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Nagy LV, Bali ZK, Ledneczki I, Némethy Z, Lendvai B, Hernádi I. Cellular Mechanisms of Cognitive Enhancement: The In Vivo Modulation of the Firing Activity and the Responsiveness of Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Memantine and Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2371160. [PMID: 39024573 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2371160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Promising new pharmacological strategies for the enhancement of cognition target either nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR). There is also an increasing interest in low-dose combination therapies co-targeting the above neurotransmitter systems to reach greater efficacy over the monotreatments and to reduce possible side effects of high-dose monotreatments. In the present study, we assessed modulatory effects of the α7 nAChR-selective agonist PHA-543613 (PHA), a novel α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator compound (CompoundX) and the NMDAR antagonist memantine on the in vivo firing activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus. Three different test conditions were applied: spontaneous firing activity, NMDA-evoked firing activity and ACh-evoked firing activity. Results showed that high but not low doses of memantine decreased NMDA-evoked firing activity, and low doses increased the spontaneous and ACh-evoked firing activity. Systemically applied PHA robustly potentiated ACh-evoked firing activity with having no effect on NMDA-evoked activity. In addition, CompoundX increased both NMDA- and ACh-evoked firing activity, having no effects on spontaneous firing of the neurons. A combination of low doses of memantine and PHA increased firing activity in all test conditions and similar effects were observed with memantine and CompoundX but without spontaneous firing activity increasing effects. Our present results demonstrate that α7 nAChR agents beneficially interact with Alzheimer's disease medication memantine. Moreover, positive allosteric modulators potentiate memantine effects on the right time and the right place without affecting spontaneous firing activity. All these data confirm previous behavioral evidence for the viability of combination therapies for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Veronika Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kristóf Bali
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Némethy
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Lendvai
- Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Richter, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Center for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Hungary
- Grastyán Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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2
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Karimi Tari P, Parsons CG, Collingridge GL, Rammes G. Memantine: Updating a rare success story in pro-cognitive therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2024; 244:109737. [PMID: 37832633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The great potential for NMDA receptor modulators as druggable targets in neurodegenerative disorders has been met with limited success. Considered one of the rare exceptions, memantine has consistently demonstrated restorative and prophylactic properties in many AD models. In clinical trials memantine slows the decline in cognitive performance associated with AD. Here, we provide an overview of the basic properties including pharmacological targets, toxicology and cellular effects of memantine. Evidence demonstrating reductions in molecular, physiological and behavioural indices of AD-like impairments associated with memantine treatment are also discussed. This represents both an extension and homage to Dr. Chris Parson's considerable contributions to our fundamental understanding of a success story in the AD treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi Tari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chris G Parsons
- Galimedix Therapeutics, Inc., 2704 Calvend Lane, Kensington, 20895, MD, USA
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of the Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Duan F, Ju T, Song C, Liu M, Xiong Y, Han X, Lu W. Synergetic effect of β-asarone and cannabidiol against Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3875-3884. [PMID: 37602231 PMCID: PMC10432915 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, and it is unlikely that any single drug or intervention will be very successful. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease involves a range of complicated biological processes, including the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein and tau protein. Given the complexity of AD and amyloid accumulation, a combination of interventions remains to be further explored. Here, we investigated the potential of combining β-asarone and cannabidiol (CBD) as a treatment for AD. The study analyzed the combined effects of these two phytochemicals on beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregation and toxicity in bulk solution, in cells as well as in C.elegans. We detailed the morphological and size changes of Aβ40 aggregates in the presence of β-asarone and cannabidiol. More importantly, the presence of both compounds synergistically inhibited apoptosis and downregulated relative gene expression in cells, and that it may also slow aging, decrease the rate of paralysis, enhance learning capacity, and boost autophagy activity in C.elegans. Our studies suggest that multiple drugs, like β-asarone and CBD, may be potentially developed as a medicinal adjunct in the treatment of AD, although further clinical trials are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of this combination treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chen Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin 150001, China
- The Intelligent Equipment Research Center for the Development of Special Medicine and Food Resources, Chongqing Research Institute of HIT. Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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Yoon JH, Hwang J, Son SU, Choi J, You SW, Park H, Cha SY, Maeng S. How Can Insulin Resistance Cause Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043506. [PMID: 36834911 PMCID: PMC9966425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline. Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and the only effective countermeasure is to prevent the disease progression by early diagnosis. The reason why new drug candidates fail to show therapeutic effects in clinical studies may be due to misunderstanding the cause of AD. Regarding the cause of AD, the most widely known is the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in which the deposition of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau is the cause. However, many new hypotheses were suggested. Among them, based on preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a connection between AD and diabetes, insulin resistance has been pointed out as an important factor in the development of AD. Therefore, by reviewing the pathophysiological background of brain metabolic insufficiency and insulin insufficiency leading to AD pathology, we will discuss how can insulin resistance cause AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - JooHyun Hwang
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Un Son
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won You
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Health Park Co., Ltd., Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Age-Tech Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East–West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (S.M.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.)
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. miRNAs and Stem Cells as Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S203-S225. [PMID: 37212107 PMCID: PMC10473110 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cumulative progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by impairment in cognitive functions accompanied by memory loss, disturbance in behavior and personality, and difficulties in learning. Although the main causes of AD pathogenesis are not fully understood yet, amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are supposed to be responsible for AD onset and pathogenesis. Various demographic, genetic, and environmental risk factors are involved in AD onset and pathogenesis such as age, gender, several genes, lipids, malnutrition, and poor diet. Significant changes were observed in microRNA (miRNA) levels between normal and AD cases giving hope for a diagnostic procedure for AD through a simple blood test. As yet, only two classes of AD therapeutic drugs are approved by FDA. They are classified as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists (NMDA). Unfortunately, they can only treat the symptoms but cannot cure AD or stop its progression. New therapeutic approaches were developed for AD treatment including acitretin due to its ability to cross blood-brain barrier in the brain of rats and mice and induce the expression of ADAM 10 gene, the α-secretase of human amyloid-β protein precursor, stimulating the non-amyloidogenic pathway for amyloid-β protein precursor processing resulting in amyloid-β reduction. Also stem cells may have a crucial role in AD treatment as they can improve cognitive functions and memory in AD rats through regeneration of damaged neurons. This review spotlights on promising diagnostic techniques such as miRNAs and therapeutic approaches such as acitretin and/or stem cells keeping in consideration AD pathogenesis, stages, symptoms, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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La Barbera L, Mauri E, D’Amelio M, Gori M. Functionalization strategies of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery in Alzheimer’s disease: Current trends and future perspectives. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:939855. [PMID: 35992936 PMCID: PMC9387393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.939855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder whose primary causes are mostly unknown. Due to the increase in life expectancy of world population, including developing countries, AD, whose incidence rises dramatically with age, is at the forefront among neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, a definitive cure is not yet within reach, imposing substantial medical and public health burdens at every latitude. Therefore, the effort to devise novel and effective therapeutic strategies is still of paramount importance. Genetic, functional, structural and biochemical studies all indicate that new and efficacious drug delivery strategies interfere at different levels with various cellular and molecular targets. Over the last few decades, therapeutic development of nanomedicine at preclinical stage has shown to progress at a fast pace, thus paving the way for its potential impact on human health in improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. Clinical translation of nano-based therapeutics, despite current limitations, may present important advantages and innovation to be exploited in the neuroscience field as well. In this state-of-the-art review article, we present the most promising applications of polymeric nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for bypassing the blood-brain barrier of AD preclinical models and boost pharmacological safety and efficacy. In particular, novel strategic chemical functionalization of polymeric nanocarriers that could be successfully employed for treating AD are thoroughly described. Emphasis is also placed on nanotheranostics as both potential therapeutic and diagnostic tool for targeted treatments. Our review highlights the emerging role of nanomedicine in the management of AD, providing the readers with an overview of the nanostrategies currently available to develop future therapeutic applications against this chronic neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Gori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC) - National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuele Gori,
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Lin W, Kehriman N, Kuang W, Ling X. Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly diagnose Alzheimer’s disease and evaluate drug effect based on a rat model. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:627-636. [PMID: 36105160 PMCID: PMC9463486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia; however, valid diagnosis and treatment measures are lacking. The discovery of valuable biomarkers through omics technologies can help solve this problem. For this reason, metabolomic analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was carried out on plasma, hippocampus, and cortex samples of an AD rat model. Based on the metabolomic data, we report a multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy to rapidly and accurately identify potential biomarkers. Compared with the usual procedure, our strategy can identify fewer biomarkers with higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. In addition to diagnosis, the potential biomarkers identified using our strategy were also beneficial for drug evaluation. Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy was used to identify differential metabolites from a rat model of amyloid beta peptide 1–40 (Aβ1−40) plus ibotenic acid-induced AD (compared with the controls) for the first time; lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism were screened as potential biomarkers. Subsequently, the effects of donepezil and pine nut were successfully reflected by regulating the levels of the abovementioned biomarkers and metabolic profile distribution in partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). This novel biomarker screening strategy can be used to analyze other metabolomic data to simultaneously enable disease diagnosis and drug evaluation. Multi-factor combined biomarker screening strategy is a novel and rapid metabolomic data processing strategy. The most discriminating biomarkers for AD diagnosis can simultaneously reflect drug effects. Multi-factor biomarker screening strategy is ready for use without a priori knowledge.
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Mount RA, Sridhar S, Hansen KR, Mohammed AI, Abdulkerim M, Kessel R, Nazer B, Gritton HJ, Han X. Distinct neuronal populations contribute to trace conditioning and extinction learning in the hippocampal CA1. eLife 2021; 10:56491. [PMID: 33843589 PMCID: PMC8064758 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace conditioning and extinction learning depend on the hippocampus, but it remains unclear how neural activity in the hippocampus is modulated during these two different behavioral processes. To explore this question, we performed calcium imaging from a large number of individual CA1 neurons during both trace eye-blink conditioning and subsequent extinction learning in mice. Our findings reveal that distinct populations of CA1 cells contribute to trace conditioned learning versus extinction learning, as learning emerges. Furthermore, we examined network connectivity by calculating co-activity between CA1 neuron pairs and found that CA1 network connectivity patterns also differ between conditioning and extinction, even though the overall connectivity density remains constant. Together, our results demonstrate that distinct populations of hippocampal CA1 neurons, forming different sub-networks with unique connectivity patterns, encode different aspects of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Sudiksha Sridhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Kyle R Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Ali I Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Moona Abdulkerim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Robb Kessel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Bobak Nazer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Howard J Gritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, United States
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Bruszt N, Bali ZK, Tadepalli SA, Nagy LV, Hernádi I. Potentiation of cognitive enhancer effects of Alzheimer's disease medication memantine by alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 in the Morris water maze task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3273-3281. [PMID: 34387707 PMCID: PMC8605977 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are controversial pieces of evidence whether combination therapies using memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors are beneficial over their monotreatments. However, results of preclinical studies are promising when memantine is combined with agonists and allosteric modulators of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). OBJECTIVES Here, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive enhancer effects of memantine can be potentiated through modulating alpha7 nAChRs in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model. METHODS Monotreatments, as well as co-administrations of selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 and memantine were tested in the Morris water maze task in rats. The efficacy of the co-administration treatment was observed on different domains of spatial episodic memory. RESULTS Low dose of memantine (0.1 mg/kg) and PHA-543613 (0.3 mg/kg) successfully reversed scopolamine-induced short-term memory deficits both in monotreatments and in co-administration. When recall of information from long-term memory was tested, pharmacological effects caused by co-administration of subeffective doses of memantine and PHA-543613 exceeded that of their monotreatments. CONCLUSION Our results further support the evidence of beneficial interactions between memantine and alpha7 nAChR ligands and suggest a prominent role of alpha7 nAChRs in the procognitive effects of memantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Bruszt
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kristóf Bali
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, 7624, Pécs, Hungary. .,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti str, 7624, Pécs, Hungary. .,Grastyán Endre Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sai Ambika Tadepalli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lili Veronika Nagy
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Grastyán Endre Translational Research Center, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary ,Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Gan J, Wang M, Liu S, Chen Z, Wang XD, Ji Y. Effect of Multiple Medicines on Dementia Initial Treatment: Experience and Thinking. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:15333175211053134. [PMID: 34841902 PMCID: PMC10581110 DOI: 10.1177/15333175211053134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about multiple medicines and initial therapy among people with dementia. To examine the effect of multiple medicines on the initiation of anti-dementia therapy in patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment (CI), a retrospective study with 2742 CI patients was conducted based on the outpatients' medical records. The dementias receiving 1-2 drugs were more likely to be prescribed with anti-dementia (one drug: OR = 1.877; two drugs: OR = 1.770) and psychotropic (one drug: OR = 1.980) treatment, whereas had lower chances of receiving psychotropic medication with the combinations of more than three drugs (Alzheimer's disease: OR = .365; vascular dementia: OR = .940; frontotemporal lobe degeneration: OR = .957; and dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia: OR = .952). Multiple medicines can affect anti-dementia therapy initiation in dementia patients and should be paid extreme caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin, University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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11
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Galantamine-Memantine combination in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and beyond. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113409. [PMID: 32829072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. Despite the major unmet clinical need, no new medications for the treatment of AD have been approved since 2003. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is also a positive allosteric modulator at the α4β2 and α7nACh receptors. Memantine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulator/agonist. Both galantamine and memantine are FDA-approved medications for the treatment of AD. The objective of this review is to highlight the potential of the galantamine-memantine combination to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in AD. Several studies have shown the combination to be effective. Neurodegenerative diseases involve multiple pathologies; therefore, combination treatment appears to be a rational approach. Although underutilized, the galantamine-memantine combination is the standard of care in the treatment of AD. Positive RCTs with the combination with concurrent improvement in symptoms and biomarkers may lead to FDA approval, which may lead to greater utilization of this combination in clinical practice.
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Self- assembled lactoferrin-conjugated linoleic acid micelles as an orally active targeted nanoplatform for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:246-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Current Updates on the Regulation of Beta-Secretase Movement as a Potential Restorative Focus for Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:579-587. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190405125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most recent decade was described by a developing awareness about the
seriousness of dementia in the field of age-related people. Among the dementias, Alzheimer's
assumes a plentiful role as a result of its amazingly high rate and casualty. A few
pharmacological procedures have been attempted yet at the same time now, Alzheimer continues
being an untreatable malady. The collection of Aβ in the brain is an early poisonous occasion in
the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, which is the most widely recognized type of dementia
correlated with plaques and tangles within the brain. However, the mechanism of the
intraneuronal direction of BACE1 is poorly understood. AD is caused by mutations in one of the
genes that encoding APP, presenilins 1 and 2. Most of the mutations in these genes increase
Aβ42 production. Numerous receptors are associated with initiating Aβ transport and clearance.
Among them, RAGE is an influx transport receptor that binds soluble Aβ and mediates
pathophysiological cellular responses. RAGE additionally intervenes the vehicle of plasma Aβ
over the blood-brain barrier. LRP-1 functions as a clearance receptor for Aβ at the blood-brain
barrier. The regulation of beta-secretase movement is being explored as a potential restorative
focus for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Koola MM. Galantamine and memantine combination for cognition: Enough or more than enough to translate from murines and macaques to men with schizophrenia? Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 42:115-118. [PMID: 29150389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 ISt NW, 20037, Washington, DC, United States.
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Bali ZK, Bruszt N, Tadepalli SA, Csurgyók R, Nagy LV, Tompa M, Hernádi I. Cognitive Enhancer Effects of Low Memantine Doses Are Facilitated by an Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30804787 PMCID: PMC6371842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in learning and memory and are promising targets for pharmacological cognitive enhancement. Memantine, an approved substance for Alzheimer's disease treatment, is an antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and also acts as an alpha7 nAChR antagonist. Here, we tested the interaction between an alpha7 nAChR agonist (PHA-543613) and memantine. Efficacy of memantine, PHA-543613, and their co-administration were investigated on the spatial working memory of rats using the spontaneous alternation paradigm in T-maze. Scopolamine-induced transient amnesia was used to model cognitive impairment. First, the dose-response relationship was assessed for memantine, and its lowest effective dose was found to be 0.1 mg/kg. Then, co-administration treatments with subeffective doses of the alpha7 nAChR agonist PHA-543613 and different doses of memantine were tested. The co-administration of subeffective drug doses significantly improved memory performance of the rats and reversed scopolamine-induced deficits. Interestingly, a higher than effective (0.3 mg/kg) dose of memantine did not increase performance in monotreatment, only in co-administration with PHA-543613. However, the co-administration of PHA-543613 did not further increase the efficacy of the previously effective monotreatment doses of memantine. Thus, the efficacy of memantine monotreatment and its co-administration with PHA-543613 converged to create a common ceiling effect, with an additive interaction found in the behavioral effects. These results suggest that memantine and PHA-543613 may exert their cognitive enhancer effects on the same target, possibly on the alpha7 nAChRs. Results also suggest possible benefits of a combination therapy with memantine and alpha7 nAChR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kristóf Bali
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bruszt
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sai Ambika Tadepalli
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roland Csurgyók
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lili Veronika Nagy
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Tompa
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Hernádi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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16
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Koola MM. Potential Role of Antipsychotic-Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Positive, Cognitive, and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:134-148. [PMID: 30643787 PMCID: PMC6323397 DOI: 10.1159/000494495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is, in part, a cognitive illness. There are no approved medications for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) and primary negative symptoms. Cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α-7nACh) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and mismatch negativity have been implicated in the pathophysiology of CIAS and negative symptoms. Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is also a positive allosteric modulator at the α4β2 and α7nACh receptors. Memantine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. Galantamine and memantine alone and in combination were effective for cognition in animals and people with Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this article is to critically dissect the published randomized controlled trials with galantamine and memantine for CIAS to highlight the efficacy signal. These studies may have failed to detect a clinically meaningful efficacy signal due to limitations, methodological issues, and possible medication nonadherence. There is evidence from a small open-label study that the galantamine-memantine combination may be effective for CIAS with kynurenine pathway metabolites as biomarkers to detect the severity of cognitive impairments. Given that there are no available treatments for cognitive impairments and primary negative symptoms in schizophrenia, testing of this "five-pronged strategy" (quintuple hypotheses: dopamine, nicotinic-cholinergic, glutamatergic/NMDA, GABA, and KYNA) is a "low-risk high-gain" approach that could be a major breakthrough in the field. The galantamine-memantine combination has the potential to treat positive, cognitive, and negative symptoms, and targeting the quintuple hypotheses concurrently may lead to a major scientific advancement - from antipsychotic treatment to antischizophrenia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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17
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Chen GF, Xu TH, Yan Y, Zhou YR, Jiang Y, Melcher K, Xu HE. Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1205-1235. [PMID: 28713158 PMCID: PMC5589967 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is produced through the proteolytic processing of a transmembrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), by β- and γ-secretases. Aβ accumulation in the brain is proposed to be an early toxic event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of dementia associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Currently, it is unclear what the physiological and pathological forms of Aβ are and by what mechanism Aβ causes dementia. Moreover, there are no efficient drugs to stop or reverse the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we review the structures, biological functions, and neurotoxicity role of Aβ. We also discuss the potential receptors that interact with Aβ and mediate Aβ intake, clearance, and metabolism. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic developments and recent advances of different strategies for treating Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we will report on the progress in searching for novel, potentially effective agents as well as selected promising strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These prospects include agents acting on Aβ, its receptors and tau protein, such as small molecules, vaccines and antibodies against Aβ; inhibitors or modulators of β- and γ-secretase; Aβ-degrading proteases; tau protein inhibitors and vaccines; amyloid dyes and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Chen
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yan
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ren Zhou
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- VARI-SIMM Center, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, CAS-Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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18
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Elnaggar YSR, Etman SM, Abdelmonsif DA, Abdallah OY. Intranasal Piperine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Brain-Targeted Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease: Optimization, Biological Efficacy, and Potential Toxicity. J Pharm Sci 2016; 104:3544-3556. [PMID: 28739042 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Piperine (PIP) is a phytopharmaceutical with reported neuroprotective potential in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oral PIP delivery suffers from its hydrophobicity and pre-systemic metabolism. In this article, mono-disperse intranasal chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were elaborated for brain targeting of PIP. Formula optimization was based on particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency (% EE), release studies, and transmission electron microscopy. AD was induced in 48 male Wistar rats on which full behavioral and biochemical testing was conducted. Brain toxicity was assessed based on Caspase-3 assay for apoptosis and tumor necrosis factor for inflammation. Spherical NPs with optimum % EE (81.70), PS (248.50nm), PDI (0.24), and ZP (+56.30mV) were elaborated. PIP-NPs could significantly improve cognitive functions as efficient as standard drug (donpezil injection) with additional advantages of dual mechanism (Ach esterase inhibition and antioxidant effect). CS-NPs could significantly alleviate PIP nasal irritation and showed no brain toxicity. This work was the first to report additional mechanism of PIP in AD via anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. To conclude, mucoadhesive CS-NPs were successfully tailored for effective, safe, and non-invasive PIP delivery with 20-folds decrease in oral dose, opening a gate for a future with lower AD morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:3544-3556, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Etman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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19
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Francis PT, Parsons CG, Jones RW. Rationale for combining glutamatergic and cholinergic approaches in the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 12:1351-65. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Galvin JE. OPTIMIZING DIAGNOSIS AND MANANGEMENT IN MILD-TO-MODERATE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2012; 2:291-304. [PMID: 22973426 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive declines in cognitive function and ability to carry out activities of daily living; and the emergence and worsening of behavioral/neuropsychiatric symptoms. While there is no cure for AD, non-pharmacologic interventions and medications that modulate neurotransmission can slow symptomatic progression. Medical foods may also be useful as adjuncts to pharmacologic agents in AD. Medium chain triglycerides aimed at improving cerebral metabolism significantly improve Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive scores when added to ongoing pharmacotherapy in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Combination of interventions, such as non-pharmacologic treatments, pharmacotherapy, and medical foods, with complementary mechanisms of action may provide a rational approach that may result in maximum preservation of cognitive function in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Galvin
- Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry, Director of the Pearl S. Barlow Center for Memory Evaluation and Treatment; and Director of Clinical Operations at the Center of Excellence on Brain Aging, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
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21
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Collins LE, Paul NE, Abbas SF, Leser CE, Podurgiel SJ, Galtieri DJ, Chrobak JJ, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Salamone JD. Oral tremor induced by galantamine in rats: a model of the parkinsonian side effects of cholinomimetics used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:414-22. [PMID: 21640750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticholinesterases are the most common treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and, in recent years, a new group of cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e. rivastigmine, galantamine, and donepezil) has become available. Although these drugs improve cognitive symptoms, they also can induce or exacerbate parkinsonian symptoms, including tremor. The present studies were conducted to determine if galantamine induces tremulous jaw movements, a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor, and to investigate whether these oral motor impairments can be reversed by co-administration of adenosine A(2A) antagonists. The first experiment demonstrated that systemic injections of galantamine (0.75-6.0 mg/kg I.P.) induced a dose-related increase in tremulous jaw movements in rats. In a second study, co-administration of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (0.0156-0.25 mg/kg I.P.) produced a dose dependent suppression of tremulous jaw movements induced by a 3.0 mg/kg dose of galantamine, indicating that galantamine induces these tremulous oral movements through actions on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. In two additional studies, analyses of freeze-frame video and electromyographic activity recorded from the lateral temporalis muscle indicated that the local frequency of these galantamine-induced jaw movements occurs in the 3-7 Hz frequency range that is characteristic of parkinsonian tremor. In the final experiment, the adenosine A(2A) antagonist MSX-3 significantly attenuated the tremulous jaw movements induced by the 3.0mg/kg dose of galantamine, which is consistent with the hypothesis that co-administration of adenosine A(2A) antagonists may be beneficial in reducing parkinsonian motor impairments induced by anticholinesterase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey E Collins
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA
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22
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Kennard JA, Woodruff-Pak DS. Age sensitivity of behavioral tests and brain substrates of normal aging in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2011; 3:9. [PMID: 21647305 PMCID: PMC3103996 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2011.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of age sensitivity, the capacity of a behavioral test to reliably detect age-related changes, has utility in the design of experiments to elucidate processes of normal aging. We review the application of these tests in studies of normal aging and compare and contrast the age sensitivity of the Barnes maze, eyeblink classical conditioning, fear conditioning, Morris water maze, and rotorod. These tests have all been implemented to assess normal age-related changes in learning and memory in rodents, which generalize in many cases to age-related changes in learning and memory in all mammals, including humans. Behavioral assessments are a valuable means to measure functional outcomes of neuroscientific studies of aging. Highlighted in this review are the attributes and limitations of these measures in mice in the context of age sensitivity and processes of brain aging. Attributes of these tests include reliability and validity as assessments of learning and memory, well-defined neural substrates, and sensitivity to neural and pharmacological manipulations and disruptions. These tests engage the hippocampus and/or the cerebellum, two structures centrally involved in learning and memory that undergo functional and anatomical changes in normal aging. A test that is less well represented in studies of normal aging, the context pre-exposure facilitation effect (CPFE) in fear conditioning, is described as a method to increase sensitivity of contextual fear conditioning to changes in the hippocampus. Recommendations for increasing the age sensitivity of all measures of normal aging in mice are included, as well as a discussion of the potential of the under-studied CPFE to advance understanding of subtle hippocampus-mediated phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Kennard
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diana S. Woodruff-Pak
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Brown KL, Comalli DM, De Biasi M, Woodruff-Pak DS. Trace eyeblink conditioning is impaired in α7 but not in β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor knockout mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2010; 4:166. [PMID: 20976039 PMCID: PMC2958052 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are essentially involved in learning and memory. A neurobiologically and behaviorally well-characterized measure of learning and memory, eyeblink classical conditioning, is sensitive to disruptions in acetylcholine neurotransmission. The two most common forms of eyeblink classical conditioning – the delay and trace paradigms – differentially engage forebrain areas densely-populated with nAChRs. The present study used genetically modified mice to investigate the effects of selective nAChR subunit deletion on delay and trace eyeblink classical conditioning. α7 and β2 nAChR subunit knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates were trained for 10 daily sessions in a 500-ms delay or 500-ms trace eyeblink conditioning task, matched for the interstimulus interval between conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus onset. Impairments in conditioned responding were found in α7 KO mice trained in trace – but not delay – eyeblink conditioning. Relative to littermate controls, β2 KO mice were unimpaired in the trace task but displayed higher levels of conditioned responding in delay eyeblink conditioning. Elevated conditioned response levels in delay-conditioned β2 KOs corresponded to elevated levels of alpha responding in this group. These findings suggest that α7 nAChRs play a role in normal acquisition of 500 ms trace eyeblink classical conditioning in mice. The prominent distribution of α7 nAChRs in the hippocampus and other forebrain regions may account for these genotype-specific acquisition effects in this hippocampus-dependent trace paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Brown
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Psychology, Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Khan MTH. Molecular interactions of cholinesterases inhibitors using in silico methods: current status and future prospects. N Biotechnol 2009; 25:331-46. [PMID: 19491049 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a low amount of acetylcholine (ACh) in hippocampus and cortex. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most important enzymes in many living organisms including human being and other vertebrates, insects like mosquitoes, among others. Several reports have been published where it has been clearly shown that the genesis of amyloid protein plaques associated with AD is connected to modifications of both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), since the plaque is significantly decreased in AD patients using cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). This review gives some examples of these inhibitors discovered during past couple of years that have shown very prominent interactions at the active site triad of the proteins as well as different other parts of the active site like, peripheral anionic site (PAS), oxyanionic hole, anionic subsite or acyl binding pocket (ABP). Most of the inhibition and their interactions have been visualized by X-ray crystallography, but some of the other inhibitors have been studied either by molecular docking or molecular dynamic (MD) simulations or by both the in silico methods. Some of these prominent studies have been crucially observed and reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway(1)
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25
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Lorrio S, Negredo P, Roda JM, García AG, López MG. Effects of memantine and galantamine given separately or in association, on memory and hippocampal neuronal loss after transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Brain Res 2009; 1254:128-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Dong H, Yuede CM, Coughlan C, Lewis B, Csernansky JG. Effects of memantine on neuronal structure and conditioned fear in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:3226-36. [PMID: 18418360 PMCID: PMC2664647 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been hypothesized to have neuroprotective properties. However, the similarity of its mechanism of action to other NMDA receptor antagonists has led to concerns that it may also have neurotoxic effects. To assess both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic potential of memantine in a mouse model of AD (Tg2576 mice), we used quantitative light and electron microscopy to investigate the effects of long-term (6 months) administration of memantine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) on plaque deposition and neuronal morphology in the hippocampus and overlying cortex. A fear-conditioning paradigm was used to evaluate the behavioral consequences of any observed changes in structure. Administration of the two higher doses of memantine (10 and 20 mg/kg) was associated with a significant decrease in beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaque deposition, increases in synaptic density and the appearance of degenerating axons; the latter two effects were independent of genotype. Administration of the lowest dose of memantine (5 mg/kg) was associated with a significant decrease in Abeta plaque deposition and a significant increase in synaptic density, but not a significant increase in degenerating axons. However, memantine did not significantly improve behavioral deficits associated with genotype in a fear-conditioning paradigm at any dose. These results suggest that chronic memantine administration may have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in a mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carolyn Coughlan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John G Csernansky
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA,Correspondence: Dr JG Csernansky, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St Louis, MO 63110, USA, Tel: +1 314 747 2160, Fax: + 1 314 747 2182, E-mail:
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27
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Rosini M, Simoni E, Bartolini M, Cavalli A, Ceccarini L, Pascu N, McClymont DW, Tarozzi A, Bolognesi ML, Minarini A, Tumiatti V, Andrisano V, Mellor IR, Melchiorre C. Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase, β-Amyloid Aggregation, and NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Promising Direction for the Multi-target-Directed Ligands Gold Rush. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4381-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800577j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rosini
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Elena Simoni
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Luisa Ceccarini
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Nicoleta Pascu
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - David W. McClymont
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Andrea Tarozzi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Maria L. Bolognesi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Anna Minarini
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Ian R. Mellor
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Carlo Melchiorre
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, and School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K
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Wise LE, Lichtman AH. The uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine prolongs spatial memory in a rat delayed radial-arm maze memory task. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 575:98-102. [PMID: 17850786 PMCID: PMC2128866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of memantine in a delayed radial-arm maze rat task, consisting of an acquisition phase followed 18 h later by a win-shift retrieval test. When administered 20 min before acquisition, memantine elicited an inverted U-shape dose-response relationship, with low doses (0.3 and 0.56 mg/kg) reducing the number of errors committed during the retrieval test, while high doses (3 and 10 mg/kg) disrupted maze running. Memantine given immediately after acquisition or 20 min before retrieval failed to affect performance. Co-administration of subthreshold doses of memantine with either the CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant or the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor donepezil failed to enhance performance. Thus, low doses of memantine enhance acquisition processes that lead to prolonged spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV Campus, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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