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Barbado J. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may be able to induce immunological tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus. Biomed J 2024; 47:100724. [PMID: 38616015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common, potentially fatal autoimmune disease involving a significant inflammatory response. SLE is characterised by failure of self-tolerance and activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, leading to persistent disease. Although current treatments achieve some improvement in patients, some SLE patients are refractory and others relapse after drug withdrawal. The toxicity of current drug regimens, with recurrent infections, together with ongoing inflammation, contribute significantly to the progressive decline in organ function. Therefore, the clinical management of SLE requires more effective and less toxic treatments, ideally inducing complete remission and self-tolerance. In this context, recently developed cell therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising and safe strategy in SLE. MSCs inhibit the activation of B cells, prevent the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells into autoreactive T cells, reprogram macrophages with anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit dendritic cells (DCs), limiting their activity as antigen-presenting cells. In addition, MSCs could induce antigen-specific tolerance by enhancing anergy processes in autoreactive cells - by inhibiting the maturation of antigen-presenting DCs, blocking the T cell receptor (TcR) pathway and secreting inhibitory molecules -, increasing apoptotic activity to eliminate them, and activating regulatory T cells (Tregs) to enhance their proliferation and induction of tolerogenic DCs. Thus, induction of self-tolerance leads to immune balance, keeping inflammation under control and reducing lupus flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barbado
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.
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2
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Chen Z, Xia X, Yao M, Yang Y, Ao X, Zhang Z, Guo L, Xu X. The dual role of mesenchymal stem cells in apoptosis regulation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:250. [PMID: 38582754 PMCID: PMC10998921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely distributed pluripotent stem cells with powerful immunomodulatory capacity. MSCs transplantation therapy (MSCT) is widely used in the fields of tissue regeneration and repair, and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Apoptosis is an important way for tissues to maintain cell renewal, but it also plays an important role in various diseases. And many studies have shown that MSCs improves the diseases by regulating cell apoptosis. The regulation of MSCs on apoptosis is double-sided. On the one hand, MSCs significantly inhibit the apoptosis of diseased cells. On the other hand, MSCs also promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and excessive immune cells. Furthermore, MSCs regulate apoptosis through multiple molecules and pathways, including three classical apoptotic signaling pathways and other pathways. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the regulation of apoptosis by MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of General Surgery, The 906th Hospital of PLA, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mengwei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of orthopedics, The 953th Hospital of PLA, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Shigatse, 857000, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 906th Hospital of PLA, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Endocrinology Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Ke H, Zhang W, Xu W, Cao Q, Li L, Liu H. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote corneal allograft survival by inhibiting T cell proliferation: A rat study. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101960. [PMID: 38007171 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allograft rejection is still the main cause of corneal transplantation failure. Therefore, we investigated the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IDO-BMSCs) in corneal allograft rejection in rats. METHODS IDO-BMSCs were constructed and co-cultured with CD4+CD24- T cells to detect their effects on the proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cells in vitro. A corneal allograft rat model was used to confirm our in vitro and in vivo observations. Therefore, IDO-BMSCs were injected directly into the recipient's conjunctiva on the day of corneal transplantation and on day 5 after operation. Corneal graft rejection indices, including corneal neovascularization, opacity, and edema, were measured for up to 14 days after transplantation. The recipients' cervical lymph nodes and peripheral blood were collected to test the role of IDO-BMSCs in immune cells using flow cytometry. RESULTS The lentivirus-mediated IDO gene was successfully transfected into BMSCs, which stably secreted the IDO protein. The proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cells was significantly inhibited after their co-culture with IDO-BMSCs. Subconjunctival injection of IDO-BMSCs into corneal allografts of rats effectively reduced graft neovascularization, promoted allograft survival, and induced immune tolerance. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the local lymph nodes and peripheral blood, along with CD4+CD25-T cells in the local lymph nodes, were significantly reduced after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IDO-BMSC treatment enhances the direct immunomodulatory effect of corneal allograft transplants in rats, promoting corneal allograft survival by inhibiting the proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25-T cells. Therefore, modification of BMSCs by lentivirus-mediated IDO gene transfection may provide a novel strategy for controlling corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China.
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China.
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Ji W, Wang W, Li P, Liu Y, Zhang B, Qi F. sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs regulate the differentiation of CD4 + T cells in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:316. [PMID: 37924141 PMCID: PMC10625288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune liver disease that can lead to liver injury and has a poor long-term prognosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive effects and can treat AIH. CD4+ T cells express the unique inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIB), which is the only receptor for the immunosuppressive factor soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFgl2). This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs (sFgl2-MSCs) on AIH. METHODS MSCs were obtained from the inguinal fat of mice and cocultured with CD4+ T cells sorted from mouse spleens. FcγRIIB expression on CD4+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. sFgl2 expression in MSCs transfected with lentiviral vectors carrying the Fgl2 gene and a green fluorescent protein-encoding sequence was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentages of Th1 cells Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were determined by flow cytometry And the levels of p-SHP2 and p-SMAD2/3 were detected by Western blotting after the cells were cocultured with MSCs for 72 h. After locating MSCs by in vivo imaging Con A-induced experimental AIH mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and administered different treatments. After 24 h histopathological scores liver function and cytokine levels were examined and the proportions of CD4+ T cells CD8+ T cells Tregs Th17 cells and Th1 cells in the spleen and liver were determined by flow cytometry. In addition immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the liver infiltration of T-bet-, Foxp3- and RORγ-positive cells. RESULTS FcγRIIB expression on CD4+ T cells was upregulated after coculture with MSCs. After coculture with sFgl2-MSCs, the proportion of Tregs among CD4+ T cells increased, the proportion of Th17 and Th1 cells decreased, and the levels of p-SHP2 and p-SMAD2/3 increased. In vivo, sFgl2-MSCs significantly improved liver function, decreased liver necrosis area, decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression, increased IL-10 expression, reduced liver infiltration of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, increased the proportion of Tregs and reduced the proportions of Th17 and Th1 cells in mice. CONCLUSION By promoting Tregs differentiation and inhibiting Th17 and Th1 cell differentiation, sFgl2 gene-modified MSCs have a more powerful therapeutic effect on Con A-induced experimental AIH and may represent a strategy for the clinical treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Baodi Clinical College, Guangchuan Road, Baodi, Tianjin, 301800, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Herzig MC, Christy BA, Montgomery RK, Cantu-Garza C, Barrera GD, Lee JH, Mucha N, Talackine JR, Abaasah IA, Bynum JA, Cap AP. Short-term assays for mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppression of T-lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225047. [PMID: 37822938 PMCID: PMC10562633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trauma patients are susceptible to coagulopathy and dysfunctional immune responses. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of the cellular therapy revolution with profound immunomodulatory, regenerative, and therapeutic potential. Routine assays to assess immunomodulation activity examine MSC effects on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and take 3-7 days. Assays that could be done in a shorter period of time would be beneficial to allow more rapid comparison of different MSC donors. The studies presented here focused on assays for MSC suppression of mitogen-stimulated PBMC activation in time frames of 24 h or less. Methods Three potential assays were examined-assays of apoptosis focusing on caspase activation, assays of phosphatidyl serine externalization (PS+) on PBMCs, and measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels using rapid ELISA methods. All assays used the same initial experimental conditions: cryopreserved PBMCs from 8 to 10 pooled donors, co-culture with and without MSCs in 96-well plates, and PBMC stimulation with mitogen for 2-72 h. Results Suppression of caspase activity in activated PBMCs by incubation with MSCs was not robust and was only significant at times after 24 h. Monitoring PS+ of live CD3+ or live CD4+/CD3+ mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, 2 h, although no increase in the percentage of PS+ cells was seen with time. The ability of MSC in co-culture to suppress PBMC PS+ externalization compared favorably to two concomitant assays for MSC co-culture suppression of PBMC proliferation, at 72 h by ATP assay, or at 96 h by fluorescently labeled protein signal dilution. TNFα release by mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, with accumulating signal over time. However, suppression levels with MSC co-culture was reliably seen only after 24 h. Discussion Takeaways from these studies are as follows: (1) while early measures of PBMC activation is evident at 2-6 h, immunosuppression was only reliably detected at 24 h; (2) PS externalization at 24 h is a surrogate assay for MSC immunomodulation; and (3) rapid ELISA assay detection of TNFα release by PBMCs is a robust and sensitive assay for MSC immunomodulation at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne C. Herzig
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara A. Christy
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robbie K. Montgomery
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carolina Cantu-Garza
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gema D. Barrera
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ji H. Lee
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas Mucha
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Talackine
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isaac A. Abaasah
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - James A. Bynum
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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Xu X, Xu L, Xia J, Wen C, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Harnessing knee joint resident mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:372-387. [PMID: 37481194 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread clinical disease characterized by cartilage degeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, there is no effective treatment for OA apart from total joint replacement in advanced stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cell with diverse differentiation capabilities and immunomodulatory potentials. MSCs are known to effectively regulate the cartilage microenvironment, promote cartilage regeneration, and alleviate OA symptoms. As a result, they are promising sources of cells for OA therapy. Recent studies have revealed the presence of resident MSCs in synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage, which can be collected as knee joint-derived MSCs (KJD-MSC). Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that KJD-MSCs have great potential for OA treatment, whether applied alone, in combination with biomaterials, or as exocrine MSCs. In this article, we will review the characteristics of MSCs in the joints, including their cytological characteristics, such as proliferation, cartilage differentiation, and immunomodulatory abilities, as well as the biological function of MSC exosomes. We will also discuss the use of tissue engineering in OA treatment and introduce the concept of a new generation of stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy, including the use of engineering, gene therapy, and gene editing techniques to create KJD-MSCs or KJD-MSC derivative exosomes with improved functionality and targeted delivery. These advances aim to maximize the efficiency of cartilage tissue engineering and provide new strategies to overcome the bottleneck of OA therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research will provide new insights into the medicinal benefit of Joint resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), specifically on its cartilage tissue engineering ability. Through this review, the community will further realize promoting joint resident mesenchymal stem cells, especially cartilage progenitor/MSC-like progenitor cells (CPSC), as a preventive measure against osteoarthritis and cartilage injury. People and medical institutions may also consider cartilage derived MSC as an alternative approach against cartilage degeneration. Moreover, the discussion presented in this study will convey valuable information for future research that will explore the medicinal benefits of cartilage derived MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China; Department of Chemistry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, China.
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Fracchia A, Khare D, Da’na S, Or R, Buxboim A, Nachmias B, Barkatz C, Golan-Gerstl R, Tiwari S, Stepensky P, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Almogi-Hazan O, Avni B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Apoptosis, TNF Alpha and Interferon Gamma Response Gene mRNA Expression in T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13689. [PMID: 37761990 PMCID: PMC10530670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of small extracellular bodies derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) for various diseases, notably through their ability to alter T-cell differentiation and function. The current study aimed to explore immunomodulatory pathway alterations within T cells through mRNA sequencing of activated T cells cocultured with bone marrow-derived MSC-sEVs. mRNA profiling of activated human T cells cocultured with MSC-sEVs or vehicle control was performed using the QIAGEN Illumina sequencing platform. Pathway networks and biological functions of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA)® software, KEGG pathway, GSEA and STRING database. A total of 364 differentially expressed genes were identified in sEV-treated T cells. Canonical pathway analysis highlighted the RhoA signaling pathway. Cellular development, movement, growth and proliferation, cell-to-cell interaction and inflammatory response-related gene expression were altered. KEGG enrichment pathway analysis underscored the apoptosis pathway. GSEA identified enrichment in downregulated genes associated with TNF alpha and interferon gamma response, and upregulated genes related to apoptosis and migration of lymphocytes and T-cell differentiation gene sets. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which MSC-sEVs implement immunomodulatory effects on activated T cells. These findings may contribute to the development of MSC-sEV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fracchia
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Drirh Khare
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Samar Da’na
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Reuven Or
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Amnon Buxboim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Boaz Nachmias
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Claudine Barkatz
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Regina Golan-Gerstl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (Y.N.); (H.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Osnat Almogi-Hazan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
| | - Batia Avni
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.F.); (D.K.); (S.D.); (R.O.); (P.S.); (O.A.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
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Suliman M, Al-Hawary SIS, Al-Dolaimy F, Hjazi A, Almalki SG, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Alsaalamy A, Bijlwan S, Mustafa YF. Inflammatory diseases: Function of LncRNAs in their emergence and the role of mesenchymal stem cell secretome in their treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154758. [PMID: 37660657 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the best treatments for inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19, respiratory diseases and brain diseases is treatment with stem cells. Here we investigate the effect of stem cell therapy in the treatment of brain diseases.Preclinical studies have shown promising results, including improved functional recovery and tissue repair in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, strokes,and traumatic brain injuries. However,ethical implications, safety concerns, and regulatory frameworks necessitate thorough evaluation before transitioning to clinical applications. Additionally, the complex nature of the brain and its intricate cellular environment present unique obstacles that must be overcome to ensure the successful integration and functionality of genetically engineered MSCs. The careful navigation of this path will determine whether the application of genetically engineered MSCs in brain tissue regeneration ultimately lives up to the hype surrounding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Sheela Bijlwan
- Uttaranchal School of Computing Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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9
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TomyTomcy A, Sindhu ER. Mesenchymal stem cells- an excellent therapeutic agent for cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37190944 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite rapid advancement in research of diagnostics and therapeutics, cancer is the most dangerous disease-causing millions of deaths worldwide. Many of the conventional anticancer therapies can even lead to developing resistance to therapy and recurrence of cancer. To find a new, alternative treatment strategy for a variety of ailments scientists and researchers have turned their attention to cell therapies and regenerative medicine. Stem cells are now being researched for their extensive potential application in therapy for several incurable illnesses including cancer. One of the most often employed cell types for regenerative medicine is mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising source of stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. The inherent tumor tropic and immune-modulatory properties of MSCs can be used to target cancer cells. This review aims to focus on the anticancer properties of MSCs and their effect on different signaling pathways. Later on, we discuss the advantages of engineered MSCs over non-engineered MSCsin cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjilikal TomyTomcy
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Edakkadath Raghavan Sindhu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Laboratory Services and Translational Research, Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur, Kerala, India
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Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Jiang ST, Liu YG, Zhang L, Sang XT, Xu YY, Lu X. Immune-related adverse events: A bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1096806. [PMID: 36591239 PMCID: PMC9797501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite providing clinical benefit, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a number of patients. This study explored the development pattern in irAEs research from a bibliometric perspective. Methods We obtained articles and reviews related to irAEs from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on September 13, 2022). Using the R package "Bibliometrix", the main bibliometric features were calculated, and a three-filed plot was generated to show the relationship between authors, institutions, and topics. VOSviewer was used for co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence analysis and visualization. CiteSpace was used to detect burst references and keywords. Results A total of 3995 publications on irAEs were included. The United States (US), Japan, and China had the highest publications. The Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer had the highest number of publications. In addition to "immune-related adverse events", "immune checkpoint inhibitors", "immunotherapy", and "nivolumab" were the most frequently used keywords. Conclusions A bibliometric analysis of 17 years of irAEs research was conducted to map a basic knowledge structure including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and publications. The findings provided a comprehensive perspective on the broad future of this research area.
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12
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Krüger T, Wehner R, Herbig M, Kräter M, Kramer M, Middeke JM, Stölzel F, List C, Egger-Heidrich K, Teipel R, Oelschlägel U, Wermke M, Jambor H, Wobus M, Schetelig J, Jöhrens K, Tonn T, Subburayalu J, Schmitz M, Bornhauser M, von Bonin M. Perturbations of mesenchymal stromal cells after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation predispose for bone marrow graft-versus-host-disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005554. [PMID: 36311725 PMCID: PMC9599394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of the bone marrow (BM) niche has been suggested as a major reason for prolonged cytopenia and secondary graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Because mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) serve as multipotent progenitors for several niche components in the BM, they might play a key role in this process. We used collagenase digested trephine biopsies to directly quantify MSCs in 73 patients before (n = 18) and/or after alloHCT (n = 65). For the first time, we demonstrate that acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD, n = 39) is associated with a significant decrease in MSC numbers. MSC reduction can be observed even before the clinical onset of aGvHD (n = 10). Assessing MSCs instantly after biopsy collection revealed phenotypic and functional differences depending on the occurrence of aGvHD. These differences vanished during ex vivo expansion. The MSC endotypes observed revealed an enhanced population of donor-derived classical dendritic cells type 1 and alloreactive T cells as the causing agent for compartmental inflammation and MSC damage before clinical onset of aGvHD was ascertained. In conclusion, MSCs endotypes may constitute a predisposing conductor of alloreactivity after alloHCT preceding the clinical diagnosis of aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Krüger,
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Technical University (TU) Dresden Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering Technical University (TU) Dresden Tatzberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Middeke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catrin List
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Teipel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wermke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- University Cancer Centrum (UCC), Early Clinical Trial Unit (ECTU), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helena Jambor
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhauser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Guglielmo M, Marta B. Stem Cells and the Microenvironment: Reciprocity with Asymmetry in Regenerative Medicine. Acta Biotheor 2022; 70:24. [PMID: 35962861 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-022-09448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Much of the current research in regenerative medicine concentrates on stem-cell therapy that exploits the regenerative capacities of stem cells when injected into different types of human tissues. Although new therapeutic paths have been opened up by induced pluripotent cells and human mesenchymal cells, the rate of success is still low and mainly due to the difficulties of managing cell proliferation and differentiation, giving rise to non-controlled stem cell differentiation that ultimately leads to cancer. Despite being still far from becoming a reality, these studies highlight the role of physical and biological constraints (e.g., cues and morphogenetic fields) placed by tissue microenvironment on stem cell fate. This asks for a clarification of the coupling of stem cells and microenvironmental factors in regenerative medicine. We argue that extracellular matrix and stem cells have a causal reciprocal and asymmetric relationship in that the 3D organization and composition of the extracellular matrix establish a spatial, temporal, and mechanical control over the fate of stem cells, which enable them to interact and control (as well as be controlled by) the cellular components and soluble factors of microenvironment. Such an account clarifies the notions of stemness and stem cell regeneration consistently with that of microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Militello Guglielmo
- IAS-Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Bertolaso Marta
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Institute of Scientific and Technological Practice, Rome, Italy
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14
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Liao P, Chang N, Xu B, Qiu Y, Wang S, Zhou L, He Y, Xie X, Li Y. Amino acid metabolism: challenges and opportunities for the therapeutic treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:507-528. [PMID: 35578380 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma-the most common hematological malignant diseases-are often accompanied by complications such as drug resistance, refractory diseases and relapse. Amino acids (AAs) are important energy sources for malignant cells. Tumor-mediated AA metabolism is associated with the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor microenvironment, thereby assisting malignant cells to evade immune surveillance. Targeting abnormal AA metabolism in the tumor microenvironment may be an effective therapeutic approach to address the therapeutic challenges of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, we review the effects of glutamine, arginine and tryptophan metabolism on tumorigenesis and immunomodulation, and define the differences between tumor cells and immune effector cells. We also comment on treatments targeting these AA metabolism pathways in lymphoma and leukemia and discuss how these treatments have profound adverse effects on tumor cells, but leave the immune cells unaffected or mildly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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15
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Peer BA, Bhat AR, Shabir U, Bharti MK, Bhat IA, Pandey S, Sharun K, Kumar R, Mathesh K, Saikumar G, Chandra V, Amarpal, Sharma GT. Comparative evaluation of fracture healing potential of differentiated and undifferentiated guinea pig and canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a guinea pig model. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Li J, Luo M, Li B, Lou Y, Zhu Y, Bai X, Sun B, Lu X, Luo P. Immunomodulatory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Lupus Nephritis: Advances and Applications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843192. [PMID: 35359961 PMCID: PMC8960601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a significant cause of various acute and chronic renal diseases, which can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of LN are characterized by abnormal activation of the immune responses, increased cytokine production, and dysregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. LN treatment is an important issue in the prevention and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the advantages of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, and anti-proliferation. These unique properties make MSCs a strong candidate for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases. MSCs can suppress the proliferation of innate and adaptive immune cells, such as natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, MSCs suppress the functions of various immune cells, such as the cytotoxicity of T cells and NKs, maturation and antibody secretion of B cells, maturation and antigen presentation of DCs, and inhibition of cytokine secretion, such as interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interferons (IFNs) by a variety of immune cells. MSCs can exert immunomodulatory effects in LN through these immune functions to suppress autoimmunity, improve renal pathology, and restore kidney function in lupus mice and LN patients. Herein, we review the role of immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of LN and the mechanisms involved, as well as the progress of research on the immunomodulatory role of MSCs in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Risso V, Lafont E, Le Gallo M. Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35301281 PMCID: PMC8931059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Risso
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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18
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7153584. [PMID: 35154331 PMCID: PMC8825274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7153584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
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19
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Role of the Microenvironment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Strategies for Treating Human Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5513309. [PMID: 34824587 PMCID: PMC8610645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5513309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a severe health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a novel treatment for patients with different liver diseases due to its vast expansion potential and distinctive immunomodulatory properties. Despite several preclinical trials having confirmed the considerable efficacy of MSC therapy in liver diseases, the questionable safety and efficacy still limit its application. As a precursor cell, MSCs can adjust their characteristics in response to the surrounding microenvironment. The microenvironment provides physical and chemical factors essential for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. We, therefore, summarized the mechanisms underlying the MSC immune response, especially the interaction between MSCs and the liver microenvironment, discussing how to achieve better therapeutic effects.
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20
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Estrada McDermott J, Pezzanite L, Goodrich L, Santangelo K, Chow L, Dow S, Wheat W. Role of Innate Immunity in Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis, with Emphasis on Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3247. [PMID: 34827979 PMCID: PMC8614551 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Estrada McDermott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Lynn Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Laurie Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Kelly Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - William Wheat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.E.M.); (L.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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21
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Yang N, Liu X, Chen X, Yu S, Yang W, Liu Y. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth transplantation ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome by secreting soluble PD-L1. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:1043-1055. [PMID: 34622984 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ma0921-752rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) regulates immune cells, and is a promising therapeutic approach for treating autoimmune diseases. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a unique postnatal stem cell population from the cranial neural crest with high self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, and superior immunomodulatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which SHED can treat autoimmune diseases remain unclear. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease histologically characterized by high lymphocytic infiltration in the salivary and lacrimal glands that results in dryness symptoms. This study explores the potential of systemic transplantation of SHED to ameliorate SS-induced dryness symptoms in mice. Overall, SHED could rescue the balance of regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper cell 17 (Th17) in the recipient SS mice. Mechanistically, SHED promoted Treg conversion and inhibited Th17 function via paracrine effects, which were related to the secretion of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1). Moreover, it directly induced Th17 apoptosis via cell-cell contact, leading to the up-regulation of Treg and down-regulation of Th17 cells. In summary, SHED-mediated rescue of Treg/Th17 balance via the sPD-L1/PD-1 pathway ameliorates the gland inflammation and dryness symptoms in SS mice. These findings suggest that SHED are a promising stem cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxiao Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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22
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Hidalgo‐Garcia L, Molina‐Tijeras JA, Huertas‐Peña F, Ruiz‐Malagón AJ, Diez‐Echave P, Vezza T, Rodríguez‐Sojo MJ, Morón R, Becerra‐Massare P, Rodríguez‐Nogales A, Gálvez J, Rodríguez‐Cabezas ME, Anderson P. Intestinal mesenchymal cells regulate immune responses and promote epithelial regeneration in vitro and in dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13699. [PMID: 34089568 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Disruption of the intestinal mucosal tolerance, that is, the immunological unresponsiveness to innocuous food antigens and the commensal microbiota, in the colon is associated with several chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the mechanisms responsible for intestinal mucosal tolerance has potential translational value for its therapy and management. Human intestinal mesenchymal cells (iMCs) play important roles in colonic mucosal tolerance, but further studies on their tissue regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities are necessary in order to fully understand their function in health and disease. METHODS In this study, we have isolated and analysed the capacity of human iMCs to promote wound healing and modulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo, using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. RESULTS Cultured iMCs were CD45- CD73+ CD90+ CD105+ and accelerated the wound closure in a normal colon mucosa (NCM) 356 human epithelial cell wound healing assay. Furthermore, iMCs blocked the LPS-mediated induction of TNF-α in THP-1 macrophages and inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, partly through the induction of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. In DSS colitic mice, iMCs administration reduced the disease activity index and ameliorated intestinal tissue damage and permeability. Furthermore, iMCs reduced intestinal inflammation, evidenced by a decreased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced IL-1β secretion by intestinal explants and inhibited colonic iNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that human iMCs isolated from the noninflamed intestine possess tissue-regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities that could potentially be harnessed/restored in order to reduce IBD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hidalgo‐Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - José Alberto Molina‐Tijeras
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - Francisco Huertas‐Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz‐Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - Patricia Diez‐Echave
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez‐Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - Rocío Morón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio Granada Spain
| | | | - Alba Rodríguez‐Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
- Servicio de Digestivo Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases Network (CIBER‐EHD) University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - María Elena Rodríguez‐Cabezas
- Department of Pharmacology Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA) Granada Spain
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada Spain
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23
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Wu MC, Meng QH. Current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells in liver diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1349-1359. [PMID: 34630867 PMCID: PMC8474713 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases caused by various factors have become a significant threat to public health worldwide. Liver transplantation has been considered as the only effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases; however, it is limited by the shortage of donor organs, postoperative complications, long-term immunosuppression, and high cost of treatment. Thus, it is not available for all patients. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been extensively explored for repairing hepatic injury in various liver diseases. MSCs are multipotent adult progenitor cells originated from the embryonic mesoderm, and can be found in mesenchymal tissues including the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, liver, lung, and others. Although the precise mechanisms of MSC transplantation remain mysterious, MSCs have been demonstrated to be able to prevent the progression of liver injury and improve liver function. MSCs can self-renew by dividing, migrating to injury sites and differentiating into multiple cell types including hepatocytes. Additionally, MSCs have immune-modulatory properties and release paracrine soluble factors. Indeed, the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy for liver diseases have been demonstrated in animals. However, pre-clinical and clinical trials are largely required to confirm its safety and efficacy before large scale clinical application. In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of MSCs on liver diseases. We also summarize clinical advances in MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chen Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology,You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qing-Hua Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology,You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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24
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Sütlüoğlu H, Özdemir Ö. May mesenchymal stem cell transplantation be a solution for COVID-19 induced cytokine storm? World J Transplant 2021; 11:344-355. [PMID: 34447671 PMCID: PMC8371495 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v11.i8.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently emergent disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted by droplets and aerosols, was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization. Predominantly, the disease progress is asymptomatic or mild, but one-fifth of the patients advance to severe or critical illness. In severe COVID-19 patients, type-2 T helper cells release numerous cytokines; this excessive immune response is named as cytokine storm. The cytokine storm, which is the hallmark of the COVID-19 induced by the disease and aggravates due to lack of proper immune response, similar to SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the disease status may progress forward to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, and death. Mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation is up-and-coming in treating many diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, influenza, coronavirus diseases (SARS, MERS), lung injuries, and ARDS. Upon closer inspection on respiratory diseases, COVID-19, influenza, SARS, and MERS have similarities in pathogenesis, especially cytokine and immune response profiles. These comparable features in terms of the cytokine storm will provide hints for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Sütlüoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Adapazarı 54100, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Öner Özdemir
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Sakarya University Medical Faculty, Adapazarı 54100, Sakarya, Turkey
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25
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Refaie AF, Elbassiouny BL, Kloc M, Sabek OM, Khater SM, Ismail AM, Mohamed RH, Ghoneim MA. From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Immunological Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690623. [PMID: 34248981 PMCID: PMC8262452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been the subject matter of many studies over the past few decades. The wide availability, negligible teratogenic risks and differentiation potential of MSCs promise a therapeutic alternative to traditional exogenous insulin injections or pancreatic transplantation. However, conflicting arguments have been reported regarding the immunological profile of MSCs. While some studies support their immune-privileged, immunomodulatory status and successful use in the treatment of several immune-mediated diseases, others maintain that allogeneic MSCs trigger immune responses, especially following differentiation or in vivo transplantation. In this review, the intricate mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory functions and the influencing variables are critically addressed. Furthermore, proposed avenues to enhance these effects, including cytokine pretreatment, coadministration of mTOR inhibitors, the use of Tregs and gene manipulation, are presented. As an alternative, the selection of high-benefit, low-risk donors based on HLA matching, PD-L1 expression and the absence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are also discussed. Finally, the necessity for the transplantation of human MSC (hMSC)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) into humanized mice is highlighted since this strategy may provide further insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cell and Microbiology Biology, Weill Cornell Medical Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Cameron AD, Even KM, Linardi RL, Berglund AK, Schnabel LV, Engiles JB, Ortved KF. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Overexpression of Interleukin-10 Affects the Immunomodulatory Properties of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:907-918. [PMID: 33843261 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint injury can cause posttraumatic inflammation, which if severe enough can lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), a progressive and debilitating condition. Posttraumatic inflammation is characterized by an influx of T lymphocytes and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes by activated chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Intra-articular bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) has been of interest due to the immunomodulatory properties of these cells. Interleukin (IL)-10, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine, has also been investigated as an OA therapeutic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combinatorial effects of BM-MSCs and IL-10 in OA using a gene therapy approach. We hypothesized that BM-MSCs overexpressing IL-10 would have superior immunomodulatory effects leading to increased suppression of T cell proliferation and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, providing protection of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a stimulated, co-culture OA model. Treatment groups included the following: untransduced BM-MSC, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-IL10-transduced BM-MSC, and AAV-null transduced BM-MSC, which were unstimulated or stimulated with IL-1β/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). T cell proliferation was significantly decreased by the presence of BM-MSCs, especially when these BM-MSCs were AAV transduced. There was no significant difference in T cell suppression when cells were cultured with AAV-IL10-transduced or AAV-null transduced BM-MSCs. AAV transduction itself was associated with decreased synthesis of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Expression of IL-1β and MMP13 was downregulated in AAV-transduced BM-MSCs and MMP13 expression was downregulated in cartilage explants co-cultured with AAV-transduced BM-MSCs. Despite mitigation of some proinflammatory cascades, rescue of ECM loss, as determined by glycosaminoglycan quantification and histological evaluation, did not occur in either AAV-IL10-transduced or AAV-null transduced co-cultures. Although IL-10 overexpression may enhance BM-MSC-mediated T cell suppression, we did not observe significant modulation of inflammation-driven cartilage degradation in cultures containing AAV-IL10-transduced BM-MSCs. AAV transduction itself does appear to affect paracrine signaling by BM-MSCs, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Cameron
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kayla M Even
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renata L Linardi
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alix K Berglund
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyla F Ortved
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Mesenchymal stromal cells in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5877-5887. [PMID: 33232479 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely recognized to possess potent immunomodulatory activity, as well as to stimulate repair and regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue. These fundamental properties suggest important applications in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated, MSCs seem to suppress lymphocytes by paracrine mechanisms, including secreted mediators and metabolic modulators. Most recently, host macrophage engulfment of apoptotic MSCs has emerged as an important contributor to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the most commonly studied, the tissue source of MSCs may be a critical determinant of immunomodulatory function. The key application of MSC therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation is to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathogenesis of GVHD reveals multiple potential targets. Moreover, the recently proposed concept of tissue tolerance suggests a new possible mechanism of MSC therapy for GVHD. Beyond GVHD, MSCs may facilitate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, which could gain greater importance with increasing use of haploidentical transplantation. Despite many challenges and much doubt, commercial MSC products for pediatric steroid-refractory GVHD have been licensed in Japan, conditionally licensed in Canada and New Zealand, and have been recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Committee in the United States. Here, we review key historical data in the context of the most salient recent findings to present the current state of MSCs as adjunct cell therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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28
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Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Roudkenar MH, Langerodi HZ, Roushandeh AM. Taming of Covid-19: potential and emerging application of mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:253-298. [PMID: 33776206 PMCID: PMC7982879 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has turned out to cause a pandemic, with a sky scraping mortality. The virus is thought to cause tissue injury by affecting the renin-angiotensin system. Also, the role of the over-activated immune system is noteworthy, leading to severe tissue injury via the cytokine storms. Thus it would be feasible to modulate the immune system response in order to attenuate the disease severity, as well as treating the patients. Today different medicines are being administered to the patients, but regardless of the efficacy of these treatments, adverse effects are pretty probable. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be an effective candidate for treating the patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia, owing to their immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative potentials. So far, several experiments have been conducted; transplanting MSCs and results are satisfying with no adverse effects being reported. This paper aims to review the recent findings regarding the novel coronavirus and the conducted experiments to treat patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Habib Zayeni Langerodi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center (GRRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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29
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Zhou JH, Lu X, Yan CL, Sheng XY, Cao HC. Mesenchymal stromal cell-dependent immunoregulation in chemically-induced acute liver failure. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:208-220. [PMID: 33815670 PMCID: PMC8006015 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which refers to liver damage caused by a drug or its metabolites, has emerged as an important cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in recent years. Chemically-induced ALF in animal models mimics the pathology of DILI in humans; thus, these models are used to study the mechanism of potentially effective treatment strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties, and they alleviate acute liver injury and decrease the mortality of animals with chemically-induced ALF. Here, we summarize some of the existing research on the interaction between MSCs and immune cells, and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the immuno-modulatory activity of MSCs in chemically-induced ALF. We conclude that MSCs can impact the phenotype and function of macrophages, as well as the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, and inhibit the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes. MSCs also have immuno-modulatory effects on the production of cytokines, such as prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gene 6, in animal models. Thus, MSCs have significant benefits in the treatment of chemically-induced ALF by interacting with immune cells and they may be applied to DILI in humans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui-Lin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Cui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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30
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Latest advances to enhance the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:498-514. [PMID: 33634433 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the capacity to secrete multiple immunomodulatory factors in response to their microenvironment. This property grants them a golden status among the novel alternatives to treat multiple diseases in which there is an unneeded or exaggerated immune response. However, important challenges still make difficult the clinical implementation of MSC-based therapies, being one of the most remarkable the lack of efficacy due to their transient immunomodulatory effects. To overcome this issue and boost the regulatory potential of MSCs, multiple strategies are currently being explored. Some of them consist of ex vivo pre-conditioning MSCs prior to their administration, including exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or to low oxygen concentrations. However, currently, alternative strategies that do not require such ex vivo manipulation are gaining special attention. Among them, the recreation of a three dimensional (3D) environment is remarkable. This approach has been reported to not only boost the immunomodulatory potential of MSCs but also increase their in vivo persistence and viability. The present work revises the therapeutic potential of MSCs, highlighting their immunomodulatory activity as a potential treatment for diseases caused by an exacerbated or unnecessary immune response. Moreover, it offers an updated vision of the most widely employed pre-conditioning strategies and 3D systems intended to enhance MSC-mediated immunomodulation, to conclude discussing the major challenges still to overcome in the field.
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31
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Zidan AA, Perkins GB, Al-Hawwas M, Elhossiny A, Yang J, Bobrovskaya L, Mourad GM, Zhou XF, Hurtado PR. Urine stem cells are equipped to provide B cell survival signals. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:803-818. [PMID: 33554422 PMCID: PMC8248326 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells has been studied for MSCs isolated from different tissues. However, the immunomodulatory capacity of urine stem cells (USCs) has not been adequately researched. The present study reports on the effect of USCs on peripheral blood lymphocytes. USCs were isolated and characterized before coculture with resting and with anti‐CD3/CD28 bead stimulated lymphocytes. Similarly to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs), USCs inhibited the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes and induced their apoptosis. However, they also induced strong activation, proliferation, and cytokine and antibody production by B lymphocytes. Molecular phenotype and supernatant analysis revealed that USCs secrete a range of cytokines and effector molecules, known to play a central role in B cell biology. These included B cell‐activating factor (BAFF), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and CD40L. These findings raise the possibility of an unrecognized active role for kidney stem cells in modulating local immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Zidan
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Griffith B Perkins
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ahmed Elhossiny
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Plinio R Hurtado
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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32
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Zidan AA, Al-Hawwas M, Perkins GB, Mourad GM, Stapledon CJM, Bobrovskaya L, Zhou XF, Hurtado PR. Characterization of Urine Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveals B Cell Stimulating Cargo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E459. [PMID: 33466423 PMCID: PMC7796485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the biological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their potential roles in physiological and pathological processes is an expanding field of research. In this study, we characterized USC-derived EVs and studied their capacity to modulate the human immune response in vitro. We found that the USC-derived EVs are a heterogeneous population, ranging in size from that of micro-vesicles (150 nm-1 μm) down to that of exosomes (60-150 nm). Regarding their immunomodulatory functions, we found that upon isolation, the EVs (60-150 nm) induced B cell proliferation and IgM antibody secretion. Analysis of the EV contents unexpectedly revealed the presence of BAFF, APRIL, IL-6, and CD40L, all known to play a central role in B cell stimulation, differentiation, and humoral immunity. In regard to their effect on T cell functions, they resembled the function of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs previously described, suppressing T cell response to activation. The finding that USC-derived EVs transport a potent bioactive cargo opens the door to a novel therapeutic avenue for boosting B cell responses in immunodeficiency or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. Zidan
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.Z.); (M.A.-H.); (L.B.)
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt;
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Hawwas
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.Z.); (M.A.-H.); (L.B.)
| | - Griffith B. Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Ghada M. Mourad
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt;
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine Applications (CERRMA), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | | | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.Z.); (M.A.-H.); (L.B.)
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.A.Z.); (M.A.-H.); (L.B.)
| | - Plinio R. Hurtado
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Burnham AJ, Foppiani EM, Horwitz EM. Key Metabolic Pathways in MSC-Mediated Immunomodulation: Implications for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:609277. [PMID: 33365034 PMCID: PMC7750397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are spindle-shaped, plastic-adherent cells in vitro with potent immunosuppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo. MSCs have been employed as a cellular immunotherapy in diverse preclinical models and clinical trials, but most commonly as agents for the prophylaxis or therapy of graft versus host disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation. In addition to the oft studied secreted cytokines, several metabolic pathways intrinsic to MSCs, notably indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, prostaglandin E2, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α, heme oxygenase-1, as well as energy-generating metabolism, have been shown to play roles in the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs. In this review, we discuss these key metabolic pathways in MSCs which have been reported to contribute to MSC therapeutic effects in the setting of hematopoietic cell transplantation and graft versus host disease. Understanding the contribution of MSC metabolism to immunomodulatory activity may substantially inform the development of future clinical applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre J Burnham
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Jeyaraman M, John A, Koshy S, Ranjan R, Anudeep TC, Jain R, Swati K, Jha NK, Sharma A, Kesari KK, Prakash A, Nand P, Jha SK, Reddy PH. Fostering mesenchymal stem cell therapy to halt cytokine storm in COVID-19. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166014. [PMID: 33232817 PMCID: PMC7680525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been threatening the globe since the end of November 2019. The disease revealed cracks in the health care system as health care providers across the world were left without guidelines on definitive usage of pharmaceutical agents or vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. Individuals with underlying systemic disorders have reported complications, such as cytokine storms, when infected with the virus. As the number of positive cases and the death toll across the globe continue to rise, various researchers have turned to cell based therapy using stem cells to combat COVID-19. The field of stem cells and regenerative medicine has provided a paradigm shift in treating a disease with minimally invasive techniques that provides maximal clinical and functional outcome for patients. With the available evidence of immunomodulatory and immune-privilege actions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can repair, regenerate and remodulate the native homeostasis of pulmonary parenchyma with improved pulmonary compliance. This article revolves around the usage of novel MSCs therapy for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Koshy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talagavadi Channaiah Anudeep
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Jain
- School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Swati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Neuroscience/Pharmacology, Neurology, Public Health Departments and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has generated growing enthusiasm as an innovative cell-based approach in solid organ transplantation (SOT). These expectations arise from a significant number of both transplant- and non-transplant-related experimental studies investigating the complex anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue-repair properties of MSCs. Promising preclinical results have prompted clinical trials using MSC-based therapy in SOT. In the present review, the general properties of MSCs are summarized, with a particular emphasis on MSC-mediated impact on the immune system and in the ischemic conditioning strategy. Next, we chronologically detail all clinical trials using MSCs in the field of SOT. Finally, we envision the challenges and perspectives of MSC-based cell therapy in SOT.
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36
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Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the proinflammatory function of Ly6C + CD8 + T cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:829. [PMID: 33024074 PMCID: PMC7538431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory processes, including alveolar injury, cytokine induction, and neutrophil accumulation, play key roles in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI). The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can contribute to the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In previous studies, the focus was on innate immune cells and the effects of MSCs on ALI through CD8+ T cells remain unclear. In the present study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce ALI in mice. ALI mice were treated with MSCs via intratracheal instillation. Survival rate, histopathological changes, protein levels, total cell count, cytokine levels, and chemokine levels in alveolar lavage fluid were used to determine the efficacy of MSCs. Mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were used to characterize the CD8+ T cells in the lungs. Ly6C- CD8+ T cells are prevalent in normal mice, whereas a specialized effector phenotype expressing a high level of Ly6C is predominant in advanced disease. MSCs significantly mitigated ALI and improved survival. MSCs decreased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, especially Ly6C+ CD8+ T cells into the lungs. Mass cytometry revealed that CD8+ T cells expressing high Ly6C and CXCR3 levels caused tissue damage in the lungs of ALI mice, which was alleviated by MSCs. The scRNA-seq showed that Ly6C+ CD8+ T cells exhibited a more activated phenotype and decreased expression of proinflammatory factors that were enriched the most in immune chemotaxis after treatment with MSCs. We showed that CD8+ T cells play an important role in MSC-mediated ALI remission, and both infiltration quantity and proinflammatory function were inhibited by MSCs, indicating a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
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Roura S, Monguió-Tortajada M, Munizaga-Larroudé M, Clos-Sansalvador M, Franquesa M, Rosell A, Borràs FE. Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated TSG-6 from Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186761. [PMID: 32942629 PMCID: PMC7554813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising strategy for a variety of medical applications. Although only a limited number of MSC engraft and survive after in vivo cellular infusion, MSC have shown beneficial effects on immunomodulation and tissue repair. This indicates that the contribution of MSC exists in paracrine signaling, rather than a cell-contact effect of MSC. In this review, we focus on current knowledge about tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and mechanisms based on extracellular vesicles (EV) that govern long-lasting immunosuppressive and regenerative activity of MSC. In this context, in particular, we discuss the very robust set of findings by Jha and colleagues, and the opportunity to potentially extend their research focus on EV isolated in concentrated conditioned media (CCM) from adipose tissue derived MSC (ASC). Particularly, the authors showed that ASC-CCM mitigated visual deficits after mild traumatic brain injury in mice. TSG-6 knockdown ASC were, then, used to generate TSG-6-depleted CCM that were not able to replicate the alleviation of abnormalities in injured animals. In light of the presented results, we envision that the infusion of much distilled ASC-CCM could enhance the alleviation of visual abnormalities. In terms of EV research, the advantages of using size-exclusion chromatography are also highlighted because of the enrichment of purer and well-defined EV preparations. Taken together, this could further delineate and boost the benefit of using MSC-based regenerative therapies in the context of forthcoming clinical research testing in diseases that disrupt immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (F.E.B.); Tel.: +34-93-033-63-51 (F.E.B.); Fax: +34-93-497-86-54 (F.E.B.)
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Micaela Munizaga-Larroudé
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clos-Sansalvador
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Francesc E. Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (F.E.B.); Tel.: +34-93-033-63-51 (F.E.B.); Fax: +34-93-497-86-54 (F.E.B.)
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Bellei B, Papaccio F, Filoni A, Caputo S, Lopez G, Migliano E, Picardo M. Extracellular fraction of adipose tissue as an innovative regenerative approach for vitiligo treatment. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:695-703. [PMID: 31066942 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common, disfiguring autoimmune disease that negatively affects patients' self-esteem and quality of life. Current treatments are moderately effective in reversing disease and promoting melanocyte regeneration. Thus, therapeutic advanced strategies are emerging from regenerative medicine. It has recently emerged that adipose tissue secretome may be used as a cell-free therapy in skin regeneration since paracrine functions of adipose-derived stem cells alone are responsible for most of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in several animal disease models. In this study, we tested the effect of adipose tissue extracellular fraction (AT-Ex) isolated from lipoaspirates on dermal and epidermal vitiligo cells in vitro. Using this experimental model, we demonstrated that molecules secreted by adipose tissue ameliorate the capability to counteract oxidative stress by a physiological stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and positively impact on cell proliferation. Due to the presence of Wnt-secreted factors, AT-Ex treatment promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3β inactivation and consequently Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Collectively, our findings show that AT-Ex could be useful as a natural approach to improve treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Caputo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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40
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Improved outcomes after mesenchymal stem cells injections for knee osteoarthritis: results at 12-months follow-up: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2020; 140:853-868. [PMID: 31456015 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the World Health organization (WHO), more than 10% in people older than 60 years suffer from osteoarthritis (OA). Over the last years, there has been an increased interest around regenerative medicine, especially regarding stem cell treatments and related applications. We hypothesize that stem cell therapies can represent a feasible option for idiopathic knee OA, delaying or even avoiding the joint replacement. To emphasize the potential of percutaneous injections of mesenchymal stem cells for knee OA, a comprehensive systematic review of the literature was conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two independent authors (FM, GC) performed the literature search. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). The main databases were accessed: Pubmed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Scopus, AMED. For this systematic review, all articles treating percutaneous injections of mesenchymal stem cells for knee OA were considered. Because of the rapid advancements promoted by the scientific progress on stem cell expansion and processing, only articles published within the last five years were included. Solely articles reporting the outcomes of interest across 6- and 12-month follow-up were recruited for eligibility. We included only studies reporting quantitative data under the outcomes of interest. We referred for the quality assessment to the Coleman Methodology Score (CMS). The statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager Software 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen). RESULTS A total of 18 studies were enrolled in the present study, comprising 1069 treated knees. The mean age of the samples was 57.39 ± 7.37 years. 72% of the included studies harvested the stem cells from the iliac crest (bone marrow-derived MSCs), the remaining 28% from the adipose tissue (adipose-derived MSCs). The mean visual analogic scale improved from 18.37 to 30.98 and 36.91 at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. The mean WOMAC score improved from 25.66 to 25.23 and 15.60 at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. The mean walking distance improved from 71.90 to 152.22 and 316.72 at 6- and 12-month follow-up, respectively. The mean Lequesne scale improved from 33.76 to 12.90 at 12-month follow-up. The KOOS score improved from 41.07 to 8.47% and 18.94 at 6- and 12-month follow-up. All the KOOS subscales improved significantly from the baseline. A total of 136 (12.7%) local complications were detected. CONCLUSION According to the current evidences and the main findings of this systematic review, we reported that MSC infiltrations for knee OA can represent a feasible option, leading to an overall remarkable improvement of all clinical and functional considered outcomes, regardless of the cell source. Patients treated at earlier-degeneration stages reported statistically significant greater outcomes. The pain and function scores were improved considerably, thus, leading to a significant improvement of patient participation in recreational activities and quality of life.
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41
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Bulut Ö, GÜrsel İ. Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: promising immunomodulators against autoimmune, autoinflammatory disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:273-282. [PMID: 32595362 PMCID: PMC7314505 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2002-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel and broad-acting immunomodulators is of critical importance for the prevention and treatment of disorders occurring due to overexuberant immune responseincluding SARS-CoV-2 triggered cytokine storm leading to lung pathology and mortality during the ongoing viral pandemic. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), highly regarded for their regenerative capacities, also possessesremarkable immunoregulatory functions affecting all types of innate and adaptive immune cells. Owing to that, MSCs have been heavily investigated in clinic for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases along with transplant rejection. Extensive research in the last decaderevealed that MSCs carry out most of their functions through paracrine factors which are soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are an efficient way of intercellular communication due to their unique ability to carry biological messages such as transcription factors, growth factors, cytokines, mRNAs and miRNAs over long distances. EVs originate through direct budding of the cell membrane or the endosomal secretion pathway and they consist of the cytosolic and membrane components of their parent cell. Therefore, they are able to mimic the characteristics of the parent cell, affecting the target cells upon binding or internalization. EVs secreted by MSCs are emerging as a cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapies. MSC EVs are being tested in preclinical and clinical settings where they exhibit exceptional immunosuppressivecapacity. They regulate the migration, proliferation, activation and polarization of various immune cells, promoting a tolerogenic immune response while inhibiting inflammatory response. Being as effective immunomodulators as their parent cells, MSC EVs are also preferable over MSC-based therapies due to their lower risk of immunogenicity, tumorigenicity and overall superior safety. In this review, we present the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies utilizing MSC EVs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Bulut
- Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory (THORLAB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara Turkey
| | - İhsan GÜrsel
- Therapeutic Oligodeoxynucleotide Research Laboratory (THORLAB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, Ankara Turkey
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes suppress proliferation of T cells by inducing cell cycle arrest through p27kip1/Cdk2 signaling. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:16-22. [PMID: 32554049 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to suppress T cells. Especially, MSC-cultured media have shown suppressive functions against various immune cells including the T cells. However, the underlying immunosuppressive mechanisms of the MSC-cultured medium are not yet fully understood. In this study, we confirmed the T cell-suppression capacity of MSC culture supernatant (MSC-CS) through both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and hypothesized that the exosomes were the major immunosuppressive agents in the MSC-CS. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) exhibited potent suppressive effects on T cell proliferation while the rest of the supernatant fraction did not. Interestingly, the exosomes derived from MSC only induced the cell cycle arrest, and it was through the upregulation of p27kip1 protein and downregulation of Cdk2 protein. In conclusion, the exosomes secreted from MSCs could suppress the activated T cell proliferation through the induction of cell cycle arrest.
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Mendoza-Reinoso V, McCauley LK, Fournier PG. Contribution of Macrophages and T Cells in Skeletal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 32326073 PMCID: PMC7226332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site for metastases with a local microenvironment that is highly conducive for tumor establishment and growth. The bone marrow is replete with myeloid and lymphoid linage cells that provide a fertile niche for metastatic cancer cells promoting their survival and growth. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages and T cells in pro- and anti-tumoral mechanisms, their interaction to support cancer cell growth, and their contribution to the development of skeletal metastases. Importantly, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages and T cells in cancer are also discussed in this review as they represent a great promise for patients suffering from incurable bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mendoza-Reinoso
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
| | - Laurie K. McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (V.M.-R.); (L.K.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierrick G.J. Fournier
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico
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Kremer A, Wußmann M, Herrmann M, Raghunath M, Walles H. Ciclopirox olamine promotes the angiogenic response of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:317-328. [PMID: 31006674 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) are promising compounds to promote angiogenesis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a master regulator of angiogenesis. Increased HIF-1α presence induces expression of proangiogenic genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). OBJECTIVE We investigated the pharmacological induction of hypoxia via the PHI ciclopirox olamine (CPX) as angiogenesis strategy on human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (hd-mvEC) spheroids directly and indirectly via activating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). METHODS HMSCs were isolated from bone marrow and hd-mvECs from foreskin biopsies. MSC-conditioned medium after CPX stimulation (MSC-CM CPX) was analyzed by VEGF ELISA and Proteome Profiler™ Human Angiogenesis Array. Direct stimulation with CPX and indirect stimulation via MSC-CM CPX were compared in sprouting assays of hd-mvEC spheroids. RESULTS Direct stimulation with CPX significantly increased sprouting of hd-mvEC spheroids. MSC-CM CPX also induced sprouting from hd-mvEC spheroids, which was mediated by angiogenic VEGF and other proangiogenic factors that had been produced by stimulated hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation with CPX increased the proangiogenic response of hd-mvECs and hMSCs. The direct stimulation of hd-mvECs with CPX has the potential to replace external VEGF supplementation. Thus, CPX can induce angiogenesis in ECs even in the absence of auxiliary cells demonstrating a promising proangiogenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kremer
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Wußmann
- Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Waedenswil, Switzerland.,Competence Center Tissue Engineering for Drug Discover (TEDD), ZHAW, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Heike Walles
- Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies TLC-RT, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Feng Y, Wang AT, Jia HH, Zhao M, Yu H. A Brief Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF): Safety and Potency. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:202-210. [PMID: 31893994 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200101124317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, organ failure, high mortality, and poor prognosis. At present, the clinical methods of treatment include comprehensive treatment with medicines, artificial liver system, and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT), and of these, OLT is considered the most effective treatment for ACLF. However, it is difficult for ACLF patients to benefit from OLT due to the shortage of liver donors, high cost, unpredictable postoperative complications, and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs; therefore, it is important to explore a new treatment option. With the development of stem cell transplantation technology in recent years, several studies have shown that treatment of ACLF with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) leads to higher survival rates, and has good tolerance and safety rates, thereby improving the liver function and quality of life of patients; it has also become one of the popular research topics in clinical trials. This paper summarizes the current clinical interventions and treatments of ACLF, including the clinical trials, therapeutic mechanisms, and research progress on MSC application in the treatment of ACLF. The problems and challenges of the development of MSC-based therapy in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Cell Products of National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China.,National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ai-Tong Wang
- Cell Products of National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China.,National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hong-Hong Jia
- Cell Products of National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China.,National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Cell Products of National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China.,National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Cell Products of National Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China.,National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin 300457, China
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Liu G, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhang L, Mi J, Shan Z, Huang B, Chen Z, Chen Z. Modulating the cobalt dose range to manipulate multisystem cooperation in bone environment: a strategy to resolve the controversies about cobalt use for orthopedic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:1074-1089. [PMID: 31938052 PMCID: PMC6956813 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical effect of cobalt on biological processes has aroused controversy regarding the application of cobalt-based biomaterials in bone regeneration. Tuning the dose range of cobalt ions may be a valid strategy to resolve the controversies about cobalt use for orthopedic applications. Recent progress in bone biology has highlighted the effects of multisystem cooperation (especially of osteoimmune, skeletal, and vascular systems) on bone dynamics. Before the application of this dose-tuning strategy, a deeper understanding of its dose-dependent effect on the cooperation of osteoimmune, skeletal, and vascular systems is needed. However, due to the difficulties with investigating the interaction of multiple systems in vitro, the multimodal effects of cobalt on bone homeostasis were investigated here, in an in vivo scenario. Methods: In vitro CCK8 assay and cytoskeletal staining were preformed to detecte the cell cytotoxic reaction in response to 0.1-100 ppm cobalt stimulation. Blood clot containing 0.1 to 5 ppm of cobalt were implanted in the rat calvarium defect. The gene profile of osteoimmune, skeletal, and vascular system as well as the systemic toxicity were evaluated via RT-qPCR, histological analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The bone regeneration, osteoclastogenesis and vascularization were assessed by micro-ct and histological analysis. Results: Cobalt concentration below 5 ppm did not cause cell toxicity in vitro. No systemic toxicity was observed in vivo at 0.1-5 ppm cobalt concentration. It was found that the early cytokine profiles of the multiple interacting systems were different in response to different cobalt doses. Most of the anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and proangiogenic factors were upregulated in the 1 ppm cobalt group at the early stage. In the late stage, the 1ppm group was most superior in bone regenerative effect while the 5 ppm group displayed the strongest osteoclastogenesis activity. Conclusions: The 1 ppm concentration of cobalt yielded the most favorable cooperation of the osteoimmune, skeletal, and vascular systems and subsequently optimal bone regeneration outcomes. Tuning the cobalt dose range to manipulate the cooperation of osteoimmune, skeletal, and vascular systems could be a promising and valuable strategy to prevent paradoxical effects of cobalt while preserving its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Liu
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiaomei Mi
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhengjie Shan
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Institute of Stomatology and Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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Hu C, Li L. The immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells plays a critical role in improving the prognosis of liver transplantation. J Transl Med 2019; 17:412. [PMID: 31823784 PMCID: PMC6905033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is supplied by a dual blood supply, including the portal venous system and the hepatic arterial system; thus, the liver organ is exposed to multiple gut microbial products, metabolic products, and toxins; is sensitive to extraneous pathogens; and can develop liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after short-term or long-term injury. Although liver transplantation (LT) serves as the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases, it is not very popular because of the complications and low survival rates. Although the liver is generally termed an immune and tolerogenic organ with adaptive systems consisting of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, a high rejection rate is still the main complication in patients with LT. Growing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation could serve as an effective immunomodulatory strategy to induce tolerance in various immune-related disorders. MSCs are reported to inhibit the immune response from innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NK cells), and natural killer T (NKT) cells, and that from adaptive immune cells, including T cells, B cells and other liver-specific immune cells, for the generation of a tolerogenic microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the relationship between LT and immunoregulation, and we focused on how to improve the effects of MSC transplantation to improve the prognosis of LT. Only after exhaustive clarification of the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vitro and in vivo can we implement MSC protocols in routine clinical practice to improve LT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Jiang W, Xu J. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12712. [PMID: 31730279 PMCID: PMC6985662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Thakur V, Kumar S, Kumaran MS, Kaushik H, Srivastava N, Parsad D. Efficacy of Transplantation of Combination of Noncultured Dermal and Epidermal Cell Suspension vs Epidermal Cell Suspension Alone in Vitiligo: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:204-210. [PMID: 30601885 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Surgical interventions, notably noncultured epidermal suspension (NCES), are the next line of treatment in patients with vitiligo who fail to respond to medical therapy. Noncultured epidermal suspension is usually performed in patients with vitiligo with duration of clinical stability (DS) of 12 months or longer because DS is a vital parameter in determining outcome of NCES. In this pilot study, we planned to assess the efficacy of a novel combination of noncultured epidermal cell suspension and noncultured dermal cell suspension (NCES and NDCS) in patients with vitiligo with shorter DS (3-6 months). Objective To compare the efficacy of transplantation of NCES and NDCS vs NCES alone in patients with vitiligo with DS of 3 to 6 months. Design, Setting, and Participants A single-center randomized clinical trial including 40 patients with focal, segmental, or generalized vitiligo with DS of 3 to 6 months or more than 12 months was carried out. Based on DS, 2 groups including 20 patients each were recruited (DS in group 1, 3 to 6 months; DS in group 2, more than 12 months). Each group was further randomized into 2 subgroups, A and B. Intervention Patients in subgroups 1A and 2A underwent NCES alone, whereas patients in subgroups 1B and 2B underwent NCES and NDCS. Main Outcomes and Measures Extent of repigmentation, color match, and pattern of repigmentation at 24 weeks. Results Of the 40 study participants, mean (SD) age was 24.9 (4.0) years and 24 (60%) were women; in group 1 with DS for 3 to 6 months, more than 75% repigmentation at 24 weeks was observed in all 10 patients in subgroup 1B (NCES and NDCS) compared with 3 of 10 patients in subgroup 1A (NCES) (100% vs 30%, P = .003). In group 2 (DS > 12 months), the same was observed in 6 of 10 patients in subgroup 2A and 7 of 10 patients in subgroup 2B (NCES) (60% vs 70%, P > .99). The 2 groups and subgroups did not show any significant differences with respect to color matching and pattern of repigmentation. Conclusions and Relevance Combination of NCES and NDCS resulted in excellent response in patients with vitiligo with shorter duration of clinical stability compared with NCES alone. This combination may be used early in the course of stable vitiligo without waiting for a period of 12 months or more since last clinical activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03013049.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Thakur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sheetanshu Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muthu Sendhil Kumaran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hitaishi Kaushik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Niharika Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Lyden J, Grant S, Ma T. Altered metabolism for neuroprotection provided by mesenchymal stem cells. Brain Circ 2019; 5:140-144. [PMID: 31620662 PMCID: PMC6785946 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells which have become popular research targets for their use in cellular therapy for tissue repair. While recent advancements in research have shown the MSCs have immunomodulatory functions which are altered in response to host inflammatory molecules, how these stimuli produce different functional outcomes is not understood. Here, we evaluate research examining how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) affects the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs by altering their metabolism. This study indicates that IFN-γ causes an increase in glycolytic activity and uncoupling of glycolysis to tricarboxylic acid cycle and hence, the glycolytic metabolites and intermediates can be funneled toward the production of anti-inflammatory modulators indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and PGE2. A complete understanding of how MSCs' cellular metabolism affects their function is necessary for their employment in cellular therapy, as MSCs have been demonstrated to have pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. These findings are a large step forward in the understanding of the regulation of MSCs and toward their eventual use in cellular therapy, specifically for stroke recovery, in which MSCs have been shown to have powerful neuroprotective and neurogenerative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lyden
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani, Tampa, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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