1
|
Liu D, van der Zalm AP, Koster J, Bootsma S, Oyarce C, van Laarhoven HWM, Bijlsma MF. Predictive biomarkers for response to TGF- β inhibition in resensitizing chemo(radiated) esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107315. [PMID: 39059615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a driver of therapy resistance, particularly in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), where transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) can induce this process. Inhibitors of TGF-β may counteract the occurrence of mesenchymal, resistant tumor cell populations following chemo(radio)therapy and improve treatment outcomes in EAC. Here, we aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for the response to TGF-β targeting. In vitro approximations of neoadjuvant treatment were applied to publicly available primary EAC cell lines. TGF-β inhibitors fresolimumab and A83-01 were employed to inhibit EMT, and mesenchymal markers were quantified via flow cytometry to assess efficacy. Our results demonstrated a robust induction of mesenchymal cell states following chemoradiation, with TGF-β inhibition leading to variable reductions in mesenchymal markers. The cell lines were clustered into responders and non-responders. Genomic expression profiles were obtained through RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis identified 10 positively- and 23 negatively-associated hub genes, which were bioinformatically identified. Furthermore, the correlation of DEGs with response to TGF-β inhibition was examined using public pharmacogenomic databases, revealing 9 positively associated and 11 negatively associated DEGs. Among these, ERBB2, EFNB1, and TNS4 were the most promising candidates. Our findings reveal a distinct gene expression pattern associated with the response to TGF-β inhibition in chemo(radiated) EAC. The identified DEGs and predictive markers may assist patient selection in clinical studies investigating TGF-β targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dajia Liu
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber P van der Zalm
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cesar Oyarce
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Intoh A, Watanabe-Susaki K, Kato T, Kiritani H, Kurisaki A. EPHA2 is a novel cell surface marker of OCT4-positive undifferentiated cells during the differentiation of mouse and human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:763-775. [PMID: 38811016 PMCID: PMC11328934 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess the intrinsic ability to differentiate into diverse cellular lineages, marking them as potent instruments in regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, the proclivity of these stem cells to generate teratomas post-transplantation presents a formidable obstacle to their therapeutic utility. In previous studies, we identified an array of cell surface proteins specifically expressed in the pluripotent state, as revealed through proteomic analysis. Here we focused on EPHA2, a protein found to be abundantly present on the surface of undifferentiated mouse ESCs and is diminished upon differentiation. Knock-down of Epha2 led to the spontaneous differentiation of mouse ESCs, underscoring a pivotal role of EPHA2 in maintaining an undifferentiated cell state. Further investigations revealed a strong correlation between EPHA2 and OCT4 expression during the differentiation of both mouse and human PSCs. Notably, removing EPHA2+ cells from mouse ESC-derived hepatic lineage reduced tumor formation after transplanting them into immune-deficient mice. Similarly, in human iPSCs, a larger proportion of EPHA2+ cells correlated with higher OCT4 expression, reflecting the pattern observed in mouse ESCs. Conclusively, EPHA2 emerges as a potential marker for selecting undifferentiated stem cells, providing a valuable method to decrease tumorigenesis risks after stem-cell transplantation in regenerative treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Intoh
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hibiki Kiritani
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8560, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Fei H, Xiao Z, Lu X, Zhang H, Liu M. Comprehensive analysis of EphA2 in pan-cancer: A prognostic biomarker associated with cancer immunity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13902. [PMID: 38886133 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported a significant relationship between Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) and malignant progression in numerous cancers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on the prognostic value, mutation status, methylation landscape, and potential immunological function of EphA2. METHOD Using The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype Tissue Expression Database and GEO data, we analysed the differences in EphA2 expression between normal and tumour tissues and the effects of EphA2 on the prognosis of different tumours. Furthermore, using GSCALite, cBioPortal, TISDB, ULCLAN and TIMER 2.0 databases or platforms, we comprehensively analysed the potential oncogenic mechanisms or manifestations of EphA2 in 33 different tumour types, including tumour mutation status, DNA methylation status and immune cell infiltration. The correlation of EphA2 with immune checkpoints, tumour mutational burden, DNA microsatellite instability and DNA repair genes was also calculated. Finally, the effects of EphA2 inhibitors on the proliferation of human glioma and lung cancer cells were verified in cellular experiments. RESULTS EphA2 is differentially expressed in different tumours, and patients with overexpression have poorer overall survival. In addition, gene mutations, gene copy number variation and DNA/RNA methylation of EphA2 have been identified in various tumours. Moreover, EphA2 is positively associated with immune infiltration involving macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Further, EphA2 mRNA expression is significantly associated with immune checkpoint in various cancers, especially programmed death-ligand 1. Finally, the EphA2 inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 shows potent anti-tumour activity. CONCLUSION Our first pan-cancer study of EphA2 provides insight into the prognostic and immunological roles of EphA2 in different tumours, suggesting that EphA2 might be a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and immune infiltration in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Clinical Technology Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Fei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for inflammatory diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan W. Deciphering the code: Advancing therapies for endometriosis and cancer with DNA-encoded drug discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407555121. [PMID: 38781225 PMCID: PMC11161770 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407555121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Reproduction, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles, Torrance, CA90502
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo X, Yang Y, Tang J, Xiang J. Ephs in cancer progression: complexity and context-dependent nature in signaling, angiogenesis and immunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:299. [PMID: 38811954 PMCID: PMC11137953 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising 14 distinct members classified into two subgroups: EphAs and EphBs.. Despite their essential functions in normal physiological processes, accumulating evidence suggests that the involvement of the Eph family in cancer is characterized by a dual and often contradictory nature. Research indicates that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling influences cell-cell communication, subsequently regulating cell migration, adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. The contradictory functionalities may arise from the diversity of Eph signaling pathways and the heterogeneity of different cancer microenvironment. In this review, we aim to discuss the dual role of the Eph receptors in tumor development, attempting to elucidate the paradoxical functionality through an exploration of Eph receptor signaling pathways, angiogenesis, immune responses, and more. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development. Additionally, we will explore the evolving landscape of utilizing Eph receptors as potential targets for tumor therapy and diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dasari SK, Joseph R, Umamaheswaran S, Mangala LS, Bayraktar E, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Wu Y, Nguyen N, Powell RT, Sobieski M, Liu Y, Chowdhury MA, Amero P, Stephan C, Lopez-Berestein G, Westin SN, Sood AK. Combination of EphA2- and Wee1-Targeted Therapies in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3915. [PMID: 36835335 PMCID: PMC9962847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
EphA2 tyrosine kinase is upregulated in many cancers and correlated with poor survival of patients, including those with endometrial cancer. EphA2-targeted drugs have shown modest clinical benefit. To improve the therapeutic response to such drugs, we performed a high-throughput chemical screen to discover novel synergistic partners for EphA2-targeted therapeutics. Our screen identified the Wee1 kinase inhibitor, MK1775, as a synergistic partner to EphA2, and this finding was confirmed using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We hypothesized that Wee1 inhibition would sensitize cells to EphA2-targeted therapy. Combination treatment decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and reduced clonogenic potential in endometrial cancer cell lines. In vivo Hec1A and Ishikawa-Luc orthotopic mouse models of endometrial cancer showed greater anti-tumor responses to combination treatment than to either monotherapy. RNASeq analysis highlighted reduced cell proliferation and defective DNA damage response pathways as potential mediators of the combination's effects. In conclusion, our preclinical findings indicate that Wee1 inhibition can enhance the response to EphA2-targeted therapeutics in endometrial cancer; this strategy thus warrants further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500029, India
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sujanitha Umamaheswaran
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingegowda S. Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yutuan Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- High-Throughput Research and Screening Center, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reid T. Powell
- High-Throughput Research and Screening Center, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- High-Throughput Research and Screening Center, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mamur A. Chowdhury
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- High-Throughput Research and Screening Center, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon N. Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Diaz MJ, Fadil A, Tran JT, Batchu S, Root KT, Tran AX, Lucke-Wold B. Primary and Metastatic Cutaneous Melanomas Discriminately Enrich Several Ligand-Receptor Interactions. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010180. [PMID: 36676129 PMCID: PMC9865490 DOI: 10.3390/life13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous melanoma remains a leading cancer with sobering post-metastasis mortality rates. To date, the ligand-receptor interactome of melanomas remains weakly studied despite applicability to anti-cancer drug discovery. Here we leverage established crosstalk methodologies to characterize important ligand-receptor pairs in primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma. METHODS Bulk transcriptomic data, representing 470 cutaneous melanoma samples, was retrieved from the Broad Genome Data Analysis Center Firehose portal. Tumor and stroma compartments were computationally derived as a function of tumor purity estimates. Identification of preferential ligand-receptor interactions was achieved by relative crosstalk scoring of 1380 previously established pairs. RESULTS Metastatic cutaneous melanoma uniquely enriched PTH2-PTH1R for tumor-to-stroma signaling. The Human R-spondin ligand family was involved in 4 of the 15 top-scoring stroma-to-tumor interactions. Receptor ACVR2B was involved in 3 of the 15 top-scoring tumor-to-tumor interactions. CONCLUSIONS Numerous gene-level differences in ligand-receptor crosstalk between primary and metastatic cutaneous melanomas. Further investigation of notable pairings is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Diaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Fadil
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jasmine T. Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sai Batchu
- Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Kevin T. Root
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrew X. Tran
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chu LY, Huang BL, Huang XC, Peng YH, Xie JJ, Xu YW. EFNA1 in gastrointestinal cancer: Expression, regulation and clinical significance. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:973-988. [PMID: 35646281 PMCID: PMC9124989 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i5.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA1 gene. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases which play an indispensable role in normal growth and development or in the pathophysiology of various tumors. The role of EFNA1 in tumorigenesis and development is complex and depends on the cell type and microenvironment which in turn affect the expression of EFNA1. This article reviews the expression, prognostic value, regulation and clinical significance of EFNA1 in gastrointestinal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Chun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cha JH, Chan LC, Wang YN, Chu YY, Wang CH, Lee HH, Xia W, Shyu WC, Liu SP, Yao J, Chang CW, Cheng FR, Liu J, Lim SO, Hsu JL, Yang WH, Hortobagyi GN, Lin C, Yang L, Yu D, Jeng LB, Hung MC. Ephrin receptor A10 monoclonal antibodies and the derived chimeric antigen receptor T cells exert an antitumor response in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101817. [PMID: 35278434 PMCID: PMC8988001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin receptor A10 (EphA10), which is undetectable in most normal tissues except for the male testis, has been shown to correlate with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, EphA10 could be a potential therapeutic target, likely with minimal adverse effects. However, no effective clinical drugs against EphA10 are currently available. Here, we report high expression levels of EphA10 in tumor regions of breast, lung, and ovarian cancers as well as in immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we developed anti-EphA10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically recognize cell surface EphA10, but not other EphA family isoforms, and target tumor regions precisely in vivo with no apparent accumulation in other organs. In syngeneic TNBC mouse models, we found that anti-EphA10 mAb clone #4 enhanced tumor regression, therapeutic response rate, and T cell–mediated antitumor immunity. Notably, the chimeric antigen receptor T cells derived from clone #4 significantly inhibited TNBC cell viability in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that targeting EphA10 via EphA10 mAbs and EphA10-specific chimeric antigen receptor–T cell therapy may represent a promising strategy for patients with EphA10-positive tumors.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ephrin Receptors (Ephs) Expression in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Prognostic Implications and Future Therapeutic Approaches. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122265. [PMID: 34943502 PMCID: PMC8700455 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin receptors (Ephs) are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) implicated in tissue development and homeostasis, and they are aberrantly expressed in tumors. Here, immunohistochemical Eph type-A and -B expression in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) was assessed and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Tissue microarrays from 98 TETs were stained for EphA1, -A2, -A4 -A6, -B1, -B2, -B4 and -B6. The relationship between neoplastic and lymphoid cell immunoreactivity score (H-score), histopathological parameters (Pearson’s test) and survival of 35 patients (Mantel-Cox model) was explored. Epithelial-rich subtypes showed higher EphA6 cytoplasmic H-score (B2/B3, carcinoma) (p < 0.001) and stronger EphA4 H-score (B3, carcinoma) (p = 0.011). The immature T-cells, especially in subtypes AB/B1, had higher EphB6 H-score than carcinoma-associated mature lymphocytes (p < 0.001); carcinomas had higher lymphocytic EphB1 H-score (p = 0.026). Higher lymphocytic and lower epithelial EphB6 H-score correlated with Masaoka stage ≤II (p = 0.043, p = 0.010, respectively). All cases showed variable epithelial and lymphocytic EphA2 expression, but clinicopathological associations were not reached. Our study confirmed that Eph type-A and -B expression in TETs is associated with established prognostic parameters, i.e., tumor subtype and Masaoka stage, although correlation with patient survival was not reached. Such findings suggest involvement of these RTKs in thymic neoplasia, as well as their potential utility as treatment targets.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ebrahim AS, Hailat Z, Bandyopadhyay S, Neill D, Kandouz M. The Value of EphB2 Receptor and Cognate Ephrin Ligands in Prognostic and Predictive Assessments of Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158098. [PMID: 34360867 PMCID: PMC8348398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell communication proteins Eph and ephrin constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). They are distinguished by the fact that both receptors and ligands are membrane-bound, and both can drive intracellular signaling in their respective cells. Ever since these RTKs have been found to be involved in cancer development, strategies to target them therapeutically have been actively pursued. However, before this goal can be rationally achieved, the contributions of either Eph receptors or their ephrin ligands to cancer development and progression should be scrutinized in depth. To assess the clinical pertinence of this concern, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic/predictive value of EphB2 and its multiple cognate ephrin ligands in breast cancer. We found that EphB2 has prognostic value, as indicated by the association of higher EphB2 expression levels with lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and the association of lower EphB2 expression levels with poorer relapse-free survival (RFS). We also found that higher EphB2 expression could be a prognostic factor for distant metastasis, specifically in the luminal subtypes of breast cancer. EFNB2 showed a marked correlation between higher expression levels and shorter DMFS. EFNA5 or EFNB1 overexpression is correlated with longer RFS. Increased EFNB1 expression is correlated with longer OS in lymph node (LN)-negative patients and the luminal B subtype. Higher levels of EFNB2 or EFNA5 are significantly correlated with shorter RFS, regardless of LN status. However, while this correlation with shorter RFS is true for EFNB2 in all subtypes except basal, it is also true for EFNA5 in all subtypes except HER2+. The analysis also points to possible predictive value for EphB2. In systemically treated patients who have undergone either endocrine therapy or chemotherapy, we found that higher expression of EphB2 is correlated with better rates of RFS. Bearing in mind the limitations inherent to any mRNA-based profiling method, we complemented our analysis with an immunohistochemical assessment of expression levels of both the EphB2 receptor and cognate ephrin ligands. We found that the latter are significantly more expressed in cancers than in normal tissues, and even more so in invasive and metastatic samples than in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Finally, in an in vitro cellular model of breast cancer progression, based on H-Ras-transformation of the MCF10A benign mammary cell line, we observed dramatic increases in the mRNA expression of EphB2 receptor and EFNB1 and EFNB2 ligands in transformed and invasive cells in comparison with their benign counterparts. Taken together, these data show the clinical validity of a model whereby EphB2, along with its cognate ephrin ligands, have dual anti- and pro-tumor progression effects. In so doing, they reinforce the necessity of further biological investigations into Ephs and ephrins, prior to using them in targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Zeyad Hailat
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
| | - Daniel Neill
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.B.); (D.N.)
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdelgawad ME, Desterke C, Uzan G, Naserian S. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling and characterization of endothelial progenitor cells: new approach for finding novel markers. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:145. [PMID: 33627177 PMCID: PMC7905656 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are promising candidates for the cellular therapy of peripheral arterial and cardiovascular diseases. However, hitherto there is no specific marker(s) defining precisely EPCs. Herein, we are proposing a new in silico approach for finding novel EPC markers. Methods We assembled five groups of chosen EPC-related genes/factors using PubMed literature and Gene Ontology databases. This shortened database of EPC factors was fed into publically published transcriptome matrix to compare their expression between endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), HUVECs, and two adult endothelial cell types (ECs) from the skin and adipose tissue. Further, the database was used for functional enrichment on Mouse Phenotype database and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Moreover, we built a digital matrix of healthy donors’ PBMCs (33 thousand single-cell transcriptomes) and analyzed the expression of these EPC factors. Results Transcriptome analyses showed that BMP2, 4, and ephrinB2 were exclusively highly expressed in EPCs; the expression of neuropilin-1 and VEGF-C were significantly higher in EPCs and HUVECs compared with other ECs; Notch 1 was highly expressed in EPCs and skin-ECs; MIR21 was highly expressed in skin-ECs; PECAM-1 was significantly higher in EPCs and adipose ECs. Moreover, functional enrichment of EPC-related genes on Mouse Phenotype and STRING protein database has revealed significant relations between chosen EPC factors and endothelial and vascular functions, development, and morphogenesis, where ephrinB2, BMP2, and BMP4 were highly expressed in EPCs and were connected to abnormal vascular functions. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed that among the EPC-regulated markers in transcriptome analyses, (i) ICAM1 and Endoglin were weekly expressed in the monocyte compartment of the peripheral blood; (ii) CD163 and CD36 were highly expressed in the CD14+ monocyte compartment whereas CSF1R was highly expressed in the CD16+ monocyte compartment, (iii) L-selectin and IL6R were globally expressed in the lymphoid/myeloid compartments, and (iv) interestingly, PLAUR/UPAR and NOTCH2 were highly expressed in both CD14+ and CD16+ monocytic compartments. Conclusions The current study has identified novel EPC markers that could be used for better characterization of EPC subpopulation in adult peripheral blood and subsequent usage of EPCs for various cell therapy and regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Innovative Cellular Microenvironment Optimization Platform (ICMOP), Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Inserm UMR-S-MD A9, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France.,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Inserm UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France. .,CellMedEx, Saint Maur des Fossés, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nagare RP, Sneha S, Sidhanth C, Roopa S, Murhekar K, Shirley S, Swaminathan R, Sridevi V, Ganesan TS. Expression of cancer stem cell markers CD24, EPHA1 and CD9 and their correlation with clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian tumours. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:397-408. [PMID: 32224528 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been variability between laboratories in the identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We have evaluated three new surface markers for EOC to identify CSCs precisely. METHODS Three new putative CSCs specific surface markers CD9, CD24 and EPHA1 identified by a bioinformatics approach were evaluated in normal ovary, fallopian tube and ovarian tumours. RESULTS The expression of CD9 alone was observed in normal ovarian surface epithelium and fallopian tube whereas CD24 and EPHA1 were not expressed (n= 5). CD24 was expressed in all tumours (N= 101) while CD9 and EPHA1 were expressed in 89 and 71 tumours, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant correlation of the stage of the disease (p< 0.0001), type of surgery (p< 0.0001) and residual disease (p< 0.0001) with overall survival. Although expression of CD9, CD24 and EPHA1 was observed in the majority of tumours there was no significant correlation with outcome. In patients who underwent primary surgery, increased expression of CD24 significantly correlated with poor survival. The expression of CD24 was significantly reduced (p< 0.002) upon analysis of paired sections from patients prior to surgery and at interval debulking surgery (n= 16). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that overexpression of these new markers may be useful in identifying and targeting ovarian CSCs and CD24 may be a putative CSCs marker in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pravin Nagare
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Smarakan Sneha
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chirukandath Sidhanth
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Roopa
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Rajaraman Swaminathan
- Division of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Velusamy Sridevi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Trivadi Sundaram Ganesan
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao T, Xiao Y, Wang W, Tang YY, Xiao Z, Su M. Targeting EphA2 in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:114. [PMID: 32811512 PMCID: PMC7433191 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and the corresponding Eph receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands jointly constitute a critical cell signaling network that has multiple functions. The tyrosine kinase EphA2, which belongs to the family of Eph receptors, is highly produced in tumor tissues, while found at relatively low levels in most normal adult tissues, indicating its potential application in cancer treatment. After 30 years of investigation, a large amount of data regarding EphA2 functions have been compiled. Meanwhile, several compounds targeting EphA2 have been evaluated and tested in clinical studies, albeit with limited clinical success. The present review briefly describes the contribution of EphA2-ephrin A1 signaling axis to carcinogenesis. In addition, the roles of EphA2 in resistance to molecular-targeted agents were examined. In particular, we focused on EphA2's potential as a target for cancer treatment to provide insights into the application of EphA2 targeting in anticancer strategies. Overall, EphA2 represents a potential target for treating malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ta Xiao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yuhang Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yan Yan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Min Su
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zangouei AS, Barjasteh AH, Rahimi HR, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Role of tyrosine kinases in bladder cancer progression: an overview. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:127. [PMID: 32795296 PMCID: PMC7427778 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is a frequent urothelial malignancy with a high ratio of morbidity and mortality. Various genetic and environmental factors are involved in BCa progression. Since, majority of BCa cases are diagnosed after macroscopic clinical symptoms, it is required to find efficient markers for the early detection. Receptor tyrosine-kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine-kinases (nRTKs) have pivotal roles in various cellular processes such as growth, migration, differentiation, and metabolism through different signaling pathways. Tyrosine-kinase deregulations are observed during tumor progressions via mutations, amplification, and chromosomal abnormalities which introduces these factors as important candidates of anti-cancer therapies. Main body For the first time in present review we have summarized all of the reported tyrosine-kinases which have been significantly associated with the clinicopathological features of BCa patients. Conclusions This review highlights the importance of tyrosine-kinases as critical markers in early detection and therapeutic purposes among BCa patients and clarifies the molecular biology of tyrosine-kinases during BCa progression and metastasis. Video abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuo MT, Long Y, Tsai WB, Li YY, Chen HHW, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Collaboration Between RSK-EphA2 and Gas6-Axl RTK Signaling in Arginine Starvation Response That Confers Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:355-364. [PMID: 31887630 PMCID: PMC6938815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human malignancies require extracellular arginine (Arg) for survival because the key enzyme for de novo Arg biosynthesis, argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), is silenced. Recombinant arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which digests extracellular Arg, has been in clinical trials for treating ASS1-negative tumors. Reactivation of ASS1 is responsible for the treatment failure. We previously demonstrated that ASS1 reactivation is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc via the upstream Gas6-Axl tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal. Here, we report that another RTK EphA2 is coactivated via PI3K-ERK/RSK1 pathway in a ligand-independent mechanism. EphA2 is also regulated by c-Myc. Moreover, we found that knockdown Axl upregulates EphA2 expression, demonstrating cross-talk between these RTKs. ADIR cell lines exhibits enhanced sensitivities to nutrient deprivation such as charcoal-stripped FBS and multiple RTK inhibitor foretinib but resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Knockdown EphA2, and to lesser extent, Axl, overcomes EGFRi resistance. c-Myc inhibitor JQ1 can also sensitize ADIR cells to ADI-PEG20. This study elucidates molecular interactions of multiple RTKs in Arg-stress response and offers approaches for developing strategies of overcoming ADI-PEG20 resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 881] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Magic Z, Sandström J, Perez-Tenorio G. Ephrin‑B2 inhibits cell proliferation and motility in vitro and predicts longer metastasis‑free survival in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1275-1286. [PMID: 31638179 PMCID: PMC6831205 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 and its ligand ephrin‑B2 interact through cell‑to‑cell contacts. Upon interaction, EphB4 transmits bidirectional signals. A forward signal inside EphB4‑expressing cells is believed to suppress tumor growth, while inside the ephrin‑expressing cells, an oncogenic reverse signal arises. In breast cancer cells with a high EphB4 receptor expression the forward signal is low, in part due to the low expression of the ligand ephrin‑B2. Therefore, we hypothesized that by re‑introducing the ligand in EphB4‑positive cells, tumor suppression could be induced by the stimulation of the forward signal. This question was addressed in vitro by the stable lentiviral infection of breast cancer cells with either wild‑type EFNB2 or with a mutant EFNB2‑5F, unable to transmit reverse signaling. Furthermore, we investigated ephrin‑B and EphB4 protein expression in 216 paraffin‑embedded tumors using immunohistochemistry. The in vitro results indicated that ephrin‑B2 expression was associated with a lower cell proliferation, migration and motility compared with the control cells. These effects were more pronounced when the cells lacked the ability to transmit the reverse signal (B2‑5F). In clinical material, ephrin‑B protein expression was associated with a positive estrogen receptor (ER) status, a low HER‑2 expression and was negatively associated with Nottingham histologic grade (NHG) III. Ephrin‑B expression indicated a good prognosis, whereas EphB4 expression was associated with a shorter metastasis‑free survival in univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the prognostic value of EFNB2 and EPHB4 was confirmed at the gene expression level in public datasets. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study suggest that ephrin‑B2 expression is associated with less proliferation and lower motility of breast cancer cells and with a longer patient survival in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeljana Magic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josefine Sandström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Perez-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duan X, Xu X, Yin B, Hong B, Liu W, Liu Q, Tao Z. The prognosis value of EphA3 and the androgen receptor in prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22871. [PMID: 30958616 PMCID: PMC6595293 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to preliminarily assess the relationship between erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A3 (EphA3) and androgen receptor (AR) protein expression levels and prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) to better understand the role of EphA3 in the prognosis and progression of PCa. Materials We investigated the expression of EphA3 and AR in human PCa by immunohistochemistry. Results EphA3 and AR were both significantly upregulated in PCa, with expression mainly localized to the nucleus. A high level of AR expression was found in 48.4% of 64 tumor samples, which was significantly more than in the adjacent tissue samples (15.6%) (P < 0.01). The percentage of samples expressing a high level of EphA3 was significantly greater in the PCa samples (54.7%) than in the adjacent tissue samples (20.3%) for the 64 tumors (P < 0.01). The high levels of EphA3 and AR expression in the PCa tissue samples were both correlated with the pathological stage, bladder and rectal invasion, distant metastasis, and preoperative PSA level (both P < 0.05). The survival time was significantly shorter in high levels of AR expression of patients. (P < 0.01). A high level of EphA3 in PCa patients suggests a poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Biochemical recurrence, distant metastasis, and the final scores of EphA3 and AR expression were significantly correlated with the prognosis of PCa (P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased EphA3 expression is an independent prognostic factor for a poor outcome and decreased survival in PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bong Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- International Medical Center Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen X, Lu B, Ma Q, Ji CD, Li JZ. EphA3 inhibits migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells by activating the mesenchymal‑epithelial transition process. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:722-732. [PMID: 30483759 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are critical for cell‑cell communication during normal and oncogenic development. Eph receptor A3 (EphA3) expression is associated with tumor promotion in certain types of cancer; however, it acts as a tumor suppressor in others. The expression levels of EphA3 and its effects on tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and a Transwell invasion assay. The present study demonstrated that EphA3 expression was decreased in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‑aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine increased the mRNA expression levels of EphA3 in the ESCC cell lines KYSE510 and KYSE30. In addition, overexpression of EphA3 in KYSE450 and KYSE510 cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. EphA3 overexpression also decreased RhoA GTPase. Furthermore, EphA3 overexpression induced mesenchymal‑epithelial transition, as demonstrated by epithelial‑like morphological alterations, increased expression of epithelial proteins (E‑cadherin and the tight junction protein 1 zonula occludens‑1) and decreased expression of mesenchymal proteins (Vimentin, N‑cadherin and Snail). Conversely, silencing EphA3 in KYSE410 cells triggered epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, and promoted cell migration and invasion. These results suggested that EphA3 may serve a tumor‑suppressor role in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- International Joint Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Dong Ji
- Department of Scientific Research Management, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DuSablon A, Parks J, Whitehurst K, Estes H, Chase R, Vlahos E, Sharma U, Wert D, Virag J. EphrinA1-Fc attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189307. [PMID: 29236774 PMCID: PMC5728502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EphrinA1, a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase ligand expressed in healthy cardiomyocytes, is lost in injured cells following myocardial infarction. Previously, we have reported that a single intramyocardial injection of chimeric ephrinA1-Fc at the time of ischemia reduced injury in the nonreperfused myocardium by 50% at 4 days post-MI by reducing apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. In a clinically relevant model of acute ischemia (30min)/reperfusion (24hr or 4 days) injury, we now demonstrate that ephrinA1-Fc reduces infarct size by 46% and completely preserves cardiac function (ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and chamber dimensions) in the short-term (24hrs post-MI) as well as long-term (4 days). At 24 hours post-MI, diminished serum inflammatory cell chemoattractants in ephrinA1-Fc-treated mice reduces recruitment of neutrophils and leukocytes into the myocardium. Differences in relative expression levels of EphA-Rs are described in the context of their putative role in mediating cardioprotection. Validation by Western blotting of selected targets from mass spectrometry analyses of pooled samples of left ventricular tissue homogenates from mice that underwent 30min ischemia and 24hr of reperfusion (I/R) indicates that ephrinA1-Fc administration alters several regulators of signaling pathways that attenuate apoptosis, promote autophagy, and shift from FA metabolism in favor of increased glycolysis to optimize anaerobic ATP production. Taken together, reduced injury is due a combination of adaptive metabolic reprogramming, improved cell survival, and decreased inflammatory cell recruitment, suggesting that ephrinA1-Fc enhances the capacity of the heart to withstand an ischemic insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin DuSablon
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Justin Parks
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - K’Shylah Whitehurst
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Estes
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Chase
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eleftherios Vlahos
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Wert
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jitka Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Daoud A, Gopal U, Kaur J, Isaacs JS. Molecular and functional crosstalk between extracellular Hsp90 and ephrin A1 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106807-106819. [PMID: 29290990 PMCID: PMC5739775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family member EphA2 plays a pivotal role in modulating cytoskeletal dynamics to control cancer cell motility and invasion. EphA2 is frequently upregulated in diverse solid tumors and has emerged as a viable druggable target. We previously reported that extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90), a known pro-motility and invasive factor, collaborates with EphA2 to regulate tumor invasion in the absence of its cognate ephrin ligand. Here, we aimed to further define the molecular and functional relationship between EphA2 and eHsp90. Ligand dependent ephrin A1 signaling promotes RhoA activation and altered cell morphology to favor transient cell rounding, retraction, and diminished adhesion. Exposure of EphA2-expressing cancer cells to ligand herein revealed a unique role for eHsp90 as an effector of cytoskeletal remodeling. Notably, blockade of eHsp90 via either neutralizing antibodies or administration of cell-impermeable Hsp90-targeted small molecules significantly attenuated ligand dependent cell rounding in diverse tumor types. Although eHsp90 blockade did not appear to influence receptor internalization, downstream signaling events were augmented. In particular, eHsp90 activated a Src-RhoA axis to enhance ligand dependent cell rounding, retraction, and ECM detachment. Moreover, eHsp90 signaling via this axis stimulated activation of the myosin pathway, culminating in formation of an EphA2-myosin complex. Inhibition of either eHsp90 or Src was sufficient to impair ephrin A1 mediated Rho activation, activation of myosin intermediates, and EphA2-myosin complex formation. Collectively, our data support a paradigm whereby eHsp90 and EphA2 exhibit molecular crosstalk and functional cooperation within a ligand dependent context to orchestrate cytoskeletal events controlling cell morphology and attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Daoud
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29412, Charleston, USA
| | - Udhayakumar Gopal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29412, Charleston, USA.,Current address: Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, NC, 27708, Durham, USA
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29412, Charleston, USA
| | - Jennifer S Isaacs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29412, Charleston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ciemny MP, Kurcinski M, Blaszczyk M, Kolinski A, Kmiecik S. Modeling EphB4-EphrinB2 protein-protein interaction using flexible docking of a short linear motif. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:71. [PMID: 28830442 PMCID: PMC5568603 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many protein–protein interactions are mediated by a short linear motif. Usually, amino acid sequences of those motifs are known or can be predicted. It is much harder to experimentally characterize or predict their structure in the bound form. In this work, we test a possibility of using flexible docking of a short linear motif to predict the interaction interface of the EphB4-EphrinB2 complex (a system extensively studied for its significance in tumor progression). Methods In the modeling, we only use knowledge about the motif sequence and experimental structures of EphB4-EphrinB2 complex partners. The proposed protocol enables efficient modeling of significant conformational changes in the short linear motif fragment during molecular docking simulation. For the docking simulations, we use the CABS-dock method for docking fully flexible peptides to flexible protein receptors (available as a server at http://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/CABSdock/). Based on the docking result, the protein–protein complex is reconstructed and refined. Results Using this novel protocol, we obtained an accurate EphB4-EphrinB2 interaction model. Conclusions The results show that the CABS-dock method may be useful as the primary docking tool in specific protein–protein docking cases similar to EphB4-EphrinB2 complex—that is, where a short linear motif fragment can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pawel Ciemny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurcinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Blaszczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kolinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wagner MJ, Mitra R, McArthur MJ, Baze W, Barnhart K, Wu SY, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Zhang X, Coleman RL, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. Preclinical Mammalian Safety Studies of EPHARNA (DOPC Nanoliposomal EphA2-Targeted siRNA). Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1114-1123. [PMID: 28265009 PMCID: PMC5457703 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To address the need for efficient and biocompatible delivery systems for systemic siRNA delivery, we developed 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) nanoliposomal EphA2-targeted therapeutic (EPHARNA). Here, we performed safety studies of EPHARNA in murine and primate models. Single dosing of EPHARNA was tested at 5 concentrations in mice (N = 15 per group) and groups were sacrificed on days 1, 14, and 28 for evaluation of clinical pathology and organ toxicity. Multiple dosing of EPHARNA was tested in mice and Rhesus macaques twice weekly at two dose levels in each model. Possible effects on hematologic parameters, serum chemistry, coagulation, and organ toxicity were assessed. Following single-dose EPHARNA administration to mice, no gross pathologic or dose-related microscopic findings were observed in either the acute (24 hours) or recovery (14 and 28 days) phases. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for EPHARNA is considered >225 μg/kg when administered as a single injection intravenously in CD-1 mice. With twice weekly injection, EPHARNA appeared to stimulate a mild to moderate inflammatory response in a dose-related fashion. There appeared to be a mild hemolytic reaction in the female mice. In Rhesus macaques, minimal to moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells was found in some organs including the gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidney. No differences attributed to EPHARNA were observed. These results demonstrate that EPHARNA is well tolerated at all doses tested. These data, combined with previously published in vivo validation studies, have led to an ongoing first-in-human phase I clinical trial (NCT01591356). Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1114-23. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rahul Mitra
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J McArthur
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wallace Baze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kirstin Barnhart
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao C, Wang A, Lu F, Chen H, Fu P, Zhao X, Chen H. Overexpression of junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 predicts poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691000. [PMID: 28231727 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules are important components of tight junctions, and Eph/ephrin proteins constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Both junctional adhesion molecules and Eph/ephrin are involved in normal tissue development and cancer progression. However, the expression levels and clinical significances of junctional adhesion molecule-A, a member of junctional adhesion molecules, and EphB2, a member of Eph/ephrin family, in lung adenocarcinoma patients are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the expression and prognostic values of junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 in lung adenocarcinoma patients' cohort. In our study, 70 (55.6%) showed high expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A protein and 51 (40.5%) showed high expression of EphB2 protein in 126 lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 expressions were both significantly increased in tumor tissues compared with noncancerous lung tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test indicated that low expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 proteins can predict better survival and low mortality rate of lung adenocarcinomas. In univariate analysis, high expression levels of junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 were both found to be significantly correlated with poor overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients (hazard ratio = 1.791, 95% confidence interval = 1.041-3.084, p = 0.035; hazard ratio = 1.762, 95% confidence interval = 1.038-2.992, p = 0.036, respectively). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that EphB2 expression is an independent prognosis parameter in lung adenocarcinoma patients (hazard ratio = 1.738, 95% confidence interval = 1.023-2.952, p = 0.016). Taken together, high expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A and EphB2 can predict poor overall survival and high mortality rate, and EphB2 is an independent prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,2 Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Aili Wang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Funian Lu
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pin Fu
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianda Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Chen
- 1 Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Inhibition of radiation-induced glioblastoma invasion by genetic and pharmacological targeting of MDA-9/Syntenin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 114:370-375. [PMID: 28011764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an intractable tumor despite therapeutic advances, principally because of its invasive properties. Radiation is a staple in therapeutic regimens, although cells surviving radiation can become more aggressive and invasive. Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation-associated gene 9 [MDA-9/Syntenin; syndecan-binding protein (SDCBP)] as a differentially regulated gene associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes in melanoma. MDA-9/Syntenin, a highly conserved double-PDZ domain-containing scaffolding protein, is robustly expressed in human-derived GBM cell lines and patient samples, with expression increasing with tumor grade and correlating with shorter survival times and poorer response to radiotherapy. Knockdown of MDA-9/Syntenin sensitizes GBM cells to radiation, reducing postradiation invasion gains. Radiation induces Src and EGFRvIII signaling, which is abrogated through MDA-9/Syntenin down-regulation. A specific inhibitor of MDA-9/Syntenin activity, PDZ1i (113B7), identified through NMR-guided fragment-based drug design, inhibited MDA-9/Syntenin binding to EGFRvIII, which increased following radiation. Both genetic (shmda-9) and pharmacological (PDZ1i) targeting of MDA-9/Syntenin reduced invasion gains in GBM cells following radiation. Although not affecting normal astrocyte survival when combined with radiation, PDZ1i radiosensitized GBM cells. PDZ1i inhibited crucial GBM signaling involving FAK and mutant EGFR, EGFRvIII, and abrogated gains in secreted proteases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, following radiation. In an in vivo glioma model, PDZ1i resulted in smaller, less invasive tumors and enhanced survival. When combined with radiation, survival gains exceeded radiotherapy alone. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) provides a direct target for therapy of aggressive cancers such as GBM, and defined small-molecule inhibitors such as PDZ1i hold promise to advance targeted brain cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Oweida A, Bhatia S, Hirsch K, Calame D, Griego A, Keysar S, Pitts T, Sharma J, Eckhardt G, Jimeno A, Wang XJ, Parkash G, Califano J, Karam SD. Ephrin-B2 overexpression predicts for poor prognosis and response to therapy in solid tumors. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1189-1196. [PMID: 27649287 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin B2 is variably expressed on tumor cells and its blockade has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in animal models of pancreatic, colorectal, lung and head, and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, the implications of ephrinB2 expression in cancer patients have remained elusive. In this study, we analyzed the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) for ephrinB2 expression. We report significant correlations between EFNB2 expression, overall survival and disease-free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC, n = 519), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 186), and bladder urothelial carcinoma (n = 410). In HNSCC patients, high-EFNB2 mRNA expression was associated with tumor HPV negativity, oral cavity location, alcohol intake, higher TP53 mutation, and EGFR amplification. EphrinB2 overexpression also correlated with worse response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The therapeutic potential of blocking ephrinB2 was validated in HNSCC patient-derived tumor xenografts and showed significant improvement in survival and tumor growth delay. Our data shows that ephrinB2 overexpression can serve as a critical biomarker for patient prognosis and response to therapy. These results should guide design of future clinical trials exploring EphrinB2 inhibition in cancer patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kellen Hirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Dylan Calame
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anastacia Griego
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steve Keysar
- Department of Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Todd Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jaspreet Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xiao Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gill Parkash
- Vasgene Therapeutics, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Southern California
| | - Joseph Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, San Diego, Southern California
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Meucci S, Keilholz U, Tinhofer I, Ebner OA. Mutational load and mutational patterns in relation to age in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69188-69199. [PMID: 27596625 PMCID: PMC5342469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a cancer with well-defined tumor causes such as HPV infection, smoking and drinking. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort we systematically studied the mutational load as well as patterns related to patient age in HNSCC. To obtain a homogenous set we excluded all patients with HPV infection as well as wild type TP53. We found that the overall mutational load is higher in patients of old age. Through unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we detected distinct mutational clusters in very young as well as very old patients. In the group of old patients, we identified four enriched pathways ("Axon Guidance", "ECM-Receptor Interaction", "Focal Adhesion" and "Notch Signaling") that are only sporadically mutated in the other age groups. Our findings indicate that the four pathways regulate cell motility, tumor invasion and angiogenesis supposedly leading to less aggressive tumors in older age patients. Importantly, we did not see a strict pattern of genes always mutated in older age but rather an accumulation of mutations in the same pathways. Our study provides indications of age-dependent differences in mutational backgrounds of tumors that might be relevant for treatment approaches of HNSCCs patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Meucci
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Tinhofer
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Translational Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliva A. Ebner
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chhokar V, Tucker AL. Angiogenesis: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108925320300700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of an adequate vascular supply is critical for the viability of normal and neoplastic tissues. Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from preexisting capillary networks, plays an important role in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes, including reproduction, wound repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis involves sequential steps that are triggered in response to angiogenic growth factors released by inflammatory, mesenchymal, or tumor cells that act as ligands for endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases. Stimulated endothelial cells detach from neighboring cells and migrate, proliferate, and form tubes. The immature tubes are subsequently invested and stabilized by pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Angiogenesis depends upon complex interactions among various classes of molecules, including adhesion molecules, proteases, structural proteins, cell surface receptors, and growth factors. The therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis targeted against ischemic and neoplastic diseases has been investigated in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials. Proangiogenic trials that have stimulated vessel growth in ischemic coronary or peripheral tissues through expression, delivery, or stimulated release of growth factors have shown efficacy in animal models and mixed results in human clinical trials. Antiangiogenic trials have used strategies to block the function of molecules critical for new vessel growth or maturation in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, mostly with results less encouraging than those seen in preclinical models. Pro-and antiangiogenic clinical trials demonstrate that strategies for optimal drug delivery, dosing schedules, patient selection, and endpoint measurements need further investigation and refinement before the therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis will realize its full clinical potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Chhokar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem VA Health System, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Amy L. Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division; Cardiovascular Research Center; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Syed YA, Zhao C, Mahad D, Möbius W, Altmann F, Foss F, González GA, Sentürk A, Acker-Palmer A, Lubec G, Lilley K, Franklin RJM, Nave KA, Kotter MRN. Antibody-mediated neutralization of myelin-associated EphrinB3 accelerates CNS remyelination. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:281-298. [PMID: 26687980 PMCID: PMC4713754 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions often remains incomplete despite the presence of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Amongst other factors, successful remyelination depends on the phagocytic clearance of myelin debris. However, the proteins in myelin debris that act as potent and selective inhibitors on OPC differentiation and inhibit CNS remyelination remain unknown. Here, we identify the transmembrane signalling protein EphrinB3 as important mediator of this inhibition, using a protein analytical approach in combination with a primary rodent OPC assay. In the presence of EphrinB3, OPCs fail to differentiate. In a rat model of remyelination, infusion of EphrinB3 inhibits remyelination. In contrast, masking EphrinB3 epitopes using antibodies promotes remyelination. Finally, we identify EphrinB3 in MS lesions and demonstrate that MS lesion extracts inhibit OPC differentiation while antibody-mediated masking of EphrinB3 epitopes promotes it. Our findings suggest that EphrinB3 could be a target for therapies aiming at promoting remyelination in demyelinating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir A Syed
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Don Mahad
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Foss
- Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Aycan Sentürk
- Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathryn Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Klaus-A Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark R N Kotter
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Universitätsklinik für Neurochirurgie, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Taki S, Kamada H, Inoue M, Nagano K, Mukai Y, Higashisaka K, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y, Tsunoda SI. A Novel Bispecific Antibody against Human CD3 and Ephrin Receptor A10 for Breast Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144712. [PMID: 26678395 PMCID: PMC4682974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin receptor A10 (EphA10), a transmembrane receptor that binds to ephrin, is a newly identified breast cancer marker protein that has also been detected in HER2-negative tissue. In this study, we report creation of a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) binding both EphA10 and CD3, thereby forming a bridge between antigens expressed on both tumor and immune cells and promoting recognition of tumor cells by immune cells and redirection of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). This BsAb (EphA10/CD3) was expressed in supernatants of BsAb gene-transfected cells as monomeric and dimeric molecules. Redirected T-cell lysis was observed when monomeric and dimeric BsAb were added to EphA10-overexpressing tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, dimeric BsAb (EphA10/CD3) was more cytotoxic than monomeric BsAb, with efficient tumor cell lysis elicited by lower concentrations (≤10−1 μg/mL) and a lower effector to target (E/T) cell ratio (E/T = 2.5). Dimeric BsAb (EphA10/CD3) also showed significant anti-tumor effects in human xenograft mouse models. Together, these results revealed opportunities to redirect the activity of CTL towards tumor cells that express EphA10 using the BsAb (EphA10/CD3), which could be tested in future clinical trials as a novel and potent therapeutic for breast cancer tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Taki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Mukai
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 1–6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodrigo Albors A, Tazaki A, Rost F, Nowoshilow S, Chara O, Tanaka EM. Planar cell polarity-mediated induction of neural stem cell expansion during axolotl spinal cord regeneration. eLife 2015; 4:e10230. [PMID: 26568310 PMCID: PMC4755742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axolotls are uniquely able to mobilize neural stem cells to regenerate all missing regions of the spinal cord. How a neural stem cell under homeostasis converts after injury to a highly regenerative cell remains unknown. Here, we show that during regeneration, axolotl neural stem cells repress neurogenic genes and reactivate a transcriptional program similar to embryonic neuroepithelial cells. This dedifferentiation includes the acquisition of rapid cell cycles, the switch from neurogenic to proliferative divisions, and the re-expression of planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway components. We show that PCP induction is essential to reorient mitotic spindles along the anterior-posterior axis of elongation, and orthogonal to the cell apical-basal axis. Disruption of this property results in premature neurogenesis and halts regeneration. Our findings reveal a key role for PCP in coordinating the morphogenesis of spinal cord outgrowth with the switch from a homeostatic to a regenerative stem cell that restores missing tissue. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10230.001 Stem cells found in adult tissues are vitally important for tissue repair and maintenance. These cells divide in two main ways: equally to create two new stem cells, or unequally to create a stem cell and a cell that can develop into one of the cell types in the tissue. A key challenge for biologists is to understand how these tissue-resident stem cells are activated and organized to regenerate injured or missing tissue. Throughout the life of the axolotl salamander, neural stem cells in the spinal cord occasionally divide to add new nerve cells to the healthy spinal cord. However, the axolotl can also regenerate part of its spinal cord, for example if its tail is lost. Under these conditions, the neural stem cells can convert into a highly regenerative stem cell that can produce all the different cell types needed to regrow the spinal cord. As a stem cell becomes a new cell type, it activates different sets of genes. Therefore, Rodrigo Albors, Tazaki et al. measured gene activity in the neural stem cells involved in axolotl spinal cord regeneration to uncover how these cells develop into a more regenerative form. This revealed that when an axolotl tail is amputated, resident stem cells turn off the genes that are specifically active in neuron-generating cells. In addition, they activate a similar set of genes to that seen in the embryonic cells that form the developing nervous system. These genes speed up cell division and activate an important signaling pathway. This pathway – the Wnt/PCP pathway – fulfils various developmental roles, one being to orient cell divisions, particularly in elongating tissues. In axolotls, this pathway causes the stem cells to divide equally to increase the number of available stem cells, and orients the direction of these divisions to ensure that the regenerating spinal cord elongates correctly. If this pathway is disrupted, the cells return to dividing unequally, generating nerve cells prematurely and halting the growth of the spinal cord. Such insights could help develop methods of repairing damaged nervous tissue in other animals that cannot regenerate to the extent that axolotls can. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10230.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rodrigo Albors
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergej Nowoshilow
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Chara
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physics of Liquids and Biological Systems, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yuan B, Yu WY, Dai LS, Gao Y, Ding Y, Yu XF, Chen J, Zhang JB. Expression of microRNA‑26b and identification of its target gene EphA2 in pituitary tissues in Yanbian cattle. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5753-61. [PMID: 26252447 PMCID: PMC4581756 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of 19–24 nucleotides (nt) in length. They are widely expressed in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. Via specific mRNA complementary pairing of target genes, miRNAs are able to regulate the expression of mRNA levels or inhibit protein translation following transcription. miRNA expression has a time- and space specificity, and it is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, development, tumor metastasis occurrence and other biological processes. miR-26b is an miRNA of 22 nt and is important in the regulation of cellular processes. With the advancement of molecular biology techniques in recent years, there have been extensive investigations into miR-26b. Numerous studies have observed that miR-26b is involved in early embryonic development, cell proliferation regulation, pituitary hormone secretion and other physiological activities. miRNAs are associated with the function of propagation. The present study used reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the relative expression levels of miR-26b in the pituitary tissue of Yanbian cattle at different developmental stages. The 2−ΔΔCt method was used to calculate the relative gene expression levels. The miRNA target gene database TargetScan and RNA22 were used for prediction of the miR-26b target gene and selective recognition was also performed. The results demonstrated that miR-26b is expressed in the pituitary tissues of Yanbian cattle at 6 and 24 months of age. The relative expression levels of miR-26b in the pituitary tissues of 24-month-old Yanbian cattle were 2.41 times that of those in the six-month-old Yanbian cattle, demonstrating significant differences in the relative expression (P<0.01). The relative expression of the candidate target genes, EphA2 and miR-26b, exhibited the opposite expression pattern. The relative expression levels in the pituitary tissues of six-month-old Yanbian cattle were 3.34 times that of those in 24-month-old Yanbian cattle (P<0.01). There are miR-26b binding sites in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of EphA2 in bovine, human, murine and other mammalian mRNAs, suggesting that the EphA2 gene may be a target gene of miR-26b. The results of a Luciferase reporter system assay revealed that miR-26b is able to suppress EphA2 expression at the transcription level. Following the site-directed mutagenesis of plasmid EphA2 3′-UTR pmirGLO-MUT- and miR-26b mimic-transfected HeLa cells, the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that there were three consecutive nucleotide mutations in the 3′-UTR, binding with the predicted seed region. This may have caused the miR-26b inhibition of luciferase activity to decrease from 60% in the wild-type to 26%, suggesting that miR-26b achieved its function via binding with the TACTTGAA sequence of the 3′-UTR in EphA2. In conclusion, the present study successfully assessed the expression pattern of miR-26b in the pituitary tissue of Yanbian cattle, and also confirmed that EphA2 was a target gene of miR-26b in Yanbian cattle in vitro. The present study provided the theoretical basis to further investigate the role of miR-26b in early embryonic development, pituitary hormone secretion and other reproductive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Yang Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Li-Sheng Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Feng Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Foubert P, Squiban C, Holler V, Buard V, Dean C, Levy BI, Benderitter M, Silvestre JS, Tobelem G, Tamarat R. Strategies to Enhance the Efficiency of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy by Ephrin B2 Pretreatment and Coadministration with Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells on Vascular Function during the Wound-Healing Process in Irradiated or Nonirradiated Condition. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1343-61. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x672064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has beneficial effects for therapeutic neovascularization. We therefore assessed the effect of a therapeutic strategy based on EPC administation in the healing of radiation-induced damage. To improve cell therapy for clinical use, we used pretreatment with ephrin B2-Fc (Eph-B2-Fc) and/or coadministration with smooth muscle progenitor cells. At day 3, EPCs promoted dermal wound healing in both nonirradiated and irradiated mice by 1.2- and 1.15-fold, respectively, compared with animals injected with phosphate-buffered saline. In addition, EPCs also improved skin-blood perfusion and capillary density in both irradiated and nonirradiated mice compared with PBS-injected animals. We also demonstrated that activation with Eph-B2-Fc increased wound closure by 1.6-fold compared with unstimulated EPCs in nonirradiated mice. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of Eph-B2-Fc was abolished in irradiated animals. In addition, we found that Eph-B2-Fc stimulation did not improve EPC-induced vascular permeability or adhesiveness compared to unstimulated EPCs. We hypothesized that this effect was due to high oxidative stress during irradiation, leading to inhibition of EPCs' beneficial effect on vascular function. In this line, we demonstated that, in irradiated conditions, N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment restored the beneficial effect of EPC stimulation with Eph-B2-Fc in the wound healing process. In conclusion, stimulation by Eph-B2-Fc improved the beneficial effect of EPCs in physiological conditions and irradiated conditions only in association with antioxidant treatment. Additionally, cotherapy was beneficial in pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Squiban
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LRTE, France FAR, France
| | - Valérie Holler
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LRTE, France FAR, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LRTE, France FAR, France
| | - Carole Dean
- IVS Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Benderitter
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LRTE, France FAR, France
| | | | | | - Radia Tamarat
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), DRPH/SRBE/LRTE, France FAR, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kikuchi S, Kaibe N, Morimoto K, Fukui H, Niwa H, Maeyama Y, Takemura M, Matsumoto M, Nakamori S, Miwa H, Hirota S, Sasako M. Overexpression of Ephrin A2 receptors in cancer stromal cells is a prognostic factor for the relapse of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:485-94. [PMID: 24908114 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microenvironments control cancer growth and progression. We explored the prognostic impact of stromal reaction and cancer stromal cells on relapse risk and survival after curative gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 107 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative (R0) gastrectomy. Primary stromal cells isolated from gastric cancer tissue (GCSC) and normal gastric tissue (Gastric stromal cell: GSC) in each patient were cultured and subjected to comprehensive proteome (LC-MS/MS) and real-time RT-PCR analysis. Expression of Ephrin A2 receptors (EphA2) in cancers and GCSC was evaluated immunohistochemically. Intermingling of EphA2-positive cancer cells and GCSC (IC/A2+) and overexpression of EphA2 in cancer cells (Ca/A2+) in invasive parts of tumors were assessed, as were relationships of IC/A2+, Ca/A2+, and clinicopathological factors with relapse-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS Proteome analysis showed that EphA2 expression was significantly higher in GCSC than GSC. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of EphA1/A2/A3/A5 and EphB2/B4 were ≥2.0-fold higher in GCSC than GSC. Ca/A2 and IC/A2 were positive in 65 (60.7 %) and 26 (24.3 %) patients, respectively. Relapse was significantly more frequent in IC/A2-positive than in IC/A2-negative (HR, 2.12; 95 % CI, 1.16-5.41; p = 0.0207) patients. Among the 54 patients who received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy, relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly shorter in those who were IC/A2-positive than in those who were IC/A2-negative and Ca/A2-negative (HR, 2.83; 95 % CI, 1.12-12.12; p = 0.0339). Multivariable analysis indicated that pathological stage (p = 0.010) and IC/A2+ (p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION IC/A2+ was predictive of relapse after curative (R0) gastrectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shojiro Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wei Q, Liu J, Wang N, Zhang X, Jin J, Chin-Sang I, Zheng J, Jia Z. Structures of an Eph receptor tyrosine kinase and its potential activation mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3135-43. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714021944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ephrin ligands play a crucial role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes, including tumourigenesis. A previous study of Eph RTKs established a regulatory role for the juxtamembrane segment (JMS) in kinase activation through the phosphorylation of two tyrosines within the JMS. Here, structures of EphA2 representing various activation states are presented. By determining the unphosphorylated inactive and phosphorylated active structures as well as an alternative conformation, conformational changes during kinase activation have been revealed. It is shown that phosphorylation of a tyrosine residue (Tyr772) in the activation loop without direct involvement of the JMS is sufficient to activate the EphA2 kinase. This mechanistic finding is in contrast to the mechanism of other Eph RTKs, such as EphB2, in which phosphorylation of the two JMS tyrosines initiates the dissociation of the JMS and triggers activation-loop phosphorylation for kinase activation. Furthermore, experiments demonstrate that the EphA2 substrate PTEN, a phosphatase that has been implicated in tumour suppression, acts to regulate the phosphorylation states of EphA2, exemplifying a unique reciprocal enzyme–substrate system. Based on these studies, it is therefore suggested that EphA2 may possess an alternate activation mechanism distinct from other Eph RTKs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang DH, Zhang YJ, Zhang SB, Liu H, Liu L, Liu FL, Zuo J. Geldanamycin mediates the apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells through inhibition of EphA2 protein expression. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2429-36. [PMID: 25310629 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of EphA2 in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma. Moreover, we aimed to determine the effect of geldanamycin (GA), an inhibitor of Hsp90, on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cells. Gastric carcinoma tissues, paired adjacent mucosa and paired normal mucosa were obtained from resected surgical specimens of gastric carcinoma, and EphA2 mRNA and protein levels were assessed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. FCM was used to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. MGC803 cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT and FCM, respectively. We found that EphA2 protein was increased in the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial cells. Proliferation index (PI) was significantly upregulated following an increase in EphA2 expression in gastric carcinoma compared with dysplasia and normal samples, and was notably correlated with grade and lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of EphA2 increased the apoptosis rate and decreased the PI of MGC803 cells, which overexpressed the EphA2 protein. GA inhibited the cell proliferation of MGC803 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, GA decreased the EphA2 protein expression in MGC803 cells. Overexpression of EphA2 inhibited cell growth, blocked cells in the G0/G1 stage and increased cell apoptosis induced by GA in MGC803 cells. However, knockdown of EphA2 in MGC803 cells increased the apoptosis ratio induced by GA. In conclusion, EphA2 overexpression is an important characteristic in the carcinogenesis of gastric epithelial cells, followed by an increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Knockdown of EphA2 blocked MGC803 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. In conclusion GA inhibits MGC803 cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by upregulating expression of EphA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shijiazhuang People's Medical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - San-Bing Zhang
- Department of Hand and Feet Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hebei Cancer Institute, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gucciardo E, Sugiyama N, Lehti K. Eph- and ephrin-dependent mechanisms in tumor and stem cell dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3685-710. [PMID: 24794629 PMCID: PMC11113620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Initially regarded as axon-guidance and tissue-patterning molecules, Eph receptors have now been attributed with various functions during development, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. Their ligands, ephrins, are synthesized as membrane-associated molecules. At least two properties make this signaling system unique: (1) the signal can be simultaneously transduced in the receptor- and the ligand-expressing cell, (2) the signaling outcome through the same molecules can be opposite depending on cellular context. Moreover, shedding of Eph and ephrin ectodomains as well as ligand-dependent and -independent receptor crosstalk with other RTKs, proteases, and adhesion molecules broadens the repertoire of Eph/ephrin functions. These integrated pathways provide plasticity to cell-microenvironment communication in varying tissue contexts. The complex molecular networks and dynamic cellular outcomes connected to the Eph/ephrin signaling in tumor-host communication and stem cell niche are the main focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang M, Xiong C, Lu W, Zhang R, Zhou M, Huang Q, Weinberg J, Li C. Dual-modality micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of EphB4 in orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft models. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:74-84. [PMID: 23918654 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In glioblastoma, EphB4 receptors, a member of the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, are overexpressed in both tumor cells and angiogenic blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the EphB4-binding peptide TNYL-RAW labeled with both (64)Cu and near-infrared fluorescence dye Cy5.5 could be used as a molecular imaging agent for dual-modality positron emission tomography/computed tomography [PET/CT] and optical imaging of human glioblastoma in orthotopic brain tumor models. MATERIALS AND METHODS TNYL-RAW was conjugated to Cy5.5 and the radiometal chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid. The conjugate was then labeled with (64)Cu for in vitro binding and in vivo dual μPET/CT and optical imaging studies in nude mice implanted with EphB4-expressing U251 and EphB4-negative U87 human glioblastoma cells. Tumors and brains were removed at the end of the imaging sessions for immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence microscopic examinations. RESULTS μPET/CT and near-infrared optical imaging clearly showed specific uptake of the dual-labeled TNYL-RAW peptide in both U251 and U87 tumors in the brains of the nude mice after intravenous injection of the peptide. In U251 tumors, the Cy5.5-labeled peptide colocalized with both tumor blood vessels and tumor cells; in U87 tumors, the tracer colocalized only with tumor blood vessels, not with tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Dual-labeled EphB4-specific peptide could be used as a noninvasive molecular imaging agent for PET/CT and optical imaging of glioblastoma owing to its ability to bind to both EphB4-expressing angiogenic blood vessels and EphB4-expressing tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
EphB4 tyrosine kinase stimulation inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 35:933-8. [PMID: 24427781 PMCID: PMC3884623 DOI: 10.1155/2013/857895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is of diagnostic and therapeutic value due to its overexpression in breast tumors. Dual functions of tumor promotion and suppression have been reported for this receptor based on presence or absence of its ligand. To elucidate such discrepancy, we aimed to determine the effect of time- and dose-dependent stimulation of EphB4 on viability and invasion of breast cancer cells via recombinant ephrinB2-Fc. METHODS Cells were seeded into multiwell plates and were stimulated by various concentrations of preclustered ephrinB2-Fc. Cell viability was measured on days 3 and 6 following treatment using alamar-blue when cells were in different states of confluence. RESULTS Stimulation of cells with ephrinB2 did not pose any significant effect on cell viability before reaching confluence, while inhibition of cell growth was detected after 6 days when cells were in postconfluent state following a dose-dependent manner. EphrinB2 treatment did not affect tubular formation and invasion on matrigel. CONCLUSION This study showed that EphB4 can differentially inhibit cells at post confluent state and that presence of ligand manifests growth-inhibitory properties of EphB4 receptor. It is concluded that growth inhibition has occurred possibly due to long treatment with ligand, a process which leads to receptor downregulation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
High-grade gliomas remain incurable and lethal. Through the availability of the stem-like cells responsible for glioblastoma (GB) formation, expansion, resilience and recurrence, the discovery of glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) is revolutionizing this field. GCSCs provide an unprecedented opportunity to reproduce and study GB pathophysiology more accurately. This critically emphasizes our ability to unambiguously identify, isolate and investigate cells that do qualify as GCSCs, to use them as a potential model that is truly predictive of GBs and of their regulation and response to therapeutic agents. We review this concept against the background of key findings on somatic, neural and solid tumour stem cells (SCs), also taking into account the emerging phenomenon of phenotypic SC plasticity. We suggest that basic approaches in these areas can be imported into the GCSC field, so that the same functional method used to identify normal somatic SCs becomes the most appropriate to define GCSCs. This, combined with knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of normal adult neurogenesis, promises to improve the identification of GCSCs and of selective markers, as well as the development of innovative, more specific and efficacious antiglioma strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Binda
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nasreen N, Khodayari N, Sriram PS, Patel J, Mohammed KA. Tobacco smoke induces epithelial barrier dysfunction via receptor EphA2 signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1154-66. [PMID: 24717580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that mediate various cellular and developmental processes. The degrees of expression of these key molecules control the cell-cell interactions. Although the role of Eph receptors and their ligand Ephrins is well studied in developmental processes, their function in tobacco smoke (TS)-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction is unknown. We hypothesized that TS may induce permeability in bronchial airway epithelial cell (BAEpC) monolayer by modulating receptor EphA2 expression, actin cytoskeleton, adherens junction, and focal adhesion proteins. Here we report that in BAEpCs, acute TS exposure significantly upregulated EphA2 and EphrinA1 expression, disrupted the actin filaments, decreased E-cadherin expression, and increased protein permeability, whereas the focal adhesion protein paxillin was unaffected. Silencing the receptor EphA2 expression with silencing interference RNA (siRNA) significantly attenuated TS-induced hyperpermeability in BAEpCs. In addition, when BAEpC monolayer was transfected with EphA2-expressing plasmid and treated with recombinant EphrinA1, the transepithelial electrical resistance decreased significantly. Furthermore, TS downregulated E-cadherin expression and induced hyperpermeability across BAEpC monolayer in a Erk1/Erk2, p38, and JNK MAPK-dependent manner. TS induced hyperpermeability in BAEpC monolayer by targeting cell-cell adhesions, and interestingly cell-matrix adhesions were unaffected. The present data suggest that TS causes significant damage to the BAEpCs via induction of EphA2 and downregulation of E-cadherin. Induction of EphA2 in the BAEpCs exposed to TS may be an important signaling event in the pathogenesis of TS-induced epithelial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmunnisa Nasreen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Care System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Care System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peruvemba S Sriram
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Care System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jawaharlal Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Care System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kamal A Mohammed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health Care System, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu C, Huang H, Wang C, Kong Y, Zhang H. Involvement of ephrin receptor A4 in pancreatic cancer cell motility and invasion. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2165-2169. [PMID: 24932309 PMCID: PMC4049679 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin (EPH) receptors can be classified into EPHA and EPHB receptors and are important in diverse cellular processes. EPHA4, a member of the EPHA receptors, has been demonstrated to be elevated in various human cancers and involved in the tumor progression. However, the role of EPHA4 in pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear. Therefore, the present study transfected Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the expression of EPHA4. Wound healing and invasion assays were then performed to assess the effect of EPHA4 knockdown on the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the knockdown of EPHA4 by siRNA inhibits the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, gelatin zymography assay showed that EPHA4 may regulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. In addition, the knockdown of EPHA4 increased the expression of epithelial (E)-cadherin, as well as decreased the expression of Snail. Overall, these results suggested that EPHA4 may promote the motility and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via the upregulation of MMP-2 and Snail, as well as the downregulation of E-cadherin. Thus, EPHA4 may act as a useful target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bai J, Wang YJ, Liu L, Zhao YL. Ephrin B2 and EphB4 selectively mark arterial and venous vessels in cerebral arteriovenous malformation. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:405-15. [PMID: 24517927 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513478091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ephrin type B receptor 4 (EphB4, Eph receptor) selectively binds ephrin B2 (Eph ligand). EphB4/ephrin B2 is involved in embryonic vessel development, vascular remodelling and pathological vessel formation in adults (including tumour angiogenesis). Binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A to the endothelial-specific receptor VEGF receptor-2 is the main extracellular signal triggering angiogenic response. Little is known about the role of EphB4/ephrin B2 during angiogenesis and arteriovenous plasticity in cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM). This study investigated EphB4 and ephrin B2 expression in cAVM. METHODS Haemorrhagic (H-AVM) and nonhaemorrhagic (NH-AVM) specimens of AVM nidus, obtained after microsurgical cAVM resection, and normal superficial temporal artery (STA) specimens, were analysed retrospectively. VEGF-A, EphB4 and ephrin B2 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. RESULTS In cAVM (10 H-AVM; 10 NH-AVM), VEGF-A was immunocytochemically localized to endothelial cells; strong endothelial cell staining was found for EphB4 in veins and ephrin B2 in arteries. Normal STA (n = 10) did not express EphB4 or ephrin B2. EphB4 and ephrin B2 expression was greater in H-AVM than in NH-AVM. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cells are more active in H-AVM than NH-AVM. EphB4 and ephrin B2 play important roles in neovascularization and arteriovenous differentiation/plasticity. These data provide new insights into the aetiology of cAVM and lay a foundation for further study. The notch pathway induced by VEGF-A may be a key signalling pathway in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xi HQ, Wu XS, Wei B, Chen L. Eph receptors and ephrins as targets for cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2894-909. [PMID: 22862837 PMCID: PMC4393718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands are involved in various signalling pathways and mediate critical steps of a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Increasing experimental evidence demonstrates that both Eph receptor and ephrin ligands are overexpressed in a number of human tumours, and are associated with tumour growth, invasiveness and metastasis. In this regard, the Eph/ephrin system provides the foundation for potentially exciting new targets for anticancer therapies for Eph-expressing tumours. The purpose of this review is to outline current advances in the role of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands in cancer, and to discuss novel therapeutic approaches of anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ameri H, Liu H, Liu R, Ha Y, Paulucci-Holthauzen AA, Hu S, Motamedi M, Godley BF, Tilton RG, Zhang W. TWEAK/Fn14 pathway is a novel mediator of retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:801-13. [PMID: 24408972 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal neovascularization (NV) is a major cause of vision loss in ischemia-induced retinopathy. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor inducible-14 (Fn14), have been implicated in angiogenesis, but their role in retinal diseases is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in retinal NV. METHODS Studies were performed in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). Hyperoxia treatment was initiated on postnatal day (P)14. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to assess retinal vascular changes in relation to expression of Fn14 and TWEAK. RESULTS Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 mRNA was prominently increased from P13 to P17 in OIR retinas, whereas TWEAK level was slightly decreased. These alterations were normalized by hyperoxia treatment and were more striking in isolated retinal vessels. There was a discernible shift in the immunoreactivity of Fn14 and TWEAK from the neuronal layers in the healthy retina to the neovascular tufts in that of OIR. Blockade of TWEAK/Fn14 significantly prevented retinal NV while slightly accelerated revascularization. In contrast, activation of Fn14 positively regulated survival pathways in the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) family and robustly enhanced HRMEC survival. Furthermore, gene analysis revealed the regulatory region of Fn14 gene contains several conserved hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α binding sites. Overexpression of HIF-1α prominently induced Fn14 expression in HRMECs. CONCLUSIONS We found that the TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor inducible-14 (Fn14) pathway is involved in the development of pathologic retinal neovascularization. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α is likely implicated in the upregulation of Fn14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ameri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Keane N, Freeman C, Swords R, Giles FJ. EPHA3 as a novel therapeutic target in the hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:325-40. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
48
|
Chukkapalli S, Amessou M, Dilly AK, Dekhil H, Zhao J, Liu Q, Bejna A, Thomas RD, Bandyopadhyay S, Bismar TA, Neill D, Azoulay L, Batist G, Kandouz M. Role of the EphB2 receptor in autophagy, apoptosis and invasion in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2013; 320:233-46. [PMID: 24211352 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Eph and Ephrin proteins, which constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, are involved in normal tissue development and cancer progression. Here, we examined the expression and role of the B-type Eph receptor EphB2 in breast cancers. By immunohistochemistry using a progression tissue microarray of human clinical samples, we found EphB2 to be expressed in benign tissues, but strongly increased in cancers particularly in invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Subsequently, we found evidence that EphB2, whose expression varies in established cell breast lines, possesses multiple functions. First, the use of a DOX-inducible system to restore EphB2 function to low expressers resulted in decreased tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, while its siRNA-mediated silencing in high expressers increased growth. This function involves the onset of apoptotic death paralleled by caspases 3 and 9 activation. Second, EphB2 was also found to induce autophagy, as assessed by immunofluorescence and/or immunoblotting examination of the LC3, ATG5 and ATG12 markers. Third, EphB2 also has a pro-invasive function in breast cancer cells that involves the regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 metalloproteases and can be blocked by treatment with respective neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, EphB2-induced invasion is kinase-dependent and is impeded in cells expressing a kinase-dead mutant EphB2. In summary, we identified a mechanism involving a triple role for EphB2 in breast cancer progression, whereby it regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Chukkapalli
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohamed Amessou
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashok K Dilly
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hafedh Dekhil
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Zhao
- Montréal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Segal cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Montréal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Segal cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Bejna
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ron D Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Tarek A Bismar
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniel Neill
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Montréal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Segal cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pollack IF, Jakacki RI, Butterfield LH, Okada H. Ependymomas: development of immunotherapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Neurother 2013; 13:1089-98. [PMID: 24117271 PMCID: PMC3972122 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2013.840420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are among the most challenging childhood brain tumors. Although 50-70% of ependymomas are cured with surgery and irradiation, a significant percentage of tumors recur. Ependymomas that are not amenable to complete resection at diagnosis have a particularly poor prognosis, and the vast majority of affected children experience tumor recurrence. Although transient responses have been observed in recurrent tumors treated with re-irradiation and several chemotherapy regimens, long-term disease control is rarely achieved. Children with recurrent disease commonly experience cumulative neurological morbidity from repeated surgical and adjuvant therapy interventions and almost universally succumb to refractory tumor progression. Accordingly, conceptually new treatment approaches are needed, both to decrease the risk of tumor recurrence and to enhance disease control in those children who experience recurrent disease. This article reviews the current application of risk-based treatment stratification at diagnosis, the rationale for exploring the role of novel therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy at recurrence and the concept behind a vaccine-based trial for these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian F. Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Regina I. Jakacki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lu CY, Yang ZX, Zhou L, Huang ZZ, Zhang HT, Li J, Tao KS, Xie BZ. High levels of EphA3 expression are associated with high invasive capacity and poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2179-86. [PMID: 23970317 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although EphA3 expression has been associated with progression or prognosis in several types of tumors, the role of EphA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of EphA3 expression in HCC as well as the underlying mechanisms responsible. EphA3 protein was mainly localized within the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane. High EphA3 expression was correlated with tumor size, tumor grade, metastasis, venous invasion and AJCC TNM stage (P<0.05), and patients with high levels of EphA3 expression were at a significantly increased risk for shortened survival time (P<0.05). In vitro, the downregulation of EphA3 expression decreased the invasive capacity of HCC cells via the regulation of VEGF. EphA3 may represent a novel candidate marker for patient prognosis as well a molecular target for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Lu
- Department of Information, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi 710032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|