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Bai L, Tani T, Kobayashi T, Nouda R, Kanai Y, Sano Y, Takami K, Tomita H, Sugano E, Ozaki T, Kiyono T, Fukuda T. Establishment of immortalized Egyptian Rousettus bat cell lines. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:598-612. [PMID: 38373743 PMCID: PMC10988675 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian Rousettus bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a common fruit bat species that is distributed mainly in Africa and the Middle East. Bats serve as reservoir hosts for numerous pathogens. Human activities, such as hunting bats for food, managing vermin, and causing habitat loss, elevate the likelihood of transmission of bat pathogens to humans and other animals. Consequently, bat cell lines play a crucial role as research materials for investigating viral pathogens. However, the inherent limitation of finite cell division in primary cells necessitates the use of immortalized cells derived from various bat tissues. Herein, we successfully established six fibroblast cell lines derived from an infant bat heart and lungs and an elderly bat heart. Three of the six cell lines, called K4DT cells, were transduced by a combination of cell cycle regulators, mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The other three cell lines, named SV40 cells, were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen. Transgene protein expression was detected in the transduced cells. All three K4DT cell lines and one lung-derived SV40 cell line were virtually immortalized and nearly maintained the normal diploid karyotypes. However, the two other heart-derived SV40 cell lines had aberrant karyotypes and the young bat-derived cell line stopped proliferating at approximately 40 population doublings. These bat cell lines are valuable for studying pathogen genomics and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Bai
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of AgricultureKindai UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityJapan
| | - Yusuke Sano
- Local Independent Administrative Agency Tennoji Zoological GardensOsakaJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Takami
- Osaka Municipal Tennoji Zoological GardensJapan
- Present address:
*Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical ParkToyohashiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial CenterNational Cancer CenterChibaJapan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringIwate UniversityJapan
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El Zarif T, Machaalani M, Nawfal R, Nassar AH, Xie W, Choueiri TK, Pomerantz M. TERT Promoter Mutations Frequency Across Race, Sex, and Cancer Type. Oncologist 2024; 29:8-14. [PMID: 37462445 PMCID: PMC10769781 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutations have been explored, as biomarkers of improved survival for patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We sought to investigate their prevalence by race and sex across different cancer types to inform patient selection in clinical trials. RESULTS In this observational study, 31 925 patients with cancer underwent next-generation sequencing of their tumors with 88% (27 970) patients self-reported being Whites, 7.1% (2273) Asians, and 5.3% (1682) Blacks. Examining the distribution of TERT promoter mutations by race, White patients with melanoma harbored more TERT promoter mutations than Asian and Black patients (OR = 25.83; 95%CI, 6.84-217.42; P < .001). In contrast, Asian patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) harbored more TERT promoter mutations compared to White patients (OR = 2.47; 95%CI, 1.39-4.37; P = .004). In addition, the distribution of TERT promoter mutations differed by sex. Males were enriched for TERT gene promoter mutations compared to females with melanoma (OR = 1.82; 95%CI, 1.53-2.16; P < .001), cancer of unknown primary (OR = 1.96; 95%CI, 1.43-2.69; P < .001), hepatobiliary (OR = 3.89; 95%CI, 2.65-5.69; P < .001), and thyroid cancers (OR = 1.42; 95%CI, 1.10-1.84; P = .0087), while females were more enriched for TERT promoter mutations compared to males for HNC (OR = 0.56; 95%CI, 0.39-0.81; P = .0021). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of TERT gene promoter mutations varies among patients with cancer based on race and sex. These findings inform our understanding of cancer biology and can assist in the design of future clinical trials that leverage drugs targeting TERT promoter dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal El Zarif
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc Machaalani
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rashad Nawfal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amin H Nassar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wanling Xie
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Shi Y, Feng Y, Wang Q, Dong G, Xia W, Jiang F. The Role of tRNA-Centered Translational Regulatory Mechanisms in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 38201505 PMCID: PMC10778012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While numerous factors have been identified as contributing to the development of malignancy, our understanding of the mechanisms involved remains limited. Early cancer detection and the development of effective treatments are therefore critical areas of research. One class of molecules that play a crucial role in the transmission of genetic information are transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are the most abundant RNA molecules in the human transcriptome. Dysregulated synthesis of tRNAs directly results in translation disorders and diseases, including cancer. Moreover, various types of tRNA modifications and the enzymes responsible for these modifications have been implicated in tumor biology. Furthermore, alterations in tRNA modification can impact tRNA stability, and impaired stability can prompt the cleavage of tRNAs into smaller fragments known as tRNA fragments (tRFs). Initially believed to be random byproducts lacking any physiological function, tRFs have now been redefined as non-coding RNA molecules with distinct roles in regulating RNA stability, translation, target gene expression, and other biological processes. In this review, we present recent findings on translational regulatory models centered around tRNAs in tumors, providing a deeper understanding of tumorigenesis and suggesting new directions for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
- The Fourth Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yipeng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
- The Fourth Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qinglin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
- The Fourth Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.); (G.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, China
- The Fourth Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Saretzki G. Measuring telomerase activity using TRAP assays. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 181:127-149. [PMID: 38302235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that consists of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein and the telomerase RNA component TERC which also harbors the template region for telomere synthesis. In its canonical function the enzyme adds single-stranded telomeric hexanucleotides de novo to the ends of linear chromosomes, telomeres, in telomerase-positive cells such as germline, stem- and cancer cells. This potential biochemical activity of telomerase can be measured with the help of a telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) which often includes a PCR amplification due to the low abundance of telomerase in most cells and tissues. The current chapter describes various TRAP methods to detect telomerase activity (TA) using gel-based methods, its advantages and deficits, how to perform an ELISA-based TRAP assay and how best to interpret its results. Since development of the TRAP assay in 1994, there have been numerous modifications and adaptations of the method from real-time PCR analysis, isothermal amplification and nanotechnology to CRISPR/Cas-based methods which will be briefly mentioned. However, it is not possible to cover all different TRAP methods and thus there is no comprehensiveness claimed by this chapter. Instead, the author describes various aspects of using TRAP assays including required controls, sample preparation, etc. in order to avoid pitfalls and set-backs in applying this rather complex and demanding technique. The TRAP assay is particularly important to support clinical diagnosis of cancer, analyze tumor therapy as well as to evaluate various approaches to inhibit TA as a form of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Saretzki
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Three-dimensional fractal dimension and lacunarity features may noninvasively predict TERT promoter mutation status in grade 2 meningiomas. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276342. [PMID: 36264940 PMCID: PMC9584385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2021 World Health Organization classification includes telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutation status as a factor for differentiating meningioma grades. Therefore, preoperative prediction of TERTp mutation may assist in clinical decision making. However, no previous study has applied fractal analysis for TERTp mutation status prediction in meningiomas. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of three-dimensional (3D) fractal analysis for predicting the TERTp mutation status in grade 2 meningiomas. METHODS Forty-eight patients with surgically confirmed grade 2 meningiomas (41 TERTp-wildtype and 7 TERTp-mutant) were included. 3D fractal dimension (FD) and lacunarity values were extracted from the fractal analysis. A predictive model combining clinical, conventional, and fractal parameters was built using logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the ability of the model to predict TERTp mutation status. RESULTS Patients with TERTp-mutant grade 2 meningiomas were older (P = 0.029) and had higher 3D FD (P = 0.026) and lacunarity (P = 0.004) values than patients with TERTp-wildtype grade 2 meningiomas. On multivariable logistic analysis, higher 3D FD values (odds ratio = 32.50, P = 0.039) and higher 3D lacunarity values (odds ratio = 20.54, P = 0.014) were significant predictors of TERTp mutation status. The area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the multivariable model were 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.71-0.93), 83.3%, 71.4%, and 85.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION 3D FD and lacunarity may be useful imaging biomarkers for predicting TERTp mutation status in grade 2 meningiomas.
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Zhu X, Xu T, Zhu J. The regulatory function of tandem repeat VNTR2-1 in hTERT gene involves basic Helix-loop-helix family transcription factors. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:338-349. [PMID: 34115413 PMCID: PMC9648534 DOI: 10.1002/em.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomere end sequence. The expression of hTERT gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, is restricted to highly proliferative tissues and is undetectable in most somatic cells. Abnormal activation of hTERT gene is found in 90% of human tumors. Previously, we identified tandem repeat of 42-bp/unit, VNTR2-1, in intron 2 of the hTERT gene, as a novel regulatory element important for hTERT transcription in cancer cells. In the current study, we found that multiple 42-bp repeats of VNTR2-1 activated luciferase gene in reporter plasmids. Mutation of the predicted cis-regulatory elements within the 42-bp repeats, including a E-box motif, resulted in a partial or complete loss of its enhancer activity. Moreover, MYC family proteins, c-MYC, MAX, and MNT, regulated hTERT gene transcription through both VNTR2-1 and E-boxes at the proximal hTERT promoter. Chromatin segmentation analysis of published ChIP-sequencing data from K562 cells indicated that VNTR2-1 was a bivalent enhancer. In telomerase-expressing human melanoma cell line MelJuSo, deletion of VNTR2-1 caused the hTERT promoter chromatin status to change from an active state to a repressed state, accompanied by increases of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 marks. Therefore, we provided additional evidence for VNTR2-1 as a functional regulatory element that regulated hTERT expression by MYC family transcription factors. These results have improved our knowledge on the functions of repetitive genomic DNAs and the regulatory mechanisms of human telomerase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiyue Zhu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 1-509-368-6565; Fax: 1-509-368-6561; ; 412E Spokane Falls Blvd, PBS323, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Khattar E. External environmental agents influence telomere length and telomerase activity by modulating internal cellular processes: Implications in human aging. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103633. [PMID: 33711516 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
External environment affects cellular physiological processes and impact the stability of our genome. The most important structural components of our linear chromosomes which endure the impact by these agents, are the chromosomal ends called telomeres. Telomeres preserve the integrity of our genome by preventing end to end fusions and telomeric loss through by inhibiting DNA damage response (DDR) activation. This is accomplished by the presence of a six membered shelterin complex at telomeres. Further, telomeres cannot be replicated by normal DNA polymerase and require a special enzyme called telomerase which is expressed only in stem cells, few immune cells and germ cells. Telomeres are rich in guanine content and thus become extremely prone to damage arising due to physiological processes like oxidative stress and inflammation. External environmental factors which includes various physical, biological and chemical agents also affect telomere homeostasis by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present review, we highlight the effect of these external factors on telomerase activity and telomere length. We also discuss how the external agents affect the physiological processes, thus modulating telomere stability. Further, we describe its implication in the development of aging and its related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Wiik MU, Evans TJ, Belhadj S, Bolton KA, Dymerska D, Jagmohan-Changur S, Capellá G, Kurzawski G, Wijnen JT, Valle L, Vasen HFA, Lubinski J, Scott RJ, Talseth-Palmer BA. A genetic variant in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) modifies cancer risk in Lynch syndrome patients harbouring pathogenic MSH2 variants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11401. [PMID: 34059744 PMCID: PMC8166931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), have an increased risk of developing cancer. Common genetic variants of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) have been associated with a wide range of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC) in LS. We combined genotype data from 1881 LS patients, carrying pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6, for rs2075786 (G>A, intronic variant), 1207 LS patients for rs2736108 (C>T, upstream variant) and 1201 LS patients for rs7705526 (C>A, intronic variant). The risk of cancer was estimated by heterozygous/homozygous odds ratio (OR) with mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust for gene/gender/country of sample origin considering family identity. The AA genotype of SNP rs2075786 is associated with 85% higher odds at developing cancer compared to GG genotype in MSH2 pathogenic variant carriers (p = 0.0160). Kaplan-Meier analysis also shows an association for rs2075786; the AA allele for MSH2 variant carriers confers risk for earlier diagnosis of LS cancer (log-rank p = 0.0011). We report a polymorphism in TERT to be a possible modifier of disease risk in MSH2 pathogenic variant carriers. The rs2075786 SNP in TERT is associated with a differential risk of developing cancer for MSH2 pathogenic variant carriers. Use of this information has the potential to personalise screening protocols for LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Unhjem Wiik
- Research Unit, Ålesund Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | - Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine A Bolton
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grzegorz Kurzawski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Juul T Wijnen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Division of Genetics, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bente A Talseth-Palmer
- Research Unit, Ålesund Hospital, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Shin I, Park YW, Ahn SS, Kang SG, Chang JH, Kim SH, Lee SK. Clinical and diffusion parameters may noninvasively predict TERT promoter mutation status in grade II meningiomas. J Neuroradiol 2021; 49:59-65. [PMID: 33716047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence suggests that genomic and molecular markers need to be integrated in grading of meningioma. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutation is receiving attention due to its clinical relevance in the treatment of meningiomas. The predictive ability of conventional and diffusion MRI parameters for determining the TERTp mutation status in grade II meningiomas has yet been identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 63 patients with surgically confirmed grade II meningiomas (56 TERTp wildtype, 7 TERTp mutant) were included. Conventional imaging features were qualitatively assessed. The maximum diameter, volume of the tumors and histogram parameters from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were assessed. Independent clinical and imaging risk factors for TERTp mutation were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. The discriminative value of the prediction models with and without imaging features was evaluated. RESULTS In the univariable regression, older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, P = 0.005), larger maximum diameter (OR = 1.09, P = 0.023), larger volume (OR = 1.04, P = 0.014), lower mean ADC (OR = 0.02, P = 0.025), and lower ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.014) were predictors of TERTp mutation. In multivariable regression, age (OR = 1.13, P = 0.009) and ADC 10th percentile (OR = 0.01, P = 0.038) were independent predictors of variables for predicting the TERTp mutation status. The performance of the prediction model increased upon inclusion of imaging parameters (area under the curves of 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, without and with imaging parameters). CONCLUSION Older age and lower ADC 10th percentile may be useful parameters to predict TERTp mutation in grade II meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Chebly A, Peloponese JM, Ségal-Bendirdjian E, Merlio JP, Tomb R, Chevret E. hMZF-2, the Elusive Transcription Factor. Front Genet 2021; 11:581115. [PMID: 33424921 PMCID: PMC7793725 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.581115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chebly
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marie Peloponese
- University of Montpellier, CNRS IRIM-UMR 9004, Research Institute in Infectiology of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Ségal-Bendirdjian
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Team: Cellular Homeostasis, Cancer and Therapies, INSERM US36/CNRS UMS 2009, BioMedTech Facilities, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Pessac, France
| | - Roland Tomb
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edith Chevret
- Bordeaux University, INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Cutaneous Lymphoma Oncogenesis Team, Bordeaux, France
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Losi L, Botticelli L, Garagnani L, Fabbiani L, Panini R, Gallo G, Sabbatini R, Maiorana A, Benhattar J. TERT promoter methylation and protein expression as predictive biomarkers for recurrence risk in patients with serous borderline ovarian tumours. Pathology 2020; 53:187-192. [PMID: 33032810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian neoplasms can be divided into three distinct clinicopathological groups: benign, malignant and borderline tumours. Borderline tumours are less aggressive than epithelial carcinomas, with an indolent clinical course and delayed recurrence. However, a subset of these cases can progress to malignancy and relapse, and death from recurrent disease can occasionally occur. Telomerase activation is a critical element in cellular immortalisation and cancer. The enzyme telomerase comprises a catalytic subunit (TERT) expressed in various types of cancers and regulated by promoter methylation mainly in epithelial tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate the promoter methylation status and the expression of TERT in 50 serous borderline tumours (SBTs) and their correlation with clinicopathological features and outcome. TERT methylation was analysed by bisulfite pyrosequencing and TERT expression by immunohistochemistry. Methylation of TERT promoter was only observed in four SBTs. A good correlation with immunostochemistry was found: nuclear positivity for TERT expression was observed in the methylated cases, whereas no expression was detected in unmethylated tumours. One of these patients had a recurrence after 7 years and another patient died from the disease. SBTs with hypomethylated tumours and absence of TERT expression showed a good clinical behaviour. Our study highlights the low presence of TERT methylation in SBTs, confirming that these tumours have a different biology than serous carcinomas. Furthermore, the concordance between TERT promoter methylation and TERT expression and their association with clinical outcomes leads to consider TERT alteration as a potential predictive biomarker for recurrence risk identifying patients who should undergo a careful and prolonged follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Botticelli
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorella Garagnani
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabbiani
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Panini
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Graziana Gallo
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Sabbatini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jean Benhattar
- Aurigen, Centre de Génétique et Pathologie, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Jeong YJ, Park SH, Jeon CH. Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer using the conditionally reprogrammed cell culture method and reverse transcription-PCR of hTERT and MAGE A1-6. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32863911 PMCID: PMC7436930 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the efficacy of the conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) culture method for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer. CTCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer, and culture of the collected CTCs was performed according to the conditional reprogramming protocol. Total RNA was extracted from cultured CTCs, and the hTERT and MAGE A1-6 genes were amplified using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, RNA extraction from another blood sample was performed and the expression of the two genes was analyzed by RT-PCR only. Following CRC culture, grown CTCs were observed in 7 samples (23.3%). The CTC detection rates by RT-PCR for the hTERT and MAGE A1-6 genes in CTCs grown using the CRC culture method were 26.7 and 10.0%, respectively. The positive expression rates for the hTERT and MAGE genes in CTCs assessed by RT-PCR only were 44.1 and 23.5%, respectively. When combining the positive expression rates of RT-PCR only and CRC culture for the hTERT and MAGE A1-6 genes, CTC detection rates increased to 53.3 and 23.3%, respectively. Additionally, when combining the positive expression rates of the two genes by either method, the CTC detection rate was the highest value observed. In conclusion, the present study revealed the potential of CRC culture in the detection of CTCs in breast cancer. Furthermore, a combination of CRC culture and RT-PCR for the hTERT and MAGE A1-6 genes is useful in enhancing the detection rate of CTCs in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Park
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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13
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Evidence supporting the role of telomerase, MMP-9, and SIRT1 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1409-1418. [PMID: 32691156 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that telomeres, telomerase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and SIRT1 (sirtuin1) are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, whether these molecules are contributors to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been little explored and poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the potential role of telomerase, MMP-9, and SIRT1 in children with ADHD. The study was performed on 46 children with ADHD aged between 8 and 14 and 43 healthy children matching in age and gender. Children were evaluated by Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version, Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-RS) and Stroop test. Serum telomerase, MMP-9, and SIRT1 levels were measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MMP-9 and telomerase levels were significantly higher and SIRT1 levels were significantly lower in patients with ADHD than those of controls. All three molecules were significantly associated with both the severity of ADHD symptoms and cognitive functions. This is the first attempt to indicate that the important role of telomerase, MMP-9, and SIRT1 in ADHD, and the association of all these molecules with the severity of ADHD and cognitive functions, but future studies are required to verify these results.
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14
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Klein IP, Meurer L, Danilevicz CK, Squarize CH, Martins MD, Carrard VC. BMI-1 expression increases in oral leukoplakias and correlates with cell proliferation. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190532. [PMID: 32348447 PMCID: PMC7185978 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a white lesion of an indeterminate risk not related to any excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer. Many biological markers have been used in an attempt to predict malignant transformation; however, no reliable markers have been established so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Peres Klein
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luise Meurer
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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15
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Detection of mRNA of Telomerase Protein in Benign Naevi and Melanomas Using RNAscope. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:36-41. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Grandjenette C, Schnekenburger M, Gaigneaux A, Gérard D, Christov C, Mazumder A, Dicato M, Diederich M. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase depletion potentiates the growth-inhibitory activity of imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:468-480. [PMID: 31734352 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance against TKIs and leukemia stem cell (LSC) persistence remain a clinical concern. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies combining conventional and novel therapies are urgently needed. Since telomerase is involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression but is silent in most human normal somatic cells, it may be an interesting target for CML therapy by selectively targeting cancer cells while minimizing effects on normal cells. Here, we report that hTERT expression is associated with CML disease progression. We also provide evidence that hTERT-deficient K-562 cells do not display telomere shortening and that telomere length is maintained through the ALT pathway. Furthermore, we show that hTERT depletion exerts a growth-inhibitory effect in K-562 cells and potentiates imatinib through alteration of cell cycle progression leading to a senescence-like phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that hTERT depletion potentiates the imatinib-induced reduction of the ALDH+-LSC population. Altogether, our results suggest that the combination of telomerase and TKI should be considered as an attractive strategy to treat CML patients to eradicate cancer cells and prevent relapse by targeting LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grandjenette
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Déborah Gérard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Christo Christov
- Service Commun de Microscopie, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Aloran Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08626, South Korea
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08626, South Korea.
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17
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Cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4 promotes colon cancer progression by transcriptionally activating hTERT. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1533-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Vinnarasi S, Radhika R, Vijayakumar S, Shankar R. Structural insights into the anti-cancer activity of quercetin on G-tetrad, mixed G-tetrad, and G-quadruplex DNA using quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:317-339. [PMID: 30794082 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase referred as 'terminal transferase' is a nucleoprotein enzyme which inhibits the disintegration of telomere length and act as a drug target for the anticancer therapy. The tandem repeating structure of telomere sequence forms the guanine-rich quadruplex structures that stabilize stacked tetrads. In our present work, we have investigated the interaction of quercetin with DNA tetrads using DFT. Geometrical analysis revealed that the influence of quercetin drug induces the structural changes into the DNA tetrads. Among DNA tetrads, the quercetin stacked with GCGC tetrad has the highest interaction energy of -88.08 kcal/mol. The binding mode and the structural stability are verified by the absorption spectroscopy method. The longer wavelength was found at 380 nm and it exhibits bathochromic shift. The findings help us to understand the binding nature of quercetin drug with DNA tetrads and it also inhibits the telomerase activity. Further, the quercetin drug interacted with G-quadruplex DNA by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for 100 ns simulation at different temperatures and different pH levels (T = 298 K, 320 K and pH = 7.4, 5.4). The structural stability of the quercetin with G-quadruplex structure is confirmed by RMSD. For the acidic condition (pH = 5.4), the binding affinity is higher toward G-quadruplex DNA, this result resembles that the quercetin drug is well interacted with G-quadruplex DNA at acidic condition (pH = 7.4) than the neutral condition. The obtained results show that quercetin drug stabilizes the G-quadruplex DNA, which regulates telomerase enzyme and it potentially acts as a novel anti-cancer agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vinnarasi
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Radhika
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Medical Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Huang GB, Chen S, Qin QP, Luo JR, Tan MX, Wang ZF, Zou BQ, Liang H. In vitro and in vivo activity of novel platinum(ii) complexes with naphthalene imide derivatives inhibiting human non-small cell lung cancer cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
3 induced NCI-H460 cell apoptosis via inhibition of the telomerase and dysfunction of mitochondria. Remarkably, 3 obviously inhibited NCI-H460 xenograft tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bao Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Jin-Rong Luo
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Chemistry and Food Science
- Yulin Normal University
- Yulin 537000
- P. R. China
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- Department of Chemistry
- Guilin Normal College
- 9 Feihu Road
- Gulin 541001
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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20
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Zhang Z, Ye Y, Gong J, Ruan H, Liu CJ, Xiang Y, Cai C, Guo AY, Ling J, Diao L, Weinstein JN, Han L. Global analysis of tRNA and translation factor expression reveals a dynamic landscape of translational regulation in human cancers. Commun Biol 2018; 1:234. [PMID: 30588513 PMCID: PMC6303286 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein translational system, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and several categories of enzymes, plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation. Translation dysregulation also contributes to cancer development, though relatively little is known about the changes that occur to the translational system in cancer. Here, we present global analyses of tRNAs and three categories of enzymes involved in translational regulation in ~10,000 cancer patients across 31 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. By analyzing the expression levels of tRNAs at the gene, codon, and amino acid levels, we identified unequal alterations in tRNA expression, likely due to the uneven distribution of tRNAs decoding different codons. We find that overexpression of tRNAs recognizing codons with a low observed-over-expected ratio may overcome the translational bottleneck in tumorigenesis. We further observed overall overexpression and amplification of tRNA modification enzymes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and translation factors, which may play synergistic roles with overexpression of tRNAs to activate the translational systems across multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Hang Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqiang Ling
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - John N. Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Center for Precision Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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21
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Akram Z, Ahmed P, Kajigaya S, Satti TM, Satti HS, Chaudhary QUN, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Ibanez PF, Feng X, Mahmood SK, Ghafoor T, Shahbaz N, Khan MA, Sultan A. Epidemiological, clinical and genetic characterization of aplastic anemia patients in Pakistan. Ann Hematol 2018; 98:301-312. [PMID: 30426156 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is the most serious non-malignant blood disorder in Pakistan, ranked second in prevalence, after thalassemia. We investigated various epidemiological, clinical, and genetic factors of AA in a Pakistani cohort of 214 patients reporting at our hospital between June 2014 and December 2015. A control group of 214 healthy subjects was included for comparison of epidemiological and clinical features. Epidemiological data revealed 2.75-fold higher frequency of AA among males. A single peak of disease onset was observed between ages 10 and 29 years followed by a steady decline. AA was strongly associated with lower socioeconomic profile, rural residence, and high rate of consanguineous marriages. Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and thrombopoietin levels were significantly elevated in AA patients, compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001), while there was no statistical significance in other nine cytokine levels screened. Allele frequencies of DRB1*15 (56.8%) and DQB1*06 (70.3%) were predominantly high in AA patients. Ten mutations were found in TERT and TERC genes, including two novel mutations (Val526Ala and Val777Met) in exons 3 and 7 of TERT gene. Despite specific features of the AA cohort, this study suggests that epidemiologic and etiologic factors as well as host genetic predisposition exclusively or cooperatively trigger AA in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Akram
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3E-5140, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Parvez Ahmed
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3E-5140, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tariq Mahmood Satti
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Humayoon Shafique Satti
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Un Nisa Chaudhary
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3E-5140, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pilar F Ibanez
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3E-5140, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-CRC, Room 3E-5140, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Syed Kamran Mahmood
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ghafoor
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Shahbaz
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ali Khan
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC), Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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22
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Rajagopalan D, Pandey AK, Xiuzhen MC, Lee KK, Hora S, Zhang Y, Chua BH, Kwok HS, Bhatia SS, Deng LW, Tenen DG, Kappei D, Jha S. TIP60 represses telomerase expression by inhibiting Sp1 binding to the TERT promoter. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006681. [PMID: 29045464 PMCID: PMC5662243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV1-TAT interactive protein (TIP60) is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. However, the potential mechanisms endowing its tumor suppressor ability remain incompletely understood. It plays a vital role in virus-induced cancers where TIP60 down-regulates the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 which in turn destabilizes TIP60. This intrigued us to identify the role of TIP60, in the context of a viral infection, where it is targeted by oncoproteins. Through an array of molecular biology techniques such as Chromatin immunoprecipitation, expression analysis and mass spectrometry, we establish the hitherto unknown role of TIP60 in repressing the expression of the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase complex, TERT, a key driver for immortalization. TIP60 acetylates Sp1 at K639, thus inhibiting Sp1 binding to the TERT promoter. We identified that TIP60-mediated growth suppression of HPV-induced cervical cancer is mediated in part due to TERT repression through Sp1 acetylation. In summary, our study has identified a novel substrate for TIP60 catalytic activity and a unique repressive mechanism acting at the TERT promoter in virus-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajagopalan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Magdalene Claire Xiuzhen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Kin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shainan Hora
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Haow Chua
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Si Kwok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lih Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel G. Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Functional role of SETD2, BAP1, PARP-3 and PBRM1 candidate genes on the regulation of hTERT gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61890-61900. [PMID: 28977912 PMCID: PMC5617472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowing the search for the critical hTERT repressor sequence(s) has identified three regions on chromosome 3p (3p12-p21.1, 3p21.2 and 3p21.3-p22). However, the precise location and identity of the sequence(s) responsible for hTERT transcriptional repression remains elusive. In order to identify critical hTERT repressor sequences located within human chromosome 3p12-p22, we investigated hTERT transcriptional activity within 21NT microcell hybrid clones containing chromosome 3 fragments. Mapping of chromosome 3 structure in a single hTERT-repressed 21NT-#3fragment hybrid clone, revealed a 490kb region of deletion localised to 3p21.3 and encompassing the histone H3, lysine 36 (H3K36) trimethyltransferase enzyme SETD2; a putative tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer. Three additional genes, BAP1, PARP-3 and PBRM1, were also selected for further investigation based on their location within the 3p21.1-p21.3 region, together with their documented role in the epigenetic regulation of target gene expression or hTERT regulation. All four genes (SETD2, BAP1, PARP-3 and PBRM1) were found to be expressed at low levels in 21NT. Gene copy number variation (CNV) analysis of SETD2, BAP1, PARP-3 and PBRM1 within a panel of nine breast cancer cell lines demonstrated single copy number loss of all candidate genes within five (56%) cell lines (including 21NT cells). Stable, forced overexpression of BAP1, but not PARP2, SETD2 or PBRM1, within 21NT cells was associated with a significant reduction in hTERT expression levels relative to wild-type controls. We propose that at least two sequences exist on human chromosome 3p, that function to regulate hTERT transcription within human breast cancer cells.
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Interaction studies of carbon nanomaterials and plasma activated carbon nanomaterials solution with telomere binding protein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2636. [PMID: 28572671 PMCID: PMC5454022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer cells have telomerase activity because they can express the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Therefore, the inhibition of the hTERT expression can play an important role in controlling cancer cell proliferation. Our current study aims to inhibit hTERT expression. For this, we synthesized graphene oxide (GO) and a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT), latter treated them with cold atmospheric pressure plasma for further analysis of the hTERT expression. The inhibition of hTERT expression by GO, f-MWCNT, plasma activated GO solution (PGOS), and plasma activated f-MWCNT solution (PCNTS), was studied using two lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H460. The hTERT experimental results revealed that GO and PGOS sufficiently decreased the hTERT concentration, while f-MWCNT and PCNTS were unable to inhibit the hTERT concentration. Therefore, to understand the inhibition mechanism of hTERT, we studied the binding properties of GO and PGOS with telomere binding protein (AtTRB2). The interaction studies were carried out using circular dichroism, fluorescence, 1H-15N NMR spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) binding assay. We also used docking simulation to have an better understanding of the interactions between GO nanosheets and AtTRB2 protein. Our results may provide new insights that can benefit in biomedical treatments.
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25
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Endogenous Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase N-Terminal Tagging Affects Human Telomerase Function at Telomeres In Vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00541-16. [PMID: 27872149 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00541-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase action at telomeres is essential for the immortal phenotype of stem cells and the aberrant proliferative potential of cancer cells. Insufficient telomere maintenance can cause stem cell and tissue failure syndromes, while increased telomerase levels are associated with tumorigenesis. Both pathologies can arise from only small perturbation of telomerase function. To analyze telomerase at its low endogenous expression level, we genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to express various N-terminal fusion proteins of the telomerase reverse transcriptase from its endogenous locus. Using this approach, we found that these modifications can perturb telomerase function in hPSCs and cancer cells, resulting in telomere length defects. Biochemical analysis suggests that this defect is multileveled, including changes in expression and activity. These findings highlight the unknown complexity of telomerase structural requirements for expression and function in vivo.
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26
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Waghorn PA, Jackson MR, Gouverneur V, Vallis KA. Targeting telomerase with radiolabeled inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:117-129. [PMID: 27657809 PMCID: PMC5154340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of telomerase in approximately 85% of cancers and its absence in the majority of normal cells makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However the lag period between initiation of telomerase inhibition and growth arrest makes direct inhibition alone an insufficient method of treatment. However, telomerase inhibition has been shown to enhance cancer cell radiosensitivity. To investigate the strategy of simultaneously inhibiting telomerase while delivering targeted radionuclide therapy to cancer cells, 123I-radiolabeled inhibitors of telomerase were synthesized and their effects on cancer cell survival studied. An 123I-labeled analogue of the telomerase inhibitor MST-312 inhibited telomerase with an IC50 of 1.58 μM (MST-312 IC50: 0.23 μM). Clonogenic assays showed a dose dependant effect of 123I-MST-312 on cell survival in a telomerase positive cell line, MDA-MB-435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Waghorn
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Mark R Jackson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Veronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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27
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Chen R, Zhu J, Dong Y, He C, Hu X. Suppressor of Ty homolog-5, a novel tumor-specific human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter-binding protein and activator in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32841-55. [PMID: 26418880 PMCID: PMC4741733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter promotes differential hTERT gene expression in tumor cells and normal cells. However, information on the mechanisms underlying the differential hTERT transcription and induction of telomerase activity in tumor cells is limited. In the present study, suppressor of Ty homolog-5 (SPT5), a protein encoded by the SUPT5H gene, was identified as a novel tumor-specific hTERT promoter-binding protein and activator in colon cancer cells. We verified the tumor-specific binding activity of SPT5 to the hTERT promoter in vitro and in vivo and detected high expression levels of SUPT5H in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary human colorectal cancer tissues. SUPT5H was more highly expressed in colorectal cancer cases with distant metastasis than in cases without distant metastasis. Inhibition of endogenous SUPT5H expression by SUPT5H gene-specific short hairpin RNAs effectively attenuated hTERT promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, whereas no detectable effects on CMV promoter-driven GFP expression in the same cells were observed. In addition, inhibition of SUPT5H expression not only effectively repressed telomerase activity, accelerated telomere shortening, and promoted cell senescence in colon cancer cells, but also suppressed cancer cell growth and migration. Our results demonstrated that SPT5 contributes to the up-regulation of hTERT expression and tumor development, and SUPT5H may potentially be used as a novel tumor biomarker and/or cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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28
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Abstract
Telomerase activity is responsible for the maintenance of chromosome end structures (telomeres) and cancer cell immortality in most human malignancies, making telomerase an attractive therapeutic target. The rationale for targeting components of the telomerase holoenzyme has been strengthened by accumulating evidence indicating that these molecules have extra-telomeric functions in tumour cell survival and proliferation. This Review discusses current knowledge of the biogenesis, structure and multiple functions of telomerase-associated molecules intertwined with recent advances in drug discovery approaches. We also describe the fertile ground available for the pursuit of next-generation small-molecule inhibitors of telomerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Arndt
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Personalised Medicine Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
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29
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Zhao X, Tian X, Kajigaya S, Cantilena CR, Strickland S, Savani BN, Mohan S, Feng X, Keyvanfar K, Dunavin N, Townsley DM, Dumitriu B, Battiwalla M, Rezvani K, Young NS, Barrett AJ, Ito S. Epigenetic landscape of the TERT promoter: a potential biomarker for high risk AML/MDS. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:427-439. [PMID: 27433923 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although recent observations implicate the importance of telomerase activity in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the roles of epigenetic regulations of the TERT gene in leukaemogenesis, drug resistance and clinical prognosis in AML are not fully understood. We developed a quantitative pyrosequencing-based methylation assay covering the TERT proximal promoter and a partial exon 1 (TERTpro/Ex1) region and tested both cell lines and primary leukaemia cells derived from AML and AML with preceding myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) patients (n = 43). Prognostic impact of methylation status of the upstream TERT promoter region was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The activity of the telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat, was measured using leukaemia cell lines. The TERTpro/Ex1 region was highly methylated in all cell lines and primary leukaemia cells showed diverse methylation profiles. Most cases showed hypermethylated regions at the upstream TERTpro/Ex1 region, which were associated with inferior patient survival. TERTpro/Ex1 methylation status was correlated with the cytotoxicity to imetelstat and its combination with hypomethylating agent enhanced the cytotoxicity of imetelstat. AML cell lines and primary blasts harbour distinct TERTpro/Ex1 methylation profiles that could serve as a prognostic biomarker of AML. However, validation in a large cohort of patients is necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline R Cantilena
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Strickland
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanjay Mohan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil Dunavin
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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30
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Gao W, Shi Y, Liu W, Lin WY, Wu JCC, Chan JYW, Wong TS. Diagnostic Value of Methylated Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Human Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:296. [PMID: 26734575 PMCID: PMC4689846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human malignancies. Overexpression of hTERT is essential in controlling the propagation of cancer cells. The CpG island located at hTERT promoter region is subjected to methylation modification in human cancer. In this perspective article, we discussed the diagnostic value of methylated hTERT in human cancers. The definitive diagnosis of most solid tumors is based on histological and immunohistochemical features. Under certain circumstances, however, the use of methylated hTERT might be useful in overcoming the limitation of the conventional methods. Methylated hTERT showed a good diagnostic power in discriminating cancer from benign or normal tissues. Nevertheless, differences in detection method, methylation site, cancer type, and histological subtype of cancer make it difficult to evaluate the actual diagnostic accuracy of methylated hTERT. Therefore, we performed subgroup analysis to assess the effects of these factors on the diagnostic efficiency of methylated hTERT. We demonstrated that quantitative MSP (qMSP) assay offers the highest discriminative power between normal and cancer in comparison with different detection methods. In addition, the methylated sites selected by different studies had an impact on the detection performance. Moreover, the diagnostic power of methylated hTERT was affected by cancer type and histological subtype. In conclusion, the existing evidence demonstrated that methylated hTERT is effective in cancer detection. Detailed profiling of the methylation sites to local the common methylation hotspot across human cancers is warranted to maximize the diagnostic value of methylated hTERT in cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei-Yin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng-Kung University , Taiwan , China
| | - Josh Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng-Kung University , Taiwan , China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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31
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Witkowska A, Strzalka-Mrozik B, Owczarek A, Gola J, Mazurek U, Grzeszczak W, Gumprecht J. Downregulation of telomerase maintenance-related ACD expression in patients undergoing immunosuppresive therapy following kidney transplantation. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2224-2230. [PMID: 26668621 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic administration of immunosuppressants has been associated with long-term consequences, including a higher risk of neoplasm development. The processes regulating telomere function exert a major influence on human cancer biology. The present study aimed to assess the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the expression of genes associated with telomere maintenance and protection in patients following renal transplantation. A total of 51 patients that had undergone kidney transplantation and 54 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The 51 transplant patients received a three-drug immunosuppressive regimen consisting of cyclosporine A, prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil. In stage 1 of the study, the expression profiles of 123 transcripts, which represented 70 genes, were assessed in peripheral mononuclear blood cells using an oligonucleotide microarray technique in 8 transplant recipients and 4 healthy control subjects. Among the analyzed transcripts, the expression levels of 4 differed significantly between the studied groups; however, only the ACD (adrenocortical dysplasia homolog) gene, encoding the telomere-binding protein POT1-interacting protein 1 (TPP1), was sufficiently specific for telomere homeostasis. The expression of ACD was downregulated in transplant recipients (fold change, 2.11; P=0.006). In stage 2 of the study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of ACD, DKC1 and hTERT mRNA was conducted for all transplant patients and control subjects. The results confirmed the downregulation of the ACD gene in patients that had received immunosuppressive therapy (P=0.002). The results of the present study indicate that the downregulation of ACD gene transcription, and thus TPP1 protein expression, may enhance the capacity for cell immortalization, despite normal levels of other key telomere maintenance factors, in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the results indicate that TPP1 has potential for use as an early clinical marker and/or therapeutic target for cancer in patients following organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Witkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Silesia, Poland
| | - Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Silesia, Poland
| | - Aleksander Owczarek
- Division of Statistics, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Silesia, Poland
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Silesia, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Silesia, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Silesia, Poland
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Silesia, Poland
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32
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Zhao X, Ueda Y, Kajigaya S, Alaks G, Desierto MJ, Townsley DM, Dumitriu B, Chen J, Lacy RC, Young NS. Cloning and molecular characterization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomere length analysis of Peromyscus leucopus. Gene 2015; 568:8-18. [PMID: 25962353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase complex that regulates telomerase activity to maintain telomere length for all animals with linear chromosomes. As the Mus musculus (MM) laboratory mouse has very long telomeres compared to humans, a potential alternative animal model for telomere research is the Peromyscus leucopus (PL) mouse that has telomere lengths close to the human range and has the wild counterparts for comparison. We report the full TERT coding sequence (pTERT) from PL mice to use in the telomere research. Comparative analysis with eight other mammalian TERTs revealed a pTERT protein considerably homologous to other TERTs and preserved all TERT specific-sequence signatures, yet with some distinctive features. pTERT displayed the highest nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with hamster TERT. Unlike human but similar to MM mice, pTERT expression was detected in various adult somatic tissues of PL mice, with the highest expression in testes. Four different captive stocks of PL mice and wild-captured PL mice each displayed group-specific average telomere lengths, with the longest and shortest telomeres in inbred and outbred stock mice, respectively. pTERT showed considerable numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. A pTERT proximal promoter region cloned was homologous among PL and MM mice and rat, but with species-specific features. From PL mice, we further cloned and characterized ribosomal protein, large, P0 (pRPLP0) to use as an internal control for various assays. Peromyscus mice have been extensively used for various studies, including human diseases, for which pTERT and pRPLP0 would be useful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yasutaka Ueda
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glen Alaks
- Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Marie J Desierto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Lacy
- Department of Conservation Science, Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chiba K, Johnson JZ, Vogan JM, Wagner T, Boyle JM, Hockemeyer D. Cancer-associated TERT promoter mutations abrogate telomerase silencing. eLife 2015. [PMID: 26194807 PMCID: PMC4507476 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter are the most frequent non-coding mutations in cancer, but their molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis has not been established. We used genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells with physiological telomerase expression to elucidate the mechanism by which these mutations contribute to human disease. Surprisingly, telomerase-expressing embryonic stem cells engineered to carry any of the three most frequent TERT promoter mutations showed only a modest increase in TERT transcription with no impact on telomerase activity. However, upon differentiation into somatic cells, which normally silence telomerase, cells with TERT promoter mutations failed to silence TERT expression, resulting in increased telomerase activity and aberrantly long telomeres. Thus, TERT promoter mutations are sufficient to overcome the proliferative barrier imposed by telomere shortening without additional tumor-selected mutations. These data establish that TERT promoter mutations can promote immortalization and tumorigenesis of incipient cancer cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07918.001 The bulk of the DNA in the human genome is divided between 23 pairs of chromosomes. The ends of these chromosomes contain a repetitive stretch of DNA known as a telomere. Every time a cell divides, a portion of the telomere is lost and can be restored by an enzyme called telomerase. If the telomeres shorten below a critical length, the cell can no longer divide and eventually dies. Thus, long telomeres increase the number of times a cell can divide. In the majority of human cells—with the exception of stem cells—telomerase activity is absent due to the down regulation of the active protein component (called TERT) after birth. Therefore, the telomeres in these cells shorten after each cell division. However, 90% of human cancers have very high TERT activity, which enables them to divide continuously to drive tumor growth. Genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins and other molecules. The start of a gene contains a region known as the promoter, which controls when and where in the body the gene is active. Cancer cells often contain mutations in the promoter of the gene that encodes TERT. However, it remains poorly understood how these mutations lead to the formation of tumors. Chiba et al. have now used a technique called genome editing to introduce mutations that are commonly found in cancer cells into the promoter of the gene for TERT in human embryonic stem cells. Unexpectedly, these changes did not increase the activity of the telomerase enzyme in these cells, nor did they increase the length of the telomeres. Chiba et al. next caused these genetically engineered stem cells to develop into more specialized cell types—such as nerve cells. These ‘differentiated’ cells normally silence the gene that encodes TERT, but the mutations prevented the gene from being silenced. This led to abnormally high levels of telomerase activity and long telomeres. The experiments also showed that TERT activity in these cells was similar to that found in cancer cells that can divide indefinitely. Cells containing the promoter mutations were then injected into mice. The cells formed a mass of tumors that contained very long telomeres. These results together suggest that cancer-causing mutations in the gene for TERT stop this gene from being properly silenced in more specialized cells, and that this, on its own, can promote the formation of tumors. These findings are likely to underpin future efforts to treat cancers by targeting the expression and activity of the telomerase enzyme. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07918.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Chiba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Joshua Z Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jacob M Vogan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tina Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - John M Boyle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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34
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Immortalisation with hTERT Impacts on Sulphated Glycosaminoglycan Secretion and Immunophenotype in a Variable and Cell Specific Manner. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26196672 PMCID: PMC4510558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited options for the treatment of cartilage damage have driven the development of tissue engineered or cell therapy alternatives reliant on ex vivo cell expansion. The study of chondrogenesis in primary cells is difficult due to progressive cellular aging and senescence. Immortalisation via the reintroduction of the catalytic component of telomerase, hTERT, could allow repeated, longitudinal studies to be performed while bypassing senescent phenotypes. Methods Three human cell types: bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMA13), embryonic stem cell-derived (1C6) and chondrocytes (OK3) were transduced with hTERT (BMA13H, 1C6H and OK3H) and proliferation, surface marker expression and tri-lineage differentiation capacity determined. The sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of the monolayer and spent media was quantified in maintenance media (MM) and pro-chondrogenic media (PChM) and normalised to DNA. Results hTERT expression was confirmed in transduced cells with proliferation enhancement in 1C6H and OK3H cells but not BMA13H. All cells were negative for leukocyte markers (CD19, CD34, CD45) and CD73 positive. CD14 was expressed at low levels on OK3 and OK3H and HLA-DR on BMA13 (84.8%). CD90 was high for BMA13 (84.9%) and OK3 (97.3%) and moderate for 1C6 (56.7%), expression was reduced in BMA13H (33.7%) and 1C6H (1.6%). CD105 levels varied (BMA13 87.7%, 1C6 8.2%, OK3 43.3%) and underwent reduction in OK3H (25.1%). 1C6 and BMA13 demonstrated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation but mineralised matrix and lipid accumulation appeared reduced post hTERT transduction. Chondrogenic differentiation resulted in increased monolayer-associated sGAG in all primary cells and 1C6H (p<0.001), and BMA13H (p<0.05). In contrast OK3H demonstrated reduced monolayer-associated sGAG in PChM (p<0.001). Media-associated sGAG accounted for ≥55% (PChM-1C6) and ≥74% (MM-1C6H). Conclusion In conclusion, hTERT transduction could, but did not always, prevent senescence and cell phenotype, including differentiation potential, was affected in a variable manner. As such, these cells are not a direct substitute for primary cells in cartilage regeneration research.
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Aldape K, Zadeh G, Mansouri S, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A. Glioblastoma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:829-48. [PMID: 25943888 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic technology have led to a better understanding of key molecular alterations that underlie glioblastoma (GBM). The current WHO-based classification of GBM is mainly based on histologic features of the tumor, which frequently do not reflect the molecular differences that describe the diversity in the biology of these lesions. The current WHO definition of GBM relies on the presence of high-grade astrocytic neoplasm with the presence of either microvascular proliferation and/or tumor necrosis. High-throughput analyses have identified molecular subtypes and have led to progress in more accurate classification of GBM. These findings, in turn, would result in development of more effective patient stratification, targeted therapeutics, and prediction of patient outcome. While consensus has not been reached on the precise nature and means to sub-classify GBM, it is clear that IDH-mutant GBMs are clearly distinct from GBMs without IDH1/2 mutation with respect to molecular and clinical features, including prognosis. In addition, recent findings in pediatric GBMs regarding mutations in the histone H3F3A gene suggest that these tumors may represent a 3rd major category of GBM, separate from adult primary (IDH1/2 wt), and secondary (IDH1/2 mut) GBMs. In this review, we describe major clinically relevant genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in GBM-such as mutations in IDH1/2, EGFR, PDGFRA, and NF1 genes-altered methylation of MGMT gene promoter, and mutations in hTERT promoter. These markers may be incorporated into a more refined classification system and applied in more accurate clinical decision-making process. In addition, we focus on current understanding of the biologic heterogeneity and classification of GBM and highlight some of the molecular signatures and alterations that characterize GBMs as histologically defined. We raise the question whether IDH-wild type high grade astrocytomas without microvascular proliferation or necrosis might best be classified as GBM, even if they lack the histologic hallmarks as required in the current WHO classification. Alternatively, an astrocytic tumor that fits the current histologic definition of GBM, but which shows an IDH mutation may in fact be better classified as a distinct entity, given that IDH-mutant GBM are quite distinct from a biological and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Aldape
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and MacFeeters-Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada,
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Castronuovo CC, Cuestas ML, Oubiña JR, Mathet VL. Effect of several PEO-PPO amphiphiles onbax,bcl-2, andhTERTmRNAs: An insight into apoptosis and cell immortalization induced in hepatoma cells by these polymeric excipients. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:273-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Celeste Castronuovo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; UBA-CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
- CONICET; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - María Luján Cuestas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; UBA-CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
- CONICET; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - José Raúl Oubiña
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; UBA-CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
- CONICET; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Verónica Lidia Mathet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; UBA-CONICET; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
- CONICET; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; Argentina
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Lim S, Spring K, de Souza P, MacKenzie S, Bokey L. Circulating tumour cells and circulating nucleic acids as a measure of tumour dissemination in non-metastatic colorectal cancer surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41:309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Jang KJ, Kwon GS, Jeong JW, Kim CH, Yoon HM, Kim GY, Shim JH, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Cordyceptin induces apoptosis through repressing hTERT expression and inducing extranuclear export of hTERT. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:351-7. [PMID: 25282637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin is an adenosine analog originally extracted from Cordyceps militaris that possesses many pharmacological effects including immune activation and antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, the underlying relationship between apoptosis and telomerase activity in response to cordycepin exposure has not been investigated. In this study, we found that cordycepin-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells (H937 and THP-1 cells) was associated with inactivation of telomerase and downregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as the transcription factors c-Myc and Sp1, which are required for basal transcription from the hTERT gene promoter. Cordycepin also attenuated the activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, thereby reducing phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of hTERT. We further showed that the PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly decreased telomerase activity in cordycepin-treated cells and increased cordycepin-induced cell death. These findings demonstrate that cordycepin is cytotoxic to human leukemia cells and suppresses telomerase activity through transcriptional and post-translational suppression of hTERT by inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jun Jang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sun Kwon
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea; Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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Hara T, Mizuguchi M, Fujii M, Nakamura M. Krüppel-like factor 2 represses transcription of the telomerase catalytic subunit human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in human T cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8758-63. [PMID: 25694435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal human T cells, telomerase activity is strictly regulated. T cells are thought to express telomerase to avoid replicative senescence, unlike most normal somatic cells with definite replicative lifespan. T cells in blood and tissues are usually in a state of quiescence without expression of the limiting catalytic subunit of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). In contrast to activation, repression of hTERT transcription has not been studied well. Our previous studies have found an hTERT promoter element with repressive function. Here we identified KLF2, which represses hTERT transcription by binding to the putative promoter element. KLF2 and hTERT exhibited reciprocal mRNA expression patterns in primary human T cells. In activated T cells, KLF2 binding to the hTERT promoter was eliminated, relieving the repression of hTERT transcription found in resting T cells. Our results suggest that KLF2 is involved in strict repression of hTERT expression through binding to the promoter in primary human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Hara
- From the Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and the Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Mariko Mizuguchi
- From the Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- the Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakamura
- From the Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510 and
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Li M, Chen SM, Chen C, Zhang ZX, Dai MY, Zhang LB, Wang SB, Dai Q, Tao ZZ. microRNA‑299‑3p inhibits laryngeal cancer cell growth by targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4645-9. [PMID: 25634687 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression has been linked to cancer development. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti‑cancer effect of miRNA‑299‑3p on laryngeal cancer Hep‑2 cells is mediated through targeting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The expression of miR‑299‑3p in laryngeal cancer Hep‑2 cells and human osteosarcoma U2OS cells was quantified by stem‑loop‑mediated reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR‑299‑3p mimic was transfected into Hep‑2 cells to induce overexpression of miR‑299‑3p. A CCK‑8 assay was performed to identify the effects of miR‑299‑3p overexpression on the proliferation of Hep‑2 cells. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the expression of hTERT protein. A significant decrease was noted in the expression of miR‑299‑3p in Hep‑2 cells compared with that of U2OS cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR‑299‑3p resulted in a notable inhibition of cellular proliferation (P<0.05), as well as downregulation of hTERT mRNA and protein in Hep‑2 cells (P>0.05). The expression of miR‑299‑3p is downregulated in human laryngeal cancer Hep‑2 cells. Overexpression of miR‑299‑3p inhibits Hep‑2 cell growth by targeting the 3'‑untranslated region of hTERT mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yuan Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Bo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Bin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Picariello L, Grappone C, Polvani S, Galli A. Telomerase activity: An attractive target for cancer therapeutics. World J Pharmacol 2014; 3:86-96. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v3.i4.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are non-coding tandem repeats of 1000-2000 TTAGGG nucleotide DNA sequences on the 3’ termini of human chromosomes where they serve as protective “caps” from degradation and loss of genes. The “cap” at the end of chromosome required to protect its integrity is a 150-200 nucleotide-long single stranded G-rich 3’ overhang that forms two higher order structures, a T-loop with Sheltering complex, or a G-quadruplex complex. Telomerase is a human ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that continually added single stranded TTAGGG DNA sequences onto the single strand 3’ of telomere in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Telomerase activity is detected in male germ line cells, proliferative cells of renewal tissues, some adult pluripotent stem cells, embryonic cells, but in most somatic cells is not detected. Re-expression or up-regulation of telomerase in tumours cells is considered as a critical step in cell tumorigenesis and telomerase is widely considered as a tumour marker and a target for anticancer drugs. Different approaches have been used in anticancer therapeutics targeting telomerase. Telomerase inhibitors can block directly Human TElomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) or Human TElomerase RNA telomerase subunits activity, or G-quadruplex and Sheltering complex components, shortening telomeres and inhibiting cell proliferation. Telomerase can become an immune target and GV1001, Vx-001, I540 are the most widespread vaccines used with encouraging results. Another method is to use hTERT promoter to drive suicide gene expression or to control a lytic virus replication. Recently telomerase activity was used to activate pro-drugs such as Acycloguanosyl 5’-thymidyltriphosphate, a synthetic ACV-derived molecule when it is activated by telomerase it does not require any virus or host active immune response to induce suicide gene therapy. Advantage of all these therapies is that target only neoplastic cells without any effects in normal cells, avoiding toxicity and adverse effects of the current chemotherapy. However, as not all the approaches are equally efficient, further studies will be necessary.
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McAllister KA, Yasseen AA, McKerr G, Downes CS, McKelvey-Martin VJ. FISH comets show that the salvage enzyme TK1 contributes to gene-specific DNA repair. Front Genet 2014; 5:233. [PMID: 25152750 PMCID: PMC4126492 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a salvage enzyme that phosphorylates thymidine, imported from surrounding fluids, to create dTMP, which is further phosphorylated to the DNA precursor dTTP. TK1 deficiency has for a long time been known to cause increased cellular sensitivity to DNA damage. We have examined preferential strand break repair of DNA domains in TK1(+) and TK1(-) clones of the Raji cell line, by the Comet-FISH technique, in bulk DNA and in the actively transcribed tumor suppressor (TP53) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene regions, over 1 h after 5Gy γ-irradiation. Results showed that repair of the TP53 and hTERT gene regions was more efficient in TK1(+) compared to TK1(-) cells, a trend also reflected to a lesser degree in genomic DNA repair between the cell-lines. The targeted gene-specific repair in TK(+) cells occurred rapidly, mainly over the first 15 min repair-period. Therefore, TK1 is needed for preferential repair of actively transcribed regions, through a previously unsuspected mechanism. In principle, TK1 could exert its protective effects through supply of a supplementary dTTP pool for accurate repair of damaged genes; but Raji TK1(+) cells in thymidine free media still show preferential repair of transcribed regions. TK1 therefore does not exert its protective effects through dTTP pools, but through another unidentified mechanism, which affects sensitivity to and mutagenicity by DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akeel A Yasseen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa Kufa, Iraq
| | - George McKerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster Coleraine, UK
| | - C S Downes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster Coleraine, UK
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Tedone E, Arosio B, Gussago C, Casati M, Ferri E, Ogliari G, Ronchetti F, Porta A, Massariello F, Nicolini P, Mari D. Leukocyte telomere length and prevalence of age-related diseases in semisupercentenarians, centenarians and centenarians' offspring. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:90-5. [PMID: 24975295 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians and their offspring are increasingly considered a useful model to study and characterize the mechanisms underlying healthy aging and longevity. The aim of this project is to compare the prevalence of age-related diseases and telomere length (TL), a marker of biological age and mortality, across five groups of subjects: semisupercentenarians (SSCENT) (105-109years old), centenarians (CENT) (100-104years old), centenarians' offspring (CO), age- and gender-matched offspring of parents who both died at an age in line with life expectancy (CT) and age- and gender-matched offspring of both non-long-lived parents (NLO). Information was collected on lifestyle, past and current diseases, medical history and medication use. SSCENT displayed a lower prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (p=0.027), angina (p=0.016) and depression (p=0.021) relative to CENT. CO appeared to be healthier compared to CT who, in turn, displayed a lower prevalence of both arrhythmia (p=0.034) and hypertension (p=0.046) than NLO, characterized by the lowest parental longevity. Interestingly, CO and SSCENT exhibited the longest (p<0.001) and the shortest (p<0.001) telomeres respectively while CENT showed no difference in TL compared to the younger CT and NLO. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that the longevity of parents may influence the health status of their offspring. Moreover, our data also suggest that both CENT and their offspring may be characterized by a better TL maintenance which, in turn, may contribute to their longevity and healthy aging. The observation that SSCENT showed considerable shorter telomeres compared to CENT may suggest a progressive impairment of TL maintenance mechanisms over the transition from centenarian to semisupercentenarian age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Tedone
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gussago
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ogliari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ronchetti
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porta
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Massariello
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicolini
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Geriatric Unit, Fondazione CaGranda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Grandjenette C, Schnekenburger M, Karius T, Ghelfi J, Gaigneaux A, Henry E, Dicato M, Diederich M. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-mediated c-myc Down-regulation triggers telomere-dependent senescence by regulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase in chronic myeloid leukemia. Neoplasia 2014; 16:511-28. [PMID: 24970385 PMCID: PMC4198755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased proliferation rates as well as resistance to apoptosis are considered major obstacles for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), thus highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Since senescence has been recognized as a physiological barrier against tumorigenesis, senescence-based therapy could represent a new strategy against CML. DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) was reported to induce cellular senescence but underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that exposure to DAC triggers senescence in chronic leukemia cell lines as evidenced by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and lysosomal mass, accompanied by an up-regulation of cell cycle-related genes. We provide evidence that DAC is able to decrease telomere length, to reduce telomerase activity and to decrease human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression through decreased binding of c-myc to the hTERT promoter. Altogether, our results reveal the role of c-myc in telomere-dependent DAC-induced senescence and therefore provide new clues for improving chronic human leukemia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Grandjenette
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tommy Karius
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Estelle Henry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Jung SW, Park NH, Shin JW, Park BR, Kim CJ, Lee JE, Shin ES, Kim JA, Chung YH. Prognostic impact of telomere maintenance gene polymorphisms on hepatocellular carcinoma patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2014; 59:1912-20. [PMID: 23907815 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our goal was to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomere maintenance genes influence the development and clinical outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated 20 SNPs of five telomere maintenance genes in 702 patients with HCC and 351 hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive controls without HCC. Significant SNPs were then validated in an independent cohort of 857 HCC patients and 429 controls. We assessed the association of each SNP with the development of HCC and overall survival through a multivariate Cox proportional analysis. A significantly increased risk of HCC development was identified for the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) rs1713449 SNP in both the discovery and replication phases (combined odds ratio = 1.42, P = 9.378 × 10(-5) ). In addition, the TEP1 rs1713449, TEP1 rs872072, protection of telomeres 1 homolog rs7784168, telomerase reverse transcriptase rs13167280, and telomeric repeat binding factor 1 rs2306494 SNPs had a significant effect on the overall survival, and a similar survival effect was validated in the replication cohort. Moreover, there was a significant dose-dependent association between the number of putatively high-risk genotypes of the five aforementioned SNPs and overall survival. The median survival time was significantly prolonged for patients with HCC with two or fewer putatively high-risk genotypes versus those with three or more high-risk genotypes (85 versus 44 months, log-rank P = 4.483 × 10(-5) ), and this was demonstrated in the replication cohort (52 versus 37 months, log-rank P = 0.026). CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the SNPs of telomere maintenance genes play a potential role in the development of HCC and the survival of HCC patients with chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
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Lotfi RA, El Zawahry KM, Kamar ZA, Hashem Z. Effects of smoking on human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in the skin. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1205-12. [PMID: 24601896 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that cap chromosomal ends, promoting chromosome stability. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex with a direct telomere protective function. Telomere shortening represents lifetime exposure to oxidative stress and is negatively correlated with age, smoking, and mortality. Smoking increases oxidative DNA modification and thus may influence telomere dynamics and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of smoking on hTERT expression in the skin of smokers and non-smokers. METHODS A cross-sectional study in 20 current smokers and 20 non-smokers was conducted. Three-mm punch skin biopsies were obtained. Biopsies were examined in routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression of hTERT. RESULTS All skin biopsies from smokers and non-smokers showed cytoplasmic staining in epidermal cells. Sections positive for hTERT expression showed nuclear and some nucleolar staining in cells of the basal and suprabasal layers. In the dermis, hTERT expression was present in some skin appendages. The epidermis of smokers showed positive hTERT in 55% and negative hTERT in 45% of biopsies. The epidermis of non-smokers showed positive hTERT in 70% and negative hTERT in 30% of biopsies (P > 0.05). Among smokers, 20% showed positive and 80% showed negative hTERT expression in the dermis. Among non-smokers, 30% showed positive and 70% showed negative hTERT expression in the dermis. A higher mean pack year value was found in subjects with negative rather than positive hTERT expression (P < 0.01). In addition, pack year was inversely correlated with hTERT expression in the epidermis (P < 0.05): as pack year increased, hTERT expression decreased. Mean pack year values were higher in subjects with negative rather than positive hTERT expression in the dermis (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This research focused on smoking as a lifestyle factor that may alter telomere length and subsequently telomerase kinetics in the skin. Findings showed a higher percentage of negative hTERT in the epidermis and dermis among smokers compared with non-smokers and a higher percentage of positive hTERT expression among non-smokers (not significant). The results of this work showed a statistically significant higher mean pack year count among cases with negative rather than positive hTERT expression in the epidermis and dermis. Pack year count was inversely correlated to hTERT scoring in the epidermis (percentage of cells stained) and hTERT expression in the dermis. Thus, smoking may affect telomerase activity in the skin, thereby contributing to skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya A Lotfi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ale-Agha N, Dyballa-Rukes N, Jakob S, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Cellular functions of the dual-targeted catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase--potential role in senescence and aging. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:189-93. [PMID: 24583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years it has become clear that telomeres, the end of the chromosomes, and the enzyme telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which is required to counteract their shortening, play a pivotal role in senescence and aging. However, over the last years several studies demonstrated that TERT belongs to the group of dual-targeted proteins. It contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal as well as a mitochondrial targeting sequence and, under physiological conditions, is found in both organelles in several cell types including terminally differentiated, post-mitotic cells. The canonical function of TERT is to prevent telomere erosion and thereby the development of replicative senescence and genetic instability. Besides telomere extension, TERT exhibits other non-telomeric activities such as cell cycle regulation, modulation of cellular signaling and gene expression, augmentation of proliferative lifespan as well as DNA damage responses. Mitochondrial TERT is able to reduce reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis. Because of the localization of TERT in the nucleus and in the mitochondria, it must have different functions in the two organelles as mitochondrial DNA does not contain telomeric structures. However, the organelle-specific functions are not completely understood. Strikingly, the regulation by phosphorylation of TERT seems to reveal multiple parallels. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the cellular functions and post-translational regulation of the dual-targeted protein TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Ale-Agha
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sascha Jakob
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Germany; IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Chen W, Qin L, Wang S, Li M, Shi D, Tian Y, Wang J, Fu L, Li Z, Guo W, Yu W, Yuan Y, Kang T, Huang W, Deng W. CPSF4 activates telomerase reverse transcriptase and predicts poor prognosis in human lung adenocarcinomas. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:704-16. [PMID: 24618080 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated expression and activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is associated with the unlimited proliferation of cancer cells. However, the excise mechanism of hTERT regulation during carcinogenesis is not well understood. In this study, we discovered cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4 (CPSF4) as a novel tumor-specific hTERT promoter-regulating protein in lung cancer cells and identified the roles of CPSF4 in regulating lung hTERT and lung cancer growth. The ectopic overexpression of CPSF4 upregulated the hTERT promoter-driven report gene expression and activated the endogenous hTERT mRNA and protein expression and the telomerase activity in lung cancer cells and normal lung cells. In contrast, the knockdown of CPSF4 by siRNA had the opposite effects. CPSF4 knockdown also significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in lung cancer cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model in vivo, and this inhibitory effect was partially mediated by decreasing the expression of hTERT. High expression of both CPSF4 and hTERT proteins were detected in lung adenocarcinoma cells by comparison with the normal lung cells. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis of lung adenocarcinomas also revealed a strong positive correlation between the expression of CPSF4 and hTERT proteins. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high levels of CPSF4 and hTERT expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with low CPSF4 and hTERT expression levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CPSF4 plays a critical role in the regulation of hTERT expression and lung tumorigenesis and may be a new prognosis factor in lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbing Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingshu Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyi Fu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglin Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China.
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Wu XQ, Huang C, He X, Tian YY, Zhou DX, He Y, Liu XH, Li J. Feedback regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase: new insight into the evolving field of telomerase in cancer. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2462-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Li F, Guo Y, Jiang X, Zhong J, Li G, Sun S. Aspirin inhibits human telomerase activation in unstable carotid plaques. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:204-208. [PMID: 23935747 PMCID: PMC3735718 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of telomerase in unstable plaques is an important factor in atherosclerosis, and may be predictive of the risk of cerebrovascular diseases. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a subunit of telomerase that is essential for telomerase activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether aspirin inhibits the activation of telomerase and hTERT in unstable carotid plaques. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) derived from carotid plaques were isolated from the washing medium of angioplasty balloons, while circulating PMNs, isolated from arterial blood, served as the controls. A polymerase chain reaction-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the telomerase activity in the cells following treatment with aspirin. The mRNA and protein expression of hTERT were detected by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results revealed that the atherosclerotic plaques were positive for telomerase activity, and that aspirin inhibited the telomerase activity of the PMNs derived from the plaques. In addition, aspirin was demonstrated to inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of hTERT through the suppression of hTERT transcriptional activity; however, it had no inhibitory effect on the telomerase activity of the circulating PMNs. Thus, the activation of telomerase in resident PMNs is critical in the instability of carotid plaques. The upregulation of telomerase and hTERT during the progression of atherosclerosis may indicate a role for telomerase in the vascular remodeling that occurs during atherogenesis. Aspirin was demonstrated to inhibit the activation of telomerase via an hTERT-dependent manner in the PMN cells of unstable carotid plaques, and thus hTERT may be considered as a target in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529070
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