1
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Liu G, Chen ZG, Yang LR, Rong YX, Wang Q, Li L, Lu QW, Jiang MD, Qi HY. Z-ligustilide preferentially caused mitochondrial dysfunction in AML HL-60 cells by activating nuclear receptors NUR77 and NOR1. Chin Med 2023; 18:123. [PMID: 37735686 PMCID: PMC10512564 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptors NUR77 and NOR1 were identified as critical targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy. Previously, we showed that Z-ligustilide (Z-LIG) selectively targeted AML by restoring NUR77 and NOR1. However, its downstream mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. METHODS SRB staining assay was used to measure cell viability. Cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were analyzed using flow cytometry. The potential targets of Z-LIG in AML HL-60 cells were evaluated by RNA sequencing. Changes in RNA levels were measured using quantitative RT-qPCR and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of proteins. RESULTS Z-LIG preferentially induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HL-60 cells compared with 293T cells. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed that mitochondrial transcription and translation might be potential Z-LIG targets inhibiting HL-60 cells. NUR77/NOR1 overexpression significantly reduced the mitochondrial ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in HL-60 cells but not in 293T cells. Moreover, Z-LIG induced mitochondrial dysfunction by restoring NUR77 and NOR1 in HL-60 cells. Compared with HL-60 cells, the apoptosis-inducing activities of NUR77/NOR1 and Z-LIG were significantly reduced in HL-60 ρ0 cells depleted in mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA). Moreover, NUR77/NOR1 and Z-LIG downregulated mitochondrial transcription and translation related proteins in HL-60 cells. Notably, Z-LIG remarkably reduced mitochondrial ATP in primary AML cells and showed anti-AML activity in mouse models of human AML. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggested that Z-LIG selectively induces mitochondrial dysfunction in AML HL-60 cells by restoring NUR77 and NOR1, a process associated with interference in mtDNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li-Rong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Xia Rong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qian-Wei Lu
- Radiotherapy Department, Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Dong Jiang
- Radiotherapy Department, Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Yi Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Kaldunski ML, Smith JR, Brodie KC, De Pons JL, Demos WM, Gibson AC, Hayman GT, Lamers L, Laulederkind SJF, Thorat K, Thota J, Tutaj MA, Tutaj M, Vedi M, Wang SJ, Zacher S, Dwinell MR, Kwitek AE. Rare disease research resources at the Rat Genome Database. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad078. [PMID: 37119810 PMCID: PMC10411567 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases individually affect relatively few people, but as a group they impact considerable numbers of people. The Rat Genome Database (https://rgd.mcw.edu) is a knowledgebase that offers resources for rare disease research. This includes disease definitions, genes, quantitative trail loci (QTLs), genetic variants, annotations to published literature, links to external resources, and more. One important resource is identifying relevant cell lines and rat strains that serve as models for disease research. Diseases, genes, and strains have report pages with consolidated data, and links to analysis tools. Utilizing these globally accessible resources for rare disease research, potentiating discovery of mechanisms and new treatments, can point researchers toward solutions to alleviate the suffering of those afflicted with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Kaldunski
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer R Smith
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kent C Brodie
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jeffrey L De Pons
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Wendy M Demos
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Adam C Gibson
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - G Thomas Hayman
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Logan Lamers
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stanley J F Laulederkind
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ketaki Thorat
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jyothi Thota
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marek A Tutaj
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monika Tutaj
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mahima Vedi
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shur-Jen Wang
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stacy Zacher
- Finance and Administration, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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3
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Steinskog ESS, Finne K, Enger M, Helgeland L, Iversen PO, McCormack E, Wiig H, Tenstad O. Isolation of lymph shows dysregulation of STAT3 and CREB pathways in the spleen and liver during leukemia development in a rat model. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12800. [PMID: 36702790 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant condition characterized by massive infiltration of poorly differentiated white blood cells in the blood stream, bone marrow, and extramedullary sites. During leukemic development, hepatosplenomegaly is expected to occur because large blood volumes are continuously filtered through these organs. We asked whether infiltration of leukemic blasts initiated a response that could be detected in the interstitial fluid phase of the spleen and liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used a rat model known to mimic human AML in growth characteristics and behavior. By cannulating efferent lymphatic vessels from the spleen and liver, we were able to monitor the response of the microenvironment during AML development. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes showed increased STAT3 and CREB signaling in spleen and depressed signaling in liver, and proteins related to these pathways were identified with a different profile in lymph and plasma in AML compared with control. Additionally, several proteins were differently regulated in the microenvironment of spleen and liver in AML when compared with control. CONCLUSION Interstitial fluid, and its surrogate efferent lymph, can be used to provide unique information about responses in AML-infiltered organs and substances released to the general circulation during leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Finne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Enger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Helgeland
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Dozzo A, Galvin A, Shin JW, Scalia S, O'Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Modelling acute myeloid leukemia (AML): What's new? A transition from the classical to the modern. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4. [PMID: 35930221 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy affecting myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) but can spread giving rise to impaired hematopoiesis. AML incidence increases with age and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. There has been a disconnect between the success of novel drug compounds observed in preclinical studies of hematological malignancy and less than exceptional therapeutic responses in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the different preclinical models of AML available to expand insights into disease pathology and as preclinical screening tools. Deciphering the complex physiological and pathological processes and developing predictive preclinical models are key to understanding disease progression and fundamental in the development and testing of new effective drug treatments. Standard scaffold-free suspension models fail to recapitulate the complex environment where AML occurs. To this end, we review advances in scaffold/matrix-based 3D models and outline the most recent advances in on-chip technology. We also provide an overview of clinically relevant animal models and review the expanding use of patient-derived samples, which offer the prospect to create more "patient specific" screening tools either in the guise of 3D matrix models, microphysiological "organ-on-chip" tools or xenograft models and discuss representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Galvin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 909 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 5091 COMRB, USA
| | - Santo Scalia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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5
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Salazar-Terreros MJ, Vernot JP. In Vitro and In Vivo Modeling of Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow Niches: Cellular Senescence Contribution to Leukemia Induction and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7350. [PMID: 35806354 PMCID: PMC9266537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a dynamic process in which cells evolve and adapt in a context dependent manner; consequently, senescent cells can exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on their surroundings. Specifically, senescent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the bone marrow (BM) have been linked to the generation of a supporting microenvironment that enhances malignant cell survival. However, the study of MSC's senescence role in leukemia development has been straitened not only by the availability of suitable models that faithfully reflect the structural complexity and biological diversity of the events triggered in the BM, but also by the lack of a universal, standardized method to measure senescence. Despite these constraints, two- and three dimensional in vitro models have been continuously improved in terms of cell culture techniques, support materials and analysis methods; in addition, research on animal models tends to focus on the development of techniques that allow tracking leukemic and senescent cells in the living organism, as well as to modify the available mice strains to generate individuals that mimic human BM characteristics. Here, we present the main advances in leukemic niche modeling, discussing advantages and limitations of the different systems, focusing on the contribution of senescent MSC to leukemia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Janeth Salazar-Terreros
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
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6
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Xin Q, Chen Z, Wei W, Wu Y. Animal models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Recapitulating the human disease to evaluate drug efficacy and discover therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114970. [PMID: 35183530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematologic tumor with highly aggressive characteristics, which is prone to relapse, has a poor prognosis and few clinically effective drugs. It is meaningful to gain a better understanding of its pathogenesis in order to discover and evaluate potential therapeutic drugs and new treatment targets. The goal of developing novel targeted drugs and treatment methods is to increase complete remission, reduce toxicity and morbidity, and that is also the most important prerequisite for modern leukemia treatment. However, the process of new drugs from research and development to clinical application is long and difficult. Many promising drugs were rejected by the USFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA) due to serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) in clinical phase I trials. Animal models provide us with an excellent tool to understand the complex pathological mechanisms of human diseases, to evaluate the potential of new targeted drugs and therapeutic approaches to treat ALL in vivo and, more importantly, to assess the potential ADR they may have on healthy organs. In this article we review ALL animal models' progression, their roles in revealing the pathogenesis of ALL and drug development. Additionally, we mainly focus on the mouse models, especially xenotransplantation and transgenic models that more closely reproduce the human phenotype. In conclusion, we summarize the advantages and limitations of each model, thereby facilitating further understanding the etiology of ALL, and eventually contributing to the effective management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Xin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yujing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
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7
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Azoulay D, Horowitz NA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hematological malignancies: From detrimental to potentially beneficial. Blood Rev 2021; 51:100871. [PMID: 34344590 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies have highlighted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuronal growth factor abundant in the peripheral blood, and its tyrosine kinase receptor TRKB, as onco-genes and proteins that support the survival of malignant hematological cells. In contrast, other researchers reported on a favorable association between BDNF blood levels and prognosis, chemotherapy response and neurological side effects in patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we review the accumulated data regarding the expression of BDNF and its receptors in normal hematopoietic and lymphatic cells and tissue. In addition, in-vitro experiments, animal models and human sample studies that investigated the role of BDNF and its receptors in hematological malignancies are discussed. Finally, directions for future research aimed at revealing the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of BDNF in patients with these diseases are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Azoulay
- Hematology Unit and Laboratories, Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Netanel A Horowitz
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Kaur M, Drake AC, Hu G, Rudnick S, Chen Q, Phennicie R, Attar R, Nemeth J, Gaudet F, Chen J. Induction and Therapeutic Targeting of Human NPM1c + Myeloid Leukemia in the Presence of Autologous Immune System in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1885-1894. [PMID: 30710044 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of targeted cancer therapy requires a thorough understanding of mechanisms of tumorigenesis as well as mechanisms of action of therapeutics. This is challenging because by the time patients are diagnosed with cancer, early events of tumorigenesis have already taken place. Similarly, development of cancer immunotherapies is hampered by a lack of appropriate small animal models with autologous human tumor and immune system. In this article, we report the development of a mouse model of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with autologous immune system for studying early events of human leukemogenesis and testing the efficacy of immunotherapeutics. To develop such a model, human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) are transduced with lentiviruses expressing a mutated form of nucleophosmin (NPM1), referred to as NPM1c. Following engraftment into immunodeficient mice, transduced HSPCs give rise to human myeloid leukemia, whereas untransduced HSPCs give rise to human immune cells in the same mice. The de novo AML, with CD123+ leukemic stem or initiating cells (LSC), resembles NPM1c+ AML from patients. Transcriptional analysis of LSC and leukemic cells confirms similarity of the de novo leukemia generated in mice with patient leukemia and suggests Myc as a co-operating factor in NPM1c-driven leukemogenesis. We show that a bispecific conjugate that binds both CD3 and CD123 eliminates CD123+ LSCs in a T cell-dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrate the utility of the NPM1c+ AML model with an autologous immune system for studying early events of human leukemogenesis and for evaluating efficacy and mechanism of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Adam C Drake
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
| | - Ryan Phennicie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ricardo Attar
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Springhouse, PA 19477; and
| | - Jeffrey Nemeth
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Springhouse, PA 19477; and
| | | | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; .,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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9
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The Impact of the Cellular Origin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Learning From Mouse Models. Hemasphere 2019; 3:e152. [PMID: 31723801 PMCID: PMC6745939 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease driven by a limited number of cooperating mutations. There is a long-standing debate as to whether AML driver mutations occur in hematopoietic stem or in more committed progenitor cells. Here, we review how different mouse models, despite their inherent limitations, have functionally demonstrated that cellular origin plays a critical role in the biology of the disease, influencing clinical outcome. AML driven by potent oncogenes such as mixed lineage leukemia fusions often seem to emerge from committed myeloid progenitors whereas AML without any major cytogenetic abnormalities seem to develop from a combination of preleukemic initiating events arising in the hematopoietic stem cell pool. More refined mouse models may serve as experimental platforms to identify and validate novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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10
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Almosailleakh M, Schwaller J. Murine Models of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E453. [PMID: 30669675 PMCID: PMC6358780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a rare but severe form of human cancer that results from a limited number of functionally cooperating genetic abnormalities leading to uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Before the identification of genetic driver lesions, chemically, irradiation or viral infection-induced mouse leukaemia models provided platforms to test novel chemotherapeutics. Later, transgenic mouse models were established to test the in vivo transforming potential of newly cloned fusion genes and genetic aberrations detected in patients' genomes. Hereby researchers constitutively or conditionally expressed the respective gene in the germline of the mouse or reconstituted the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated mice with bone marrow virally expressing the mutation of interest. More recently, immune deficient mice have been explored to study patient-derived human AML cells in vivo. Unfortunately, although complementary to each other, none of the currently available strategies faithfully model the initiation and progression of the human disease. Nevertheless, fast advances in the fields of next generation sequencing, molecular technology and bioengineering are continuously contributing to the generation of better mouse models. Here we review the most important AML mouse models of each category, briefly describe their advantages and limitations and show how they have contributed to our understanding of the biology and to the development of novel therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Carcinogens/administration & dosage
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Editing
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Radiation, Ionizing
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Almosailleakh
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital beider Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University Children's Hospital beider Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Pievani A, Michelozzi IM, Rambaldi B, Granata V, Corsi A, Dazzi F, Biondi A, Serafini M. Fludarabine as a cost-effective adjuvant to enhance engraftment of human normal and malignant hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9125. [PMID: 29904072 PMCID: PMC6002385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still an unmet need for xenotransplantation models that efficiently recapitulate normal and malignant human hematopoiesis. Indeed, there are a number of strategies to generate humanized mice and specific protocols, including techniques to optimize the cytokine environment of recipient mice and drug alternatives or complementary to the standard conditioning regimens, that can be significantly modulated. Unfortunately, the high costs related to the use of sophisticated mouse models may limit the application of these models to studies that require an extensive experimental design. Here, using an affordable and convenient method, we demonstrate that the administration of fludarabine (FludaraTM) promotes the extensive and rapid engraftment of human normal hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice. Quantification of human CD45+ cells in bone marrow revealed approximately a 102-fold increase in mice conditioned with irradiation plus fludarabine. Engrafted cells in the bone marrow included hematopoietic stem cells, as well as myeloid and lymphoid cells. Moreover, this model proved to be sufficient for robust reconstitution of malignant myeloid hematopoiesis, permitting primary acute myeloid leukemia cells to engraft as early as 8 weeks after the transplant. Overall, these results present a novel and affordable model for engraftment of human normal and malignant hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pievani
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.,Department of Haemato-Oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, SE59NU, UK
| | - I M Michelozzi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - B Rambaldi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - V Granata
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - A Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - F Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, SE59NU, UK
| | - A Biondi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - M Serafini
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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12
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Copy number abnormality of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines based on their genetic subtypes. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:312-318. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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An atlas of bloodstream-accessible bone marrow proteins for site-directed therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2017; 32:510-519. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Zhang Q, Feng Y, Kennedy D. Multidrug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells hijack cellular systems to circumvent systemic therapies, can natural products reverse this? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:777-801. [PMID: 27622244 PMCID: PMC11107623 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective and broadly used approaches for cancer management and many modern regimes can eliminate the bulk of the cancer cells. However, recurrence and metastasis still remain a major obstacle leading to the failure of systemic cancer treatments. Therefore, to improve the long-term eradication of cancer, the cellular and molecular pathways that provide targets which play crucial roles in drug resistance should be identified and characterised. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the existence of tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are two major contributors to the failure of chemotherapy. MDR describes cancer cells that become resistant to structurally and functionally unrelated anti-cancer agents. CSCs are a small population of cells within cancer cells with the capacity of self-renewal, tumor metastasis, and cell differentiation. CSCs are also believed to be associated with chemoresistance. Thus, MDR and CSCs are the greatest challenges for cancer chemotherapy. A significant effort has been made to identify agents that specifically target MDR cells and CSCs. Consequently, some agents derived from nature have been developed with a view that they may overcome MDR and/or target CSCs. In this review, natural products-targeting MDR cancer cells and CSCs are summarized and clustered by their targets in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Derek Kennedy
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
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15
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Rotiroti MC, Arcangeli S, Casucci M, Perriello V, Bondanza A, Biondi A, Tettamanti S, Biagi E. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Targeting by Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells: Bridging the Gap from Preclinical Modeling to Human Studies. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:231-241. [PMID: 27967241 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still represents an unmet clinical need for adult and pediatric high-risk patients, thus demanding advanced and personalized therapies. In this regard, different targeted immunotherapeutic approaches are available, ranging from naked monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to conjugated and multifunctional mAbs (i.e., BiTEs and DARTs). Recently, researchers have focused their attention on novel techniques of genetic manipulation specifically to redirect cytotoxic T cells endowed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) toward selected tumor associated antigens. So far, CAR T cells targeting the CD19 antigen expressed by B-cell origin hematological cancers have gained impressive clinical results, leading to the possibility of translating the CAR platform to treat other hematological malignancies such as AML. However, one of the main concerns in the field of AML CAR immunotherapy is the identification of an ideal target cell surface antigen, being highly expressed on tumor cells but minimally present on healthy tissues, together with the design of an anti-AML CAR appropriately balancing efficacy and safety profiles. The current review focuses mainly on AML target antigens and the related immunotherapeutic approaches developed so far, deeply dissecting methods of CAR T cell safety improvements, when designing novel CARs approaching human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Rotiroti
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Arcangeli
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Monica Casucci
- 2 Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Perriello
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- 2 Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Sarah Tettamanti
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Ettore Biagi
- 1 Molecular Therapy Unit, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca , San Gerardo Hospital/MBBM Foundation, Monza, Italy
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16
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Wei TYW, Wu PY, Wu TJ, Hou HA, Chou WC, Teng CLJ, Lin CR, Chen JMM, Lin TY, Su HC, Huang CCF, Yu CTR, Hsu SL, Tien HF, Tsai MD. Aurora A and NF-κB Survival Pathway Drive Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via the TRAF-Interacting Protein TIFA. Cancer Res 2016; 77:494-508. [PMID: 28069801 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A-dependent NF-κB signaling portends poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other cancers, but the functional basis underlying this association is unclear. Here, we report that Aurora A is essential for Thr9 phosphorylation of the TRAF-interacting protein TIFA, triggering activation of the NF-κB survival pathway in AML. TIFA protein was overexpressed concurrently with Aurora A and NF-κB signaling factors in patients with de novo AML relative to healthy individuals and also correlated with poor prognosis. Silencing TIFA in AML lines and primary patient cells decreased leukemic cell growth and chemoresistance via downregulation of prosurvival factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL that support NF-κB-dependent antiapoptotic events. Inhibiting TIFA perturbed leukemic cytokine secretion and reduced the IC50 of chemotherapeutic drug treatments in AML cells. Furthermore, in vivo delivery of TIFA-inhibitory fragments potentiated the clearance of myeloblasts in the bone marrow of xenograft-recipient mice via enhanced chemotoxicity. Collectively, our results showed that TIFA supports AML progression and that its targeting can enhance the efficacy of AML treatments. Cancer Res; 77(2); 494-508. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-You Wade Wei
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jung Wu
- Division of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ru Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yang Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chun Su
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Bhatia S, Daschkey S, Lang F, Borkhardt A, Hauer J. Mouse models for pre-clinical drug testing in leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1081-1091. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1229297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Jonas BA, Johnson C, Gratzinger D, Majeti R. Alkylator-Induced and Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Models of Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms Model Clinical Disease and Suggest the Presence of Multiple Cell Subpopulations with Leukemia Stem Cell Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159189. [PMID: 27428079 PMCID: PMC4948781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive bone marrow cancers arising from transformed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Therapy-related AML and MDS (t-AML/MDS) comprise a subset of AML cases occurring after exposure to alkylating chemotherapy and/or radiation and are associated with a very poor prognosis. Less is known about the pathogenesis and disease-initiating/leukemia stem cell (LSC) subpopulations of t-AML/MDS compared to their de novo counterparts. Here, we report the development of mouse models of t-AML/MDS. First, we modeled alkylator-induced t-AML/MDS by exposing wild type adult mice to N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU), resulting in several models of AML and MDS that have clinical and pathologic characteristics consistent with human t-AML/MDS including cytopenia, myelodysplasia, and shortened overall survival. These models were limited by their inability to transplant clinically aggressive disease. Second, we established three patient-derived xenograft models of human t-AML. These models led to rapidly fatal disease in recipient immunodeficient xenografted mice. LSC activity was identified in multiple HSPC subpopulations suggesting there is no canonical LSC immunophenotype in human t-AML. Overall, we report several new t-AML/MDS mouse models that could potentially be used to further define disease pathogenesis and test novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - Carl Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Getlik M, Smil D, Zepeda-Velázquez C, Bolshan Y, Poda G, Wu H, Dong A, Kuznetsova E, Marcellus R, Senisterra G, Dombrovski L, Hajian T, Kiyota T, Schapira M, Arrowsmith CH, Brown PJ, Vedadi M, Al-awar R. Structure-Based Optimization of a Small Molecule Antagonist of the Interaction Between WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5) and Mixed-Lineage Leukemia 1 (MLL1). J Med Chem 2016; 59:2478-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Getlik
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David Smil
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carlos Zepeda-Velázquez
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Yuri Bolshan
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Kuznetsova
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Richard Marcellus
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Guillermo Senisterra
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ludmila Dombrovski
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taraneh Hajian
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter J. Brown
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rima Al-awar
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661
University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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20
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Papież MA, Krzyściak W, Szade K, Bukowska-Straková K, Kozakowska M, Hajduk K, Bystrowska B, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Curcumin enhances the cytogenotoxic effect of etoposide in leukemia cells through induction of reactive oxygen species. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:557-70. [PMID: 26893544 PMCID: PMC4745860 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin may exert a more selective cytotoxic effect in tumor cells with elevated levels of free radicals. Here, we investigated whether curcumin can modulate etoposide action in myeloid leukemia cells and in normal cells of hematopoietic origin. HL-60 cell line, normal myeloid progenitor cluster of differentiation (CD)-34+ cells, and granulocytes were incubated for 4 or 24 hours at different concentrations of curcumin and/or etoposide. Brown Norway rats with acute myeloid leukemia (BNML) were used to prove the influence of curcumin on etoposide action in vivo. Rats were treated with curcumin for 23 days and etoposide was administered for the final 3 days of the experiment. Curcumin synergistically potentiated the cytotoxic effect of etoposide, and it intensified apoptosis and phosphorylation of the histone H2AX induced by this cytostatic drug in leukemic HL-60 cells. In contrast, curcumin did not significantly modify etoposide-induced cytotoxicity and H2AX phosphorylation in normal CD34+ cells and granulocytes. Curcumin modified the cytotoxic action of etoposide in HL-60 cells through intensification of free radical production because preincubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of curcumin itself and a combination of two compounds. In contrast, NAC did not decrease the cytotoxic effect of etoposide. Thus, oxidative stress plays a greater role in the cytotoxic effect of curcumin than that of etoposide in HL-60 cells. In vitro results were confirmed in a BNML model. Pretreatment with curcumin enhanced the antileukemic activity of etoposide in BNML rats (1.57-fold tumor reduction versus etoposide alone; P<0.05) and induced apoptosis of BNML cells more efficiently than etoposide alone (1.54-fold change versus etoposide alone; P<0.05), but this treatment protected nonleukemic B-cells from apoptosis. Thus, curcumin can increase the antileukemic effect of etoposide through reactive oxygen species in sensitive myeloid leukemia cells, and it is harmless to normal human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Papież
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Straková
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kozakowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Hajduk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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21
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Oh PS, Hwang H, Jeong HS, Kwon J, Kim HS, Kim M, Lim S, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Blue light emitting diode induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells by stimulating autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 70:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Cardona ME, Simonson OE, Oprea II, Moreno PMD, Silva-Lara MF, Mohamed AJ, Christensson B, Gahrton G, Dilber MS, Smith CIE, Arteaga HJ. A murine model of acute myeloid leukemia with Evi1 overexpression and autocrine stimulation by an intracellular form of GM-CSF in DA-3 cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:183-92. [PMID: 25907616 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The poor treatment response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) overexpressing high-risk oncogenes such as EVI1, demands specific animal models for new treatment evaluations. Evi1 is a common site of activating integrations in murine leukemia virus (MLV)-induced AML and in retroviral and lentiviral gene-modified HCS. Still, a model of overt AML induced by Evi1 has not been generated. Cell lines from MLV-induced AML are growth factor-dependent and non-transplantable. Hence, for the leukemia maintenance in the infected animals, a growth factor source such as chronic immune response has been suggested. We have investigated whether these leukemias are transplantable if provided with growth factors. We show that the Evi1(+)DA-3 cells modified to express an intracellular form of GM-CSF, acquired growth factor independence and transplantability and caused an overt leukemia in syngeneic hosts, without increasing serum GM-CSF levels. We propose this as a general approach for modeling different forms of high-risk human AML using similar cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Cardona
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Iulian I Oprea
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Pedro M D Moreno
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Maria F Silva-Lara
- b Departament of Basic Science, Medical School, Universidad Industrial de Santander , Colombia
| | - Abdalla J Mohamed
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden.,e Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Negara Brunei Darussalam , Brunei
| | - Birger Christensson
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Gösta Gahrton
- d Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - M Sirac Dilber
- d Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - H Jose Arteaga
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden.,b Departament of Basic Science, Medical School, Universidad Industrial de Santander , Colombia
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23
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Brenner AK, Reikvam H, Lavecchia A, Bruserud Ø. Therapeutic targeting the cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases in human acute myeloid leukemia--the possibility to target several kinases through inhibition of the various CDC25 isoforms. Molecules 2014; 19:18414-47. [PMID: 25397735 PMCID: PMC6270710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases include CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. These three molecules are important regulators of several steps in the cell cycle, including the activation of various cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDC25s seem to have a role in the development of several human malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and CDC25 inhibition is therefore considered as a possible anticancer strategy. Firstly, upregulation of CDC25A can enhance cell proliferation and the expression seems to be controlled through PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, a pathway possibly mediating chemoresistance in human AML. Loss of CDC25A is also important for the cell cycle arrest caused by differentiation induction of malignant hematopoietic cells. Secondly, high CDC25B expression is associated with resistance against the antiproliferative effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitors in primary human AML cells, and inhibition of this isoform seems to reduce AML cell line proliferation through effects on NFκB and p300. Finally, CDC25C seems important for the phenotype of AML cells at least for a subset of patients. Many of the identified CDC25 inhibitors show cross-reactivity among the three CDC25 isoforms. Thus, by using such cross-reactive inhibitors it may become possible to inhibit several molecular events in the regulation of cell cycle progression and even cytoplasmic signaling, including activation of several CDKs, through the use of a single drug. Such combined strategies will probably be an advantage in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway.
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24
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MicroSPECT/CT imaging of primary human AML engrafted into the bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID mice using 111In-DTPA-NLS-CSL360 radioimmunoconjugates recognizing the CD123+/CD131− epitope expressed by leukemia stem cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Giraud F, Bourhis M, Nauton L, Théry V, Herfindal L, Døskeland SO, Anizon F, Moreau P. New N-1,N-10-bridged pyrrolo[2,3-a]carbazole-3-carbaldehydes: synthesis and biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2014; 57:108-115. [PMID: 25305721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new pyrrolocarbazoles substituted at N-1/N-10 positions is described. All the compounds tested demonstrated moderate to high Pim-1/Pim-3 kinase inhibitory potency. The most active inhibitors identified in this series (3, 17) have an alkyl chain bridging the N-1 and N-10 positions. These compounds (3, 17) exhibited apoptosis-inducing activity toward acute myeloid leukemia IPC-81 cells, but not toward normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Giraud
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Marion Bourhis
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Vincent Théry
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Ove Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabrice Anizon
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France.
| | - Pascale Moreau
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, 63177 Aubière, France.
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CXXC5 (retinoid-inducible nuclear factor, RINF) is a potential therapeutic target in high-risk human acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1438-48. [PMID: 23988457 PMCID: PMC3824541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoid-responsive gene CXXC5 localizes to the 5q31.2 chromosomal region and encodes a retinoid-inducible nuclear factor (RINF) that seems important during normal myelopoiesis. We investigated CXXC5/RINF expression in primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 594 patients, and a wide variation in CXXC5/RINF mRNA levels was observed both in the immature leukemic myeloblasts and in immature acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Furthermore, patients with low-risk cytogenetic abnormalities showed significantly lower levels compared to patients with high-risk abnormalities, and high RINF/CXXC5/ mRNA levels were associated with decreased overall survival for patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. This association with prognosis was seen both when investigating (i) an unselected patient population as well as for patients with (ii) normal cytogenetic and (iii) core-binding factor AML. CXXC5/RINF knockdown in AML cell lines caused increased susceptibility to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and regulation of apoptosis also seemed to differ between primary human AML cells with high and low RINF expression. The association with adverse prognosis together with the antiapoptotic effect of CXXC5/RINF suggests that targeting of CXXC5/RINF should be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy, especially in high-risk patients who show increased expression in AML cells compared with normal hematopoietic cells.
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Cyanobacteria from terrestrial and marine sources contain apoptogens able to overcome chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2036-53. [PMID: 24705501 PMCID: PMC4012442 DOI: 10.3390/md12042036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated forty cyanobacterial isolates from biofilms, gastropods, brackish water and symbiotic lichen habitats. Their aqueous and organic extracts were used to screen for apoptosis-inducing activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells. A total of 28 extracts showed cytotoxicity against rat acute myeloid leukemia (IPC-81) cells. The design of the screen made it possible to eliminate known toxins, such as microcystins and nodularin, or known metabolites with anti-leukemic activity, such as adenosine and its analogs. A cytotoxicity test on human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) fibroblasts indicated that 21 of the 28 extracts containing anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) activity showed selectivity in favor of leukemia cells. Extracts L26-O and L30-O were able to partly overcome the chemotherapy resistance induced by the oncogenic protein Bcl-2, whereas extract L1-O overcame protection from the deletion of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In conclusion, cyanobacteria are a prolific resource for anti-leukemia compounds that have potential for pharmaceutical applications. Based on the variety of cellular responses, we also conclude that the different anti-leukemic compounds in the cyanobacterial extracts target different elements of the death machinery of mammalian cells.
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Bouaziz Z, Issa S, Gentili J, Gratz A, Bollacke A, Kassack M, Jose J, Herfindal L, Gausdal G, Døskeland SO, Mullié C, Sonnet P, Desgrouas C, Taudon N, Valdameri G, Di Pietro A, Baitiche M, Le Borgne M. Biologically active carbazole derivatives: focus on oxazinocarbazoles and related compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:180-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.899594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zouhair Bouaziz
- EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France,
| | - Samar Issa
- Ecole de Biologie Industrielle, EBInnov, Cergy-Pontoise, France,
| | - Jacques Gentili
- EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France,
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Jose
- IPMC, PharmaCampus, WWU Münster, Germany,
- IPMC, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany,
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,
- Translational Signaling Group, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,
| | - Gro Gausdal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway,
| | | | - Catherine Mullié
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), FRE-CNRS 3517, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France,
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources (LG2A), FRE-CNRS 3517, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France,
| | - Camille Desgrouas
- UMR-MD3, Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France,
| | - Nicolas Taudon
- UMR-MD3, Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France,
| | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Drug Resistance Mechanism and Modulation Group, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux (BMSSI), UMR 5086, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil, and
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Drug Resistance Mechanism and Modulation Group, Bases Moléculaires et Structurales des Systèmes Infectieux (BMSSI), UMR 5086, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France,
| | | | - Marc Le Borgne
- EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France,
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Mukhopadhyay MK, Nath D. Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of secondary acute myelolytic leukemia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:378-389. [PMID: 24440606 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, designated as environmental and occupational carcinogen and hematotoxin, has been associated with secondary leukemia. To develop a toxicokinetic model of AML, benzene can be used as leukemogenic agent. The aim of the present study was to optimize the dose, period and time of cumulative benzene exposure of Swiss Albino mice and to analyze survival rate; alteration in cell cycle regulation and other clinical manifestations in mice exposed to benzene vapour at a dose 300 ppm × 6 h/day × 5 days/week for 2 weeks, i.e., 9000(a)ppm cumulative dose. Analyzing physiological parameters like plasma enzyme profile, complete hematology (Hb %, RBC indices and WBC differentials), hematopoietic cells morphology, expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, tissue histology and analysis of DNA fragmentation, optimum conditions were established. Down regulation of p53 and p21 and up regulation of CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and E in this exposed group were marked as the optimum conditions of cellular deregulation for the development of secondary AML. Elevated level of Plasma AST/ALT with corresponding changes in liver histology showing extended sinusoids within the hepatocytic cell cords in optimally exposed animals also confirmed the toxicokinetic relation of benzene with leukemia. It can be concluded from the above observations that the 9000(a)ppm exposed animals can serve as the induced laboratory model of secondary acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Cytogenetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjani Nath
- Cytogenetics & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Abstract
Animal models have been invaluable in the efforts to better understand and ultimately treat patients suffering from leukemia. While important insights have been gleaned from these models, limitations must be acknowledged. In this review, we will highlight the various animal models of leukemia and describe their contributions to the improved understanding and treatment of these cancers.
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Silden E, Hjelle SM, Wergeland L, Sulen A, Andresen V, Bourdon JC, Micklem DR, McCormack E, Gjertsen BT. Expression of TP53 isoforms p53β or p53γ enhances chemosensitivity in TP53(null) cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56276. [PMID: 23409163 PMCID: PMC3569410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminal truncated p53 alternative spliced isoforms, p53β and p53γ, are expressed at disparate levels in cancer and are suggested to influence treatment response and therapy outcome. However, their functional role in cancer remains to be elucidated. We investigated their individual functionality in the p53null background of cell lines H1299 and SAOS-2 by stable retroviral transduction or transient transfection. Expression status of p53β and p53γ protein was found to correlate with increased response to camptothecin and doxorubicin chemotherapy. Decreased DNA synthesis and clonogenicity in p53β and p53γ congenic H1299 was accompanied by increased p21(CIP1/WAF1), Bax and Mdm2 proteins. Chemotherapy induced p53 isoform degradation, most prominent for p53γ. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib substantially increased basal p53γ protein level, while the level of p53β protein was unaffected. Treatment with dicoumarol, a putative blocker of the proteasome-related NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase NQO1, effectively attenuated basal p53γ protein level in spite of bortezomib treatment. Although in vitro proliferation and clonogenicity assays indicated a weak suppressive effect by p53β and p53γ expression, studies of in vivo subcutaneous H1299 tumor growth demonstrated a significantly increased growth by expression of either p53 isoforms. This study suggests that p53β and p53γ share functionality in chemosensitizing and tumor growth enhancement but comprise distinct regulation at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Silden
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrun M. Hjelle
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Wergeland
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Sulen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Andresen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Inserm-European Associated Laboratory Inserm U858, Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, University of Dundee Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emmet McCormack
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hematology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Multiplexed mAbs: a new strategy in preclinical time-domain imaging of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2012; 121:e34-42. [PMID: 23243270 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-429555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a fundamental role in diagnostic immunophenotyping of leukemias and in cell-targeting therapy. However, this versatility is not reflected in imaging diagnostics. In the present study, we labeled anti–human mAbs monochromatically against selected human myeloid markers expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, all with the same near-infrared fluorochrome. In a novel “multiplexing” strategy, we then combined these mAbs to overcome the limiting target-to-background ratio to image multiple xenografts of AML. Time-domain imaging was used to discriminate autofluorescence from the distinct fluorophore-conjugated antibodies. Imaging with multiplexed mAbs demonstrated superior imaging of AML to green fluorescent protein or bioluminescence and permitted evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with the standard combination of anthracycline and cytarabine in primary patient xenografts. Multiplexing mAbs against CD11b and CD11c provided surrogate imaging biomarkers of differentiation therapy in an acute promyelocytic leukemia model treated with all-trans retinoic acid combined with the histone-deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid. We present herein an optimizedapplication of multiplexed immunolabeling in vivo for optical imaging of AML cellxenografts that provides reproducible, highly accurate disease staging and monitoring of therapeutic effects.
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Wang N, Huang L, Wang D, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhou K, Yang Y, Xu D, Zhou J. Successful engraftment of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice via intrasplenic inoculation. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1158-64. [PMID: 22892848 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disorder, and primary drug resistance and relapse are thought to be the main causes for treatment failure in ALL patients. For these refractory or relapsed patients, there is an increasing demand to identify novel therapeutic approaches, which will highly rely on the use of xenotransplantation models in translational research. Given the critical role that the spleen plays in the hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in adult mice, intrasplenic inoculation of ALL cells into immunodeficient mice may represent a feasible route for leukemic xenotransplantation. In the present study, engraftments via intrasplenic inoculation in anti-mCD122 mAb conditioned NOD/SCID mice were achieved in 5 out of 11 cases, and the engrafted cells reconstituted a complete leukemic phenotype. The engrafted cells sustained the self-renewal capacity of leukemia-initiating cells as tested by serial xenotransplantation and can be used for evaluation of antileukemic drugs. These data suggest that the combination of intrasplenic inoculation and the targeted depletion of CD122(+) cells could provide a novel approach for the xenotransplantation of ALL cells in NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, this model can be used for stem cell research, long-term analysis of engraftment kinetics and in vivo drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Murati A, Brecqueville M, Devillier R, Mozziconacci MJ, Gelsi-Boyer V, Birnbaum D. Myeloid malignancies: mutations, models and management. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:304. [PMID: 22823977 PMCID: PMC3418560 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignant diseases comprise chronic (including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and acute (acute myeloid leukemia) stages. They are clonal diseases arising in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. Mutations responsible for these diseases occur in several genes whose encoded proteins belong principally to five classes: signaling pathways proteins (e.g. CBL, FLT3, JAK2, RAS), transcription factors (e.g. CEBPA, ETV6, RUNX1), epigenetic regulators (e.g. ASXL1, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1, IDH2, SUZ12, TET2, UTX), tumor suppressors (e.g. TP53), and components of the spliceosome (e.g. SF3B1, SRSF2). Large-scale sequencing efforts will soon lead to the establishment of a comprehensive repertoire of these mutations, allowing for a better definition and classification of myeloid malignancies, the identification of new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, and the development of novel therapies. Given the importance of epigenetic deregulation in myeloid diseases, the use of drugs targeting epigenetic regulators appears as a most promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Murati
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire; UMR1068 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 27 Bd, Leï Roure, BP 30059, Marseille, 13273, France
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35
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Huseby S, Gausdal G, Keen TJ, Kjærland E, Krakstad C, Myhren L, Brønstad K, Kunick C, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Kleppe R, Døskeland SO. Cyclic AMP induces IPC leukemia cell apoptosis via CRE-and CDK-dependent Bim transcription. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e237. [PMID: 22158476 PMCID: PMC3252733 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The IPC-81 cell line is derived from the transplantable BNML model of acute myelogenic leukemia (AML), known to be a reliable predictor of the clinical efficiency of antileukemic agents, like the first-line AML anthracycline drug daunorubicin (DNR). We show here that cAMP acted synergistically with DNR to induce IPC cell death. The DNR-induced death differed from that induced by cAMP by (1) not involving Bim induction, (2) being abrogated by GSK3β inhibitors, (3) by being promoted by the HSP90/p23 antagonist geldanamycin and truncated p23 and (4) by being insensitive to the CRE binding protein (CREB) antagonist ICER and to cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitors. In contrast, the apoptosis induced by cAMP correlated tightly with Bim protein expression. It was abrogated by Bim (BCL2L11) downregulation, whether achieved by the CREB antagonist ICER, by CDK inhibitors, by Bim-directed RNAi, or by protein synthesis inhibitor. The forced expression of BimL killed IPC-81WT cells rapidly, Bcl2-overexpressing cells being partially resistant. The pivotal role of CREB and CDK activity for Bim transcription is unprecedented. It is also noteworthy that newly developed cAMP analogs specifically activating PKA isozyme I (PKA-I) were able to induce IPC cell apoptosis. Our findings support the notion that AML cells may possess targetable death pathways not exploited by common anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huseby
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Synergistic induction of p53 mediated apoptosis by valproic acid and nutlin-3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2011; 26:910-7. [PMID: 22064349 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although TP53 mutations are rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), wild type p53 function is habitually annulled through overexpression of MDM2 or through various mechanisms including epigenetic silencing by histone deacetylases (HDACs). We hypothesized that co-inhibition of MDM2 and HDACs, with nutlin-3 and valproic acid (VPA) would additively inhibit growth in leukemic cells expressing wild type TP53 and induce p53-mediated apoptosis. In vitro studies with the combination demonstrated synergistic induction of apoptosis in AML cell lines and patient cells. Nutlin-3 and VPA co-treatment resulted in massive induction of p53, acetylated p53 and p53 target genes in comparison with either agent alone, followed by p53 dependent cell death with autophagic features. In primary AML cells, inhibition of proliferation by the combination therapy correlated with the CD34 expression level of AML blasts. To evaluate the combination in vivo, we developed an orthotopic, NOD/SCID IL2rγ(null) xenograft model of MOLM-13 (AML FAB M5a; wild type TP53) expressing firefly luciferase. Survival analysis and bioluminescent imaging demonstrated the superior in vivo efficacy of the dual inhibition of MDM2 and HDAC in comparison with controls. Our results suggest the concomitant targeting of MDM2-p53 and HDAC inhibition, may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML.
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Grinberg I, Dukhovny A, Goldstein RS. A rapid and simple assay for human blood malignancy engraftment, homing and chemotherapy treatment using fluorescent imaging of avian embryos. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:472-8. [PMID: 21895546 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.621563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of grafted human cells in mice using fluorescence is a rapid and simple technique whose use is continually expanding. Robust engraftment of human hematological malignancy (HHM) lines and patient cells into the naturally immunodeficient turkey embryo has recently been demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and histology. We demonstrate here that fluorescence imaging is a rapid and simple technique for detecting engraftment and homing of cells derived from HHM in turkey embryos. Raji lymphoma cells expressing a far-red fluorescent protein were injected intravascularly into turkey embryos and fluorescence was detected 8 days later in their limbs and skulls. Much stronger signals were obtained after removal of the bones from the limbs. Unlabeled Raji cells did not give a fluorescent signal. Treatment with doxorubicin dramatically reduced the fluorescent signal. Intravenously injected HL-60 leukemia cells labeled with infrared-fluorescing dye were detected in the bone marrow after 16 h. Homing was active, although some non-specific fluorescence was present. Use of fluorescence imaging of HHM in turkey embryos is therefore feasible and reduces the time, effort and expense for detecting engraftment. This technique has potential to become a high-throughput xenograft system for hematological chemotherapy development and testing, and for study of hematological cell homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Grinberg
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Leyton JV, Hu M, Gao C, Turner PV, Dick JE, Minden M, Reilly RM. Auger electron radioimmunotherapeutic agent specific for the CD123+/CD131- phenotype of the leukemia stem cell population. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1465-73. [PMID: 21816968 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.087668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our aim was to construct and characterize (111)In-nuclear translocation sequence (NLS)-7G3, an Auger electron-emitting radioimmunotherapeutic agent that preferentially recognizes the expression of CD123 (interleukin-3 receptor [IL-3R] α-subchain) in the absence of CD131 (IL-3R β-subchain) displayed by leukemia stem cells. METHODS Monoclonal antibody 7G3 was modified with 13-mer peptides [CGYGPKKKRKVGG] harboring the NLS of SV-40 large T-antigen and with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for labeling with (111)In. Immunoreactivity was evaluated in a competition radioligand binding assay and by flow cytometry. Nuclear localization of (111)In-NLS-7G3 was studied by cell fractionation in CD123(+)/CD131(-) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)-3, -4, and -5 cells or in primary AML or normal leukocytes. Micro-SPECT was performed in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice engrafted subcutaneously with Raji-CD123 tumors or with disseminated AML-3 or -5 cells. The cytotoxicity of (111)In-NLS-7G3 on AML-5 cells was studied after 7 d in culture by trypan blue dye exclusion. DNA damage was assessed using the γ-H2AX assay. RESULTS NLS-7G3 exhibited preserved CD123 immunoreactivity (affinity, 4.6 nmol/L). Nuclear importation of (111)In-NLS-7G3 in AML-3, -4, or -5 cells was specific and significantly higher than unmodified (111)In-7G3 and was greater in primary AML cells than in normal leukocytes. Rapid elimination of (111)In-NLS-7G3 in NOD/SCID mice prevented imaging of subcutaneous Raji-CD123 tumors. This phenomenon was Fc-dependent and IgG(2a) isotype-specific and was overcome by the preadministration of excess IgG(2a) or using (111)In-NLS-7G3 F(ab')(2) fragments. AML-3 and -5 cells were engrafted into the bone marrow or spleen or at extramedullary sites in NOD/SCID mice. Micro-SPECT/CT with (111)In-NLS-7G3 F(ab')(2) showed splenic involvement, whereas foci of disease were seen in the spine or femur or at extramedullary sites in the brain and lymph nodes using (111)In-NLS-7G3 IgG(2a). The viability of AML-5 cells was reduced by exposure in vitro to (111)In-NLS-7G3; this reduction was associated with an increase in unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks. CONCLUSION (111)In-NLS-7G3 is a promising novel Auger electron-emitting radioimmunotherapeutic agent for AML aimed at the leukemia stem cell population. Micro-SPECT/CT was useful for visualizing the engraftment of leukemia in NOD/SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Victor Leyton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Therapeutic effects of systemic photodynamic therapy in a leukemia animal model using A20 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2011; 27:445-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-0950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Oftedal L, Selheim F, Wahlsten M, Sivonen K, Døskeland SO, Herfindal L. Marine benthic cyanobacteria contain apoptosis-inducing activity synergizing with daunorubicin to kill leukemia cells, but not cardiomyocytes. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2659-72. [PMID: 21116413 PMCID: PMC2992999 DOI: 10.3390/md8102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of marine benthic cyanobacteria as a source of anticancer drug candidates was assessed in a screen for induction of cell death (apoptosis) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Of the 41 marine cyanobacterial strains screened, more than half contained cell death-inducing activity. Several strains contained activity against AML cells, but not against non-malignant cells like hepatocytes and cardiomyoblasts. The apoptotic cell death induced by the various strains could be distinguished by the role of caspase activation and sensitivity to the recently detected chemotherapy-resistance-associated prosurvival protein LEDGF/p75. One strain (M44) was particularly promising since its activity counteracted the protective effect of LEDGF/p75 overexpressed in AML cells, acted synergistically with the anthracycline anticancer drug daunorubicin in AML cells, and protected cardiomyoblasts against the toxic effect of anthracyclines. We conclude that culturable benthic marine cyanobacteria from temperate environments provide a promising and hitherto underexploited source for novel antileukemic drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/physiology
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyanobacteria/chemistry
- Cyanobacteria/metabolism
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drug Synergism
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Rats
- Seawater/microbiology
- Thionucleotides/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Oftedal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; E-Mails: (L.O.); (F.S.); (S.O.D.)
| | - Frode Selheim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; E-Mails: (L.O.); (F.S.); (S.O.D.)
- Proteomic Unit at the University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; E-Mails: (M.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; E-Mails: (M.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Stein Ove Døskeland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; E-Mails: (L.O.); (F.S.); (S.O.D.)
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway; E-Mails: (L.O.); (F.S.); (S.O.D.)
- Translational Signalling group, Haukeland Univ. Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +47-55 58 63 81; Fax: +47-55 58 63 60
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41
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McCormack E, Skavland J, Mujic M, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Lentinan: hematopoietic, immunological, and efficacy studies in a syngeneic model of acute myeloid leukemia. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:574-83. [PMID: 20574918 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lentinan, a beta-glucan nutritional supplement isolated from the shitake mushroom (Lentula edodes), is a biological response modifier with immunostimulatory properties. Concomitantly, the role of beta-glucans as chemoimmunotherapeutic in a number of solid cancers has been widely documented. We investigated the effects of nutritional grade lentinan upon BN rats and in a preclinical syngeneic model of acute myeloid leukemia. BN rats supplemented daily with lentinan exhibited weight gains, increased white blood cells, monocytes, and circulating cytotoxic T-cells; and had a reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and additionally IL-6. Lentinan treatment of BN rats with BNML leukemia resulted in improved cage-side health and reduced cachexia in the terminal stage of this aggressive disease. Combination of lentinan with standards of care in acute myeloid leukemia, idarubicin, and cytarabine increased average survival compared with monotherapy and reduced cachexia. These results indicate that nutritional supplementation of cancer patients with lentinan should be further investigated.
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42
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Oftedal L, Skjærven KH, Coyne RT, Edvardsen B, Rohrlack T, Skulberg OM, Døskeland SO, Herfindal L. The apoptosis-inducing activity towards leukemia and lymphoma cells in a cyanobacterial culture collection is not associated with mouse bioassay toxicity. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:489-501. [PMID: 20689978 PMCID: PMC3062024 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (83 strains and seven natural populations) were screened for content of apoptosis (cell death)-inducing activity towards neoplastic cells of the immune (jurkat acute T-cell lymphoma) and hematopoetic (acute myelogenic leukemia) lineage. Apoptogenic activity was frequent, even in strains cultured for decades, and was unrelated to whether the cyanobacteria had been collected from polar, temperate, or tropic environments. The activity was more abundant in the genera Anabaena and Microcystis compared to Nostoc, Phormidium, Planktothrix, and Pseudanabaena. Whereas the T-cell lymphoma apoptogens were frequent in organic extracts, the cell death-inducing activity towards leukemia cells resided mainly in aqueous extracts. The cyanobacteria were from a culture collection established for public health purposes to detect toxic cyanobacterial blooms, and 54 of them were tested for toxicity by the mouse bioassay. We found no correlation between the apoptogenic activity in the cyanobacterial isolates with their content of microcystin, nor with their ability to elicit a positive standard mouse bioassay. Several strains produced more than one apoptogen, differing in biophysical or biological activity. In fact, two strains contained microcystin in addition to one apoptogen specific for the AML cells, and one apoptogen specific for the T-cell lymphoma. This study shows the potential of cyanobacterial culture collections as libraries for bioactive compounds, since strains kept in cultures for decades produced apoptogens unrelated to the mouse bioassay detectable bloom-associated toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Oftedal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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43
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Establishment of Leukemia Mouse Model Using Mouse-Derived A20 Leukemic Cells, and Detection of Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow. Lab Anim Res 2010. [DOI: 10.5625/lar.2010.26.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Erikstein BS, McCormack E, Tronstad KJ, Schwede F, Berge R, Gjertsen BT. Protein kinase A activators and the pan-PPAR agonist tetradecylthioacetic acid elicit synergistic anti-leukaemic effects in AML through CREB. Leuk Res 2009; 34:77-84. [PMID: 19786302 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation represents an attractive approach for less toxic anti-leukaemic therapy. We combined protein kinase A (PKA) activation with a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator tetradecylthioacetic acid, resulting in synergistic decrease in viability of AML cell lines. PKA isoform II activation appeared to be involved in inhibition of proliferation but not induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Inhibition of CREB function protected against this anti-leukaemic effect with higher efficiency than enforced Bcl-2 expression. Preclinical studies employing the rat AML model Brown Norwegian Myeloid Leukaemia also indicated anti-leukaemic activity of the combination therapy in vivo. In conclusion, combined PKA and pan-PPAR activation should be explored further to determine its therapeutic potential.
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45
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Anti-leukemia activity of a bacterial toxin with natural specificity for LFA-1 on white blood cells. Leuk Res 2009; 34:777-85. [PMID: 19747730 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The oral bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, produces a leukotoxin (LtxA) that is specific for white blood cells (WBCs) from humans and Old World primates by interacting with lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) on susceptible cells. To determine if LtxA could be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of WBC diseases, we tested the in vitro and in vivo anti-leukemia activity of the toxin. LtxA kills human malignant WBC lines and primary leukemia cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients, but healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are relatively resistant to LtxA-mediated cytotoxicity. Levels of LFA-1 on cell lines correlated with killing by LtxA and the toxin preferentially killed cells expressing the activated form of LFA-1. In a SCID mouse model for human leukemia, LtxA had potent therapeutic value resulting in long-term survival in LtxA-treated mice. Intravenous infusion of LtxA into a rhesus macaque resulted in a drop in WBC counts at early times post-infusion; however, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and blood chemistry values remained unaffected. Thus, LtxA may be an effective and safe novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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46
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Engraftment of human blood malignancies to the turkey embryo: a robust new in vivo model. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1417-26. [PMID: 19297019 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenografting of human blood malignancies to immunodeficient SCID mice is a powerful research tool. We evaluate here whether the immunodeficient turkey embryo can also serve as a xenograft host for human blood malignancies. Human leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma lines engrafted robustly into medullary and extramedullary tissues of turkey embryos as detected by PCR, FACS and histology in 8-10 days. Four of eleven patient AML samples also engrafted the bone marrow. Grafts of two lines responded to chemotherapy with doxorubicin. The turkey embryo therefore has the potential to be a complementary xenograft model for the study of human blood malignancies.
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47
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Agliano A, Martin-Padura I, Mancuso P, Marighetti P, Rabascio C, Pruneri G, Shultz LD, Bertolini F. Human acute leukemia cells injected in NOD/LtSz-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice generate a faster and more efficient disease compared to other NOD/scid-related strains. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2222-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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A selective sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor integrates multiple molecular therapeutic targets in human leukemia. Blood 2008; 112:1382-91. [PMID: 18511810 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-138958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent bioactive sphingolipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is produced by 2 sphingosine kinase isoenzymes, SphK1 and SphK2. Expression of SphK1 is up-regulated in cancers, including leukemia, and associated with cancer progression. A screen of sphingosine analogs identified (2R,3S,4E)-N-methyl-5-(4'-pentylphenyl)-2-aminopent-4-ene-1,3-diol, designated SK1-I (BML-258), as a potent, water-soluble, isoenzyme-specific inhibitor of SphK1. In contrast to pan-SphK inhibitors, SK1-I did not inhibit SphK2, PKC, or numerous other protein kinases. SK1-I decreased growth and survival of human leukemia U937 and Jurkat cells, and enhanced apoptosis and cleavage of Bcl-2. Lethality of SK1-I was reversed by caspase inhibitors and by expression of Bcl-2. SK1-I not only decreased S1P levels but concomitantly increased levels of its proapoptotic precursor ceramide. Conversely, S1P protected against SK1-I-induced apoptosis. SK1-I also induced multiple perturbations in activation of signaling and survival-related proteins, including diminished phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt. Expression of constitutively active Akt protected against SK1-I-induced apoptosis. Notably, SK1-I potently induced apoptosis in leukemic blasts isolated from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia but was relatively sparing of normal peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Moreover, SK1-I markedly reduced growth of AML xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that specific inhibitors of SphK1 warrant attention as potential additions to the therapeutic armamentarium in leukemia.
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49
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A second prophylactic MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation protects against rat acute myeloid leukemia (BNML) without lethal graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 2008; 85:102-11. [PMID: 18192919 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000296856.53493.1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have employed a rat model for human acute myeloid leukemia, a promyelocytic leukemia in the BN rat strain (BNML), to develop new protocols for immunotherapy in combination with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT). The status of mixed chimerism in allotransplanted rats provided an opportunity for immunotherapy using alloreactive donor cells. In addition to T or natural killer (NK) cells, we introduced a second infusion of bone marrow cells as prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) to test whether an effective graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response could be obtained without clinical graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). METHODS BN rats were sublethally irradiated and transplanted with T-cell depleted bone marrow cells from either fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched (PVG) donor rats or MHC-matched (PVG.1N) as controls. Seven days after transplantation, rats were given 500 leukemic cells to mimic minimal residual disease. Additional cellular therapy was given at day +7. The efficiency of DLI was monitored by chimerism analysis in peripheral blood. RESULTS Rats receiving infusions of NK cells succumbed to leukemia. T-DLI induced complete donor T-cell chimerism and lethal GVHD. A second alloBMT protected against leukemia. This effect was dependent on an MHC incompatibility between the donor and host and also on the presence of alloreactive T cells in the second bone marrow inoculum, resulting in an increased, mixed donor T-cell chimerism. CONCLUSION A second prophylactic transplantation influenced the degree of T-cell chimerism to balance favorably between GVL and GVHD. If applicable to humans, repeated alloBMT may provide a novel approach to leukemia therapy.
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50
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McCormack E, Bruserud O, Gjertsen BT. Review: genetic models of acute myeloid leukaemia. Oncogene 2008; 27:3765-79. [PMID: 18264136 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of genetically engineered mice (GEM) have been critical in understanding disease states such as cancer, and none more so than acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), a disease characterized by over 100 distinct chromosomal translocations. A substantial proportion of cases exhibiting recurrent reciprocal translocations at diagnosis, such as t(8;21) or t(15;17) have been exhaustively studied and are currently employed in clinical diagnosis. However, a definitive conclusion regarding the leukaemogenic potential of defined transgenes for this disease remains elusive. While it is increasingly apparent that a number of cooperating mutations are necessary to develop a leukaemic phenotype, the number of models reflecting these synergisms remains few. Furthermore, little emphasis has been paid to the effect of chromosomal translocations other than recurrent genetic abnormalities, with no models reflecting the multiple abnormalities observed in high-risk cases of AML accounting for 8-10% of adult AML. Here we review the differing technologies employed in generation of GEM of AML. We discuss the relevance of GEM AML from embryonic stem cell-mediated (for example retinoic acid receptor-alpha fusions and AML1/ETO) models; through to the valuable retroviral-mediated gene transfer models. The latter have been used to great effect in defining the transforming properties of chromosomal translocation products such as MLL (found in 5-6% of all AML cases) and NUP98 (denoting poor prognosis in therapy-related disease) and particularly when co-transduced with bad prognostic factors such as Flt3 mutations. Finally, we comment on the emergence of newer transduction technologies, which can regulate the level of expression to defined cell lineages in both primary murine and human xenografts, and discuss how combining multiple genetic modalities, more relevant models of this complex disease are being generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McCormack
- Institute of Medicine, Haematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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