Macrophage activation is improved by T helper (Th) lymphocytes, whose role remains few explored upon traumatic nerve injuries. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the first-line drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis due to its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. DMF improves nerve regeneration via antioxidant and cytoprotective cell signaling pathways. However, the direct activity on the cell immune response following nerve axotomy requires further investigation. In the present study, we evaluated DMF activity on Th cells and macrophage polarization, axonal regeneration and motor recovery following sciatic nerve crush in mice. For this aim, operated animals received DMF or vehicle once a day, starting at 3 days postinjury (dpi). Using an in vivo cell migration assay, we observed reduced lymphocyte infiltration in the nerves of DMF-treated mice at 7 dpi. Flow cytometry revealed DMF-responsive lymphocyte polarization from the pro- (Th1) to anti-inflammatory (Th2) phenotype at 7 dpi but not at 14 dpi. No effect was observed on macrophage polarization (from M1 to M2), although DMF reduced the frequency of the proinflammatory M1 subset from 7 to 14 dpi. Quantification of neurofilament (axon marker) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) immunolabeling showed improved axonal regeneration under DMF treatment at 14 dpi. Better motor recovery was observed in the DMF-treated group, as verified by an automated walking track test. Overall, our data reinforce the pro-regenerative capacity of DMF after traumatic nerve injury based on downmodulation of the proinflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Bombeiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology. P.O. Box: 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Toledo Nunes Pereira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology. P.O. Box: 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Pires Bonfanti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology. P.O. Box: 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology. P.O. Box: 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP. 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Potential Benefits of Nrf2/Keap1 Targeting in Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040321. [PMID: 32316115 PMCID: PMC7222398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanent pancreatic islet cell destruction occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) through the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Loss of β-cell integrity secondary to oxidation leads to an inability to appropriately synthesize and secrete insulin. Allogenic islet cell transplantation (ICT) has risen as a therapeutic option to mitigate problematic hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, during the process of transplantation, islet cells are exposed to oxidatively caustic conditions that severely decrease the islet cell yield. Islet cells are at a baseline disadvantage to sustain themselves during times of metabolic stress as they lack a robust anti-oxidant defense system, glycogen stores, and vascularity. The Nrf2/Keap1 system is a master regulator of antioxidant genes that has garnered attention as pharmacologic activators have shown a protective response and a low side effect profile. Herein, we present the most recently studied Nrf2/Keap1 activators in pancreas for application in ICT: Dh404, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Furthermore, we discuss that Nrf2/Keap1 is a potential target to ameliorate oxidative stress at every step of the Edmonton Protocol.
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Nellessen A, Nyamoya S, Zendedel A, Slowik A, Wruck C, Beyer C, Fragoulis A, Clarner T. Nrf2 deficiency increases oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, neuroinflammation and axonal damage in an MS animal model. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:353-362. [PMID: 31529356 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathophysiological hallmark of many CNS diseases, among multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, boosting the astrocytic transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system in an MS mouse model efficiently ameliorates oligodendrocyte loss, neuroinflammation and axonal damage. Moreover, Dimethylfumarate, an efficient activator of Nrf2, has recently been approved as therapeutic option in MS treatment. Here, we use the cuprizone mouse model of MS to induce oxidative stress, selective oligodendrocyte loss, microglia and astrocyte activation as well as axonal damage in both wild type and Nrf2-deficient mice. We found increased oligodendrocyte apoptosis and loss, pronounced neuroinflammation and higher levels of axonal damage in cuprizone-fed Nrf2-deficient animals when compared to wild type controls. In addition, Nrf2-deficient animals showed a higher susceptibility towards cuprizone within the commissura anterior white matter tract, a structure that is relatively insensitive to cuprizone in wild type animals. Our data highlight the cuprizone model as a suitable tool to study the complex interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and axonal damage. Further studies will have to show whether distinct expression patterns of Nrf2 are involved in the variable susceptibility towards cuprizone in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nellessen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stella Nyamoya
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Department of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Institut für Anatomie, Gertrudenstr. 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Selman M, Ou P, Rousso C, Bergeron A, Krishnan R, Pikor L, Chen A, Keller BA, Ilkow C, Bell JC, Diallo JS. Dimethyl fumarate potentiates oncolytic virotherapy through NF-κB inhibition. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/425/eaao1613. [PMID: 29367345 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to oncolytic virotherapy is frequently associated with failure of tumor cells to get infected by the virus. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a common treatment for psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, also has anticancer properties. We show that DMF and various fumaric and maleic acid esters (FMAEs) enhance viral infection of cancer cell lines as well as human tumor biopsies with several oncolytic viruses (OVs), improving therapeutic outcomes in resistant syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. This results in durable responses, even in models otherwise refractory to OV and drug monotherapies. The ability of DMF to enhance viral spread results from its ability to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production and response, which is associated with its blockade of nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This study demonstrates that unconventional application of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and biological agents can result in improved anticancer therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Selman
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Paula Ou
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher Rousso
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anabel Bergeron
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ramya Krishnan
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Larissa Pikor
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Andrew Chen
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brian A Keller
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Borne AL, Huang T, McCloud RL, Pachaiyappan B, Bullock TNJ, Hsu KL. Deciphering T Cell Immunometabolism with Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 420:175-210. [PMID: 30128827 PMCID: PMC7134364 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
As a major sentinel of adaptive immunity, T cells seek and destroy diseased cells using antigen recognition to achieve molecular specificity. Strategies to block checkpoint inhibition of T cell activity and thus reawaken the patient's antitumor immune responses are rapidly becoming standard of care for treatment of diverse cancers. Adoptive transfer of patient T cells genetically engineered with tumor-targeting capabilities is redefining the field of personalized medicines. The diverse opportunities for exploiting T cell biology in the clinic have prompted new efforts to expand the scope of targets amenable to immuno-oncology. Given the complex spatiotemporal regulation of T cell function and fate, new technologies capable of global molecular profiling in vivo are needed to guide selection of appropriate T cell targets and subsets. In this chapter, we describe the use of activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to illuminate different aspects of T cell metabolism and signaling as fertile starting points for investigation. We highlight the merits of ABPP methods to enable target, inhibitor, and biochemical pathway discovery of T cells in the burgeoning field of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Borne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCloud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Boobalan Pachaiyappan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Timothy N J Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Jaiswal AK, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Cattley RC, Mishra A. Dimethyl fumarate abrogates dust mite-induced allergic asthma by altering dendritic cell function. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:201-213. [PMID: 31264384 PMCID: PMC6688084 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Allergic asthma is the most common inflammatory disease of upper airways. Airway dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen presenting cells that regulate T helper 2 (Th2)‐dependent allergic inflammation. Recent studies have shown critical role of airway DCs in the induction of Th2‐mediated allergic inflammation and are attractive therapeutic targets in asthma. However, molecular signaling mechanism that regulate DCs function to Th2 immune responses are poorly understood. Here we aim to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA approved small molecule drug, in the house dust mite (HDM)‐induced experimental model of allergic asthma. Methods DMF was administered intranasally in the challenge period of HDM‐induced murine model of experimental asthma. Airway inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, Th2/Th1 cytokine were assessed. The effect of DMF on DC function was further evaluated by adoptive transfer of HDM‐pulsed DMF treated DCs to wild‐type naïve mice. Results DMF treatment significantly reduced HDM‐induced airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and airway hyperactivity to inhaled methacholine. Mechanistically, DMF interferes with the migration of lung DCs to draining mediastinal lymph nodes, thereby attenuates the induction of allergic sensitization and Th2 immune response. Notably, adoptive transfer of DMF treated DCs to naïve mice with HDM challenge similarly reduces the features of allergic asthma. Conclusion This identifies a novel function of DMF on DC‐mediated adaptive immune responses in the setting of HDM‐induced airway inflammation. Taken together, our results offer a mechanistic rationale for DMF use to target DCs in local lung environment as antiasthmatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Jaiswal
- The Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Russell C Cattley
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- The Laboratory of Lung Inflammation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
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28
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Dickel H, Bruckner T, Höxtermann S, Dickel B, Trinder E, Altmeyer P. Fumaric acid ester-induced T-cell lymphopenia in the real-life treatment of psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:893-905. [PMID: 30680823 PMCID: PMC6593701 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are used to treat psoriasis and are known to cause lymphopenia in roughly 60% of the patients. Much remains to be elucidated about the biological effects of FAEs on lymphocytes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of long-term FAE (Fumaderm® ) treatment on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells in psoriasis. METHODS In this single-centre retrospective observational subcohort study, we obtained leucocyte and lymphocyte subset counts before initiating FAE therapy in 371 psoriasis patients (mean age, 47.8 years; 63.3% males) and monitored them during treatment (mean treatment duration, 2.9 years). Multiparametric flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping. RESULTS FAEs significantly reduced the numbers of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD19+ B and CD56+ NK cells. Among lymphocyte subsets, the mean percentage reduction from baseline was always highest for CD8+ T cells, with a peak of 55.7% after 2 years of therapy. The risk of T-cell lymphopenia increased significantly with the age of the psoriasis patients at the time that FAE therapy was initiated. It was significantly decreased for the combination therapy with methotrexate and folic acid (vitamin B9) supplementation. Supporting evidence was found suggesting that T-cell lymphopenia enhances the effectiveness of FAE therapy. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring distinct T-cell subsets rather than just absolute lymphocyte counts may provide more meaningful insights into both the FAE treatment safety and efficacy. We therefore suggest optimizing pharmacovigilance by additionally monitoring CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts at regular intervals, especially in patients of middle to older age. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to establish evidence-based recommendations to guide dermatologists in the management of psoriasis patients who are taking FAEs and who develop low absolute T-cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Dickel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - T. Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics (IMBI)University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - S. Höxtermann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - B. Dickel
- Dermatology Practice Peter WenzelMDHattingenGermany
| | - E. Trinder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - P. Altmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- Dermatology Practice at City ParkBochumGermany
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29
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Abstract
Research on psoriasis pathogenesis has largely increased knowledge on skin biology in general. In the past 15 years, breakthroughs in the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis have been translated into targeted and highly effective therapies providing fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases with a dominant IL-23/Th17 axis. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of the disease, as well as the therapeutic options that have arisen from the dissection of the inflammatory psoriatic pathways. Our discussion begins by addressing the inflammatory pathways and key cell types initiating and perpetuating psoriatic inflammation. Next, we describe the role of genetics, associated epigenetic mechanisms, and the interaction of the skin flora in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Finally, we include a comprehensive review of well-established widely available therapies and novel targeted drugs.
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30
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Zaro BW, Vinogradova EV, Lazar DC, Blewett MM, Suciu RM, Takaya J, Studer S, de la Torre JC, Casanova JL, Cravatt BF, Teijaro JR. Dimethyl Fumarate Disrupts Human Innate Immune Signaling by Targeting the IRAK4-MyD88 Complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2737-2746. [PMID: 30885957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a prescribed treatment for multiple sclerosis and has also been used to treat psoriasis. The electrophilicity of DMF suggests that its immunosuppressive activity is related to the covalent modification of cysteine residues in the human proteome. Nonetheless, our understanding of the proteins modified by DMF in human immune cells and the functional consequences of these reactions remains incomplete. In this study, we report that DMF inhibits human plasmacytoid dendritic cell function through a mechanism of action that is independent of the major electrophile sensor NRF2. Using chemical proteomics, we instead identify cysteine 13 of the innate immune kinase IRAK4 as a principal cellular target of DMF. We show that DMF blocks IRAK4-MyD88 interactions and IRAK4-mediated cytokine production in a cysteine 13-dependent manner. Our studies thus identify a proteomic hotspot for DMF action that constitutes a druggable protein-protein interface crucial for initiating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balyn W Zaro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Daniel C Lazar
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Megan M Blewett
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Radu M Suciu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sean Studer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
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31
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Nour OA, Shehatou GS, Rahim MA, El-Awady MS, Suddek GM. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dimethyl fumarate in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A. Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - George S.G. Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdel Rahim
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Piroli GG, Manuel AM, Patel T, Walla MD, Shi L, Lanci SA, Wang J, Galloway A, Ortinski PI, Smith DS, Frizzell N. Identification of Novel Protein Targets of Dimethyl Fumarate Modification in Neurons and Astrocytes Reveals Actions Independent of Nrf2 Stabilization. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:504-519. [PMID: 30587509 PMCID: PMC6398201 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fumarate ester dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been introduced recently as a treatment for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a chronic inflammatory condition that results in neuronal demyelination and axonal loss. DMF is known to act by depleting intracellular glutathione and modifying thiols on Keap1 protein, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant response element genes. We have previously shown that DMF reacts with a wide range of protein thiols, suggesting that the complete mechanisms of action of DMF are unknown. Here, we investigated other intracellular thiol residues that may also be irreversibly modified by DMF in neurons and astrocytes. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 24 novel proteins that were modified by DMF in neurons and astrocytes, including cofilin-1, tubulin and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Using an in vitro functional assay, we demonstrated that DMF-modified cofilin-1 loses its activity and generates less monomeric actin, potentially inhibiting its cytoskeletal remodeling activity, which could be beneficial in the modulation of myelination during RRMS. DMF modification of tubulin did not significantly impact axonal lysosomal trafficking. We found that the oxygen consumption rate of N1E-115 neurons and the levels of proteins related to mitochondrial energy production were only slightly affected by the highest doses of DMF, confirming that DMF treatment does not impair cellular respiratory function. In summary, our work provides new insights into the mechanisms supporting the neuroprotective and remyelination benefits associated with DMF treatment in addition to the antioxidant response by Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo G Piroli
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Allison M Manuel
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Tulsi Patel
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Michael D Walla
- §Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29205
| | - Liang Shi
- ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29205
| | - Scott A Lanci
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Jingtian Wang
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Ashley Galloway
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Pavel I Ortinski
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209
| | - Deanna S Smith
- ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29205
| | - Norma Frizzell
- From the ‡Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29209;
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Napier J, Rose L, Adeoye O, Hooker E, Walsh KB. Modulating acute neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: the potential promise of currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:7-15. [PMID: 30702002 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1566361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secondary inflammatory injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in increased morbidity and mortality. White blood cells have been implicated as critical mediators of this inflammatory injury. Currently, no medications have been clinically proven to ameliorate or beneficially modulate inflammation, or to improve outcomes by any mechanism, following ICH. However, other neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, have approved pharmacologic therapies that modulate the inflammatory response and minimize the damage caused by inflammatory cells. Thus, there is substantial interest in existing therapies for neuroinflammation and their potential applicability to other acute neurological diseases such as ICH. In this review, we examined the mechanism of action of twelve currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis: alemtuzumab, daclizumab, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, teriflunomide. We analyzed the existing literature pertaining to the effects of these medications on various leukocytes and also with emphasis on mechanisms of action during the acute period following initiation of therapy. As a result, we provide a valuable summary of the current body of knowledge regarding these therapies and evidence that supports or refutes their likely promise for treating neuroinflammation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred Napier
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Lucas Rose
- a College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Opeolu Adeoye
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Edmond Hooker
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Kyle B Walsh
- b Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,c Gardner Neuroscience Institute , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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34
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General Principles of Immunotherapy in Neurological Diseases. CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19515-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Montes Diaz G, Hupperts R, Fraussen J, Somers V. Dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis: Recent advances in clinical and immunological studies. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1240-1250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Motterlini R, Nikam A, Manin S, Ollivier A, Wilson JL, Djouadi S, Muchova L, Martens T, Rivard M, Foresti R. HYCO-3, a dual CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator, reduces tissue inflammation in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Redox Biol 2018; 20:334-348. [PMID: 30391826 PMCID: PMC6223233 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are predominant features of several chronic diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major arbiter in counteracting these insults via up-regulation of several defensive proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1-derived carbon monoxide (CO) exhibits anti-inflammatory actions and can be delivered to tissues by CO-releasing agents. In this study we assessed the pharmacological and anti-inflammatory properties of HYCO-3, a dual activity compound obtained by conjugating analogues of the CO-releasing molecule CORM-401 and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunomodulatory drug known to activate Nrf2. HYCO-3 induced Nrf2-dependent genes and delivered CO to cells in vitro and tissues in vivo, confirming that the two expected pharmacological properties of this agent are achieved. In mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide, orally administered HYCO-3 reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) while increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory genes ARG1 and IL-10 in brain, liver, lung and heart. In contrast, DMF or CORM-401 alone or their combination decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes but had limited influence on anti-inflammatory markers. Furthermore, HYCO-3 diminished TNF-α and IL-1β in brain and liver but not in lung and heart of Nrf2-/- mice, indicating that the CO-releasing part of this hybrid contributes to reduction of pro-inflammation and that this effect is organ-specific. These data demonstrate that the dual activity of HYCO-3 results in enhanced efficacy compared to the parent compounds indicating the potential exploitation of hybrid compounds in the development of effective anti-inflammatory therapies. HYCO-3 is a novel hybrid between an Nrf2 activator and a CO-releasing molecule. HYCO-3 induces Nrf2 and simultaneously delivers CO in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of HYCO-3 reduces inflammation in mice challenged with LPS. In Nrf2-/- mice, the anti-inflammatory action of HYCO-3 is organ specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France.
| | - Aniket Nikam
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Sylvie Manin
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- University Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Jayne Louise Wilson
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Sabrina Djouadi
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Lucie Muchova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Martens
- University Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Michael Rivard
- University Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12, Créteil 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil 94000, France.
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Naturally derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 inducers attenuate inflammatory responses in human dendritic cells and T cells: relevance for psoriasis treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10287. [PMID: 29980703 PMCID: PMC6035209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease mediated by dysregulated immune responses in dendritic cells (DC) and T cells. The stress-response enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been described as protective in animal models of psoriasis, however, implementation of HO-1-based therapies is hindered by the lack of clinically-suitable HO-1 inducers. The plant-derived polyphenols, carnosol and curcumin, have been identified as candidate HO-1 inducers however there has been little investigation into their effects on human immune cells. We demonstrate that treatment of human DC with these polyphenols limits DC maturation, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and prevents induction of allospecific T cell responses, in a manner partially dependent on carbon monoxide (CO). We also characterised their effects in ex-vivo psoriasis PBMC and report that curcumin, but not carnosol, strongly reduces T cell proliferation and cytokine poly-functionality, with reduced expression of psoriatic cytokines IFNγ, IL-17, GM-CSF and IL-22. This study therefore supports reports highlighting the therapeutic potential of curcumin in psoriasis by providing insight into its immunological effects on healthy human DC and psoriasis PBMC. We also demonstrate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory effects of carnosol in human immune cells.
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38
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Kuo PC, Brown DA, Scofield BA, Paraiso HC, Wang PY, Yu IC, Yen JH. Dithiolethione ACDT suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:76-87. [PMID: 29604346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of myelin-specific pathogenic T cells followed by brain inflammation in association with demyelination. Similarly, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, also exhibits increased CNS infiltration of pathogenic T cells, including Th1 and Th17, leading to detrimental effects of neuroinflammation and demyelination. We previously reported that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), the structurally-simplest of the sulfur-containing dithiolethiones, exerted a promising therapeutic effect in EAE. In the current study we report that 5-Amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2)dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT), a substituted derivative of D3T, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in EAE. ACDT, administered post immunization, delayed disease onset and reduced disease severity in chronic C57BL/6 EAE, and ACDT, administered during disease remission, suppressed disease relapse in relapsing-remitting SJL/J EAE. Further analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of ACDT in EAE revealed that ACDT inhibited pathogenic T cell infiltration, suppressed microglia activation, repressed neurotoxic A1 astrocyte generation, lessened blood-brain barrier disruption, and diminished MMP3/9 production in the CNS of EAE. In summary, we demonstrate that ACDT suppresses neuroinflammation and ameliorates disease severity in EAE through multiple cellular mechanisms. Our findings suggest the potential of developing ACDT as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS/EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chang Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Dennis A Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Barbara A Scofield
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Hallel C Paraiso
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN, United States.
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Brück J, Dringen R, Amasuno A, Pau-Charles I, Ghoreschi K. A review of the mechanisms of action of dimethylfumarate in the treatment of psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:611-624. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Brück
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Eberhard Karls University; Tübingen Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry); Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | | | | | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Eberhard Karls University; Tübingen Germany
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40
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Abstract
The role traditionally assigned to astrocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions has been the formation of the glial scar once inflammation has subsided. Astrocytes are now recognized to be early and highly active players during lesion formation and key for providing peripheral immune cells access to the central nervous system. Here, we review the role of astrocytes in the formation and evolution of MS lesions, including the recently described functional polarization of astrocytes, discuss prototypical pathways for astrocyte activation, and summarize mechanisms by which MS treatments affect astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Ponath
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Calvin Park
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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41
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Bennett Saidu NE, Bretagne M, Mansuet AL, Just PA, Leroy K, Cerles O, Chouzenoux S, Nicco C, Damotte D, Alifano M, Borghese B, Goldwasser F, Batteux F, Alexandre J. Dimethyl fumarate is highly cytotoxic in KRAS mutated cancer cells but spares non-tumorigenic cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9088-9099. [PMID: 29507676 PMCID: PMC5823659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutation, one of the most common molecular alterations observed in adult carcinomas, was reported to activate the anti-oxidant program driven by the transcription factor NRF2 (Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). We previously observed that the antitumoral effect of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is dependent of NRF2 pathway inhibition. We used in vitro methods to examine the effect of DMF on cell death and the activation of the NRF2/DJ-1 antioxidant pathway. We report here that DMF is preferentially cytotoxic against KRAS mutated cancer cells. This effect was observed in patient-derived cancer cell lines harbouring a G12V KRAS mutation, compared with cell lines without such a mutation. In addition, KRAS*G12V over-expression in the human Caco-2 colon cancer cell line significantly promoted DMF-induced cell death, as well as DMF-induced- reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and -glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, in contrast to malignant cells, our data confirms that the same concentration of DMF has no significant cytotoxic effects on non-tumorigenic human ARPE-19 retinal epithelial, murine 3T3 fibroblasts and primary mice bone marrow cells; but is rather associated with NRF2 activation, decreased ROS and increased GSH levels. Furthermore, DJ-1 down-regulation experiments showed that this protein does not play a protective role against NRF2 in non-tumorigenic cells, as it does in malignant ones. This, interestingly, could be at the root of the differential effect of DMF observed between malignant and non-tumorigenic cells. Our results suggest for the first time that the dependence on NRF2 observed in mutated KRAS malignant cells makes them more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of DMF, which thus opens up new prospects for the therapeutic applications of DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Bretagne
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Karen Leroy
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cerles
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Chouzenoux
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Borghese
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - François Goldwasser
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France.,Department of Immunology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Alexandre
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, CARPEM, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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42
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Nicco C, Batteux F. ROS Modulator Molecules with Therapeutic Potential in Cancers Treatments. Molecules 2017; 23:E84. [PMID: 29301225 PMCID: PMC6016996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen. The redox status of a cell is function of the relative concentrations of oxidized and reduced forms of proteins, enzymes, ROS, molecules containing thiol and other factors. In the organism, the redox balance is based on the generation and elimination of ROS produced by endogenous and exogenous sources. All living organisms must maintain their redox equilibrium to survive and proliferate. Enzymatic and molecular pathways control ROS levels tightly but differentially depending on the type of cell. This review is an overview of various molecules that modulate ROS production/detoxification and have a synergistic action with the chemotherapies to kill cancer cells while preserving normal cells to avoid anticancer drugs side effects, allowing a better therapeutic index of the anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Nicco
- Department "Development, Reproduction and Cancer", Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Department "Development, Reproduction and Cancer", Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France.
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43
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Hoffmann JHO, Schaekel K, Hartl D, Enk AH, Hadaschik EN. Dimethyl fumarate modulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a glutathione- and superoxide-dependent manner. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:207-214. [PMID: 28733990 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear) granulocytes (PMN) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by releasing interleukin-17 and LL37-DNA complexes via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of chromatin strands decorated with antimicrobial peptides, in psoriatic skin. Fumaderm® , a fumaric acid ester (FAE) formulation consisting of different FAE salts, has been successfully used to treat psoriasis for decades. Most recently, FAE treatment was reported to inhibit NET formation in murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the effect of FAE treatment on human psoriasis and healthy donor NET formation. RESULTS Among the compounds present in the FAE formulation, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) pretreatment of human psoriasis and healthy donor PMN resulted in a consistent inhibitory effect on NET formation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not to platelet activating factor and ionomycin. This effect was l-glutathione (GSH) dependent and involved a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a key event in NET formation. In contrast, G-protein-coupled signalling and protein synthesis were not involved. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) was found to slightly reduce ROS production without affecting NET formation. CONCLUSIONS We report DMF as a potent, stimulus-specific, GSH- and ROS-dependent modulator of NET formation. Our results support the notion that modulation of NET formation contributes to the beneficial effects of FAEs in a variety of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H O Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Schaekel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hartl
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) Discovery and Translational Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E N Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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45
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Zhang J, Zhou D, Zhang L, Lin Q, Ren W, Zhang J, Nadeem L, Xu G. Dual Effects of N,N-dimethylformamide on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer. Dose Response 2017; 15:1559325817744450. [PMID: 29238273 PMCID: PMC5721971 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817744450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) has been widely used as an organic solvent in industries. DMF is a potential medication. However, the antitumorigenic role of DMF in breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we examined dose-dependent effects of DMF on proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 and nontumorous MCF-12A cells. We found that DMF had a growth inhibitory effect in MCF-12A cells in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, however, DMF had dual effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. DMF at a high dose (100 mM) significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell growth while at a low dose (1 mM) significantly stimulated MCF-7 cell growth (both P < .05). The inhibitory effect of DMF on cell proliferation was accompanied by the decrease of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 protein expression, leading to the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, a high-dose DMF significantly increased the number of early apoptotic cells by increasing cleaved caspase-9 and proapoptotic protein Bax expression and decreased the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bax (P < .01). Thus, our data demonstrated for the first time that DMF has dual effects on breast cancer cell behaviors depending upon its dose. Caution must be warranted in determining its effective dose for targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daibing Zhou
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunbo Lin
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Ren
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lubna Nadeem
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Center for Chemical Injury, Emergency and Critical Care of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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46
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Han J, Ma S, Gong H, Liu S, Lei L, Hu B, Xu Y, Liu H, Wu D. Inhibition of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease with Retention of Graft-versus-Tumor Effects by Dimethyl Fumarate. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1605. [PMID: 29209333 PMCID: PMC5702003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a clinical challenge and a major source of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an activator of Nrf2, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties without significant immunosuppression. We therefore hypothesized that DMF could be potentially harnessed for the treatment of aGVHD with retention of graft-versus-tumor effect. In this study, we showed that DMF significantly inhibited alloreactive T cell responses in vitro in mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. Administration of DMF significantly alleviated the severity, histological damage, and the overall mortality of aGVHD in an MHC-mismatched aGVHD model. DMF administration reduced the activation and effector function of donor T cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, DMF treatment upregulated antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione S-transferase-α1 expressions. Furthermore, DMF treatment markedly increased the frequencies of Treg cells. Depletion of CD25+ cells in DMF recipients aggravated aGVHD mortality compared with IgG control recipients. DMF could promote Treg cell differentiation in a dose dependent manner by upregulating TGF-β expression in vitro. Most importantly, DMF administration preserved graft-versus-leukemia effect after bone marrow transplantation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated DMF as a promising agent for the prevention of aGVHD after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Han
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanle Gong
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuangzhu Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Depei Wu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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47
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Yamaguchi Y, Kanzaki H, Katsumata Y, Itohiya K, Fukaya S, Miyamoto Y, Narimiya T, Wada S, Nakamura Y. Dimethyl fumarate inhibits osteoclasts via attenuation of reactive oxygen species signalling by augmented antioxidation. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1138-1147. [PMID: 29063666 PMCID: PMC5783833 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone destructive diseases are common worldwide and are caused by dysregulation of osteoclast formation and activation. During osteoclastogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in the intracellular signalling triggered by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation. Previously, we demonstrated that induction of antioxidant enzymes by Nrf2 activation using Nrf2-gene transfer, an ETGE-peptide or polyphenols, successfully ameliorated RANKL-dependent osteoclastogenesis. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been shown to activate Nrf2 signalling and has been lately used in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that Nrf2 activation by DMF would inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction via attenuation of intracellular ROS signalling through antioxidant mechanisms. RAW 264.7 cells were used as osteoclast progenitor cells. We found that DMF induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, augmented Nrf2 promoter-luciferase reporter activity and increased antioxidant enzyme expression. Using flow cytometry, we found that DMF attenuated RANKL-mediated intracellular ROS generation, which resulted in the inhibition of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Local DMF injection into the calvaria of male BALB/c mice resulted in attenuated bone destruction in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated in a preclinical setting that DMF inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction via induction of Nrf2-mediated transcription of antioxidant genes and consequent decrease in intracellular ROS levels. Our results suggest that DMF may be a promising inhibitor of bone destruction in diseases like periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanako Itohiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sari Fukaya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Narimiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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Diebold M, Sievers C, Bantug G, Sanderson N, Kappos L, Kuhle J, Lindberg RLP, Derfuss T. Dimethyl fumarate influences innate and adaptive immunity in multiple sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2017; 86:39-50. [PMID: 28958667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mode of action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), has not yet been fully elucidated. While in-vitro experiments and animal studies suggest effects on immune cell survival, proliferation, migration and oxidative stress response, corresponding observations from human studies are lacking. This study aims to characterize ex-vivo and in-vivo effects in a cohort of DMF treated RRMS patients. METHODS Blood samples were collected from twenty well-characterized RRMS patients at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months of DMF treatment and an age- and gender-matched cohort of 20 healthy individuals at 0 and 3 months. Leukocyte subpopulations, immunoglobulin levels and cytokine secretion were measured. T cells were assessed for their levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic status and their proliferative capacity. Levels of antioxidants were determined in serum by mass spectrometry. Responses of monocyte activation markers as well as NFkB and MAPK pathways to DMF were analysed. RESULTS Upon DMF treatment, all lymphocyte subpopulations dropped significantly over the course of 12 months with cytotoxic and effector T cells being affected most significantly. DMF induced cell death and inhibited proliferation of T cells in-vitro. Interestingly, this anti-proliferative effect decreased under treatment. In-vivo DMF treatment led to decreased T cell glycolysis and higher turn-over of antioxidants. In line with these results a significant increase of cytosolic ROS levels after 3 months treatment was detected in T cells. In-vitro DMF treatment reduced NFkB (p65) translocation to the nucleus and MAPK (p38) levels decreased upon stimulation with monomethyl fumarate (MMF) in-vitro and ex-vivo. Consequently, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules like CD40 and CD150 was decreased in antigen presenting cells both in-vitro and ex-vivo. CONCLUSION This study translates knowledge from in-vitro and animal studies on DMF into the clinical setting. Our data suggest that DMF not only alters lymphocyte composition, but also has profound effects on proliferation and induces oxidative stress in T cells. It also acts on innate immunity by reducing the activation status of antigen presenting cells (APCs) via NFkB and MAPK inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diebold
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Sievers
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Sanderson
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raija L P Lindberg
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Controlling the pro-inflammatory function of 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan) dendritic cells with dimethylfumarate. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:278-284. [PMID: 28732748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND The fumaric acid ester (FAE) dimethylfumarate (DMF) is a small molecule immunomodulator successfully used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis (MS). DMF is thought to inhibit pathogenic immune responses with Th17/Th1T cells, and IL-23/IL-12 producing dendritic cells (DCs). 6-sulfo LacNAc expressing dendritic cells (slanDCs) are a human pro-inflammatory cell type found frequently among the infiltrating leukocytes in skin lesions of psoriasis and brain lesions of MS. OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of DMF on functional properties and cell signaling pathways of slanDCs. METHODS In the context of slanDCs we studied the role of DMF in modulating cell migration, phenotypic maturation, cytokine production, cell signaling and T cell stimulation. RESULTS Initially, we observed the reduction of slanDCs numbers in psoriasis skin lesions of FAE treated patients. Studying whether DMF controls the migratory capacity of slanDCs to chemotactic factors expressed in psoriasis we observed an inhibition of the CX3CL1 and C5a depedent cell migration. DMF also attenuated the rapid spontaneous phenotypic maturation of slanDCs, as judged by a reduced CD80, CD86, CD83 and HLA-DR expression. In addition, we observed a DMF-dependent decrease of IL-23, IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 secretion, and noticed a reduced capacity to stimulate Th17/Th1 responses. DMF targeted in slanDCs different intracellular cell signaling pathways including NFκB, STAT1 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS With this study we identify a frequent pro-inflammatory cell type found in psoriasis and MS as a relevant target for the therapeutic immunomodulatory effects of DMF.
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Fiedler SE, George JD, Love HN, Kim E, Spain R, Bourdette D, Salinthone S. Analysis of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α production in monocytes isolated from multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease modifying drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 28966794 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown, but blood derived monocytes/macrophages are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis through phagocytosis of myelin and production of inflammatory mediators. The objective of this study is to examine inflammatory cytokines that are present at elevated levels in active MS lesions to determine whether there are differences between classically stimulated monocytes isolated from healthy control (HC) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) subjects taking disease modifying drugs (DMDs), including dimethyl fumarate (DMF). SUBJECTS Thirty-nine veterans of the US Armed Forces were enrolled, 21 health controls (HC), and 18 with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), all taking DMDs. METHODS Use ELISAs to measure production of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α by LPS-stimulated peripheral monocytes. RESULTS Activation of monocytes from MS subjects produced significantly more IL-6 than healthy controls (49531 ± 20795 vs 10526 ± 4845), and IL-6 production trended higher in MS subjects taking DMF than those taking other DMDs (72186.9 ± 35156.2 vs 32585.8 ± 17135.4). There were no significant differences in IL-1β or TNF-α secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that not all DMDs may provide disease modification by suppressing monocyte/macrophage production of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fiedler
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joshua D George
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Haley N Love
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Spain
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Dennis Bourdette
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sonemany Salinthone
- VA Portland Health Care System, Research and Development Service, 3710 SW US Veterans' Hospital Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
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