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Lo Faro V, Bhattacharya A, Zhou W, Zhou D, Wang Y, Läll K, Kanai M, Lopera-Maya E, Straub P, Pawar P, Tao R, Zhong X, Namba S, Sanna S, Nolte IM, Okada Y, Ingold N, MacGregor S, Snieder H, Surakka I, Shortt J, Gignoux C, Rafaels N, Crooks K, Verma A, Verma SS, Guare L, Rader DJ, Willer C, Martin AR, Brantley MA, Gamazon ER, Jansonius NM, Joos K, Cox NJ, Hirbo J. Novel ancestry-specific primary open-angle glaucoma loci and shared biology with vascular mechanisms and cell proliferation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101430. [PMID: 38382466 PMCID: PMC10897632 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, shows disparity in prevalence and manifestations across ancestries. We perform meta-analysis across 15 biobanks (of the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative) (n = 1,487,441: cases = 26,848) and merge with previous multi-ancestry studies, with the combined dataset representing the largest and most diverse POAG study to date (n = 1,478,037: cases = 46,325) and identify 17 novel significant loci, 5 of which were ancestry specific. Gene-enrichment and transcriptome-wide association analyses implicate vascular and cancer genes, a fifth of which are primary ciliary related. We perform an extensive statistical analysis of SIX6 and CDKN2B-AS1 loci in human GTEx data and across large electronic health records showing interaction between SIX6 gene and causal variants in the chr9p21.3 locus, with expression effect on CDKN2A/B. Our results suggest that some POAG risk variants may be ancestry specific, sex specific, or both, and support the contribution of genes involved in programmed cell death in POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lo Faro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristi Läll
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esteban Lopera-Maya
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Straub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Priyanka Pawar
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Serena Sanna
- University of Groningen, UMCG, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands; Institute for Genetics and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nathan Ingold
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Shortt
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicholas Rafaels
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristy Crooks
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Guare
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Milam A Brantley
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Joos
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jibril Hirbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Nurmi AK, Pelttari LM, Kiiski JI, Khan S, Nurmikolu M, Suvanto M, Aho N, Tasmuth T, Kalso E, Schleutker J, Kallioniemi A, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. NTHL1 is a recessive cancer susceptibility gene. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21127. [PMID: 38036545 PMCID: PMC10689455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of novel breast cancer (BC) risk variants, we performed a whole-exome sequencing and variant analysis of 69 Finnish BC patients as well as analysed loss-of-function variants identified in DNA repair genes in the Finns from the Genome Aggregation Database. Additionally, we carried out a validation study of SERPINA3 c.918-1G>C, recently suggested for BC predisposition. We estimated the frequencies of 41 rare candidate variants in 38 genes by genotyping them in 2482-4101 BC patients and in 1273-3985 controls. We further evaluated all coding variants in the candidate genes in a dataset of 18,786 BC patients and 182,927 controls from FinnGen. None of the variants associated significantly with cancer risk in the primary BC series; however, in the FinnGen data, NTHL1 c.244C>T p.(Gln82Ter) associated with BC with a high risk for homozygous (OR = 44.7 [95% CI 6.90-290], P = 6.7 × 10-5) and a low risk for heterozygous women (OR = 1.39 [1.18-1.64], P = 7.8 × 10-5). Furthermore, the results suggested a high risk of colorectal, urinary tract, and basal-cell skin cancer for homozygous individuals, supporting NTHL1 as a recessive multi-tumour susceptibility gene. No significant association with BC risk was detected for SERPINA3 or any other evaluated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nurmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Nurmikolu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Suvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Aho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Tasmuth
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and FICAN West Cancer Centre, and Department of Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, and BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Luo H, Huang K, Cheng M, Long X, Zhu X, Wu M. The HNF4A-CHPF pathway promotes proliferation and invasion through interactions with MAD1L1 in glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11052-11066. [PMID: 37851364 PMCID: PMC10637790 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) is an important glycosyltransferases that participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS). Our previous study showed that silencing CHPF expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro, but the molecular mechanisms by which CHPF contributes to development of glioma have not been characterized. In this study, we found that CHPF was up-regulated in glioma tissues and was positively correlated with malignant clinical pathological characteristics of patients with glioma. Silencing CHPF expression inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and cell cycle of glioma cells. Moreover, silencing CHPF suppressed glioma malignance in vivo. Immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays were used to verify the interaction between CHPF and Mitotic arrest deficient 1-like 1 (MAD1L1). In addition, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR analysis showed that HNF4A bound to the CHPF promoter region, which indicated that the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) could regulate the expression of CHPF in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Health Management Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Science Research Center, East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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4
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Ahmadzada T, Vijayan A, Vafaee F, Azimi A, Reid G, Clarke S, Kao S, Grau GE, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Small and Large Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines Offer Biomarker Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082364. [PMID: 37190292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma, previously known as malignant pleural mesothelioma, is an aggressive and fatal cancer of the pleura, with one of the poorest survival rates. Pleural mesothelioma is in urgent clinical need for biomarkers to aid early diagnosis, improve prognostication, and stratify patients for treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential as biomarkers; however, there are limited studies to date on their role in pleural mesothelioma. We conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis on different EV populations derived from five pleural mesothelioma cell lines and an immortalized control cell line. We characterized three subtypes of EVs (10 K, 18 K, and 100 K), and identified a total of 4054 unique proteins. Major differences were found in the cargo between the three EV subtypes. We show that 10 K EVs were enriched in mitochondrial components and metabolic processes, while 18 K and 100 K EVs were enriched in endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found 46 new cancer-associated proteins for pleural mesothelioma, and the presence of mesothelin and PD-L1/PD-L2 enriched in 100 K and 10 K EV, respectively. We demonstrate that different EV populations derived from pleural mesothelioma cells have unique cancer-specific proteomes and carry oncogenic cargo, which could offer a novel means to extract biomarkers of interest for pleural mesothelioma from liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Vafaee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Azimi
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Clarke
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Steven Kao
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Georges E Grau
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Nappi A, Miro C, Pezone A, Tramontano A, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Cicatiello AG, Murolo M, Torabinejad S, Abbotto E, Caiazzo G, Raia M, Stornaiuolo M, Antonini D, Fabbrocini G, Salvatore D, Avvedimento VE, Dentice M. Loss of p53 activates thyroid hormone via type 2 deiodinase and enhances DNA damage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1244. [PMID: 36871014 PMCID: PMC9985592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thyroid Hormone (TH) activating enzyme, type 2 Deiodinase (D2), is functionally required to elevate the TH concentration during cancer progression to advanced stages. However, the mechanisms regulating D2 expression in cancer still remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the cell stress sensor and tumor suppressor p53 silences D2 expression, thereby lowering the intracellular THs availability. Conversely, even partial loss of p53 elevates D2/TH resulting in stimulation and increased fitness of tumor cells by boosting a significant transcriptional program leading to modulation of genes involved in DNA damage and repair and redox signaling. In vivo genetic deletion of D2 significantly reduces cancer progression and suggests that targeting THs may represent a general tool reducing invasiveness in p53-mutated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80149, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Enrico Avvedimento
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.
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6
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Mortensen Ó, Thomsen E, Lydersen LN, Apol KD, Weihe P, Steig BÁ, Andorsdóttir G, Als TD, Gregersen NO. FarGen: Elucidating the distribution of coding variants in the isolated population of the Faroe Islands. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:329-337. [PMID: 36404349 PMCID: PMC9995356 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present results from FarGen Phase I exomes. This dataset is based on the FarGen cohort, which consists of 1,541 individuals from the isolated population of the Faroe Islands. The purpose of this cohort is to serve as a reference catalog of coding variants, and to conduct population genetic studies to better understand the genetic contribution to various diseases in the Faroese population. The first whole-exome data set comprise 465 individuals and a total of 148,267 genetic variants were discovered. Principle Component Analysis indicates that the population is isolated and weakly structured. The distribution of variants in various functional classes was compared with populations in the gnomAD dataset; the results indicated that the proportions were consistent across the cohorts, but probably due to a small sample size, the FarGen dataset contained relatively few rare variants. We identified 19 variants that are classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in ClinVar; several of these variants are associated with monogenetic diseases with increased prevalence in the Faroe Islands. The results support previous studies, which indicate that the Faroe Islands is an isolated and weakly structured population. Future studies may elucidate the significance of the 19 pathogenic variants that were identified. The FarGen Phase I dataset is an important step for genetic research in the Faroese population, and the next phase of FarGen will increase the sample size and broaden the scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ólavur Mortensen
- The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Elisabet Thomsen
- The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | | | - Katrin D Apol
- The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands Tórshavn, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Bjarni Á Steig
- Medical Department, National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Guðrið Andorsdóttir
- The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Thomas D Als
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noomi O Gregersen
- The Genetic Biobank of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
- Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
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7
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Goo BS, Mun DJ, Kim S, Nhung TTM, Lee SB, Woo Y, Kim SJ, Suh BK, Park SJ, Lee HE, Park K, Jang H, Rah JC, Yoon KJ, Baek ST, Park SY, Park SK. Schizophrenia-associated Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 (MAD1) regulates the polarity of migrating neurons in the developing neocortex. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:856-870. [PMID: 36357673 PMCID: PMC9908555 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an association between MAD1L1 (Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 Like 1) and the pathology of schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to address these mechanisms by examining the role of MAD1 (the gene product of MAD1L1) in key neurodevelopmental processes in mice and human organoids. Our findings indicated that MAD1 is highly expressed during active cortical development and that MAD1 deficiency leads to impairments in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. We also observed that MAD1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and regulates vesicular trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, which is required for the growth and polarity of migrating neurons. In this process, MAD1 physically interacts and collaborates with the kinesin-like protein KIFC3 (kinesin family member C3) to regulate the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and neuronal polarity, thereby ensuring proper neuronal migration and differentiation. Consequently, our findings indicate that MAD1 is an essential regulator of neuronal development and that alterations in MAD1 may underlie schizophrenia pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Seong Goo
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Present Address: Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kunyou Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Risk Allele Frequency Analysis and Risk Prediction of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Prostate Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112039. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) varies by ethnicity. This study aimed to provide insights into the genetic cause of PCa, which can result in differences in incidence among individuals of diverse ancestry. We collected data on PCa-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study catalog. Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze the significance of enrichment or depletion of the effect on the allele at a given SNP. A network analysis was performed based on PCa-related SNPs that showed significant differences among ethnicities. The SNP-based polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated, and its correlation with PCa incidence was evaluated. European, African, and East Asian populations had different heatmap patterns. Calculated PRS from the allele frequencies of PCa was the highest among Africans, followed by Europeans, and was the lowest among East Asians. PRS was positively correlated with the incidence and mortality of PCa. Network analysis revealed that AR, CDKN1B, and MAD1L1 are genes related to ethnic differences in PCa. The incidence and mortality of PCa showed a strong correlation with PRS according to ethnicity, which may suggest the effect of genetic factors, such as the AR gene, on PCa pathogenesis.
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9
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McKinney BC, McClain LL, Hensler CM, Wei Y, Klei L, Lewis DA, Devlin B, Wang J, Ding Y, Sweet RA. Schizophrenia-associated differential DNA methylation in brain is distributed across the genome and annotated to MAD1L1, a locus at which DNA methylation and transcription phenotypes share genetic variation with schizophrenia risk. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:340. [PMID: 35987687 PMCID: PMC9392724 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm), the addition of a methyl group to a cytosine in DNA, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with schizophrenia (SZ) by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often influence local DNAm levels. Thus, DNAm alterations, acting through effects on gene expression, represent one potential mechanism by which SZ-associated SNPs confer risk. In this study, we investigated genome-wide DNAm in postmortem superior temporal gyrus from 44 subjects with SZ and 44 non-psychiatric comparison subjects using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip microarrays, and extracted cell-type-specific methylation signals by applying tensor composition analysis. We identified SZ-associated differential methylation at 242 sites, and 44 regions containing two or more sites (FDR cutoff of q = 0.1) and determined a subset of these were cell-type specific. We found mitotic arrest deficient 1-like 1 (MAD1L1), a gene within an established GWAS risk locus, harbored robust SZ-associated differential methylation. We investigated the potential role of MAD1L1 DNAm in conferring SZ risk by assessing for colocalization among quantitative trait loci for methylation and gene transcripts (mQTLs and tQTLs) in brain tissue and GWAS signal at the locus using multiple-trait-colocalization analysis. We found that mQTLs and tQTLs colocalized with the GWAS signal (posterior probability >0.8). Our findings suggest that alterations in MAD1L1 methylation and transcription may mediate risk for SZ at the MAD1L1-containing locus. Future studies to identify how SZ-associated differential methylation affects MAD1L1 biological function are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Lora L McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Hensler
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Sasaki A, Murphy KE, Briollais L, McGowan PO, Matthews SG. DNA methylation profiles in the blood of newborn term infants born to mothers with obesity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267946. [PMID: 35500004 PMCID: PMC9060365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is an important risk factor for childhood obesity and influences the prevalence of metabolic diseases in offspring. As childhood obesity is influenced by postnatal factors, it is critical to determine whether children born to women with obesity during pregnancy show alterations that are detectable at birth. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation modifications have been proposed to mediate prenatal programming. We investigated DNA methylation signatures in male and female infants from mothers with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) compared to mothers with obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2). BMI was measured during the first prenatal visit from women recruited into the Ontario Birth Study (OBS) at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, ON, Canada. DNA was extracted from neonatal dried blood spots collected from heel pricks obtained 24 hours after birth at term (total n = 40) from women with a normal BMI and women with obesity matched for parity, age, and neonatal sex. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to identify genomic loci associated with differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in CpG-dense regions most likely to influence gene regulation. DMRs were predominantly localized to intergenic regions and gene bodies, with only 9% of DMRs localized to promoter regions. Genes associated with DMRs were compared to those from a large publicly available cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; total n = 859). Hypergeometric tests revealed a significant overlap in genes associated with DMRs in the OBS and ALSPAC cohorts. PTPRN2, a gene involved in insulin secretion, and MAD1L1, which plays a role in the cell cycle and tumor suppression, contained DMRs in males and females in both cohorts. In males, KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant overrepresentation of genes involved in endocytosis and pathways in cancer, including IGF1R, which was previously shown to respond to diet-induced metabolic stress in animal models and in lymphocytes in the context of childhood obesity. These preliminary findings are consistent with Developmental Origins of Health and Disease paradigm, which posits that adverse prenatal exposures set developmental health trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sasaki
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kellie E. Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Briollais
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick O. McGowan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Macías-Silva M, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Méndez-Ambrosio B. Identification of genes modulated by interferon gamma in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101053. [PMID: 34189281 PMCID: PMC8220005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) plays a context-dependent dual tumor-suppressor and pro-tumorigenic roles in cancer. IFNγ induces morphological changes in breast cancer (BC) cells with or without estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression. However, IFNγ-regulated genes in BC cells remain unexplored. Here, we performed a cDNA microarray analysis of MCF-7 (ERα+) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2-/PR-/ERα-) cells with and without IFNγ treatment. We identified specific IFNγ−modulated genes in each cell type, and a small group of genes regulated by IFNγ common in both cell types. IFNγ treatment for an extended time mainly repressed gene expression shared by both cell types. Nonetheless, some of these IFNγ-repressed genes were seemingly deregulated in human mammary tumor samples, along with decreased IFNGR1 (an IFNγ receptor) expression. Thus, IFNγ signaling-elicited anti-tumor activities may be mediated by the downregulation of main IFNγ target genes in BC; however, it may be deregulated by the tumor microenvironment in a tumor stage-dependent manner. Identification of new potential genes regulated by IFNγ in breast cancer cells. A small group of common genes is regulated by IFNγ in ERα- and ERα+ breast cancer cells. IFNγ treatment for a long time mainly represses gene expression in breast cancer cells. The tumor environment may lead to a decrease in IFNGR1 expression in mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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12
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Mosquera Orgueira A, Ferreiro Ferro R, Díaz Arias JÁ, Aliste Santos C, Antelo Rodríguez B, Bao Pérez L, Alonso Vence N, Bendaña López Á, Abuin Blanco A, Melero Valentín P, Peleteiro Raindo A, Cid López M, Pérez Encinas MM, González Pérez MS, Fraga Rodríguez MF, Bello López JL. Detection of new drivers of frequent B-cell lymphoid neoplasms using an integrated analysis of whole genomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248886. [PMID: 33945543 PMCID: PMC8096002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders exhibit a diverse spectrum of diagnostic entities with heterogeneous behaviour. Multiple efforts have focused on the determination of the genomic drivers of B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the meantime, the aggregation of diverse tumors in pan-cancer genomic studies has become a useful tool to detect new driver genes, while enabling the comparison of mutational patterns across tumors. Here we present an integrated analysis of 354 B-cell lymphoid disorders. 112 recurrently mutated genes were discovered, of which KMT2D, CREBBP, IGLL5 and BCL2 were the most frequent, and 31 genes were putative new drivers. Mutations in CREBBP, TNFRSF14 and KMT2D predominated in follicular lymphoma, whereas those in BTG2, HTA-A and PIM1 were more frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Additionally, we discovered 31 significantly mutated protein networks, reinforcing the role of genes such as CREBBP, EEF1A1, STAT6, GNA13 and TP53, but also pointing towards a myriad of infrequent players in lymphomagenesis. Finally, we report aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with novel noncoding mutations (DTX1 and S1PR2), and new recurrent copy number aberrations affecting immune check-point regulators (CD83, PVR) and B-cell specific genes (TNFRSF13C). Our analysis expands the number of mutational drivers of B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and identifies several differential somatic events between disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mosquera Orgueira
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Roi Ferreiro Ferro
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz Arias
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Aliste Santos
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antelo Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Laura Bao Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Natalia Alonso Vence
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ággeles Bendaña López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Aitor Abuin Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Paula Melero Valentín
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - And´res Peleteiro Raindo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Miguel Cid López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Mateo Pérez Encinas
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Marta Sonia González Pérez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Máximo Francisco Fraga Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - José Luis Bello López
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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13
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Iegiani G, Gai M, Di Cunto F, Pallavicini G. CENPE Inhibition Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe and DNA Damage in Medulloblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051028. [PMID: 33804489 PMCID: PMC7957796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective, since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. CENPE is a gene critical for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB cells are very similar to neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In MB cell lines, CENPE depletion induced defects in division and resulted in cell death. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, a specific inhibitor already in clinical trials for other cancer types. GSK923295 induced effects similar to CENPE depletion at low nM levels, supporting the idea that CENPE’s inhibition could be a viable strategy for MB treatment. Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent brain tumor in children. The standard treatment consists in surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These therapies are only partially effective since many patients still die and those who survive suffer from neurological and endocrine disorders. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in 25 different genes. Centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) heterozygous mutations cause the MCPH13 syndrome. As for other MCPH genes, CENPE is required for normal proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. Since there is evidence that MB shares many molecular features with neural progenitors, we hypothesized that CENPE could be an effective target for MB treatment. In ONS-76 and DAOY cells, CENPE knockdown induced mitotic defects and apoptosis. Moreover, CENPE depletion induced endogenous DNA damage accumulation, activating TP53 or TP73 as well as cell death signaling pathways. To consolidate CENPE as a target for MB treatment, we tested GSK923295, an allosteric inhibitor already in clinical trial for other cancer types. GSK923295, induced effects similar to CENPE depletion with higher penetrance, at low nM levels, suggesting that CENPE’s inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for MB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, 10043 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.C.); (G.P.)
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14
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Comprehensive characterization of protein-protein interactions perturbed by disease mutations. Nat Genet 2021; 53:342-353. [PMID: 33558758 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Technological and computational advances in genomics and interactomics have made it possible to identify how disease mutations perturb protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks within human cells. Here, we show that disease-associated germline variants are significantly enriched in sequences encoding PPI interfaces compared to variants identified in healthy participants from the projects 1000 Genomes and ExAC. Somatic missense mutations are also significantly enriched in PPI interfaces compared to noninterfaces in 10,861 tumor exomes. We computationally identified 470 putative oncoPPIs in a pan-cancer analysis and demonstrate that oncoPPIs are highly correlated with patient survival and drug resistance/sensitivity. We experimentally validate the network effects of 13 oncoPPIs using a systematic binary interaction assay, and also demonstrate the functional consequences of two of these on tumor cell growth. In summary, this human interactome network framework provides a powerful tool for prioritization of alleles with PPI-perturbing mutations to inform pathobiological mechanism- and genotype-based therapeutic discovery.
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15
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Sarkar S, Sahoo PK, Mahata S, Pal R, Ghosh D, Mistry T, Ghosh S, Bera T, Nasare VD. Mitotic checkpoint defects: en route to cancer and drug resistance. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:131-144. [PMID: 33409811 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of mitosis regulation is a common feature of malignant cells that leads to aberrant cell division with inaccurate chromosome segregation. The mitotic checkpoint is responsible for faithful transmission of genetic material to the progeny. Defects in this checkpoint, such as mutations and changes in gene expression, lead to abnormal chromosome content or aneuploidy that may facilitate cancer development. Furthermore, a defective checkpoint response is indicated in the development of drug resistance to microtubule poisons that are used in treatment of various blood and solid cancers for several decades. Mitotic slippage and senescence are important cell fates that occur even with an active mitotic checkpoint and are held responsible for the resistance. However, contradictory findings in both the scenarios of carcinogenesis and drug resistance have aroused questions on whether mitotic checkpoint defects are truly responsible for these dismal outcomes. Here, we discuss the possible contribution of the faulty checkpoint signaling in cancer development and drug resistance, followed by the latest research on this pathway for better outcomes in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjini Sarkar
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Ranita Pal
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Dipanwita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tanuma Mistry
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India
| | - Tanmoy Bera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Vilas D Nasare
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Screening, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700026, India.
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16
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Suárez-González J, Triviño JC, Bautista G, García-Marco JA, Figuera Á, Balas A, Vicario JL, Ortuño FJ, Teruel R, María Álamo J, Carbonell D, Andrés-Zayas C, Dorado N, Rodríguez-Macías G, Kwon M, Díez-Martín JL, Martínez-Laperche C, Buño I, Spanish Group For Hematopoietic Transplantation Geth. Exome sequencing reveals heterogeneous clonal dynamics in donor cell myeloid neoplasms after stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2020; 105:2655-2658. [PMID: 33131255 PMCID: PMC7604628 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.234609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Suárez-González
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital and Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Bautista
- Department of Hematology, Puerta de Hierro General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángela Figuera
- Department of Hematology, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Balas
- Department of Histocompatibility, Madrid Blood Centre, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Ortuño
- Dept of Hematology-Medical Oncology, IMIB-Arrixaca, Morales Meseguer G. U. Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Teruel
- Dept of Hematology-Medical Oncology, IMIB-Arrixaca, Morales Meseguer G. U. Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Diego Carbonell
- IiSGM and Dept. of Hematology, Gregorio Maranon General University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Zayas
- Genomics Unit, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital and Health Research Institute (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Dorado
- IiSGM and Dept of Hematology, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mi Kwon
- IiSGM and Dept of Hematology, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Díez-Martín
- IiSGM, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital and Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Buño
- IiSGM, Gregorio Maranon G. U. Hospital and Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Zeng L, Fan X, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang X, Zhang K, He S, Li N, Han Q, Liu Z. Involvement of NEK2 and its interaction with NDC80 and CEP250 in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 33109182 PMCID: PMC7590453 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NEK2 has an established involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the roles of NEK2 and its interacting proteins in HCC have not been systematically explored. METHODS This study examined NEK2 and its interacting proteins in HCC based on multiple databases. RESULTS NEK2 mRNA was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. The survival of HCC patients with high NEK2 mRNA expression was shorter than those with low expression. MAD1L1, CEP250, MAPK1, NDC80, PPP1CA, PPP1R2 and NEK11 were the interacting proteins of NEK2. Among them, NDC80 and CEP250 were the key interacting proteins of NEK2. Mitotic prometaphase may be the key pathway that NEK2 and its interacting proteins contributed to HCC pathogenesis. NEK2, NDC80 and CEP250 mRNAs were highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. The mRNA levels of NEK2 were positively correlated with those of NDC80 or CEP250. Univariate regression showed that NEK2, NDC80 and CEP250 mRNA expressions were significantly associated with HCC patients' survival. Multivariate regression showed that NDC80 mRNA expression was an independent predictor for HCC patients' survival. Methylations and genetic alterations of NEK2, NDC80 and CEP250 were observed in HCC samples. The alterations of NEK2, NDC80 and CEP250 genes were co-occurrence. Patients with high mRNA expression and genetic alterations of NEK2, NDC80 and CEP250 had poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS NEK2 and its interacting proteins NDC80 and CEP250 play important roles in HCC development and progression and thus may be potentially used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710021 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi Province People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhang H, Jin Z, Cheng L, Zhang B. Integrative Analysis of Methylation and Gene Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 32117905 PMCID: PMC7019569 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly prevalent type of cancer with a poor 5-year survival rate of about 4-17%. Eighty percent lung cancer belongs to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For a long time, the treatment of NSCLC has been mostly guided by tumor stage, and there has been no significant difference between the therapy strategy of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), the two major subtypes of NSCLC. In recent years, important molecular differences between LUAD and SCLC are increasingly identified, indicating that targeted therapy will be more and more histologically specific in the future. To investigate the LUAD and SCLC difference on multi-omics scale, we analyzed the methylation and gene expression data together. With the Boruta method to remove irrelevant features and the MCFS (Monte Carlo Feature Selection) method to identify the significantly important features, we identified 113 key methylation features and 23 key gene expression features. HNF1B and TP63 were found to be dysfunctional on both methylation and gene expression levels. The experimentally determined interaction network suggested that TP63 may play an important role in connecting methylation genes and expression genes. Many of the discovered signature genes have been supported by literature. Our results may provide directions of precision diagnosis and therapy of LUAD and SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiration, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhenhai, Ningbo, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Warthi G, Fournier PE, Seligmann H. Identification of Noncanonical Transcripts Produced by Systematic Nucleotide Exchanges in HIV-Associated Centroblastic Lymphoma. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:1444-1448. [PMID: 31750730 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical transcriptions include transcriptions that systematically exchange nucleotides, also called bijective transformations or swinger transformations. Swinger transformation A↔T+C↔G recovers identities of 8 among 9 unknown RNAs differentially expressed in centroblastic lymphoma, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The identified RNAs align with human genes with known anti-HIV1 or oncogenic activities. Function disruption through swinger-transformed transcription potentially enables avoiding antiviral responses and contributes to cancer induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Warthi
- IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Seligmann
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Galván-Femenía I, Obón-Santacana M, Piñeyro D, Guindo-Martinez M, Duran X, Carreras A, Pluvinet R, Velasco J, Ramos L, Aussó S, Mercader JM, Puig L, Perucho M, Torrents D, Moreno V, Sumoy L, de Cid R. Multitrait genome association analysis identifies new susceptibility genes for human anthropometric variation in the GCAT cohort. J Med Genet 2018; 55:765-778. [PMID: 30166351 PMCID: PMC6252362 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Heritability estimates have revealed an important contribution of SNP variants for most common traits; however, SNP analysis by single-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has failed to uncover their impact. In this study, we applied a multitrait GWAS approach to discover additional factor of the missing heritability of human anthropometric variation. Methods We analysed 205 traits, including diseases identified at baseline in the GCAT cohort (Genomes For Life- Cohort study of the Genomes of Catalonia) (n=4988), a Mediterranean adult population-based cohort study from the south of Europe. We estimated SNP heritability contribution and single-trait GWAS for all traits from 15 million SNP variants. Then, we applied a multitrait-related approach to study genome-wide association to anthropometric measures in a two-stage meta-analysis with the UK Biobank cohort (n=336 107). Results Heritability estimates (eg, skin colour, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, body mass index, educational level or height) revealed an important contribution of SNP variants, ranging from 18% to 77%. Single-trait analysis identified 1785 SNPs with genome-wide significance threshold. From these, several previously reported single-trait hits were confirmed in our sample with LINC01432 (p=1.9×10−9) variants associated with male baldness, LDLR variants with hyperlipidaemia (ICD-9:272) (p=9.4×10−10) and variants in IRF4 (p=2.8×10−57), SLC45A2 (p=2.2×10−130), HERC2 (p=2.8×10−176), OCA2 (p=2.4×10−121) and MC1R (p=7.7×10−22) associated with hair, eye and skin colour, freckling, tanning capacity and sun burning sensitivity and the Fitzpatrick phototype score, all highly correlated cross-phenotypes. Multitrait meta-analysis of anthropometric variation validated 27 loci in a two-stage meta-analysis with a large British ancestry cohort, six of which are newly reported here (p value threshold <5×10−9) at ZRANB2-AS2, PIK3R1, EPHA7, MAD1L1, CACUL1 and MAP3K9. Conclusion Considering multiple-related genetic phenotypes improve associated genome signal detection. These results indicate the potential value of data-driven multivariate phenotyping for genetic studies in large population-based cohorts to contribute to knowledge of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Galván-Femenía
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain.,Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Piñeyro
- High Content Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marta Guindo-Martinez
- Life Sciences - Computational Genomics, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Raquel Pluvinet
- High Content Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Juan Velasco
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Laia Ramos
- High Content Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Susanna Aussó
- High Content Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - J M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.,Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US
| | - Lluis Puig
- Blood Division, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Perucho
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - David Torrents
- Life Sciences - Computational Genomics, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lauro Sumoy
- High Content Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- GenomesForLife-GCAT Lab Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Crta. de Can Ruti, Badalona, Catalunya, Spain
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21
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Rego de Paula Junior M, Nonino A, Minuncio Nascimento J, Bonadio RS, Pic-Taylor A, de Oliveira SF, Wellerson Pereira R, do Couto Mascarenhas C, Forte Mazzeu J. High Frequency of Copy-Neutral Loss of Heterozygosity in Patients with Myelofibrosis. Cytogenet Genome Res 2018; 154:62-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000487627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is the rarest and most severe type of Philadelphia-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although mutually exclusive driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR that activate JAK-STAT pathway have been related to the pathogenesis of the disease, chromosome abnormalities have also been associated with the phenotype and prognosis of the disease. Here, we report the use of a chromosomal microarray platform consisting of both oligo and SNP probes to improve the detection of chromosome abnormalities in patients with myelofibrosis. Sixteen patients with myelofibrosis were tested, and the results were compared to karyotype analysis. Driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR were investigated by PCR and MLPA. Conventional cytogenetics revealed chromosome abnormalities in 3 out of 16 cases (18.7%), while chromosomal microarray analysis detected copy-number variations (CNV) or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) alterations in 11 out of 16 (68.7%) patients. These included 43 CN-LOH, 14 deletions, 1 trisomy, and 1 duplication. Ten patients showed multiple chromosomal abnormalities, varying from 2 to 13 CNVs or CN-LOHs. Mutational status for JAK2, CALR, and MPL by MLPA revealed a total of 3/16 (18.7%) patients positive for the JAK2 V617F mutation, 9 with CALR deletion or insertion and 1 positive for MPL mutation. Considering that most of the CNVs identified were smaller than the karyotype resolution and the high frequency of CN-LOHs in our study, we propose that chromosomal microarray platforms that combine oligos and SNP should be used as a first-tier genetic test in patients with myelofibrosis.
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22
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Polymorphisms in mitotic checkpoint-related genes can influence survival outcomes of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61777-61785. [PMID: 28977903 PMCID: PMC5617463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the association between variants in mitotic checkpoint-related genes and clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 766 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery were enrolled. Among the 73 variants evaluated, 4 variants were related with survival outcomes. BUB3 rs7897156C>T was associated with worse overall survival under a recessive model (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–2.33, P = 0.02). AURKB rs1059476G>A was associated with better overall survival under a recessive model (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval = 0.41–0.99, P = 0.05). PTTG1 rs1895320T>C and RAD21 rs1374297C>G were associated with worse disease-free survival. In the functional study, relative luciferase activity was higher at the BUB3 rs7897156T allele compared to that at the C allele. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in the AURKB variant-type (M298) was significantly lower than in the AURKB wild-type (T298). We found that 4 variants of mitotic checkpoint-related genes were associated with survival outcomes in patients with surgically resected NSCLC. Particularly, our results suggest that BUB3 rs7897156C>T and AURKB rs1059476G>A are functional variants.
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23
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Kutomi G, Mizuguchi T, Satomi F, Maeda H, Shima H, Kimura Y, Hirata K. Current status of the prognostic molecular biomarkers in breast cancer: A systematic review. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1491-1498. [PMID: 28454281 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers that facilitate the prediction of breast cancer prognosis can improve the quality of life in patients during the long period of illness and treatment. Particularly in recent years, with the advent of a more exhaustive analysis of genetic information and gene products, the molecular mechanisms at play during breast cancer have gradually become clearer. In the present study, a systematic review of the literature between 2009 and 2014 was conducted by searching for the keywords 'breast cancer', 'biomarkers', 'diagnosis', 'prognosis' and 'drug response' to clarify the present state of knowledge regarding biomarkers. In the final analysis, 16 studies on biomarkers for the breast cancer prognosis were retrieved. From these, 7 biomarkers in 9 studies were found to be strongly reliable predictors of prognosis and a further 7 biomarkers in 7 studies were poorly reliable. The use of these prognostic biomarkers should increase the options available for treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Kutomi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Fukino Satomi
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hideki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shima
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
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Investigating the Impact of a Genome-Wide Supported Bipolar Risk Variant of MAD1L1 on the Human Reward System. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2679-87. [PMID: 27184339 PMCID: PMC5026735 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified MAD1L1 (mitotic arrest deficient-like 1) as a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The minor allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11764590 in MAD1L1 was associated with bipolar disorder. Both diseases, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are linked to functional alterations in the reward system. We aimed at investigating possible effects of the MAD1L1 rs11764590 risk allele on reward systems functioning in healthy adults. A large homogenous sample of 224 young (aged 18-31 years) participants was genotyped and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All participants performed the 'Desire-Reason Dilemma' paradigm investigating the neural correlates that underlie reward processing and active reward dismissal in favor of a long-term goal. We found significant hypoactivations of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the bilateral striatum and bilateral frontal and parietal cortices in response to conditioned reward stimuli in the risk allele carriers compared with major allele carriers. In the dilemma situation, functional connectivity between prefrontal brain regions and the ventral striatum was significantly diminished in the risk allele carriers. Healthy risk allele carriers showed a significant deficit of their bottom-up response to conditioned reward stimuli in the bilateral VTA and striatum. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and prefrontal areas exerting top-down control on the mesolimbic reward system was reduced in this group. Similar alterations in reward processing and disturbances of prefrontal control mechanisms on mesolimbic brain circuits have also been reported in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest the existence of an intermediate phenotype associated with MAD1L1.
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Singchat W, Hitakomate E, Rerkarmnuaychoke B, Suntronpong A, Fu B, Bodhisuwan W, Peyachoknagul S, Yang F, Koontongkaew S, Srikulnath K. Genomic Alteration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cell Lines Inferred from Karyotyping, Molecular Cytogenetics, and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160901. [PMID: 27501229 PMCID: PMC4976893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic alteration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was studied in two cell line pairs (HN30-HN31 and HN4-HN12) using conventional C-banding, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). HN30 and HN4 were derived from primary lesions in the pharynx and base of tongue, respectively, and HN31 and HN12 were derived from lymph-node metastatic lesions belonging to the same patients. Gain of chromosome 1, 7, and 11 were shared in almost all cell lines. Hierarchical clustering revealed that HN31 was closely related to HN4, which shared eight chromosome alteration cases. Large C-positive heterochromatins were found in the centromeric region of chromosome 9 in HN31 and HN4, which suggests complex structural amplification of the repetitive sequence. Array CGH revealed amplification of 7p22.3p11.2, 8q11.23q12.1, and 14q32.33 in all cell lines involved with tumorigenesis and inflammation genes. The amplification of 2p21 (SIX3), 11p15.5 (H19), and 11q21q22.3 (MAML2, PGR, TRPC6, and MMP family) regions, and deletion of 9p23 (PTPRD) and 16q23.1 (WWOX) regions were identified in HN31 and HN12. Interestingly, partial loss of PTPRD (9p23) and WWOX (16q23.1) genes was identified in HN31 and HN12, and the level of gene expression tended to be the down-regulation of PTPRD, with no detectable expression of the WWOX gene. This suggests that the scarcity of PTPRD and WWOX genes might have played an important role in progression of HNSCC, and could be considered as a target for cancer therapy or a biomarker in molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapong Singchat
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Hitakomate
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Rerkarmnuaychoke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Aorarat Suntronpong
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Winai Bodhisuwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
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26
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Su L, Shen T, Huang G, Long J, Fan J, Ling W, Jiang J. Genetic association of GWAS-supported MAD1L1 gene polymorphism rs12666575 with schizophrenia susceptibility in a Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2015; 610:98-103. [PMID: 26528791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability. A recent European genome-wide association study has reported that mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (MAD1L1) polymorphism rs12666575 is associated with SCZ susceptibility. This study aims to test the association of MAD1L1 variant rs12666575 with SCZ susceptibility in a Chinese population. A total of 1400 participants, which include 700 SCZ patients and 700 sex- and age-matched controls (Zhuang: 300, Han: 400, respectively), were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. 591 SCZ patients underwent positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) assessment. Genetic association analysis was performed using the PLINK program. The results showed MAD1L1 rs12666575 polymorphism was significantly associated with SCZ susceptibility in the recessive model (p(adj)=0.013). Also, rs12666575 was significantly associated with general psychopathology sub-scale score (p(adj)=0.043) and thought disturbance factor score (p(adj)=0.045). Our data suggested that MAD1L1 rs12666575 polymorphism may play a protective role against SCZ in the Chinese population. Furthermore, rs12666575 may be associated with general psychopathology and thought disturbance in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Tingting Shen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guifeng Huang
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianxiong Long
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyuan Fan
- Pre-Clinical Faculty of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weijun Ling
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 is correlated with poor prognosis in small-cell lung cancer after surgical resection. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4393-8. [PMID: 26499943 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic arrest deficient-like 1 (MAD1L1) whose dysfunction is associated with chromosomal instability plays a pathogenic role in a few human cancers. However, the status of MAD1L1 expression in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unknown. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of MAD1L1 protein in 32 lymph node metastasis (LN-M) tissues and 88 primary SCLCs compared with 32 adjacent noncancerous tissues. The associations of MAD1L1 protein expression with the clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes in patients with SCLC were analyzed. The ratio of MAD1L1 positive expression was higher in primary SCLC tissues (39.8 %) and LN-M tissues (46.9 %) compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (9.4 %). MAD1L1 positive expression was associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.003), International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) stage (P = 0.004), tumor size (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.014), and recurrence (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that MAD1L1 positive expression was an independent factor for overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 2.002; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.065-3.763; P = 0.031) and recurrence-free survival (HR 2.263; 95 % CI 1.197-4.276; P = 0.012). To sum up, MAD1L1 positive expression may be associated with tumour progression and metastasis in SCLCs and may thus serve as a new biomarker for prognosis in these patients.
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Cui C, Lu Z, Yang L, Gao Y, Liu W, Gu L, Yang C, Wilson J, Zhang Z, Xing B, Deng D, Sun ZS. Genome-wide identification of differential methylation between primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1163-74. [PMID: 26138747 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Cui
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - Zheming Lu
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - Liu Yang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Surgery; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - Chen Yang
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - James Wilson
- GRU Cancer Center; Georgia Regents University; Augusta Georgia
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- GRU Cancer Center; Georgia Regents University; Augusta Georgia
| | - Baocai Xing
- Department of Surgery; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Division of Cancer Etiology; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education; Peking University Cancer Hospital Institute; Beijing China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Thompson MJ, Rubbi L, Dawson DW, Donahue TR, Pellegrini M. Pancreatic cancer patient survival correlates with DNA methylation of pancreas development genes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128814. [PMID: 26039411 PMCID: PMC4454596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark associated with regulation of transcription and genome structure. These markers have been investigated in a variety of cancer settings for their utility in differentiating normal tissue from tumor tissue. Here, we examine the direct correlation between DNA methylation and patient survival. We find that changes in the DNA methylation of key pancreatic developmental genes are strongly associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Thompson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - David W. Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Donahue
- Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Karsli-Ceppioglu S, Ngollo M, Adjakly M, Dagdemir A, Judes G, Lebert A, Boiteux JP, Penault-LLorca F, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. Genome-wide DNA methylation modified by soy phytoestrogens: role for epigenetic therapeutics in prostate cancer? OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:209-19. [PMID: 25831061 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, DNA methylation is significantly associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Previous studies have suggested that soy phytoestrogens might regulate DNA methylation at individual candidate gene loci and that they play a crucial role as potential therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. The purpose of our study was to examine the modulation effects of phytoestrogens on a genome-wide scale in regards to DNA methylation in prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and LNCaP were treated with 40 μM of genistein and 110 μM of daidzein. DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine (2 μM) and the methylating agent budesonide (2 μM) were used to compare their demethylation/methylation effects with phytoestrogens. The regulatory effects of phytoestrogens on DNA methylation were analyzed by using a methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation method coupled with Human DNA Methylation Microarrays (MeDIP-chip). We observed that the methylation profiles of 58 genes were altered by genistein and daidzein treatments in DU-145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In addition, the methylation frequencies of the MAD1L1, TRAF7, KDM4B, and hTERT genes were remarkably modified by genistein treatment. Our results suggest that the modulation effects of phytoestrogens on DNA methylation essentially lead to inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Genome-wide methylation profiling reported here suggests that epigenetic regulation mechanisms and, by extension, epigenetics-driven novel therapeutic candidates warrant further consideration in future "omics" studies of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Karsli-Ceppioglu
- 1 Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin-CBRV , Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Mehta J, Asthana S, Mandal CC, Saxena S. A molecular analysis provides novel insights into androgen receptor signalling in breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120622. [PMID: 25781993 PMCID: PMC4364071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen Receptor (AR) is an essential transcription factor for the development of secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis and carcinogenesis. Recently AR has been implicated in the development and progression of breast and prostate cancers. Although some of the functions of the AR are known but the mechanistic details of these divergent processes are still not clear. Therefore understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the functioning of the AR in ER-/AR+ breast cancer will provide many novel targets for the purpose of therapeutic intervention. METHODS/RESULTS Using bioinformatics tools, we have identified 75 AR targets having prominent roles in cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. Herein, we validated 10 genes as AR targets by studying the regulation of these genes in MDA-MB-453 cell line on stimulation by androgens like 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), using RT-qPCR and ChIP assay. It was observed that all the identified genes involved in cell cycle except MAD1L1 were found to be up regulated whereas expression of apoptosis related genes was decreased in response to DHT treatment. We performed an exhaustive, rigid-body docking between individual ARE and DNA binding domain (DBD) of the AR protein and it was found that novel residues K567, K588, K591 and R592 are involved in the process of DNA binding. To verify these specific DNA-protein interactions electrostatic energy term calculations for each residue was determined using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Our experimental data showed that treatment of breast cancer cells with DHT promotes cell proliferation and decreases apoptosis. It was observed that bicalutamide treatment was able to reverse the effect of DHT. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanism by which AR promotes breast cancer progression. Moreover our work proposes to use bicalutamide along with taxanes as novel therapy for the treatment of TNBCs, which are positive for downstream AR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Mehta
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Silva AG, Krepischi ACV, Pearson PL, Hainaut P, Rosenberg C, Achatz MI. The profile and contribution of rare germline copy number variants to cancer risk in Li-Fraumeni patients negative for TP53 mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:63. [PMID: 24775443 PMCID: PMC4022048 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an inherited rare cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by a variety of early-onset tumors. Although germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 account for over 50% of the families matching LFS criteria, the lack of TP53 mutation in a significant proportion of LFS families, suggests that other types of inherited alterations must contribute to their cancer susceptibility. Recently, increases in copy number variation (CNV) have been reported in LFS individuals, and are also postulated to contribute to LFS phenotypic variability. Methods Seventy probands from families fulfilling clinical criteria for either Li-Fraumeni or Li-Fraumeni-like (LFS/LFL) syndromes and negative for TP53 mutations were screened for germline CNVs. Results We found a significantly increased number of rare CNVs, which were smaller in size and presented higher gene density compared to the control group. These data were similar to the findings we reported previously on a cohort of patients with germline TP53 mutations, showing that LFS/LFL patients, regardless of their TP53 status, also share similar CNV profiles. Conclusion These results, in conjunction with our previous analyses, suggest that both TP53-negative and positive LFS/LFL patients present a broad spectrum of germline genetic alterations affecting multiple loci, and that the genetic basis of LFS/LFL predisposition or penetrance in many cases might reside in germline transmission of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277-05422-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sze KMF, Chu GKY, Mak QHY, Lee JMF, Ng IOL. Proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) is a novel interacting partner of MAD1 and has a suppressive role in mitotic checkpoint signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pathol 2014; 233:51-60. [PMID: 24374861 DOI: 10.1002/path.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Loss of mitotic checkpoint of cells contributes to chromosomal instability and leads to carcinogenesis. Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1) is a key component in mitotic checkpoint signalling. In this study, we identified a novel MAD1 interacting partner, proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1), using yeast-two hybrid screening, and investigated its role in mitotic checkpoint signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We demonstrated the physical interaction of PRAP1 with MAD1 and of PRAP1 with MAD1 isoform MAD1β, using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, stable expression of PRAP1 in mitotic checkpoint-competent HCC cells, BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721, induced impairment of the mitotic checkpoint (p < 0.01), formation of chromosome bridges (p < 0.01) and aberrant chromosome numbers (p < 0.001). Interestingly, ectopic expression PRAP1 in HCC cells led to significant under-expression of MAD1. In human HCC tumours, 40.4% (23/57) of HCCs showed under-expression of PRAP1 protein as compared with their corresponding non-tumorous livers; up-regulation of MAD1 protein was significantly associated with down-regulation of PRAP1 (p = 0.030). Our data revealed that PRAP1 is a protein interacting partner of MAD1 and that PRAP1 is able to down-regulate MAD1 and suppress mitotic checkpoint signalling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Man-Fong Sze
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong; Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
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The MAD1 1673 G → A polymorphism alters the function of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and is associated with a worse response to induction chemotherapy and sensitivity to treatment in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:190-9. [PMID: 23407047 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32835ea08a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), a protein of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), recognizes MAD2 through two leucine zippers, transporting and activating MAD2, which promotes a metaphase arrest signal. A single nucleotide polymorphism of MAD1 was found to affect the SAC function that could be involved in a poor response to therapeutic agents that alter the dynamics of microtubules. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the polymorphism MAD1 1673 G → A (rs1801368) with the efficiency of the SAC and the generation of aneuploidies and with the therapeutic response of patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS The polymorphism was evaluated in 144 healthy individuals and 91 patients. Mitotic arrest and the presence of errors in segregation were analyzed in cultured human lymphocytes treated with nocodazole and paclitaxel. Errors in segregation were also evaluated in 27 biopsies of patients. RESULTS Allele frequencies in healthy individuals were G: 50%, A: 50%, whereas in the patients they were G: 38%, A: 62% (P<0.05). The percentage of cells with mitotic arrest was higher among GG cells (P<0.05). The frequency of micronuclei and nondisjunction events increased in AA cells (P<0.05). Tumors from polymorphic patients had a higher percentage of aneuploid cells (P<0.05). The GG patients showed a higher biochemical response, optimal cytoreduction, and sensitivity to the treatment. There were no differences in progression-free or overall survival between both groups. CONCLUSION The polymorphism MAD1 1673 G → A affects SAC functionality, increasing the frequency of aneuploid cells. This polymorphism modifies the response to agents that alter the dynamics of microtubules in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Wang X, Pan L, Mao N, Sun L, Qin X, Yin J. Cell-cycle synchronization reverses Taxol resistance of human ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:77. [PMID: 23899403 PMCID: PMC3751242 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taxol is a powerful chemotherapy agent leading to mitotic arrest and cell death; however, its clinical efficacy has been hampered due to the development of drug resistance. Taxol specifically targets the cell cycle. Progress through mitosis (M stage) is an absolute requirement for drug-induced death because cell death is markedly reduced in cells blocked at the G1-S transition. The measured doubling time for ovarian cancer cells is about 27 h. As such, during treatment with Taxol most of the cells are not in the M stage of the cell cycle. Thus, the effect of cell-cycle synchronization was investigated in regard to reversing Taxol resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Methods Giemsa-Wright staining was used for assessing the morphology of the cells. The doubling time of the cells was calculated using formula as follows: Td = In2/slope. The resistant index and cell cycle were measured via MTT assays and flow cytometry. Thymidine was used to induce cell-cycle synchronization, and cell apoptosis rates following exposure to Taxol were measured using a flow cytometer. Results The growth doubling time of two Taxol-resistant cell lines were longer than that of Taxol-sensitive cells. Apoptotic rates in Taxol-sensitive and -resistant cell lines after synchronization and exposure to Taxol were all higher compared to unsynchronized controls (p <0.05). Conclusions Synchronization of the cell-cycle resulted in an increased effectiveness of Taxol toward ovarian cancer cell lines. We speculated that formation of drug resistance toward Taxol in ovarian cancer could be partly attributed to the longer doubling time of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China.
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Sun Q, Zhang X, Liu T, Liu X, Geng J, He X, Liu Y, Pang D. Increased expression of Mitotic Arrest Deficient-Like 1 (MAD1L1) is associated with poor prognosis and insensitive to Taxol treatment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:323-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Richards EG, Zaveri HP, Wolf VL, Kang SHL, Scott DA. Delineation of a less than 200 kb minimal deleted region for cardiac malformations on chromosome 7p22. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1729-34. [PMID: 21671376 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac malformations are commonly seen in individuals with terminal and interstitial deletions involving chromosome band 7p22. Although these malformations represent a significant cause of morbidity, the dosage-sensitive gene(s) that underlie these defects have yet to be identified. In this report, we describe a 16-month-old male with tetralogy of Fallot, bilateral second branchial arch remnants, and mild dysmorphic features. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed a less than 400 kb interstitial deletion on chromosome 7p22. The deletion was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and FISH analyses and was not detected in samples obtained from the child's parents. Molecular data from this de novo deletion, in combination with data from other isolated 7p deletions in the literature, can be used to define a less than 200 kb minimal deleted region for cardiac malformations on 7p22. This minimal deleted region spans all, or portions, of the coding regions of four known genes-MAD1L1, FTSJ2, NUDT1, and SNX8-and may include upstream regulatory elements of EIF3B. It is likely that one or more of these five genes, alone or in combination, plays an important, yet previously uncharacterized, role in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott G Richards
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Barbosa J, Nascimento AV, Faria J, Silva P, Bousbaa H. The spindle assembly checkpoint: perspectives in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-011-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bosco N, Pelliccia F, Rocchi A. Characterization of FRA7B, a human common fragile site mapped at the 7p chromosome terminal region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 202:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schvartzman JM, Sotillo R, Benezra R. Mitotic chromosomal instability and cancer: mouse modelling of the human disease. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:102-15. [PMID: 20094045 PMCID: PMC5526619 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise progression from an early dysplastic lesion to full-blown metastatic malignancy is associated with increases in genomic instability. Mitotic chromosomal instability - the inability to faithfully segregate equal chromosome complements to two daughter cells during mitosis - is a widespread phenomenon in solid tumours that is thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression. How chromosome instability (CIN) arises in tumours and what consequences it has are still, however, hotly debated issues. Here we review the recent literature with an emphasis on models that recapitulate observations from human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Schvartzman
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Niikura Y, Ogi H, Kikuchi K, Kitagawa K. BUB3 that dissociates from BUB1 activates caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1011-24. [PMID: 20057499 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell death mechanism that prevents aneuploidy caused by a failure of the spindle checkpoint has recently emerged as an important regulatory paradigm. We previously identified a new type of mitotic cell death, termed caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD), which is induced during early mitosis by partial BUB1 (a spindle checkpoint protein) depletion and defects in kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In this study, we have shown that survived cells that escape CIMD have abnormal nuclei, and we have determined the molecular mechanism by which BUB1 depletion activates CIMD. The BUB3 protein (a BUB1 interactor and a spindle checkpoint protein) interacts with p73 (a homolog of p53), specifically in cells wherein CIMD occurs. The BUB3 protein that is freed from BUB1 associates with p73 on which Y99 is phosphorylated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of CIMD. These results strongly support the hypothesis that CIMD is the cell death mechanism protecting cells from aneuploidy by inducing the death of cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niikura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Romanov MN, Tuttle EM, Houck ML, Modi WS, Chemnick LG, Korody ML, Mork EMS, Otten CA, Renner T, Jones KC, Dandekar S, Papp JC, Da Y, Green ED, Magrini V, Hickenbotham MT, Glasscock J, McGrath S, Mardis ER, Ryder OA. The value of avian genomics to the conservation of wildlife. BMC Genomics 2009; 10 Suppl 2:S10. [PMID: 19607652 PMCID: PMC2966331 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-s2-s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic studies in non-domestic avian models, such as the California condor and white-throated sparrow, can lead to more comprehensive conservation plans and provide clues for understanding mechanisms affecting genetic variation, adaptation and evolution. Developing genomic tools and resources including genomic libraries and a genetic map of the California condor is a prerequisite for identification of candidate loci for a heritable embryonic lethal condition. The white-throated sparrow exhibits a stable genetic polymorphism (i.e. chromosomal rearrangements) associated with variation in morphology, physiology, and behavior (e.g., aggression, social behavior, sexual behavior, parental care). In this paper we outline the utility of these species as well as report on recent advances in the study of their genomes. Results Genotyping of the condor resource population at 17 microsatellite loci provided a better assessment of the current population's genetic variation. Specific New World vulture repeats were found in the condor genome. Using condor BAC library and clones, chicken-condor comparative maps were generated. A condor fibroblast cell line transcriptome was characterized using the 454 sequencing technology. Our karyotypic analyses of the sparrow in combination with other studies indicate that the rearrangements in both chromosomes 2m and 3a are complex and likely involve multiple inversions, interchromosomal linkage, and pleiotropy. At least a portion of the rearrangement in chromosome 2m existed in the common ancestor of the four North American species of Zonotrichia, but not in the one South American species, and that the 2m form, originally thought to be the derived condition, might actually be the ancestral one. Conclusion Mining and characterization of candidate loci in the California condor using molecular genetic and genomic techniques as well as linkage and comparative genomic mapping will eventually enable the identification of carriers of the chondrodystrophy allele, resulting in improved genetic management of this disease. In the white-throated sparrow, genomic studies, combined with ecological data, will help elucidate the basis of genic selection in a natural population. Morphs of the sparrow provide us with a unique opportunity to study intraspecific genomic differences, which have resulted from two separate yet linked evolutionary trajectories. Such results can transform our understanding of evolutionary and conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Romanov
- Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo's Institute for Conservation Research, Zoological Society of San Diego, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
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Sze KMF, Ching YP, Jin DY, Ng IOL. Role of a novel splice variant of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), MAD1beta, in mitotic checkpoint control in liver cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:9194-201. [PMID: 19010891 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of mitotic checkpoint contributes to chromosomal instability, leading to carcinogenesis. In this study, we identified a novel splicing variant of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), designated MAD1beta, and investigated its role in mitotic checkpoint control in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of human MAD1beta were examined in hepatoma cell lines and human HCC samples. The functional roles of MAD1beta in relation to the mitotic checkpoint control, chromosomal instability, and binding with MAD2 were assessed in hepatoma cell lines. On sequencing, MAD1beta was found to have deletion of exon 4. It was expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the nine hepatoma cell lines tested and was overexpressed in 12 of 50 (24%) human HCCs. MAD1beta localized in the cytoplasm, whereas MAD1alpha was found in the nucleus. This cytoplasmic localization of MAD1beta was due to the absence of a nuclear localization signal in MAD1alpha. In addition, MAD1beta was found to physically interact with MAD2 and sequester it in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, expression of MAD1beta induced mitotic checkpoint impairment, chromosome bridge formation, and aberrant chromosome numbers via binding with MAD2. Our data suggest that the novel splicing variant MAD1beta may have functions different from those of MAD1alpha and may play opposing roles to MAD1alpha in mitotic checkpoint control in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Man-Fong Sze
- Liver Cancer and Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Foijer F, Draviam VM, Sorger PK. Studying chromosome instability in the mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:73-82. [PMID: 18706976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy has long been recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. It nonetheless remains uncertain whether aneuploidy occurring early in the development of a cancer is a primary cause of oncogenic transformation, or whether it is an epiphenomenon that arises from a general breakdown in cell cycle control late in tumorigenesis. The accuracy of chromosome segregation is ensured both by the intrinsic mechanics of mitosis and by an error-checking spindle assembly checkpoint. Many cancers show altered expression of proteins involved in the spindle checkpoint or in proteins implicated in other mitotic processes. To understand the role of aneuploidy in the initiation and progression of cancer, a number of spindle checkpoint genes have been disrupted in mice, most through conventional gene targeting (to create germ-line knockouts). We describe the consequence of these mutations with respect to embryonic development, tumor progression and an unexpected link to premature aging; readers are referred elsewhere [1] for a discussion of other cell cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Foijer
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nam CW, Park NH, Park BR, Shin JW, Jung SW, Na YW, Seo JH. Mitotic checkpoint gene MAD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with tumor recurrence after surgical resection. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:567-71. [PMID: 18491369 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underlying mechanism of mitotic checkpoint gene mitosis arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely known. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied genetic change of the MAD1 gene as well as protein expression in 44 HCC and their associated non-cancerous surrounding liver tissues. RESULTS Genotype AG of MAD1 G-1849 A promoter was highly significant in microscopic vascular invasion than other genotypes (P = 0.006). Moreover, the mean tumor size of HCC with genotype AG (7.71 cm) was significantly larger than those of other genotypes (AA, 4.41 cm; GG, 4.59 cm; P = 0.033). After a median follow-up of 22 months, 18 (41%) of the 44 patients relapsed. Eleven (32.4%) of 34 with MAD1 protein expression and 7 (70%) of 10 with no expression of MAD1 protein showed tumor recurrence. The incidence of tumor recurrence in patients with the lost MAD1 expression was significantly higher than in those with the expressed MAD1 protein (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION These results suggest that MAD1 promoter genotype may be involved in tumor progression. Moreover, the loss of MAD1 protein expression may be related to the tumor recurrence after surgical resection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Nam
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Ulsan, Korea
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Anway MD, Skinner MK. Transgenerational effects of the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin on the prostate transcriptome and adult onset disease. Prostate 2008; 68:517-29. [PMID: 18220299 PMCID: PMC5940006 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability of an endocrine disruptor exposure during gonadal sex determination to promote a transgenerational prostate disease phenotype was investigated in the current study. METHODS Exposure of an F0 gestating female rat to the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin during F1 embryo gonadal sex determination promoted a transgenerational adult onset prostate disease phenotype. The prostate disease phenotype and physiological parameters were determined for males from F1 to F4 generations and the prostate transcriptome was assessed in the F3 generation. RESULTS Although the prostate in prepubertal animals develops normally, abnormalities involving epithelial cell atrophy, glandular dysgenesis, prostatitis, and hyperplasia of the ventral prostate develop in older animals. The ventral prostate phenotype was transmitted for four generations (F1-F4). Analysis of the ventral prostate transcriptome demonstrated 954 genes had significantly altered expression between control and vinclozolin F3 generation animals. Analysis of isolated ventral prostate epithelial cells identified 259 genes with significantly altered expression between control and vinclozolin F3 generation animals. Characterization of regulated genes demonstrated several cellular pathways were influenced, including calcium and WNT. A number of genes identified have been shown to be associated with prostate disease and cancer, including beta-microseminoprotein (Msp) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 6 (Fadd). CONCLUSIONS The ability of an endocrine disruptor to promote transgenerational prostate abnormalities appears to involve an epigenetic transgenerational alteration in the prostate transcriptome and male germ-line. Potential epigenetic transgenerational alteration of prostate gene expression by environmental compounds may be important to consider in the etiology of adult onset prostate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Anway
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4231, USA
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Doak SH. Aneuploidy in upper gastro-intestinal tract cancers--a potential prognostic marker? Mutat Res 2007; 651:93-104. [PMID: 18093868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability manifesting as aneuploidy is the most frequently observed abnormality in solid tumours. However, the role of aneuploidy as a cause or consequence of cancer remains a controversial topic. In this review, we focus on the karyotypic imbalances recorded for cancers of the upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, together with their associated pre-malignant lesions and the potential of aneuploidy as a clinical tool for patient management. Numeric chromosomal aberrations are common throughout gastro-oesophageal cancers and their precursor lesions. Additionally, specific chromosomal aneusomies have been identified as early changes in pre-dysplastic tissues suggesting they may be actively involved in driving tumourigenesis. As a progressive increase in the severity of aneuploidy with neoplastic progression has also been observed, it has thus been shown to be a useful prognostic indicator for patient classification as low or high-risk cases for cancer development. However, the biological basis for the aneuploidy in cancers of the upper GI tract needs to be established to understand its consequences and role during carcinogenesis, which is necessary for improving diagnostics and establishing novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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Osaki M, Inoue T, Yamaguchi S, Inaba A, Tokuyasu N, Jeang KT, Oshimura M, Ito H. MAD1 (mitotic arrest deficiency 1) is a candidate for a tumor suppressor gene in human stomach. Virchows Arch 2007; 451:771-9. [PMID: 17674037 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is a component of the spindle checkpoint factors that monitor fidelity of chromosomal segregation. We previously confirmed that the level of MAD1 protein was decreased in gastric carcinoma compared with non-tumoral mucosa by conducting proteome-based analyses (Nishigaki R, Osaki M, Hiratsuka M, Toda T, Murakami K, Jeang KT, Ito H, Inoue T, Oshimura M, Proteomics 5:3205-3213, 29). In this study, an immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine MAD1 expression histologically in gastric mucosa and tumor. MAD1 was detected in the supranuclear portion of normal epithelial, intestinal metaplasia, and adenoma cells, but its expression was not restricted to any specific area in carcinoma cells. Lower levels of expression were noted in 16 (47.1%) of 34 adenomas and in 52 (60.5%) of 86 carcinomas, whereas all normal mucosae and intestinal metaplasias were grouped into cases with higher level of expression. Moreover, the expression of MAD1 was significantly lower in advanced carcinomas than early carcinomas and in intestinal than diffuse type, respectively (P < 0.05). Exogenous expression of wild-type MAD1, but not the mutant MAD1, inhibited cell proliferation and resulted in G2/M accumulation in MKN-1, a gastric carcinoma cell line. Taken together, our findings suggest that the MAD1 gene could be a candidate tumor suppressor gene and that down-regulation of MAD1 expression contribute to tumorigenesis in human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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Stewart M, Mackay N, Hanlon L, Blyth K, Scobie L, Cameron E, Neil JC. Insertional mutagenesis reveals progression genes and checkpoints in MYC/Runx2 lymphomas. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5126-33. [PMID: 17545590 PMCID: PMC2562448 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have exploited the power of insertional mutagenesis to elucidate tumor progression pathways in mice carrying two oncogenes (MYC/Runx2) that collaborate to drive early lymphoma development. Neonatal infection of these mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus resulted in accelerated tumor onset with associated increases in clonal complexity and lymphoid dissemination. Large-scale analysis of retroviral integration sites in these tumors revealed a profound bias towards a narrow range of target genes, including Jdp2 (Jundm2), D cyclin, and Pim family genes. Remarkably, direct PCR analysis of integration hotspots revealed that every progressing tumor consisted of multiple clones harboring hits at these loci, giving access to large numbers of independent insertion events and uncovering the contrasting mutagenic mechanisms operating at each target gene. Direct PCR analysis showed that high-frequency targeting occurs only in the tumor environment in vivo and is specific for the progression gene set. These results indicate that early lymphomas in MYC/Runx2 mice remain dependent on exogenous growth signals, and that progression can be achieved by constitutive activation of pathways converging on a cell cycle checkpoint that acts as the major rate-limiting step for lymphoma outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Stewart
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Niikura Y, Dixit A, Scott R, Perkins G, Kitagawa K. BUB1 mediation of caspase-independent mitotic death determines cell fate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:283-96. [PMID: 17620410 PMCID: PMC2064447 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200702134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint that monitors kinetochore–microtubule attachment has been implicated in tumorigenesis; however, the relation between the spindle checkpoint and cell death remains obscure. In BUB1-deficient (but not MAD2-deficient) cells, conditions that activate the spindle checkpoint (i.e., cold shock or treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG) induced DNA fragmentation during early mitosis. This mitotic cell death was independent of caspase activation; therefore, we named it caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). CIMD depends on p73, a homologue of p53, but not on p53. CIMD also depends on apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G, which are effectors of caspase-independent cell death. Treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG induced CIMD in cell lines derived from colon tumors with chromosome instability, but not in cells from colon tumors with microsatellite instability. This result was due to low BUB1 expression in the former cell lines. When BUB1 is completely depleted, aneuploidy rather than CIMD occurs. These results suggest that cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation might be eliminated via CIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Niikura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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