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Sukumar SK, Antonydhason V, Molander L, Sandakly J, Kleit M, Umapathy G, Mendoza-Garcia P, Masudi T, Schlosser A, Nässel DR, Wegener C, Shirinian M, Palmer RH. The Alk receptor tyrosine kinase regulates Sparkly, a novel activity regulating neuropeptide precursor in the Drosophila central nervous system. eLife 2024; 12:RP88985. [PMID: 38904987 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous roles for the Alk receptor tyrosine kinase have been described in Drosophila, including functions in the central nervous system (CNS), however the molecular details are poorly understood. To gain mechanistic insight, we employed Targeted DamID (TaDa) transcriptional profiling to identify targets of Alk signaling in the larval CNS. TaDa was employed in larval CNS tissues, while genetically manipulating Alk signaling output. The resulting TaDa data were analyzed together with larval CNS scRNA-seq datasets performed under similar conditions, identifying a role for Alk in the transcriptional regulation of neuroendocrine gene expression. Further integration with bulk and scRNA-seq datasets from larval brains in which Alk signaling was manipulated identified a previously uncharacterized Drosophila neuropeptide precursor encoded by CG4577 as an Alk signaling transcriptional target. CG4577, which we named Sparkly (Spar), is expressed in a subset of Alk-positive neuroendocrine cells in the developing larval CNS, including circadian clock neurons. In agreement with our TaDa analysis, overexpression of the Drosophila Alk ligand Jeb resulted in increased levels of Spar protein in the larval CNS. We show that Spar protein is expressed in circadian (clock) neurons, and flies lacking Spar exhibit defects in sleep and circadian activity control. In summary, we report a novel activity regulating neuropeptide precursor gene that is regulated by Alk signaling in the Drosophila CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Antonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Molander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jawdat Sandakly
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak Kleit
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Wegener
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Biocenter, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margret Shirinian
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Acharya B, Saha D, Armstrong D, Jabali B, Hanafi M, Herrera-Rueda A, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B. Kinase inhibitor macrocycles: a perspective on limiting conformational flexibility when targeting the kinome with small molecules. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:399-415. [PMID: 38389874 PMCID: PMC10880908 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods utilized for drug discovery and development within the kinome have rapidly evolved since the approval of imatinib, the first small molecule kinase inhibitor. Macrocycles have received increasing interest as a technique to improve kinase inhibitor drug properties evident by the FDA approvals of lorlatinib, pacritinib, and repotrectinib. Compared to their acyclic counterparts, macrocycles can possess improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This review highlights clinical success stories when implementing macrocycles in kinase-based drug discovery and showcases that macrocyclization is a clinically validated drug discovery strategy when targeting the kinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Conrad Prebys Centre for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute San Diego CA USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Baha'a Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11526 Egypt
| | - Alan Herrera-Rueda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
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Liao Y, Wen R, Fu S, Cheng X, Ren S, Lu M, Qian L, Luo F, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Wang X, Ye H, Zhang X, Jiang C, Li X, Li S, Dang R, Liu Y, Kang J, Yao Z, Yan J, Xiong J, Wang Y, Wu S, Chen X, Li Y, Xia J, Hu Z, He C. Spatial memory requires hypocretins to elevate medial entorhinal gamma oscillations. Neuron 2024; 112:155-173.e8. [PMID: 37944520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The hypocretin (Hcrt) (also known as orexin) neuropeptidic wakefulness-promoting system is implicated in the regulation of spatial memory, but its specific role and mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we revealed the innervation of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) by Hcrt neurons in mice. Using the genetically encoded G-protein-coupled receptor activation-based Hcrt sensor, we observed a significant increase in Hcrt levels in the MEC during novel object-place exploration. We identified the function of Hcrt at presynaptic glutamatergic terminals, where it recruits fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive neurons and promotes gamma oscillations. Bidirectional manipulations of Hcrt neurons' projections from the lateral hypothalamus (LHHcrt) to MEC revealed the essential role of this pathway in regulating object-place memory encoding, but not recall, through the modulation of gamma oscillations. Our findings highlight the significance of the LHHcrt-MEC circuitry in supporting spatial memory and reveal a unique neural basis for the hypothalamic regulation of spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ruyi Wen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shengwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Minmin Lu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fenlan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hengying Ye
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ruozhi Dang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxia Xia
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
| | - Chao He
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Katic L, Priscan A. Multifaceted Roles of ALK Family Receptors and Augmentor Ligands in Health and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1490. [PMID: 37892172 PMCID: PMC10605310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review commemorates the 10-year anniversary of the discovery of physiological ligands Augα (Augmentor α; ALKAL2; Fam150b) and Augβ (Augmentor β; ALKAL1; Fam150a) for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK), previously considered orphan receptors. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of the biophysical and cellular properties of ALK family receptors and their roles in cancer, metabolism, pain, ophthalmology, pigmentation, central nervous system (CNS) function, and reproduction. ALK and LTK receptors are implicated in the development of numerous cancers, and targeted inhibition of their signaling pathways can offer therapeutic benefits. Additionally, ALK family receptors are involved in regulating body weight and metabolism, modulating pain signaling, and contributing to eye development and pigmentation. In the CNS, these receptors play a role in synapse modulation, neurogenesis, and various psychiatric pathologies. Lastly, ALK expression is linked to reproductive functions, with potential implications for patients undergoing ALK inhibitor therapy. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions of ALK family receptors and Aug ligands and to repurpose targeted therapy for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Katic
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Morningside/West, 1000 Tenth Avenue, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anamarija Priscan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Pfeifer K, Wolfstetter G, Anthonydhason V, Masudi T, Arefin B, Bemark M, Mendoza-Garcia P, Palmer RH. Patient-associated mutations in Drosophila Alk perturb neuronal differentiation and promote survival. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049591. [PMID: 35972154 PMCID: PMC9403751 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations occur in pediatric neuroblastoma and are associated with poor prognosis. To study ALK-activating mutations in a genetically controllable system, we employed CRIPSR/Cas9, incorporating orthologs of the human oncogenic mutations ALKF1174L and ALKY1278S in the Drosophila Alk locus. AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant Drosophila exhibited enhanced Alk signaling phenotypes, but unexpectedly depended on the Jelly belly (Jeb) ligand for activation. Both AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant larval brains displayed hyperplasia, represented by increased numbers of Alk-positive neurons. Despite this hyperplasic phenotype, no brain tumors were observed in mutant animals. We showed that hyperplasia in Alk mutants was not caused by significantly increased rates of proliferation, but rather by decreased levels of apoptosis in the larval brain. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified perturbations during temporal fate specification in AlkY1355S mutant mushroom body lineages. These findings shed light on the role of Alk in neurodevelopmental processes and highlight the potential of Alk-activating mutations to perturb specification and promote survival in neuronal lineages. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Badrul Arefin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Troubles du système nerveux central sous lorlatinib : comment les détecter et les gérer en pratique ? Bull Cancer 2022; 109:477-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Resistance to Targeted Agents Used to Treat Paediatric ALK-Positive ALCL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236003. [PMID: 34885113 PMCID: PMC8656581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In general, the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) diagnosed in childhood has a good survival outcome when treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. However, side effects of treatment are common, and outcomes are poorer after relapse, which occurs in up to 30% of cases. New drugs are required that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Targeted therapies are potential solutions to these problems, however, the development of resistance may limit their impact. This review summarises the potential resistance mechanisms to these targeted therapies. Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common malignancy diagnosed in children. The vast majority of paediatric NHL are either Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). Multi-agent chemotherapy is used to treat all of these types of NHL, and survival is over 90% but the chemotherapy regimens are intensive, and outcomes are generally poor if relapse occurs. Therefore, targeted therapies are of interest as potential solutions to these problems. However, the major problem with all targeted agents is the development of resistance. Mechanisms of resistance are not well understood, but increased knowledge will facilitate optimal management strategies through improving our understanding of when to select each targeted agent, and when a combinatorial approach may be helpful. This review summarises currently available knowledge regarding resistance to targeted therapies used in paediatric anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALCL. Specifically, we outline where gaps in knowledge exist, and further investigation is required in order to find a solution to the clinical problem of drug resistance in ALCL.
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Aboualizadeh F, Yao Z, Guan J, Drecun L, Pathmanathan S, Snider J, Umapathy G, Kotlyar M, Jurisica I, Palmer R, Stagljar I. Mapping the Phospho-dependent ALK Interactome to Identify Novel Components in ALK Signaling. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167283. [PMID: 34606829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) signaling. Systematic characterization of ALK interactors helps elucidate novel ALK signaling mechanisms and may aid in the identification of novel therapeutics targeting related diseases. In this study, we used the Mammalian Membrane Two-Hybrid (MaMTH) system to map the phospho-dependent ALK interactome. By screening a library of 86 SH2 domain-containing full length proteins, 30 novel ALK interactors were identified. Many of their interactions are correlated to ALK phosphorylation activity: oncogenic ALK mutations potentiate the interactions and ALK inhibitors attenuate the interactions. Among the novel interactors, NCK2 was further verified in neuroblastoma cells using co-immunoprecipitation. Modulation of ALK activity by addition of inhibitors lead to concomitant changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation status of NCK2 in neuroblastoma cells, strongly supporting the functionality of the ALK/NCK2 interaction. Our study provides a resource list of potential novel ALK signaling components for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Luka Drecun
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ruth Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, Split, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia. https://twitter.com/stagljar
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10
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Uçkun E, Wolfstetter G, Anthonydhason V, Sukumar SK, Umapathy G, Molander L, Fuchs J, Palmer RH. In vivo Profiling of the Alk Proximitome in the Developing Drosophila Brain. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167282. [PMID: 34624297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is an evolutionary conserved receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the insulin receptor superfamily. In addition to its well-studied role in cancer, numerous studies have revealed that Alk signaling is associated with a variety of complex traits such as: regulation of growth and metabolism, hibernation, regulation of neurotransmitters, synaptic coupling, axon targeting, decision making, memory formation and learning, alcohol use disorder, as well as steroid hormone metabolism. In this study, we used BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling to identify molecules that interact with Alk in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). To do this, we used CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-directed repair (HDR) to modify the endogenous Alk locus to produce first and next generation Alk::BioID chimeras. This approach allowed identification of Alk proximitomes under physiological conditions and without overexpression. Our results show that the next generation of BioID proteins (TurboID and miniTurbo) outperform the first generation BirA* fusion in terms of labeling speed and efficiency. LC-MS3-based BioID screening of AlkTurboID and AlkminiTurbo larval brains revealed an extensive neuronal Alk proximitome identifying numerous potential components of Alk signaling complexes. Validation of Alk proximitome candidates further revealed co-expression of Stardust (Sdt), Discs large 1 (Dlg1), Syntaxin (Syx) and Rugose (Rg) with Alk in the CNS and identified the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase Corkscrew (Csw) as a modulator of Alk signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Uçkun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. https://twitter.com/@uckunezgii
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sukumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. https://twitter.com/@sanjayssukumar
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Molander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johannes Fuchs
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Zhou Z, He G, Zhang X, Lv X, Zhang X, Liu A, Xia S, Xie H, Dang R, Han L, Qi J, Meng Y, Yu S, Xie W, Jia Z. NGPF2 triggers synaptic scaling up through ALK-LIMK-cofilin-mediated mechanisms. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109515. [PMID: 34407403 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic scaling is an extensively studied form of homeostatic plasticity critically involved in various brain functions. Although it is accepted that synaptic scaling is expressed through the postsynaptic accumulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), the induction mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we show that TTX treatment induces rapid but transient release of the neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NGPF2), and this release is necessary and sufficient for TTX-induced scaling up. In addition, we show that inhibition of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-LIMK-cofilin signaling pathway blocks TTX- and NGPF2-induced synaptic scaling up. Furthermore, we show that TTX-induced release of NGPF2 is protein synthesis dependent and requires fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMRP1). These results indicate that activity blockade induces NGPF2 synthesis and release to trigger synaptic scaling up through LIMK-cofilin-dependent actin reorganization, spine enlargement, and stabilization of AMPARs at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guiqin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuting Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Dang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lifang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yanghong Meng
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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12
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Islam MR, Valaris S, Young MF, Haley EB, Luo R, Bond SF, Mazuera S, Kitchen RR, Caldarone BJ, Bettio LEB, Christie BR, Schmider AB, Soberman RJ, Besnard A, Jedrychowski MP, Kim H, Tu H, Kim E, Choi SH, Tanzi RE, Spiegelman BM, Wrann CD. Exercise hormone irisin is a critical regulator of cognitive function. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1058-1070. [PMID: 34417591 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying secreted mediators that drive the cognitive benefits of exercise holds great promise for the treatment of cognitive decline in ageing or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that irisin, the cleaved and circulating form of the exercise-induced membrane protein FNDC5, is sufficient to confer the benefits of exercise on cognitive function. Genetic deletion of Fndc5/irisin (global Fndc5 knock-out (KO) mice; F5KO) impairs cognitive function in exercise, ageing and AD. Diminished pattern separation in F5KO mice can be rescued by delivering irisin directly into the dentate gyrus, suggesting that irisin is the active moiety. In F5KO mice, adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus are morphologically, transcriptionally and functionally abnormal. Importantly, elevation of circulating irisin levels by peripheral delivery of irisin via adeno-associated viral overexpression in the liver results in enrichment of central irisin and is sufficient to improve both the cognitive deficit and neuropathology in AD mouse models. Irisin is a crucial regulator of the cognitive benefits of exercise and is a potential therapeutic agent for treating cognitive disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Islam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Valaris
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Young
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin B Haley
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renhao Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina F Bond
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Mazuera
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert R Kitchen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Angela B Schmider
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy J Soberman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoine Besnard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Tu
- LakePharma, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Eunhee Kim
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christiane D Wrann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Machino M, Gong Y, Ozaki T, Suzuki Y, Watanabe E, Imagama S, Kadomatsu K, Sakamoto K. Dermatan sulfate is an activating ligand of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. J Biochem 2021; 170:631-637. [PMID: 34270745 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that harbors a tyrosine kinase domain in its intracellular region and is expressed in both central and peripheral nervous systems. RTKs are activated upon ligand binding and receptor clustering; however, ALK remains an orphan receptor despite its pathological significance, especially in malignancy. Recent biochemical work showed that heparan sulfate (HS), an unbranched sulfated glycan, acts as a ligand for and activates ALK. Here we show that dermatan sulfate (DS, chondroitin sulfate B) directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminal region of ALK as well as HS. The tetrasaccharide of DS was required and was sufficient for inducing autophosphorylation of ALK at tyrosine 1604, a marker for activated ALK. Interestingly, longer oligosaccharides caused enhanced activation of ALK, as was the case for HS. Our results provide a novel example of glycans as signaling molecules and shed light on the pathophysiological roles of ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Machino
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuanhao Gong
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ozaki
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Departments of Obesterics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Departments of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Kawauchi D, Takahashi M, Satomi K, Yamamuro S, Kobayashi T, Uchida E, Honda-Kitahara M, Narita Y, Iwadate Y, Ichimura K, Tomiyama A. The ALK inhibitors, alectinib and ceritinib, induce ALK-independent and STAT3-dependent glioblastoma cell death. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2442-2453. [PMID: 33728771 PMCID: PMC8177803 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, but extremely malignant, brain tumor; thus, the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GBMs is imperative. Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved for various cancers, yet none has demonstrated clinical benefit against GBM. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is confirmed only during the embryonic development period in humans. In addition, various ALK gene alterations are known to act as powerful oncogenes and therapeutic targets in various tumors. The antitumor activity of various TKIs was tested against three human GBM cell lines (U87MG, LN229, and GSC23), which expressed substantially low ALK levels; second‐generation ALK inhibitors, alectinib and ceritinib, effectively induced GBM cell death. In addition, treatment with either alectinib or ceritinib modulated the activation of various molecules downstream of RTK signaling and induced caspase‐dependent/‐independent cell death mainly by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation in human GBM cells. In addition, alectinib and ceritinib also showed antitumor activity against a U87MG cell line with acquired temozolomide resistance. Finally, oral administration of alectinib and ceritinib prolonged the survival of mice harboring intracerebral GBM xenografts compared with controls. These results suggested that treatment with the second‐generation ALK inhibitors, alectinib and ceritinib, might serve as a potent therapeutic strategy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawauchi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamuro
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eita Uchida
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka-City, Japan
| | - Mai Honda-Kitahara
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Tomiyama
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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15
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Siaw JT, Gabre JL, Uçkun E, Vigny M, Zhang W, Van den Eynden J, Hallberg B, Palmer RH, Guan J. Loss of RET Promotes Mesenchymal Identity in Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081909. [PMID: 33921066 PMCID: PMC8071449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) drives neuroblastoma (NB). Previous work identified the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) as a downstream target of ALK activity in NB models. We show here that ALK activation in response to ALKAL2 ligand results in the rapid phosphorylation of RET in NB cells, providing additional insight into the contribution of RET to the ALK-driven gene signature in NB. To further address the role of RET in NB, RET knockout (KO) SK-N-AS cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering. Gene expression analysis of RET KO NB cells identified a reprogramming of NB cells to a mesenchymal (MES) phenotype that was characterized by increased migration and upregulation of the AXL and MNNG HOS transforming gene (MET) RTKs, as well as integrins and extracellular matrix components. Strikingly, the upregulation of AXL in the absence of RET reflects the development timeline observed in the neural crest as progenitor cells undergo differentiation during embryonic development. Together, these findings suggest that a MES phenotype is promoted in mesenchymal NB cells in the absence of RET, reflective of a less differentiated developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim T. Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Jonatan L. Gabre
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
- Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Ezgi Uçkun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Marc Vigny
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, INSERM UMRS-839, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China;
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (J.T.S.); (J.L.G.); (E.U.); (B.H.); (R.H.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Surgery, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mao R, Zhang X, Kong Y, Wu S, Huo HQ, Kong Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Jia Z, Zhou Z. Transcriptome Regulation by Oncogenic ALK Pathway in Mammalian Cortical Development Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3911-3924. [PMID: 33791755 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of embryonic neurodevelopment is crucial for proper structural organization and functioning of the adult brain. The key molecular machinery orchestrating this process remains unclear. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an oncogenic receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase that is specifically and transiently expressed in developing nervous system. However, its role in the mammalian brain development is unknown. We found that transient embryonic ALK inactivation caused long-lasting abnormalities in the adult mouse brain, including impaired neuronal connectivity and cognition, along with delayed neuronal migration and decreased neuronal proliferation during neurodevelopment. scRNA-seq on human cerebral organoids revealed a delayed transition of cell-type composition. Molecular characterization identified a group of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were temporally regulated by ALK at distinct developmental stages. In addition to oncogenes, many DEGs found by scRNA-seq are associated with neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders. Our study demonstrates a pivotal role of oncogenic ALK pathway in neurodevelopment and characterized cell-type-specific transcriptome regulated by ALK for better understanding mammalian cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, The Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400 China
| | - Youyong Kong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Hai-Qin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yue Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, The Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400 China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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17
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Scarfone G, Fumagalli M, Imbimbo M, Ceruti T, Cribiù FM, Di Loreto E, D'Incalci M, Facchin F, Fontana C, Garassino MC, Peccatori FA, Persico N, Signorelli D, Zucchetti M. First Case Report of Pregnancy on Alectinib in a Woman With Metastatic ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer: A Case Report. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:873-877. [PMID: 33795207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first case report of a patient with ALK-rearranged metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who became pregnant during treatment with alectinib. A multidisciplinary team of gynecologists, neonatologists, oncologists, psychologists, and pharmacologists was set up to handle the case. According to patient's preference, the study drug was continued throughout pregnancy and the woman delivered a healthy baby girl at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation. Fetal parameters remained normal during pregnancy. At birth, alectinib levels were 14 times higher in maternal plasma than in the fetus (259 versus 18 ng/mL). The average concentration of alectinib in the placenta was 562 ng/g. The baby was followed during her first 20 months, and no developmental anomalies were observed. After 32 months from diagnosis, the mother is well and in partial remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Scarfone
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fumagalli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne University Hospital, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Ceruti
- Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenia Di Loreto
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Camilla Fontana
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy; Department of Medicine, Section Hematology Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Fedro A Peccatori
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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18
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Hamada K, Ferguson LB, Mayfield RD, Krishnan HR, Maienschein-Cline M, Lasek AW. Binge-like ethanol drinking activates anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling and increases the expression of STAT3 target genes in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12729. [PMID: 33641239 PMCID: PMC8944393 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a complex pathogenesis, making it a difficult disorder to treat. Identifying relevant signaling pathways in the brain may be useful for finding new pharmacological targets to treat AUD. The receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activates the transcription factor STAT3 in response to ethanol in cell lines. Here, we show ALK activation and upregulation of known STAT3 target genes (Socs3, Gfap and Tnfrsf1a) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral hippocampus (HPC) of mice after 4 days of binge-like ethanol drinking. Mice treated with the STAT3 inhibitor stattic drank less ethanol than vehicle-treated mice, demonstrating the behavioral importance of STAT3. To identify novel ethanol-induced target genes downstream of the ALK and STAT3 pathway, we analyzed the NIH LINCS L1000 database for gene signature overlap between ALK inhibitor (alectinib and NVP-TAE684) and STAT3 inhibitor (niclosamide) treatments on cell lines. These genes were then compared with differentially expressed genes in the PFC of mice after binge-like drinking. We found 95 unique gene candidates, out of which 57 had STAT3 binding motifs in their promoters. We further showed by qPCR that expression of the putative STAT3 genes Nr1h2, Smarcc1, Smarca4 and Gpnmb were increased in either the PFC or HPC after binge-like drinking. Together, these results indicate activation of the ALK-STAT3 signaling pathway in the brain after binge-like ethanol consumption, identify putative novel ethanol-responsive STAT3 target genes, and suggest that STAT3 inhibition may be a potential method to reduce binge drinking in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hamada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Laura B. Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R. Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol Addiction Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Harish R. Krishnan
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | | | - Amy W. Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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19
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Aberrant role of ALK in tau proteinopathy through autophagosomal dysregulation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5542-5556. [PMID: 33452442 PMCID: PMC8758490 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathy in neurodegenerative diseases is typically characterized by deteriorating activity of specific protein aggregates. In tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau protein abnormally accumulates and induces dysfunction of the affected neurons. Despite active identification of tau modifications responsible for tau aggregation, a critical modulator inducing tau proteinopathy by affecting its protein degradation flux is not known. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is crucial for the tau-mediated AD pathology. ALK caused abnormal accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau in the somatodendritic region of neurons through its tyrosine kinase activity. ALK-induced LC3-positive axon swelling and loss of spine density, leading to tau-dependent neuronal degeneration. Notably, ALK activation in neurons impaired Stx17-dependent autophagosome maturation and this defect was reversed by a dominant-negative Grb2. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, transgenic flies neuronally expressing active Drosophila Alk exhibited the aggravated tau rough eye phenotype with retinal degeneration and shortened lifespan. In contrast, expression of kinase-dead Alk blocked these phenotypes. Consistent with the previous RNAseq analysis showing upregulation of ALK expression in AD [1], ALK levels were significantly elevated in the brains of AD patients showing autophagosomal defects. Injection of an ALK.Fc-lentivirus exacerbated memory impairment in 3xTg-AD mice. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of ALK activity with inhibitors reversed the memory impairment and tau accumulation in both 3xTg-AD and tauC3 (caspase-cleaved tau) transgenic mice. Together, we propose that aberrantly activated ALK is a bona fide mediator of tau proteinopathy that disrupts autophagosome maturation and causes tau accumulation and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction in AD.
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20
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Ang MJ, Lee S, Kim JC, Kim SH, Moon C. Behavioral Tasks Evaluating Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in Animal Models: A Recent Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:641-664. [PMID: 32798374 PMCID: PMC8573744 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200814175114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects more than 21 million people worldwide. Both genetics and the environment play a role in its etiology and pathogenesis. Symptoms of schizophrenia are mainly categorized into positive, negative, and cognitive. One major approach to identify and understand these diverse symptoms in humans has been to study behavioral phenotypes in a range of animal models of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the behavioral tasks commonly used for measuring schizophrenia-like behaviors in rodents together with an update of the recent study findings. METHODS Articles describing phenotypes of schizophrenia-like behaviors in various animal models were collected through a literature search in Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with a focus on advances over the last 10 years. RESULTS Numerous studies have used a range of animal models and behavioral paradigms of schizophrenia to develop antipsychotic drugs for improved therapeutics. In establishing animal models of schizophrenia, the candidate models were evaluated for schizophrenia-like behaviors using several behavioral tasks for positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms designed to verify human symptoms of schizophrenia. Such validated animal models were provided as rapid preclinical avenues for drug testing and mechanistic studies. CONCLUSION Based on the most recent advances in the field, it is apparent that a myriad of behavior tests are needed to confirm and evaluate the congruency of animal models with the numerous behaviors and clinical signs exhibited by patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changjong Moon
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, South Korea, Tel: +82-62-530-2838; E-mail:
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21
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Dornburg A, Wang Z, Wang J, Mo ES, López-Giráldez F, Townsend JP. Comparative Genomics within and across Bilaterians Illuminates the Evolutionary History of ALK and LTK Proto-Oncogene Origination and Diversification. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 13:5983394. [PMID: 33196781 PMCID: PMC7851593 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative genomic analyses have enormous potential for identifying key genes central to human health phenotypes, including those that promote cancers. In particular, the successful development of novel therapeutics using model species requires phylogenetic analyses to determine molecular homology. Accordingly, we investigate the evolutionary histories of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)—which can underlie tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma—its close relative leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) and their candidate ligands. Homology of ligands identified in model organisms to those functioning in humans remains unclear. Therefore, we searched for homologs of the human genes across metazoan genomes, finding that the candidate ligands Jeb and Hen-1 were restricted to nonvertebrate species. In contrast, the ligand augmentor (AUG) was only identified in vertebrates. We found two ALK-like and four AUG-like protein-coding genes in lamprey. Of these six genes, only one ALK-like and two AUG-like genes exhibited early embryonic expression that parallels model mammal systems. Two copies of AUG are present in nearly all jawed vertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the presence of previously unrecognized functional convergences of ALK and LTK between actinopterygians and sarcopterygians—despite contemporaneous, highly conserved synteny of ALK and LTK. These findings provide critical guidance regarding the propriety of fish and mammal models with regard to model organism-based investigation of these medically important genes. In sum, our results provide the phylogenetic context necessary for effective investigations of the functional roles and biology of these critically important receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina Charlotte
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth S Mo
- Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | | | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.,Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven
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22
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Chen J, Wang W, Sun H, Pang L, Yin B. Mutation-mediated influences on binding of anaplastic lymphoma kinase to crizotinib decoded by multiple replica Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1289-1305. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Constitutional Thinness: tALKing the tALK or wALKing the wALK? Cell Metab 2020; 32:8-10. [PMID: 32640247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a recent issue of Cell, Orthofer et al. (2020) present a body of data from mice, flies, and humans that suggest (1) a physiological role for Alk in the normal control of energy balance across several species and (2) a possible contribution of genetic variants in or near ALK to the variability of adiposity in humans, more specifically at its lower end.
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24
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Orthofer M, Valsesia A, Mägi R, Wang QP, Kaczanowska J, Kozieradzki I, Leopoldi A, Cikes D, Zopf LM, Tretiakov EO, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Boehm A, Ticevic M, Nõukas M, Jais A, Spirk K, Clark T, Amann S, Lepamets M, Neumayr C, Arnold C, Dou Z, Kuhn V, Novatchkova M, Cronin SJF, Tietge UJF, Müller S, Pospisilik JA, Nagy V, Hui CC, Lazovic J, Esterbauer H, Hagelkruys A, Tancevski I, Kiefer FW, Harkany T, Haubensak W, Neely GG, Metspalu A, Hager J, Gheldof N, Penninger JM. Identification of ALK in Thinness. Cell 2020; 181:1246-1262.e22. [PMID: 32442405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in susceptibility to weight gain despite an equally obesogenic environment in large parts of the world. Whereas many studies have focused on identifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity, we performed a GWAS on metabolically healthy thin individuals (lowest 6th percentile of the population-wide BMI spectrum) in a uniquely phenotyped Estonian cohort. We discovered anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) as a candidate thinness gene. In Drosophila, RNAi mediated knockdown of Alk led to decreased triglyceride levels. In mice, genetic deletion of Alk resulted in thin animals with marked resistance to diet- and leptin-mutation-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we found that ALK expression in hypothalamic neurons controls energy expenditure via sympathetic control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Our genetic and mechanistic experiments identify ALK as a thinness gene, which is involved in the resistance to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Evgenii O Tretiakov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Margit Nõukas
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Teleri Clark
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sabine Amann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Maarja Lepamets
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | | | - Cosmas Arnold
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Zhengchao Dou
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria; Section for Chemical Neurotransmission, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum 7D, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wulf Haubensak
- IMP, Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Dr. John and Anne Chong Lab for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jorg Hager
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Gheldof
- Metabolic Phenotyping, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1030, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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25
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Woodling NS, Aleyakpo B, Dyson MC, Minkley LJ, Rajasingam A, Dobson AJ, Leung KHC, Pomposova S, Fuentealba M, Alic N, Partridge L. The neuronal receptor tyrosine kinase Alk is a target for longevity. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13137. [PMID: 32291952 PMCID: PMC7253064 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of signalling through several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including the insulin-like growth factor receptor and its orthologues, extends healthy lifespan in organisms from diverse evolutionary taxa. This raises the possibility that other RTKs, including those already well studied for their roles in cancer and developmental biology, could be promising targets for extending healthy lifespan. Here, we focus on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk), an RTK with established roles in nervous system development and in multiple cancers, but whose effects on aging remain unclear. We find that several means of reducing Alk signalling, including mutation of its ligand jelly belly (jeb), RNAi knock-down of Alk, or expression of dominant-negative Alk in adult neurons, can extend healthy lifespan in female, but not male, Drosophila. Moreover, reduced Alk signalling preserves neuromuscular function with age, promotes resistance to starvation and xenobiotic stress, and improves night sleep consolidation. We find further that inhibition of Alk signalling in adult neurons modulates the expression of several insulin-like peptides, providing a potential mechanistic link between neuronal Alk signalling and organism-wide insulin-like signalling. Finally, we show that TAE-684, a small molecule inhibitor of Alk, can extend healthy lifespan in Drosophila, suggesting that the repurposing of Alk inhibitors may be a promising direction for strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S. Woodling
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Benjamin Aleyakpo
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Miranda Claire Dyson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Lucy J. Minkley
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Arjunan Rajasingam
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Adam J. Dobson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Kristie H. C. Leung
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Simona Pomposova
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Matías Fuentealba
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Nazif Alic
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
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26
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ALK Inhibitors-Induced M Phase Delay Contributes to the Suppression of Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041054. [PMID: 32344689 PMCID: PMC7226408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers. ALK has been targeted with small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of different cancers, but absolute success remains elusive. In the present study, the effects of ALK inhibitors on M phase progression were evaluated. Crizotinib, ceritinib, and TAE684 suppressed proliferation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At approximate IC50 concentrations, these inhibitors caused misorientation of spindles, misalignment of chromosomes and reduction in autophosphorylation. Similarly, knockdown of ALK caused M phase delay, which was rescued by re-expression of ALK. Time-lapse imaging revealed that anaphase onset was delayed. The monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) inhibitor, AZ3146, and MAD2 knockdown led to a release from inhibitor-induced M phase delay, suggesting that spindle assembly checkpoint may be activated in ALK-inhibited cells. H2228 human lung carcinoma cells that express EML4-ALK fusion showed M phase delay in the presence of TAE684 at about IC50 concentrations. These results suggest that ALK plays a role in M phase regulation and ALK inhibition may contribute to the suppression of cell proliferation in ALK-expressing cancer cells.
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27
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Gaynor SC, Monson ET, Gaine ME, Chimenti MS, Reichman RD, Parsons M, Oonthonpan L, Zandi PP, Potash JB, Willour VL. Male-specific association of the 2p25 region with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:151-158. [PMID: 31830721 PMCID: PMC8344384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of attempted suicide within bipolar disorder, which implicated common variation in the 2p25 region primarily in males. The top association signal from our GWAS occurred in an intergenic region of 2p25 (p = 5.07 × 10-8) and was supported by two independent studies. In the current study, to better characterize the association of the 2p25 region with attempted suicide, we sequenced the entire 350kb 2p25 region in 476 bipolar suicide attempters and 473 bipolar non-attempters using targeted next-generation sequencing. This fine-mapping project identified 4,681 variants in the 2p25 region. We performed both gene-level and individual-variant tests on our sequencing results and identified 375 variants which were nominally significant (p < 0.05) and three common variants that were significantly associated with attempted suicide in males (corrected p = 0.035, odds ratio (OR) = 2.13). These three variants are in strong linkage disequilibrium with the top variant from our GWAS. Our top five variants are also predicted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for three genes in the 2p25 region based on publicly available brain expression databases. Our sequencing and eQTL data implicate these three genes - SH3YL1, ACP1, and FAM150B - and three additional pathways - androgen receptor, Wnt signaling, and glutamatergic/GABAergic signaling - in the association of the 2p25 region with suicide. The current study provides additional support for an association of the 2p25 region with attempted suicide in males and identifies several candidate genes and pathways that warrant further investigation to understand their role in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Gaynor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eric T. Monson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Marie E. Gaine
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Michael S. Chimenti
- Bioinformatics Division, Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rachel D. Reichman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Meredith Parsons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Lalita Oonthonpan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peter P. Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Virginia L. Willour
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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28
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Hwang J, Song I, Lee K, Kim HR, Hong EH, Hwang JS, Ahn SH, Lee J. KRCA-0008 suppresses ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma growth. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1282-1291. [PMID: 31956933 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which belongs to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily, plays an important role in nervous system development. Due to chromosomal translocations, point mutations, and gene amplification, constitutively activated ALK has been implicated in a variety of human cancers, including anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), non-small cell lung cancer, and neuroblastoma. We evaluated the anti-cancer activity of the ALK inhibitor KRCA-0008 using ALCL cell lines that express NPM (nucleophosmin)-ALK. KRCA-0008 strongly suppressed the proliferation and survival of NPM-ALK-positive ALCL cells. Additionally, it induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking downstream signals including STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2. Tumor growth was strongly suppressed in mice inoculated with Karpas-299 tumor xenografts and orally treated with KRCA-0008 (50 mg/kg, BID) for 2 weeks. Our results suggest that KRCA-0008 will be useful in further investigations of ALK signaling, and may provide therapeutic opportunities for NPM-ALK-positive ALCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoong Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Rae Kim
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a large family of proteins that transduce extracellular signals to the inside of the cell to ultimately affect important cellular functions such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration. They are expressed in the nervous system and can regulate behavior through modulation of neuronal and glial function. As a result, RTKs are implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders such as depression and addiction. Evidence has emerged that 5 RTKs (tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), RET proto-oncogene (RET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) modulate alcohol drinking and other behaviors related to alcohol addiction. RTKs are considered highly "druggable" targets and small-molecule inhibitors of RTKs have been developed for the treatment of various conditions, particularly cancer. These kinases are therefore attractive targets for the development of new pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). This review will examine the preclinical evidence describing TrkB, RET, ALK, FGFR, and EGFR modulation of alcohol drinking and other behaviors relevant to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hamada
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, MC 912, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA.
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Jamshed MB, Munir F, Shahid N, Sadiq U, Muhammad SA, Ghanem NB, Zhong H, Li X, Zhang Q. Antitumor activity and combined inhibitory effect of ceritinib with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G109-G119. [PMID: 31736340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00130.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is predominantly incurable and is primarily treated with gemcitabine, but drug resistance commonly develops. Thus, new medicines are needed. Ceritinib (LDK378) is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with antitumor activity in various cancers. However, studies involving ceritinib for the treatment of PC are inadequate. We analyzed the combined effects of ceritinib and gemcitabine on PC and their mechanism of action. Three PC cell lines were used to evaluate the antitumor effects of ceritinib combined with gemcitabine. We analyzed cell viability using CCK-8 assays, determined apoptosis levels through flow cytometry, and analyzed autophagy and cell signaling pathways by Western blotting and tissue array analysis with samples from xenograft models. Ceritinib strongly inhibited the proliferation of PC cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced apoptosis, and inhibited autophagy and cell migration by regulating relevant factors. Ceritinib in combination with gemcitabine exhibited significant growth inhibition and additive antitumor effects in vitro. In vivo, gemcitabine and ceritinib reduced tumor size by up to 30%. In our study, ALK was shown to be highly expressed in various PC cells and tissues. Ceritinib strongly inhibited the levels of activated ALK in PC cells with subsequent effects on the downstream mediators STAT3, AKT, and ERK. In addition, ceritinib inhibited tumor progression in xenograft models. Overall, our research shows that ceritinib inhibits the ALK signaling pathway, leading to cell growth/angiogenesis inhibition in PC and the induction of apoptosis. We recommend using ceritinib as a new treatment for PC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These data proved that ceritinib inhibits the anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling pathway, leading to cell growth/angiogenesis inhibition and the induction of apoptosis by inhibiting STAT3, AKT, and ERK pathway in pancreatic cancer (PC). We recommend using ceritinib as a new treatment for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Jamshed
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Numan Shahid
- Department of General Surgery, The School of International Studies of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ussama Sadiq
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Noor Bader Ghanem
- The School of International Studies of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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31
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Lucchese G, Flöel A, Stahl B. A Peptide Link Between Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, Neuronal Migration, and Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:349. [PMID: 32457660 PMCID: PMC7225321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside biological, psychological, and social risk factors, psychotic syndromes may be related to disturbances of neuronal migration. This highly complex process characterizes the developing brain of the fetus, the early postnatal brain, and the adult brain, as reflected by changes within the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where neurogenesis persists throughout life. Psychosis also appears to be linked to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, little is known about the connection between psychosis, HCMV infection, and disruption of neuronal migration. The present study addresses the hypothesis that HCMV infection may lead to mental disorders through mechanisms of autoimmune cross-reactivity. Searching for common peptides that underlie immune cross-reactions, the analyses focus on HCMV and human proteins involved in neuronal migration. Results demonstrate a large overlap of viral peptides with human proteins associated with neuronal migration, such as ventral anterior homeobox 1 and cell adhesion molecule 1 implicated in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present findings support the possibility of immune cross-reactivity between HCMV and human proteins that-when altered, mutated, or improperly functioning-may disrupt normal neuronal migration. In addition, these findings are consistent with a molecular and mechanistic framework for pathological sequences of events, beginning with HCMV infection, followed by immune activation, cross-reactivity, and neuronal protein variations that may ultimately contribute to the emergence of mental disorders, including psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Wei R, Liu X, Voss C, Qin W, Dagnino L, Li L, Vigny M, Li SSC. NUMB regulates the endocytosis and activity of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase in an isoform-specific manner. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:994-1005. [PMID: 30726988 PMCID: PMC6927325 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NUMB is an evolutionarily conserved protein that plays an important role in cell adhesion, migration, polarity, and cell fate determination. It has also been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, although it remains controversial whether NUMB functions as an oncoprotein or tumor suppressor. Here, we show that NUMB binds to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase aberrantly activated in several forms of cancer, and this interaction regulates the endocytosis and activity of ALK. Intriguingly, the function of the NUMB-ALK interaction is isoform-dependent. While both p66-NUMB and p72-NUMB isoforms are capable of mediating the endocytosis of ALK, the former directs ALK to the lysosomal degradation pathway, thus decreasing the overall ALK level and the downstream MAP kinase signal. In contrast, the p72-NUMB isoform promotes ALK recycling back to the plasma membrane, thereby maintaining the kinase in its active state. Our work sheds light on the controversial role of different isoforms of NUMB in tumorigenesis and provides mechanistic insight into ALK regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Departments of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Voss
- Departments of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wentao Qin
- Departments of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Physiology and Pharmacology and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Marc Vigny
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, INSERM UMRS-839, Paris, France
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Departments of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Cervantes-Madrid D, Szydzik J, Lind DE, Borenäs M, Bemark M, Cui J, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Repotrectinib (TPX-0005), effectively reduces growth of ALK driven neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19353. [PMID: 31852910 PMCID: PMC6920469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most commonly diagnosed extracranial tumor in the first year of life. Approximately 9% of neuroblastoma patients present germline or somatic aberrations in the gene encoding for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). This increases in high-risk neuroblastomas, which have a 14% frequency of ALK aberrations at the time of diagnosis and show increasing numbers at relapse. Abrogating ALK activity with kinase inhibitors is employed as clinical therapy in malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer and has shown good results in pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. A phase I clinical trial of the first generation ALK inhibitor, crizotinib, in neuroblastoma patients showed modest results and suggested that further investigation was needed. Continuous development of ALK inhibitors has resulted in the third generation inhibitor repotrectinib (TPX-0005), which targets the active kinase conformations of ALK, ROS1 and TRK receptors. In the present study we investigated the effects of repotrectinib in a neuroblastoma setting in vitro and in vivo. Neuroblastoma cell lines were treated with repotrectinib to investigate inhibition of ALK and to determine its effect on proliferation. PC12 cells transfected with different ALK mutant variants were used to study the efficacy of repotrectinib to block ALK activation/signaling. The in vivo effect of repotrectinib was also analyzed in a neuroblastoma xenograft model. Our results show that repotrectinib is capable of inhibiting signaling activity of a range of ALK mutant variants found in neuroblastoma patients and importantly it exhibits strong antitumor effects in a xenograft model of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cervantes-Madrid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Szydzik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Emil Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Borenäs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean Cui
- Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc. 10628 Science Center Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California, 92121, United States
| | - Ruth Helen Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pinsolle J, McLeer-Florin A, Giaj Levra M, de Fraipont F, Emprou C, Gobbini E, Toffart AC. Translating Systems Medicine Into Clinical Practice: Examples From Pulmonary Medicine With Genetic Disorders, Infections, Inflammations, Cancer Genesis, and Treatment Implication of Molecular Alterations in Non-small-cell Lung Cancers and Personalized Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:233. [PMID: 31737634 PMCID: PMC6828737 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) represent 85% of all lung cancers, with adenocarcinoma as the most common subtype. Since the 2000's, the discovery of molecular alterations including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements together with the development of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has facilitated the development of personalized medicine in the management of this disease. This review focuses on the biology of molecular alterations in NSCLC as well as the diagnostic tools and therapeutic alternatives available for each targetable alteration. Rapid and sensitive methods are essential to detect gene alterations, using tumor tissue biopsies or liquid biopsies. Massive parallel sequencing or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) allows to simultaneously analyze numerous genes from relatively low amounts of DNA. The detection of oncogenic fusions can be conducted using fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or NGS. EGFR mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements, MET (MET proto-oncogenereceptor tyrosine kinase), BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogen serine/threonine kinase), NTRK (neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase), and RET (ret proto-oncogene) alterations are described with their respective TKIs, either already authorized or still in development. We have herein paid particular attention to the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR and ALK-TKI. As a wealth of diagnostic tools and personalized treatments are currently under development, a close collaboration between molecular biologists, pathologists, and oncologists is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Pinsolle
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne McLeer-Florin
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Departement of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Giaj Levra
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Environmental Toxicology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence de Fraipont
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Environmental Toxicology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Emprou
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Departement of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Pôle de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisa Gobbini
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Cancer Research Center Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claire Toffart
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Medicine Faculty, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UGA/INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309-Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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35
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Molecular Alterations in Thyroid Cancer: From Bench to Clinical Practice. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090709. [PMID: 31540307 PMCID: PMC6771012 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer comprises different clinical and histological entities. Whereas differentiated (DTCs) malignancies are sensitive to radioiodine therapy, anaplastic (ATCs) and medullary (MTCs) tumors do not uptake radioactive iodine and display aggressive features associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, in a majority of DTCs, disease evolution leads to the progressive loss of iodine sensitivity. Hence, iodine-refractory DTCs, along with ATCs and MTCs, require alternative treatments reflective of their different tumor biology. In the last decade, the molecular mechanisms promoting thyroid cancer development and progression have been extensively studied. This has led to a better understanding of the genomic landscape, displayed by thyroid malignancies, and to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Indeed, several pharmacological compounds have been developed for iodine-refractory tumors, with four multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors already available for DTCs (sorafenib and lenvatinib) and MTCs (cabozantib and vandetanib), and a plethora of drugs currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we will describe the genomic alterations and biological processes intertwined with thyroid cancer development, also providing a thorough overview of targeted drugs already tested or under investigation for these tumors. Furthermore, given the existing preclinical evidence, we will briefly discuss the potential role of immunotherapy as an additional therapeutic strategy for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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36
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Lei H, Jiang N, Miao X, Xing L, Guo M, Liu Y, Xu H, Gong P, Zuo D, Zhai X. Discovery of novel mutant-combating ALK and ROS1 dual inhibitors bearing imidazolidin-2-one moiety with reasonable PK properties. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:513-519. [PMID: 29570100 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Our study was to examine the roles of crizotinib and ceritinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and explore the possible mechanisms. MTT assay was employed to examine the proliferation of five HCC cell lines treated with various concentrations of crizotinib or ceritinib. HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells were incubated with 2 nmol/l ceritinib for 1 week, followed by crystal violet staining and cell counting. Protein amounts of t-ALK, p-ALK, t-AKT, p-AKT, t-ERK, p-ERK, Mcl-1, survivin, and XIAP in HepG2 cells under different culture conditions were evaluated by western blot. HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells were treated with vehicle or ceritinib and measured by flow cytometry apoptosis analysis with Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining. MTT assay showed that both crizotinib and ceritinib suppressed the proliferation of various human HCC cells. Crystal violet staining analysis also indicated that ceritinib effectively inhibited human HCC cell proliferation. Western blot analysis indicated that both crizotinib and ceritinib inhibited ALK, AKT, and ERK phosphorylations. In addition, ceritinib reduced antiapoptotic gene expressions in HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ceritinib induced HepG2 and HCCLM3 cells apoptosis. ALK inhibitor exhibited antitumor effects by inhibiting ALK activation, repressing AKT and ERK pathways, and suppressing antiapoptotic gene expressions, which subsequently promoted apoptosis and suppressed HCC cell proliferations.
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38
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Fushimi M, Fujimori I, Wakabayashi T, Hasui T, Kawakita Y, Imamura K, Kato T, Murakami M, Ishii T, Kikko Y, Kasahara M, Nakatani A, Hiura Y, Miyamoto M, Saikatendu K, Zou H, Lane SW, Lawson JD, Imoto H. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant 1H-Pyrazol-5-yl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4915-4935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fushimi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fujimori
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakabayashi
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hasui
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Youichi Kawakita
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imamura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Morio Murakami
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Kikko
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Kasahara
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakatani
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuto Hiura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Miyamoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kumar Saikatendu
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Weston Lane
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. David Lawson
- Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hiroshi Imoto
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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39
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Cao Z, Gao Q, Fu M, Ni N, Pei Y, Ou WB. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions: Roles in cancer and therapeutic perspectives. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2020-2030. [PMID: 30675269 PMCID: PMC6341817 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) serves a crucial role in brain development. ALK is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p23) and exchange of chromosomal segments with other genes, including nucleophosmin (NPM), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and Trk-fused gene (TFG), readily occurs. Such chromosomal translocation results in the formation of chimeric X-ALK fusion oncoproteins, which possess potential oncogenic functions due to constitutive activation of ALK kinase. These proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including lymphoma, lung cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), Spitz tumors, renal carcinoma, thyroid cancer, digestive tract cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and ovarian carcinoma. Targeting of ALK fusion oncoproteins exclusively, or in combination with ALK kinase inhibitors including crizotinib, is the most common therapeutic strategy. As is often the case for small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance eventually develops via an adaptive secondary mutation in the ALK fusion oncogene, or through engagement of alternative signaling mechanisms. The updated mechanisms of a variety of ALK fusions in tumorigenesis, proliferation and metastasis, in addition to targeted therapies are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated with Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Meixian Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Nan Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Pei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, P.R. China
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40
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Heppenheimer E, Brzeski KE, Hinton JW, Patterson BR, Rutledge LY, DeCandia AL, Wheeldon T, Fain SR, Hohenlohe PA, Kays R, White BN, Chamberlain MJ, vonHoldt BM. High genomic diversity and candidate genes under selection associated with range expansion in eastern coyote ( Canis latrans) populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12641-12655. [PMID: 30619570 PMCID: PMC6309008 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Range expansion is a widespread biological process, with well-described theoretical expectations associated with the colonization of novel ranges. However, comparatively few empirical studies address the genomic outcomes accompanying the genome-wide consequences associated with the range expansion process, particularly in recent or ongoing expansions. Here, we assess two recent and distinct eastward expansion fronts of a highly mobile carnivore, the coyote (Canis latrans), to investigate patterns of genomic diversity and identify variants that may have been under selection during range expansion. Using a restriction-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), we genotyped 394 coyotes at 22,935 SNPs and found that overall population structure corresponded to their 19th century historical range and two distinct populations that expanded during the 20th century. Counter to theoretical expectations for populations to bottleneck during range expansions, we observed minimal evidence for decreased genomic diversity across coyotes sampled along either expansion front, which is likely due to hybridization with other Canis species. Furthermore, we identified 12 SNPs, located either within genes or putative regulatory regions, that were consistently associated with range expansion. Of these 12 genes, three (CACNA1C, ALK, and EPHA6) have putative functions related to dispersal, including habituation to novel environments and spatial learning, consistent with the expectations for traits under selection during range expansion. Although coyote colonization of eastern North America is well-publicized, this study provides novel insights by identifying genes associated with dispersal capabilities in coyotes on the two eastern expansion fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin E. Brzeski
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan
| | - Joseph W. Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Brent R. Patterson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | - Linda Y. Rutledge
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | | | - Tyler Wheeldon
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | | | - Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
| | - Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Bridgett M. vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
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41
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Huang H. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: A Catalytic Receptor with Many Faces. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3448. [PMID: 30400214 PMCID: PMC6274813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor is a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase. The pathogenesis of several cancers is closely related to aberrant forms of ALK or aberrant ALK expression, including ALK fusion proteins, ALK-activated point mutations, and ALK amplification. Clinical applications of different ALK inhibitors represent significant progress in targeted therapy. Knowledge of different aspects of ALK biology can provide significant information to further the understanding of this receptor tyrosine kinase. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize different features of ALK. We also summarize some recent research advances on ALK fusion proteins in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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42
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Zeng L, Kang R, Zhu S, Wang X, Cao L, Wang H, Billiar TR, Jiang J, Tang D. ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/412/eaan5689. [PMID: 29046432 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by infection, is a major public health concern with limited therapeutic options. We provide evidence to support a role for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tumor-associated receptor tyrosine kinase, in the regulation of innate immunity during lethal sepsis. The genetic disruption of ALK expression diminishes the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated host immune response to cyclic dinucleotides in monocytes and macrophages. Mechanistically, ALK directly interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to trigger serine-threonine protein kinase AKT phosphorylation and activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, enabling STING-dependent rigorous inflammatory responses. Moreover, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the ALK-STING pathway confers protection against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis in mice. The ALK pathway is up-regulated in patients with sepsis. These findings uncover a key role for ALK in modulating the inflammatory signaling pathway and shed light on the development of ALK-targeting therapeutics for lethal systemic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Research institute for Traffic Medicine of People's Liberation Army, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Center for DAMP Biology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shan Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Center for DAMP Biology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Research institute for Traffic Medicine of People's Liberation Army, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Research institute for Traffic Medicine of People's Liberation Army, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Center for DAMP Biology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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43
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Fernández-Calle R, Vicente-Rodríguez M, Pastor M, Gramage E, Di Geronimo B, Zapico JM, Coderch C, Pérez-García C, Lasek AW, de Pascual-Teresa B, Ramos A, Herradón G. Pharmacological inhibition of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase β/ζ (PTPRZ1) modulates behavioral responses to ethanol. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:86-95. [PMID: 29753117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) and Midkine (MK) are neurotrophic factors that are upregulated in the prefrontal cortex after alcohol administration and have been shown to reduce ethanol drinking and reward. PTN and MK are the endogenous inhibitors of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ (a.k.a. PTPRZ1, RPTPβ, PTPζ), suggesting a potential role for this phosphatase in the regulation of alcohol effects. To determine if RPTPβ/ζ regulates ethanol consumption, we treated mice with recently developed small-molecule inhibitors of RPTPβ/ζ (MY10, MY33-3) before testing them for binge-like drinking using the drinking in the dark protocol. Mice treated with RPTPβ/ζ inhibitors, particularly with MY10, drank less ethanol than controls. MY10 treatment blocked ethanol conditioned place preference, showed limited effects on ethanol-induced ataxia, and potentiated the sedative effects of ethanol. We also tested whether RPTPβ/ζ is involved in ethanol signaling pathways. We found that ethanol treatment of neuroblastoma cells increased phosphorylation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and TrkA, known substrates of RPTPβ/ζ. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with MY10 or MY33-3 also increased levels of phosphorylated ALK and TrkA. However, concomitant treatment of neuroblastoma cells with ethanol and MY10 or MY33-3 prevented the increase in pTrkA and pALK. These results demonstrate for the first time that ethanol engages TrkA signaling and that RPTPβ/ζ modulates signaling pathways activated by alcohol and behavioral responses to this drug. The data support the hypothesis that RPTPβ/ζ might be a novel target of pharmacotherapy for reducing excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Fernández-Calle
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miryam Pastor
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Di Geronimo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Zapico
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Coderch
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Zhang C, Han XR, Yang X, Jiang B, Liu J, Xiong Y, Jin J. Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK). Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:304-314. [PMID: 29627725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activation has been associated with many types of human cancer. Significant efforts have been devoted to the development of ALK inhibitors to antagonize the kinase activity of ALK. Four ALK inhibitors have been approved by the FDA to date for treating patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, drug resistance has been observed in the majority of patients treated with these inhibitors. New therapeutic strategies (e.g., compounds with novel mechanisms of action) are needed to overcome the drug resistance issue. The emerging PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) technology has been successfully applied to selective degradation of multiple protein targets, but not ALK. Since ALK protein levels are not important for viability in mammals, ALK PROTACs could lead to novel therapeutics with minimal toxicity. Here we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel PROTACs (degraders) of ALK. MS4077 (5) and MS4078 (6) potently decreased cellular levels of oncogenic active ALK fusion proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in SU-DHL-1 lymphoma and NCI-H2228 lung cancer cells. The ALK protein degradation induced by compounds 5 and 6 was cereblon and proteasome dependent. In addition, compounds 5 and 6 potently inhibited proliferation of SU-DHL-1 cells. Furthermore, compound 6 displayed good plasma exposure in a mouse pharmacokinetic study, thus is suitable for in vivo efficacy studies. We also developed MS4748 (7) and MS4740 (8), very close analogs of 5 and 6 respectively, which are incapable to degrade the ALK fusion proteins, as negative controls. Compounds 5-8 are valuable chemical tools for investigating effects of ALK pharmacological degradation. Our study paved the way for developing the next generation of ALK PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Zhang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029, United States
| | - Xiao-Ran Han
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029, United States.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States.
| | - Jian Jin
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY10029, United States.
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45
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Sharma GG, Mota I, Mologni L, Patrucco E, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Chiarle R. Tumor Resistance against ALK Targeted Therapy-Where It Comes From and Where It Goes. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E62. [PMID: 29495603 PMCID: PMC5876637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in several ALK-rearranged malignancies, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has generated considerable interest and effort in developing ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Crizotinib was the first ALK inhibitor to receive FDA approval for ALK-positive NSCLC patients treatment. However, the clinical benefit observed in targeting ALK in NSCLC is almost universally limited by the emergence of drug resistance with a median of occurrence of approximately 10 months after the initiation of therapy. Thus, to overcome crizotinib resistance, second/third-generation ALK inhibitors have been developed and received, or are close to receiving, FDA approval. However, even when treated with these new inhibitors tumors became resistant, both in vitro and in clinical settings. The elucidation of the diverse mechanisms through which resistance to ALK TKI emerges, has informed the design of novel therapeutic strategies to improve patients disease outcome. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge regarding ALK physiologic function/structure and neoplastic transforming role, as well as an update on ALK inhibitors and resistance mechanisms along with possible therapeutic strategies that may overcome the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Geeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
| | - Ines Mota
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy.
| | - Luca Mologni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
- Galkem Srl, Monza 20900, Italy.
| | - Enrico Patrucco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy.
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy.
- Galkem Srl, Monza 20900, Italy.
- Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy.
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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Golding B, Luu A, Jones R, Viloria-Petit AM. The function and therapeutic targeting of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mol Cancer 2018; 17:52. [PMID: 29455675 PMCID: PMC5817728 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in North America. A decade ago, genomic rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase were identified in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Soon after, crizotinib, a small molecule ATP-competitive ALK inhibitor was proven to be more effective than chemotherapy in ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Crizotinib and two other ATP-competitive ALK inhibitors, ceritinib and alectinib, are approved for use as a first-line therapy in these patients, where ALK rearrangement is currently diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The clinical success of these three ALK inhibitors has led to the development of next-generation ALK inhibitors with even greater potency and selectivity. However, patients inevitably develop resistance to ALK inhibitors leading to tumor relapse that commonly manifests in the form of brain metastasis. Several new approaches aim to overcome the various mechanisms of resistance that develop in ALK-positive NSCLC including the knowledge-based alternate and successive use of different ALK inhibitors, as well as combined therapies targeting ALK plus alternative signaling pathways. Key issues to resolve for the optimal implementation of established and emerging treatment modalities for ALK-rearranged NSCLC therapy include the high cost of the targeted inhibitors and the potential of exacerbated toxicities with combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Golding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anita Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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47
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Katayama R. Drug resistance in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:572-580. [PMID: 29336091 PMCID: PMC5834792 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and many kinds of ALK fusion genes have been found in a variety of carcinomas. There is almost no detectable expression of ALK in adults. However, through ALK gene rearrangement, the resultant ALK fusion protein is aberrantly overexpressed and dimerized through the oligomerization domains, such as the coiled‐coil domain, in the fusion partner that induces abnormal constitutive activation of ALK tyrosine kinase. This results in dysregulated cell proliferation. ALK gene rearrangement has been observed in 3%‐5% of non‐small‐cell lung cancers, and multiple ALK inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of ALK‐positive lung cancer. Among those inhibitors, in Japan, 3 (4 in the USA) ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been approved and are currently used in clinics. All of the currently approved ALK‐TKIs have been shown to induce marked tumor regression in ALK‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer; however, tumors inevitably relapse because of acquired resistance within a few years. This review focuses on ALK‐TKIs, their resistance mechanisms, and the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Janoueix-Lerosey I, Lopez-Delisle L, Delattre O, Rohrer H. The ALK receptor in sympathetic neuron development and neuroblastoma. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:325-337. [PMID: 29374774 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ALK gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor characterized by an expression pattern mainly restricted to the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. In 2008, the discovery of ALK activating mutations in neuroblastoma, a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, represented a breakthrough in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this pediatric cancer and established mutated ALK as a tractable therapeutic target for precision medicine. Subsequent studies addressed the identity of ALK ligands, as well as its physiological function in the sympathoadrenal lineage, its role in neuroblastoma development and the signaling pathways triggered by mutated ALK. This review focuses on these different aspects of the ALK biology and summarizes the various therapeutic strategies relying on ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma, either as monotherapies or combinatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France. .,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Developmental Genomics, EPFL SV ISREC UPDUB, SV 2843, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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49
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ALKALs are in vivo ligands for ALK family receptor tyrosine kinases in the neural crest and derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E630-E638. [PMID: 29317532 PMCID: PMC5789956 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719137115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor arising from the neural crest. Dysregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK has been linked to neuroblastoma, making it important to understand its function in native conditions. In zebrafish, a related receptor—Ltk—is also expressed in neural crest and regulates development of specific pigment cells—iridophores. Ligands activating human ALK were recently identified as the ALKAL proteins (FAM150, AUG) by biochemical means. Our data show that this ligand–receptor pair functions in vivo in the neural crest of zebrafish to drive development of iridophores. Removal of Ltk or all three zebrafish ALKALs results in larvae completely lacking these cells. Using Drosophila and human cell lines, we show evolutionary conservation of this important interaction. Mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are implicated in somatic and familial neuroblastoma, a pediatric tumor of neural crest-derived tissues. Recently, biochemical analyses have identified secreted small ALKAL proteins (FAM150, AUG) as potential ligands for human ALK and the related leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK). In the zebrafish Danio rerio, DrLtk, which is similar to human ALK in sequence and domain structure, controls the development of iridophores, neural crest-derived pigment cells. Hence, the zebrafish system allows studying Alk/Ltk and Alkals involvement in neural crest regulation in vivo. Using zebrafish pigment pattern formation, Drosophila eye patterning, and cell culture-based assays, we show that zebrafish Alkals potently activate zebrafish Ltk and human ALK driving downstream signaling events. Overexpression of the three DrAlkals cause ectopic iridophore development, whereas loss-of-function alleles lead to spatially distinct patterns of iridophore loss in zebrafish larvae and adults. alkal loss-of-function triple mutants completely lack iridophores and are larval lethal as is the case for ltk null mutants. Our results provide in vivo evidence of (i) activation of ALK/LTK family receptors by ALKALs and (ii) an involvement of these ligand–receptor complexes in neural crest development.
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50
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Wu W, Haderk F, Bivona TG. Non-Canonical Thinking for Targeting ALK-Fusion Onco-Proteins in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120164. [PMID: 29189709 PMCID: PMC5742812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements have been identified in lung cancer at 3–7% frequency, thus representing an important subset of genetic lesions that drive oncogenesis in this disease. Despite the availability of multiple FDA-approved small molecule inhibitors targeting ALK fusion proteins, drug resistance to ALK kinase inhibitors is a common problem in clinic. Thus, there is an unmet need to deepen the current understanding of genomic characteristics of ALK rearrangements and to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can overcome ALK inhibitor resistance. In this review, we present the genomic landscape of ALK fusions in the context of co-occurring mutations with other cancer-related genes, pointing to the central role of genetic epistasis (gene-gene interactions) in ALK-driven advanced-stage lung cancer. We discuss the possibility of targeting druggable domains within ALK fusion partners in addition to available strategies inhibiting the ALK kinase domain directly. Finally, we examine the potential of targeting ALK fusion-specific neoantigens in combination with other treatments, a strategy that could open a new avenue for the improved treatment of ALK positive lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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