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Nakayama I, Qi C, Chen Y, Nakamura Y, Shen L, Shitara K. Claudin 18.2 as a novel therapeutic target. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:354-369. [PMID: 38503878 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Claudin 18.2, a tight-junction molecule predominantly found in the nonmalignant gastric epithelium, becomes accessible on the tumour cell surface during malignant transformation, thereby providing an appealing target for cancer therapy. Data from two phase III trials testing the anti-claudin 18.2 antibody zolbetuximab have established claudin 18.2-positive advanced-stage gastric cancers as an independent therapeutic subset that derives benefit from the addition of this agent to chemotherapy. This development has substantially increased the percentage of patients eligible for targeted therapy. Furthermore, newer treatments, such as high-affinity monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells and antibody-drug conjugates capable of bystander killing effects, have shown considerable promise in patients with claudin 18.2-expressing gastric cancers. This new development has resulted from drug developers moving beyond traditional targets, such as driver gene alterations or growth factors. In this Review, we highlight the biological rationale and explore the clinical activity of therapies that target claudin 18.2 in patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer and explore the potential for expansion of claudin 18.2-targeted therapies to patients with other claudin 18.2-positive solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Changsong Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- Translational Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- International Research Promotion Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
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Role of E2F transcription factor in Oral cancer: Recent Insight and Advancements. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:28-41. [PMID: 36924812 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The family of mammalian E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) comprise of 8 members (E2F1-E2F8) classified as activators (E2F1-E2F3) and repressors (E2F4-E2F8) primarily regulating the expression of several genes related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, mainly in a cell cycle-dependent manner. E2F activity is frequently controlled via the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclins, p53 and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, genetic or epigenetic changes result in the deregulation of E2F family genes expression altering S phase entry and apoptosis, an important hallmark for the onset and development of cancer. Although studies reveal E2Fs to be involved in several human malignancies, the mechanisms underlying the role of E2Fs in oral cancer lies nascent and needs further investigations. This review focuses on the role of E2Fs in oral cancer and the etiological factors regulating E2Fs activity, which in turn transcriptionally control the expression of their target genes, thus contributing to cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug/therapy resistance. Further, we will discuss therapeutic strategies for E2Fs, which may prevent oral tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Yadav R, Kumar Y, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. Claudins: The Newly Emerging Targets in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:737-752. [PMID: 36175290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancers are recently described entities showing low expression of certain claudins and cell adhesion molecules. Claudins constitute the backbone of tight junctions (TJs) formed between 2 cells. Their dysregulation plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. First part of the article focuses on the role of claudins in the TJ organization, their structural-functional characteristics, and post-transcriptional and translational modifications. The latter part of the review attempts to summarize existing knowledge regarding the status of claudins in breast cancer. The article also provides an overview of the effect of claudins on tumor progression, metastasis, stemness, chemotherapy resistance, and their crosstalk with relevant signaling pathways in breast cancer. Claudins can act as 2-edged swords in tumors. Some claudins have either tumor-suppressive/ promoting action, while others work as both in a context-dependent manner. Claudins regulate many important events in breast cancer. However, the intricacies involved in their activity are poorly understood. Post-translational modifications in claudins and their impact on TJ integrity, function, and tumor behavior are still unclear. Although their role in adverse events in breast cancer is recognized, their potential to serve as relevant targets for future therapeutics, especially for difficult-to-treat subtypes of the above malignancy, remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Zejc T, Piontek J, Schulzke JD, Fromm M, Ervens J, Rosenthal R. Clinical Significance of Claudin Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911234. [PMID: 36232536 PMCID: PMC9569574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A change in claudin expression has been demonstrated in various tumors. The present study specifically compares claudin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with healthy oral epithelium from the same individual and analyzes the association between claudin expression and the clinically relevant course parameters. Our study includes tissue samples and clinically relevant follow-up data from 60 patients with primary and untreated OSCC. The oral mucosa was analyzed via Western blot for the expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -7. Importantly, the tumor and healthy tissues were obtained pairwise from patients, allowing for intraindividual comparisons. Both the healthy and tumor epithelium from the oral cavity did not express the claudin-3 protein. The intraindividual comparison revealed that, in OSCC, claudin-2 expression was higher, and the expression of claudin-4, -5, and -7 was lower than in healthy epithelium. An association was found between increased claudin-2 expression and shorter relapse-free survival. In addition, the reduced expression of claudin-4 had a negative impact on relapse-free survival. Furthermore, associations between the reduced expression of claudin-7 and the stage of a tumor, or the presence of lymph node metastases, were found. Thus, the expression level of claudin-2, -4, and -7 appears to be predictive of the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Zejc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fromm
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ervens
- Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Rudower Straße 48, Neukölln, 12351 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Rosenthal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-514-527
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Gül D, Habtemichael N, Dietrich D, Dietrich J, Gößwein D, Khamis A, Deuss E, Künzel J, Schneider G, Strieth S, Stauber RH. Identification of cytokeratin24 as a tumor suppressor for the management of head and neck cancer. Biol Chem 2021; 403:869-890. [PMID: 34450690 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, we need to increase our understanding of carcinogenesis, to identify biomarkers, and drug targets. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers by providing transcriptomics profiles of matched primary tumors, lymph node metastasis, and non-malignant tissue of 20 HNSCC patients as well as by bioinformatic analyses of a TCGA HNSCC cohort, comprising 554 patients. We provide cancer cell signaling networks differentially expressed in tumors versus metastases, such as mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and structural integrity networks. As a proof of principle study, we exploited the data sets and performed functional analyses of a novel cytokeratin, cytokeratin24 (cKRT24), which had not been described as biomarker for tumors before. Survival analysis revealed that low cKRT24 expression correlated with poor overall survival in HNSCC. Experimentally, downregulation of cKRT24 in primary tumors, metastases, and HNSCC cell lines was verified on mRNA and protein level. Cloning and ectopic overexpression of cKRT24 not only affected viability and growth of HNSSC cell lines, but also inhibited tumor growth in murine xenograft studies. We conclude that cKRT24 functions as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC, and may serve as an additional prognostic biomarker and novel target to support current HNSCC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Gül
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Negusse Habtemichael
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,University Medical Center Bonn, D-53127Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,University Medical Center Bonn, D-53127Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gößwein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Aya Khamis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany
| | - Eric Deuss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, D-45147Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Künzel
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, University Hospital, D-93053Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,University Medical Center Bonn, D-53127Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center, D-55131Mainz, Germany
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Ogino M, Fujii T, Nakazawa Y, Higuchi T, Koibuchi Y, Oyama T, Horiguchi J, Shirabe K. Implications of Topoisomerase (TOP1 and TOP2α) Expression in Patients With Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:3483-3487. [PMID: 33144457 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We evaluated the usefulness of topoisomerases (TOPs) expression as prognostic predictors in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated sixty cases with primary breast cancer. We evaluated the tumor and non-tumor mRNA levels of TOP1 and TOP2α using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. TOP1/TOP2α positivity was defined as the ratio of the mRNA expression of cancer/normal tissue of >1 for both TOP1 and TOP2α. RESULTS TOP1 and TOP2α were markedly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues. Of the 60 cases, 46 (76.7%) were positive for TOP1/TOP2α. The relapse-free survival was relatively shorter for patients with positive TOP1/TOP2α. There was no recurrent disease among the 14 patients who were negative for TOP1/TOP2α, whereas four of the 46 TOP1/TOP2α-positive patients had disease recurrence. CONCLUSION Negative TOP1 or TOP2α expression may be useful for predicting better prognoses in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Ogino
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan .,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakazawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toru Higuchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukio Koibuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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da Silva SD, Marchi FA, Su J, Yang L, Valverde L, Hier J, Bijian K, Hier M, Mlynarek A, Kowalski LP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Co-Overexpression of TWIST1-CSF1 Is a Common Event in Metastatic Oral Cancer and Drives Biologically Aggressive Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010153. [PMID: 33466385 PMCID: PMC7795342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often ulcerated and heavily infiltrated by pro-inflammatory cells. We conducted a genome-wide profiling of tissues from OSCC patients (early versus advanced stages) with 10 years follow-up. Co-amplification and co-overexpression of TWIST1, a transcriptional activator of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1), a major chemotactic agent for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), were observed in metastatic OSCC cases. The overexpression of these markers strongly predicted poor patient survival (log-rank test, p = 0.0035 and p = 0.0219). Protein analysis confirmed the enhanced expression of TWIST1 and CSF1 in metastatic tissues. In preclinical models using OSCC cell lines, macrophages, and an in vivo matrigel plug assay, we demonstrated that TWIST1 gene overexpression induces the activation of CSF1 while TWIST1 gene silencing down-regulates CSF1 preventing OSCC invasion. Furthermore, excessive macrophage activation and polarization was observed in co-culture system involving OSCC cells overexpressing TWIST1. In summary, this study provides insight into the cooperation between TWIST1 transcription factor and CSF1 to promote OSCC invasiveness and opens up the potential therapeutic utility of currently developed antibodies and small molecules targeting cancer-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: or (S.D.d.S.); (M.A.A.-J.); Tel.: +1-514-340-8222 (S.D.d.S.)
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (F.A.M.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Jie Su
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Ludmila Valverde
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Jessica Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (L.V.); (J.H.); (M.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo 01509-010, Brazil; (F.A.M.); (L.P.K.)
| | - Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: or (S.D.d.S.); (M.A.A.-J.); Tel.: +1-514-340-8222 (S.D.d.S.)
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Huang G, Cheng W, Xi F. Integrated genomic and methylation profile analysis to identify candidate tumor marker genes in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4503-4514. [PMID: 31611959 PMCID: PMC6781519 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant genomic expression and methylation serve important roles in cancer development. Integrated analysis of genetic and methylation profiles may identify potential tumor marker genes for colorectal cancer (CRC) prediction. In the current study, DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles associated with CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differentially expressed mRNAs and methylated genes between tumor samples and adjacent healthy tissues were identified. Candidate tumor marker genes and prognostic clinical factors were screened according to univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. A total of 218 DEGs with aberrant methylation levels were screened from tumor samples. A risk prediction model was constructed based on identified genes and clinical factors. Randomization tests were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model, including area under the curve (AUC) calculation and cross-validation. Cox regression analysis revealed that eight genes and six prognostic clinical factors were significantly associated with survival outcomes. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the eight genes were mainly involved in ‘cell adhesion’, ‘fatty acid metabolism’ and ‘cytokine receptor interaction’ pathways. After combining six clinical factors with eight genes, the accuracy of risk prediction model has been increased intensively. The P-values representing the association between risk grouping and prognosis decreased from 0.009 to 0.001 and the AUC increased from 0.992 to 0.999, indicating that the comprehensive risk prediction model exhibited a good performance for disease prognosis prediction. The current study integrated genomic and methylation profiles and identified eight tumor marker genes in CRC. These candidate genes may improve the prediction accuracy of CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Huang
- Department of Oncology, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, P.R. China
| | - Wang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, P.R. China
| | - Fu Xi
- Department of Oncology, Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 611730, P.R. China
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Mori Y, Akita K, Ojima K, Iwamoto S, Yamashita T, Morii E, Nakada H. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) phosphorylation by protein kinase C α/δ (PKCα/δ) enhances cell motility. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11513-11524. [PMID: 31177095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of tight junctions is a critical step during the initial stage of tumor progression. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) belongs to the family of tumor-associated calcium signal transducer (TACSTD) and is required for the stability of claudin-7 and claudin-1, which are often dysregulated or lost in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the effects of Trop-2 phosphorylation on cell motility. Analyses using HCT116 cells expressing WT Trop-2 (HCT116/WT) or Trop-2 alanine-substituted at Ser-303 (HCT116/S303A) or Ser-322 (HCT116/S322A) revealed that Trop-2 is phosphorylated at Ser-322. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation and Transwell assays indicated that Trop-2 S322A interacted with claudin-7 the strongest, and a phosphomimetic variant, Trop-2 S322E, the weakest and that HCT116/S322E cells have the highest motility and HCT116/S322A cells the lowest. All cell lines had similar levels of claudin-7 mRNA, but levels of claudin-7 protein were markedly decreased in the HCT116/S322E cells, suggesting posttranscriptional control of claudin-7. Moreover, claudin-7 was clearly localized to cell-cell borders in HCT116/S322A cells but was diffusely distributed on the membrane and partially localized in the cytoplasm of HCT116/S322E and HCT116/WT cells. These observations suggested that Trop-2 phosphorylation plays a role in the decrease or mislocalization of claudin-7. Using protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and PKC-specific siRNAs, we found that PKCα and PKCδ are responsible for Trop-2 phosphorylation. Of note, chemical PKC inhibition and PKCα- and PKCδ-specific siRNAs reduced motility. In summary, our findings provide evidence that Trop-2 is phosphorylated at Ser-322 by PKCα/δ and that this phosphorylation enhances cell motility and decreases claudin-7 localization to cellular borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Mori
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Akita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ojima
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Shungo Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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10
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Expressional analysis of disease-relevant signalling-pathways in primary tumours and metastasis of head and neck cancers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7326. [PMID: 29743718 PMCID: PMC5943339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often metastasize to lymph nodes resulting in poor prognosis for patients. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to tumour aggressiveness, recurrences, and metastasis are still not fully understood. However, such knowledge is key to identify biomarkers and drug targets to improve prognosis and treatments. Consequently, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of 15 primary HNSSCs compared to corresponding lymph node metastases and non-malignant tissue of the same patient. Differentially expressed genes were bioinformatically exploited applying stringent filter criteria, allowing the discrimination between normal mucosa, primary tumours, and metastases. Signalling networks involved in invasion contain remodelling of the extracellular matrix, hypoxia-induced transcriptional modulation, and the recruitment of cancer associated fibroblasts, ultimately converging into a broad activation of PI3K/AKT-signalling pathway in lymph node metastasis. Notably, when we compared the diagnostic and prognostic value of sequencing data with our expression analysis significant differences were uncovered concerning the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and ERBB2, as well as other oncogenic regulators. Particularly, upregulated receptor tyrosine kinase combinations for individual patients varied, implying potential compensatory and resistance mechanisms against specific targeted therapies. Collectively, we here provide unique transcriptional profiles for disease predictions and comprehensively analyse involved signalling pathways in advanced HNSCC.
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11
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Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18422-18434. [PMID: 29719615 PMCID: PMC5915082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N. Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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12
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Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29719615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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13
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Tenascin-C and fibronectin expression divide early stage tongue cancer into low- and high-risk groups. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:640-648. [PMID: 28095396 PMCID: PMC5344290 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) metastasises early, especially to regional lymph nodes. There is an ongoing debate on which early stage (T1-T2N0) patients should be treated with elective neck dissection. We need prognosticators for early stage tongue cancer. Methods: Mice immunisation with human mesenchymal stromal cells resulted in production of antibodies against tenascin-C (TNC) and fibronectin (FN), which were used to stain 178 (98 early stage), oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma samples. Tenascin-C and FN expression in the stroma (negative, moderate or abundant) and tumour cells (negative or positive) were assessed. Similar staining was obtained using corresponding commercial antibodies. Results: Expression of TNC and FN in the stroma, but not in the tumour cells, proved to be excellent prognosticators both in all stages and in early stage cases. Among early stages, when stromal TNC was negative, the 5-year survival rate was 88%. Correspondingly, when FN was negative, no cancer deaths were observed. Five-year survival rates for abundant expression of TNC and FN were 43% and 25%, respectively. Conclusions: Stromal TNC and, especially, FN expressions differentiate patients into low- and high-risk groups. Surgery alone of early stage primary tumours might be adequate when stromal FN is negative. Aggressive treatments should be considered when both TNC and FN are abundant.
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14
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Bruna F, Arango-Rodríguez M, Plaza A, Espinoza I, Conget P. The administration of multipotent stromal cells at precancerous stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:5-13. [PMID: 27939557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are envisioned as a powerful therapeutic tool. As they home into tumors, secrete trophic and vasculogenic factors, and suppress immune response their role in carcinogenesis is a matter of controversy. Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common epithelial cancer. Our aim was to determine whether MSC administration at precancerous stage modifies the natural progression of OSCC. OSCC was induced in Syrian hamsters by topical application of DMBA in the buccal pouch. At papilloma stage, the vehicle or 3×106 allogenic bone marrow-derived MSCs were locally administered. Four weeks later, the lesions were studied according to: volume, stratification (histology), proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (Caspase 3 cleaved), vasculature (ASMA), inflammation (Leukocyte infiltrate), differentiation (CK1 and CK4) and gene expression profile (mRNA). Tumors found in individuals that received MSCs were smaller than those presented in the vehicle group (87±80 versus 54±62mm3, p<0.05). The rate of proliferation was two times lower and the apoptosis was 2.5 times higher in lesions treated with MSCs than in untreated ones. While the laters presented dedifferentiated cells, the former maintained differentiated cells (cytokeratin and gene expression profile similar to normal tissue). Thus, MSC administration at papilloma stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bruna
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martha Arango-Rodríguez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iris Espinoza
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulette Conget
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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da Silva SD, Marchi FA, Xu B, Bijian K, Alobaid F, Mlynarek A, Rogatto SR, Hier M, Kowalski LP, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Predominant Rab-GTPase amplicons contributing to oral squamous cell carcinoma progression to metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21950-63. [PMID: 26110570 PMCID: PMC4673138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is frequently associated with recurrent gene abnormalities at specific chromosomal loci. Here, we utilized array comparative genomic hybridization and genome-wide screening of metastatic and non-metastatic tongue tumors to investigate genes potentially contributing to OSCC progression to metastasis. We identified predominant amplifications of chromosomal regions that encompass the RAB5, RAB7 and RAB11 genes (3p24-p22, 3q21.3 and 8p11-12, respectively) in metastatic OSCC. The expression of these Rab GTPases was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in OSCC tissues from a cohort of patients with a follow-up of 10 years. A significant overexpression of Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 was observed in advanced OSCC cases and co-overexpression of these Rabs was predictive of poor survival (log-rank test, P = 0.006). We generated a Rab interaction network and identified central Rab interactions of relevance to metastasis signaling, including focal adhesion proteins. In preclinical models, mRNA and protein expression levels of these Rab members were elevated in a panel of invasive OSCC cell lines, and their down-regulation prevented cell invasion at least in part via inhibition of focal adhesion disassembly. In summary, our results provide insights into the cooperative role of Rab gene amplifications in OSCC progression and support their potential utility as prognostic markers and therapeutic approach for advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), Brazil
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, and International Research Center (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil.,Inter-Institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bin Xu
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Faisal Alobaid
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- NeoGene Laboratory, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, UNESP, and International Research Center (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), Brazil
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
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16
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Xiao JL, Meng JH, Gan YH, Li YL, Zhou CY, Ma XC. DNA methylation profiling in different phases of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:105-15. [PMID: 27127843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a complex disease with strong genetic and epigenetic components in its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation in mandibular head cartilage in different phases of experimentally-induced TMJOA in rats. DESIGN DNA methylation was evaluated using microarrays in the mandibular head cartilage of early, intermediate and late stage experimentally-induced TMJOA, and of the normal age-matched control groups. Genes with differentially methylated CpG sites were analyzed to reveal the over-represented gene ontologies and pathways at different stages, and were compared with published expression profiles to assess their overlappings. The DNA methylation patterns of the target genes were validated by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation qPCR in additional independent cartilage samples and mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed 9489 differentially methylated regions between the TMJOA and controls. A total of 440 consistently altered genes were revealed in all three stages; most (80%) were hypomethylated and many were associated with cell cycle regulation. We also detected different DNA methylation changes in early and late stage TMJOA (Rearly=0.68, Rlate=0.47), while the differences between age-matched healthy cartilage were subtle. Strong inverse changes between methylation status and mRNA levels were confirmed in Adamts5, Chad, Cldn11 and Tnf. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveals dynamic DNA methylation patterns during the progression of TMJOA, with a different host of genes and pathways. The changes of cartilage DNA methylation patterns might contribute to understand the etiologic mechanisms of TMJOA epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Juan-Hong Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Ya-Li Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xu-Chen Ma
- Center for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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17
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Barkeer S, Guha N, Hothpet V, Saligrama Adavigowda D, Hegde P, Padmanaban A, Yu LG, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR. Molecular mechanism of anticancer effect of Sclerotium rolfsii lectin in HT29 cells involves differential expression of genes associated with multiple signaling pathways: A microarray analysis. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1375-91. [PMID: 26347523 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii lectin (SRL) is a lectin isolated from fungus S. rolfsii and has high binding specificity toward the oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich carbohydrate antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAc-α-O-Ser/Thr, T or TF), which is expressed in more than 90% of human cancers. Our previous studies have shown that binding of SRL to human colon, breast and ovarian cancer cells induces cell apoptosis in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. This study investigated the SRL-mediated cell signaling in human colon cancer HT29 cells by mRNA and miRNA microarrays. It was found that SRL treatment results in altered expression of several hundred molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-JUN-associated, apoptosis-associated and cell cycle and DNA replication-associated signaling molecules. Pathway analysis using GeneSpring 12.6.1 revealed that SRL treatment induces changes of MAPK and c-JUN-associated signaling pathways as early as 2 h while changes of cell cycle, DNA replication and apoptosis pathways were significantly affected only after 24 h. A significant change of cell miRNA expression was also observed after 12 h treatment of the cells with SRL. These changes were further validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. This study thus suggests that the presence of SRL affects multiple signaling pathways in cancer cells with early effects on cell proliferation pathways associated with MAPK and c-JUN, followed by miRNA-associated cell activity and apoptosis. This provides insight information into the molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of this fungal lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - Nilanjan Guha
- Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore 560048, India
| | | | | | - Prajna Hegde
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | | | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Bale M Swamy
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Shashikala R Inamdar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, India Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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18
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Karabulut M, Alis H, Bas K, Karabulut S, Afsar CU, Oguz H, Gunaldi M, Akarsu C, Kones O, Aykan NF. Clinical significance of serum claudin-1 and claudin-7 levels in patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1255-1267. [PMID: 26807230 PMCID: PMC4665381 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels and clinical relevance of claudin (CLDN) 1 and CLDN7 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 140 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CRC were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of CLDN1 and CLDN7 were determined using the solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. A total of 40 healthy age- and gender-matched controls were included in the analysis. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 24-84 years). The localization of the tumor in the majority of the patients was the colon (n=81, 58%). Of the 55 metastatic patients who received palliative chemotheraphy, 31% were chemotherapy-responsive. The baseline median serum CLDN1 and CLDN7 levels were significantly lower in non-metastatic and metastatic patients compared with those in healthy controls (CLND1, P=0.008 and 0.002; and CLND7, P=0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Moreover, known clinical variables, including poor performance status and high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were found to be associated with lower serum CLDN1 concentrations for all patients (P=0.03 and P=0.03, respectively). High T stage and high CEA levels were found to be correlated with lower serum CLDN7 concentrations for all patients (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). A correlation was identified between CLDN1 and CLDN7 levels in non-metastatic and metastatic CRC patients (both P-values <0.001). Our study results did not reveal any statistical significance for serum CLDN1 or CLND7 concentrations regarding progression-free and overall survival rate. Therefore, reduced serum levels of CLDN1 and CLND7 may be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karabulut
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Alis
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Bas
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Karabulut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Usul Afsar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Oguz
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Gunaldi
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Bakirköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevher Akarsu
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kones
- Clinic of General Surgery, Istanbul Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34156 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Faruk Aykan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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CLDN3 inhibits cancer aggressiveness via Wnt-EMT signaling and is a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 25277196 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies but the molecular genetic basis of this disease remains unclear. By using genome-wide methylation profiling analysis, we identified CLDN3 as an epigenetically regulated gene in cancer. Here, we investigated its function and clinical relevance in human HCC. CLDN3 downregulation occurred in 87/114 (76.3%) of primary HCCs, where it was correlated significantly with shorter survival of HCC patients (P=0.021). Moreover, multivariate cyclooxygenase regression analysis showed that CLDN3 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.014). Absent expression of CLDN3 was also detected in 67% of HCC cell lines, which was significantly associated with its promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of CLDN3 in HCC cells could inhibit cell motility, cell invasiveness, and tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistic investigations suggested through downregulation of GSK3B, CTNNB1, SNAI2, and CDH2, CLDN3 could significantly suppress metastasis by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin-epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) axis in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CLDN3 is an epigenetically silenced metastasis suppressor gene in HCC. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CLDN3 in inhibiting liver cancer cell metastasis may lead to a more effective management of HCC patients with the inactivation of CLDN3.
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20
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Jiang L, Yang YD, Fu L, Xu W, Liu D, Liang Q, Zhang X, Xu L, Guan XY, Wu B, Sung JJY, Yu J. CLDN3 inhibits cancer aggressiveness via Wnt-EMT signaling and is a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7663-76. [PMID: 25277196 PMCID: PMC4202152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies but the molecular genetic basis of this disease remains unclear. By using genome-wide methylation profiling analysis, we identified CLDN3 as an epigenetically regulated gene in cancer. Here, we investigated its function and clinical relevance in human HCC. CLDN3 downregulation occurred in 87/114 (76.3%) of primary HCCs, where it was correlated significantly with shorter survival of HCC patients (P=0.021). Moreover, multivariate cyclooxygenase regression analysis showed that CLDN3 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.014). Absent expression of CLDN3 was also detected in 67% of HCC cell lines, which was significantly associated with its promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of CLDN3 in HCC cells could inhibit cell motility, cell invasiveness, and tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistic investigations suggested through downregulation of GSK3B, CTNNB1, SNAI2, and CDH2, CLDN3 could significantly suppress metastasis by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin-epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) axis in HCC cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that CLDN3 is an epigenetically silenced metastasis suppressor gene in HCC. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CLDN3 in inhibiting liver cancer cell metastasis may lead to a more effective management of HCC patients with the inactivation of CLDN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi-Dong Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Contributed equally to this work
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Dabin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Qiaoyi Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Al Moustafa AE, Al-Awadhi R, Missaoui N, Adam I, Durusoy R, Ghabreau L, Akil N, Ahmed HG, Yasmeen A, Alsbeih G. Human papillomaviruses-related cancers. Presence and prevention strategies in the Middle east and north African regions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:1812-21. [PMID: 25424787 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Meanwhile, it is well established that infection by high-risk HPVs is considered the major cause of cervical cancer since more than 96% of these cancers are positive for high-risk HPVs, especially types 16 and 18. Moreover, during the last 2 decades, numerous studies pointed-out the possible involvement of high-risk HPV in several human carcinomas including head and neck, colorectal and breast cancers. The association between high-risk HPVs and cervical cancer and potentially other human malignancies would necessitate the introduction of vaccines which were generated against the 2 most frequent high-risk HPVs (types 16 and 18) worldwide, including the Middle East (ME) as well as North African countries. The presence of high-risk HPVs in the pathogenesis of human cancers in the ME, which is essential in order to evaluate the importance of vaccination against HPVs, has not been fully investigated yet. In this review, we present an overview of the existing epidemiological evidence regarding the presence of HPV in human cancers in the ME and the potential impact of vaccination against HPV infections and its outcome on human health in this region.
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Lu Z, Kim DH, Fan J, Lu Q, Verbanac K, Ding L, Renegar R, Chen YH. A non-tight junction function of claudin-7-Interaction with integrin signaling in suppressing lung cancer cell proliferation and detachment. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:120. [PMID: 26081244 PMCID: PMC4470020 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Claudins are a family of tight junction (TJ) membrane proteins involved in a broad spectrum of human diseases including cancer. Claudin-7 is a unique TJ membrane protein in that it has a strong basolateral membrane distribution in epithelial cells and in tissues. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the functional significance of this non-TJ localization of claudin-7 in human lung cancer cells. Methods Claudin-7 expression was suppressed or deleted by lentivirus shRNA or by targeted-gene deletion. Cell cycle analysis and antibody blocking methods were employed to assay cell proliferation and cell attachment, respectively. Electron microscopy and transepthelial electrical resistance measurement were performed to examine the TJ ultrastructure and barrier function. Co-immunolocalization and co-immunoprecipitation was used to study claudin-7 interaction with integrin β1. Tumor growth in vivo were analyzed using athymic nude mice. Results Claudin-7 co-localizes and forms a stable complex with integrin β1. Both suppressing claudin-7 expression by lentivirus shRNA in human lung cancer cells (KD cells) and deletion of claudin-7 in mouse lungs lead to the reduction in integrin β1 and phospho-FAK levels. Suppressing claudin-7 expression increases cell growth and cell cycle progression. More significantly, claudin-7 KD cells have severe defects in cell-matrix interactions and adhere poorly to culture plates with a remarkably reduced integrin β1 expression. When cultured on uncoated glass coverslips, claudin-7 KD cells grow on top of each other and form spheroids while the control cells adhere well and grow as a monolayer. Reintroducing claudin-7 reduces cell proliferation, upregulates integrin β1 expression and increases cell-matrix adhesion. Integrin β1 transfection partially rescues the cell attachment defect. When inoculated into nude mice, claudin-7 KD cells produced significantly larger tumors than control cells. Conclusion In this study, we identified a previously unrecognized function of claudin-7 in regulating cell proliferation and maintaining epithelial cell attachment through engaging integrin β1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0387-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Junming Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Kathryn Verbanac
- Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Randall Renegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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Hwang TL, Changchien TT, Wang CC, Wu CM. Claudin-4 expression in gastric cancer cells enhances the invasion and is associated with the increased level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1367-1371. [PMID: 25120725 PMCID: PMC4114660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-4 is a member of a large family of transmembrane proteins known as claudins, which are essential for the formation and maintenance of tight junctions. Our previous studies have revealed that claudin-4 proteins are overexpressed in metastatic gastric cancer. To clarify the roles of claudin-4 in gastric cancer metastasis, human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells constitutively expressing wild-type claudin-4 were generated. Expression of claudin-4 in AGS cells was found to increase cell invasion and migration, as measured by Boyden invasion chamber assays. Moreover, the claudin-4-expressing AGS cells were found to have increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression, indicating that claudin-mediated increased invasion may be mediated through the activation of the MMP protein. Overall, the results suggest that claudin-4 overexpression may promote gastric cancer metastasis through the increased invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsann-Long Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C. ; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Tsung Changchien
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan 32061, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chee-Chan Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan 32061, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Ming Wu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Tao-Yuan 32061, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hayashi A, Fumon T, Miki Y, Sato H, Yoshino T, Takahashi K. The evaluation of immunohistochemical markers and thymic cortical microenvironmental cells in distinguishing thymic carcinoma from type b3 thymoma or lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2014; 53:9-19. [PMID: 23801129 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.53.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic carcinoma (TC) is often very difficult to distinguish from type B3 thymoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) involving the anterior mediastinum. The present study evaluated the usefulness of immunohistochemical markers including c-Kit, CD5, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), claudin-1 (CLDN-1), thymoproteasome β5t, p53 and Ki-67 (MIB-1) and thymic cortical environmental marker cells, cortical thymocytes (c-Thy) and thymic cortical dendritic macrophages (TCDMs) in distinguishing thymic carcinoma (TC) from type B3 thymoma or lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) using 17 cases of type B3 thymoma, 18 cases of TC and 12 cases of L-SCC. The results indicated that c-Kit and CD5 are very useful markers for TC, while GLUT-1, CLDN-1, p53 and Ki-67 are not. Thymic cortical microenvironmental marker cells, especially TCDMs, and thymic cortical epithelial cell-marker β5t are also useful for distinguishing TC from type B3 thymoma. Although none of these markers are adequate for making a distinction when used alone, the plural use of c-Kit, CD5, β5t thymic cortical environmental marker cells, c-Thys and TCDMs may therefore lead to a correct distinction between TC and type B3 thymoma or L-SCC. [J Clin Exp Hematop 53(1) : 9-19, 2013].
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Al Moustafa AE, Ghabreau L, Akil N, Rastam S, Alachkar A, Yasmeen A. High-Risk HPVs and Human Carcinomas in the Syrian Population. Front Oncol 2014; 4:68. [PMID: 24765613 PMCID: PMC3980109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection; persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV present a major risk factor for the initiation and progression of a variety of human carcinomas including cervical, colorectal, head, and neck (HN) as well as breast carcinomas. A huge number of studies investigated and reported the incidence of high-risk HPVs in these cancers worldwide particularly in the developed countries; therefore, two HPV prophylactic vaccines against the two most frequent high-risk HPV types (16 and 18) have been developed and used worldwide. However, there are very limited studies about the prevalence of HPVs in the developing countries especially in Africa and some states of the Middle East. In this mini review, we outline the presence of high-risk HPVs in human cervical, colorectal, HN as well as breast cancers in the Syrian population, which was recently explored for the first time by a Canadian/Syrian group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- ABS Research and Development , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Oncology Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University , Montreal, QC , Canada ; Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Nizar Akil
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Samer Rastam
- Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria ; Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, Aleppo University , Aleppo , Syria
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Oncology Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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26
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Mäkitie AA, Monni O. Molecular profiling of laryngeal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1251-60. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q, Chen YH. The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5:367-75. [PMID: 24232410 PMCID: PMC3825674 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of cancer to metastasis. At least three main tight junction family proteins have been discovered: occludin, claudin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Claudins are the most important structural and functional components of tight junction integral membrane proteins, with at least 24 members in mammals. They are crucial for the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules. Overexpression or downregulation of claudins is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers. However, molecular mechanisms by which claudins affect tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. As the pivotal proteins in epithelial cells, altered expression and distribution of different claudins have been reported in a wide variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic, colonic, lung, ovarian, thyroid, prostate, esophageal, and breast cancers. In this review, we will give the readers an overall picture of the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers and their mechanisms of regulation. Downregulation of claudins contributes to epithelial transformation by increasing the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth factors to cancerous cells. In the cases of upregulation of claudin expression, the barrier function of the cancerous epithelia changes, as they often display a disorganized arrangement of tight junction strands with increased permeability to paracellular markers. Finally, we will summarize the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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da Silva SD, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Soares FA, Carraro DM, Brentani HP, Hier M, Rogatto SR, Kowalski LP. TWIST1 is a molecular marker for a poor prognosis in oral cancer and represents a potential therapeutic target. Cancer 2013; 120:352-62. [PMID: 24150986 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locoregional recurrence and distant metastases are ominous events in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to identify functional biomarkers that are predictive of OSCC progression to metastasis. METHODS The expression profile of a network of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes was investigated in a large cohort of patients with progressive OSCC using a complimentary DNA microarray platform coupled to quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. Therapeutic potential was investigated in vitro and in vivo using an orthotopic mouse model of metastatic OSCC growing in the tongue microenvironment. RESULTS Among deregulated EMT genes, the Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) transcription factor and several of its regulated genes were significantly overexpressed across advanced stages of OSCC. This result was corroborated by the clinical observation that Twist1 up-regulation predicted the occurrence of lymph node and lung metastases as well as poor patient survival. In support of Twist1 as a driver of OSCC progression, the up-regulation of Twist1 was observed in cells isolated from patients with metastatic OSCC. The inhibition of Twist1 in these metastatic cells induced a potent inhibition of cell invasiveness in vitro as well as progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide evidence for the prognostic value and therapeutic potential of a network of Twist genes in patients with advanced OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Cortés-Malagón EM, Bonilla-Delgado J, Díaz-Chávez J, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Cordoba S, Uren A, Celik H, McCormick M, Munguía-Moreno JA, Ibarra-Sierra E, Escobar-Herrera J, Lambert PF, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Bermudez-Cruz RM, Gariglio P. Gene expression profile regulated by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and estradiol in cervical tissue. Virology 2013; 447:155-65. [PMID: 24210110 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and 17β-estradiol are important factors for the induction of premalignant lesions and cervical cancer. The study of these factors is crucial for a better understanding of cervical tumorigenesis. Here, we assessed the global gene expression profiles induced by the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and/or 17β-estradiol in cervical tissue of FvB and K14E7 transgenic mice. We found that the most dramatic changes in gene expression occurred in K14E7 and FvB groups treated with 17β-estradiol. A large number of differentially expressed genes involved in the immune response were observed in 17β-estradiol treated groups. The E7 oncoprotein mainly affected the expression of genes involved in cellular metabolism. Our microarray data also identified differentially expressed genes that have not previously been reported in cervical cancer. The identification of genes regulated by E7 and 17β-estradiol, provides the basis for further studies on their role in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoc M Cortés-Malagón
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; Research Unit, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico.
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Oshima T, Shan J, Okugawa T, Chen X, Hori K, Tomita T, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H. Down-regulation of claudin-18 is associated with the proliferative and invasive potential of gastric cancer at the invasive front. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74757. [PMID: 24073219 PMCID: PMC3779237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Claudins are known as tight junction proteins, and their expression pattern in gastric cancer is still controversial. The relationship between the expression patterns of tight junction proteins and tumor proliferation in early gastric cancer is still far from clear. Aims To investigate the expression patterns of claudin-18 and Ki-67 in early gastric cancer at the invasive front and surrounding normal gastric mucosa and to investigate the biological function of claudin-18 in the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Methods Seventy-five early gastric cancer lesions removed via endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal resection were evaluated. All gastric cancer lesions were diagnosed as differentiated adenocarcinoma using the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma. To assess epithelial proliferation, immunostaining with Ki-67 was performed, and the labeling index was calculated. To assess the expression of epithelial tight junction proteins, immunofluorescent staining of claudin-18 was performed. The immunoreactivity of claudin-18 was graded according to the number of stained cells. Correlation analysis was performed by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Transfection of claudin-18 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was accomplished in MKN74, a claudin-18-positive gastric cancer cell line, to investigate the effect of claudin-18 on proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Results Claudin-18 was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer compared to surrounding gastric normal mucosa or intestinal metaplasia. The Ki-67 labeling index of gastric cancer at the invasive front was inversely correlated with the claudin-18 level, but that at the mucosal lesion was not correlated. Claudin-18 knockdown significantly promoted the proliferation of MKN74 compared with control siRNA-transfected cells. MKN74 invasion increased significantly with claudin-18 siRNA transfection compared with control siRNA transfection. Conclusions Down-regulation of claudin-18 is associated with the proliferative potential at the invasive front of gastric cancer, suggesting that it has a pivotal role in gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Shan
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuya Okugawa
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Hori
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jiro Watari
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Jin H, Sheng S. Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies tumor-specific mutations in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:28. [PMID: 24007313 PMCID: PMC3844419 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of somatic mutations in genes and molecular pathways is a major factor in the evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which sparks studies to identify somatic mutations with clinical potentials. Recently, massively parallel sequencing technique has started to revolutionize biomedical studies, due to the rapid increase in its throughput and drop in cost. Hence sequencing of whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) becomes a superior approach in cancer studies, which enables the detection of somatic mutations and accurate measurement of gene expression simultaneously. Methods We used RNA-Seq data from tumor and matched normal samples to investigate somatic mutation spectrum in OSCC. Results By applying a sophisticated bioinformatic pipeline, we interrogated two tumor samples and their matched normal tissues and identified 70,472 tumor somatic mutations in protein-coding regions. We further identified 515 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) and 156 tumor-specific disruptive genes (TDGs), with six genes in both sets, including ANKRA2, GTF2H5, STOML1, NUP37, PPP1R26, and TAF1L. Pathway analysis suggested that SMGs were enriched in cell adhesion pathways, which are frequently indicated in tumor development. We also found that SMGs tend to be differentially expressed between tumors and normal tissues, implying a regulatory role of accumulation of genetic aberrations in these genes. Conclusions Our finding of known tumor genes proves of the utility of RNA-Seq in mutation screening, and functional analysis of genes detected here would help understand the molecular mechanism of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhang
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Establishment and characterization of a novel HPV-negative laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, FD-LSC-1, with missense and nonsense mutations of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:92-103. [PMID: 24001612 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignancy in China; however, publically available LSCC cell lines are few and not established from Chinese populations. Hence, novel and well-characterized LSCC cell lines of Chinese origin are urgently needed to provide researchers with a comprehensive database for LSCC research. From 40 cases of LSCC, we established a novel cell line that was maintained for more than 100 passages in vitro and was found to have typical epithelial morphology and ultrastructure. In-depth characterization analysis revealed polyploidy in DNA content; a doubling time of some 24h; high tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice; higher invasive potential and more sensitive to radiation and cisplatin compared with HeLa cell line; upregulated Ki67, Notch1, EGFR, and CK5 protein levels; negative infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and mycoplasma; expression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) biomarkers; mutations of TP53 in exons 5 and 8; a near-triploid karyotype with complex structural aberrations; and dozens of dysregulated genes and miRNAs. Cell authentication testing by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) confirmed the human origin of this cell line. Our findings indicate that a novel and well-differentiated LSCC cell line recapitulating the primary tumor's malignant characteristics is established and well characterized. It does not match any cell lines within the ATCC database and helps to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of LSCC.
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Nelhűbel GA, Károly B, Szabó B, Lotz G, Kiss A, Tóvári J, Kenessey I. The Prognostic Role of Claudins in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:99-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brokalaki EI, Weber F, Sotiropoulos GC, Daoudaki M, Cicinnati VR, Beckebaum S. Claudin-7 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplant Proc 2013; 44:2737-40. [PMID: 23146509 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of adhesion molecules for local invasion by neoplastic cells and development of metastasis has been confirmed by numerous studies over the past decade. Claudins are integral parts of tight junctions. The aim of the present study was to examine the significance of the expression of claudin-7 messenger RNA (mRNA) as a prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined liver tumor and nontumor tissues from 20 HCC patients who underwent resection or liver transplantation. RESULTS A significant increase in the expression of claudin-7 was observed in tumor versus nontumor tissues. There was no significant correlation between the expression profile of claudin-7 mRNA and patient demographic data, the presence of cirrhosis, or the histological stage of tumor differentiation or vascular invasion. Survival analysis showed a trend toward a better prognosis among patients with overexpression of claudin-7 in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Brokalaki
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Bazzoun D, Lelièvre S, Talhouk R. Polarity proteins as regulators of cell junction complexes: implications for breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:418-27. [PMID: 23458609 PMCID: PMC3648792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of multicellular organisms possesses a well-defined architecture, referred to as polarity that coordinates the regulation of essential cell features. Polarity proteins are intimately linked to the protein complexes that make the tight, adherens and gap junctions; they contribute to the proper localization and assembly of these cell-cell junctions within cells and consequently to functional tissue organization. The establishment of cell-cell junctions and polarity are both implicated in the regulation of epithelial modifications in normal and cancer situations. Uncovering the mechanisms through which cell-cell junctions and epithelial polarization are established and how their interaction with the microenvironment directs cell and tissue organization has opened new venues for the development of cancer therapies. In this review, we focus on the breast epithelium to highlight how polarity and cell-cell junction proteins interact together in normal and cancerous contexts to regulate major cellular mechanisms such as migration. The impact of these proteins on epigenetic mechanisms responsible for resetting cells toward oncogenesis is discussed in light of increasing evidence that tissue polarity modulates chromatin function. Finally, we give an overview of recent breast cancer therapies that target proteins involved in cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bazzoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, IN, U.S.A
| | - Rabih Talhouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Gadelmoula M, Fukumori T, Nakatsuji H, Elgammal M, Toida K, Kanayama HO. Down-regulated claudin-7 immunoexpression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Arab J Urol 2013; 11:182-6. [PMID: 26558079 PMCID: PMC4442981 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyse the gene-expression level of claudin-7 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder, and its relationship with clinicopathological variables. Materials and methods This study included 68 specimens of UC of the bladder, comprising 35 with non-muscle-invasive (NMI), stage Ta–T1, and 33 with muscle-invasive (MI) tumours, T2–T4, and 26 of normal urothelium (NU). Total RNA was extracted and 1 μg was reverse transcribed using a cDNA kit. RT-PCR was conducted using SYBR Green I dye to examine the expression levels of the target gene (claudin-7) and the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Using confocal-laser scanning light microscopy, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate the RT-PCR data. The correlation between claudin-7 and the clinicopathological variables was assessed. Results Claudin-7 was down-regulated in UC samples compared to NU samples (P < 0.001). NMI (Ta–T1) tumours had significantly higher claudin-7 expression than MI (⩾pT2) tumours (P = 0.012). There was no significant difference between patients with G1-2 tumours and those with G3 tumours (P = 0.19). There was no significant difference between patients with recurrent NMI UC and those with no recurrence (P = 0.61). IHC showed a lower expression of claudin-7 in the UC samples than NU samples, and in MI UC than in NMI UC. Conclusions These results indicate that a reduced expression of claudin-7 correlates with the invasiveness and progression of UC of the urinary bladder. Further studies are needed to validate claudin-7 as a marker for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoharu Fukumori
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nakatsuji
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Toida
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiro-Omi Kanayama
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
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English DP, Santin AD. Claudins overexpression in ovarian cancer: potential targets for Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) based diagnosis and therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10412-37. [PMID: 23685873 PMCID: PMC3676847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins regulating paracellular permeability and cell polarity with different patterns of expression in benign and malignant human tissues. There are approximately 27 members of the claudin family identified to date with varying cell and tissue-specific expression. Claudins-3, -4 and -7 represent the most highly differentially expressed claudins in ovarian cancer. While their exact role in ovarian tumors is still being elucidated, these proteins are thought to be critical for ovarian cancer cell invasion/dissemination and resistance to chemotherapy. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 are the natural receptors for the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a potent cytolytic toxin. These surface proteins may therefore represent attractive targets for the detection and treatment of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer and other aggressive solid tumors overexpressing claudin-3 and -4 using CPE-based theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. English
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
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Li X, Li Y, Qiu H, Wang Y. Downregulation of claudin-7 potentiates cellular proliferation and invasion in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:101-105. [PMID: 23946785 PMCID: PMC3742464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-7, a tight junction protein, has been demonstrated to be abnormally regulated in several types of human cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and function of claudin-7 in endometrial cancer. In total, 31 pairs of endometrial cancer samples and their adjacent normal tissues were used to detect the expression of claudin-7 by immunohistochemical staining. Compared with the corresponding normal tissues, 45.2% of the endometrial cancer tissues exhibited weak or absent claudin-7 protein expression. Low levels of claudin-7 were correlated with a late tumor stage (P=0.023) and low histological grade (P=0.018). Claudin-7 was either overexpressed in AN3CA endometrial cancer cells, via plasmid cDNA transfection, or silenced by RNA interference in Ishikawa cells. Following either type of experimental manipulation, cellular proliferation and invasion were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The silencing of claudin-7 significantly increased cellular proliferation (P=0.032) and invasion (P=0.020) rates. Consistent with these results, the increased expression of claudin-7 decreased the proliferation (P=0.021) and invasiveness (P=0.012) of the AN3CA cells. A low expression of claudin-7 in the endometrial cancer cells was indicative of a late tumor stage and low histological grade. Additionaly, restoration of claudin-7 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of endometrial cancer cells, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Li
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Liao PH, Yang HW, Huang YF. Genetic expression signatures of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer-A preliminary microarray report. J Dent Sci 2013; 11:457-462. [PMID: 30895012 PMCID: PMC6395281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we obtained the genetic expression signatures of OSF and SCC by microarray analysis. Materials and methods Five patients with clinically evident OSF, five patients with SCC who also had existing OSF, and four normal volunteers who did not have a history of chewing betel quids were recruited. Biopsy specimens were obtained with an approved Institutional Review Board protocol. Total RNA from OSF or SCC was isolated and hybridized to a Human Oligo 1A (V2) Microarray (G4110B) chip against normal control RNA that was pooled from the four healthy volunteers. Results We found similar, but distinct genetic expression signatures for OSF and SCC. At the hierarchical clustering analysis, 24 known genes (23 upregulated and 1 downregulated) in OSF were differentially expressed consistently in all participants. Among the genes, XRCC5 was cloned and transfected into oral cancer GNM cells. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of XRCC5 increased the resistance of GNM cells to low-density X-ray irradiation and promoted the cell growth rate. Conclusion The distinct but similar genetic expression signatures seen in OSF and SCC suggested that this expression may be used as a supplemental diagnostic tool in pathology practice. This preliminary study showed that the XRCC5 gene promoted GNM cell growth and conferred resistance to low-density X-ray irradiation. Further studies on the effect of XRCC5 in oral cancer cells are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hsin Liao
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Paparountas T, Nikolaidou-Katsaridou MN, Rustici G, Aidinis V. Data Mining and Meta-Analysis on DNA Microarray Data. Bioinformatics 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3604-0.ch062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray technology enables high-throughput parallel gene expression analysis, and use has grown exponentially thanks to the development of a variety of applications for expression, genetics and epigenetic studies. A wealth of data is now available from public repositories, providing unprecedented opportunities for meta-analysis approaches, which could generate new biological information, unrelated to the original scope of individual studies. This study provides a guideline for identification of biological significance of the statistically-selected differentially-expressed genes derived from gene expression arrays as well as to suggest further analysis pathways. The authors review the prerequisites for data-mining and meta-analysis, summarize the conceptual methods to derive biological information from microarray data and suggest software for each category of data mining or meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriella Rustici
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, UK
| | - Vasilis Aidinis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Greece
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Hoggard J, Fan J, Lu Z, Lu Q, Sutton L, Chen YH. Claudin-7 increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the upregulation of caspase pathway in human NCI-H522 lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:611-8. [PMID: 23433123 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction (TJ) integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity, adhesion, and paracellular permeability. Changes in expression levels of claudin proteins have been associated with human lung cancer. Previously, we have reported that claudin-7 expression is significantly downregulated in human lung carcinomas. To investigate the role of claudin-7 in lung cancer cells after anti-cancer drug treatments, we transfected claudin-7 cDNA into human NCI-H522 lung cancer cells, which have no detectable expression of claudin-7 protein. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that cells transfected with claudin-7 had a significantly higher percentage of cell apoptosis when compared to that of vector transfected cell population. The cell viability assayed by MTT and Annexin V was significantly decreased and cell apoptosis was dramatically increased in claudin-7 transfected cells compared to that of vector transfected cells after cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug clinically used to treat tumors in several tissues including lung tumors. Most importantly, after cisplatin treatment, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, -8, and poly adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) were much higher in claudin-7 transfected cells than in control cells. Furthermore, using the site-directed mutagenesis approach, we identified that claudin-7 was phosphorylated at serine 204 by protein kinase C. Non-phosphorylated claudin-7 mutant showed increased cell viability, suggesting that phosphorylation increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin treatment. We concluded that claudin-7 expression in H522 lung cancer cells increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the increased activation of caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoggard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Zhang D, Chen C, Li Y, Fu X, Xie Y, Li Y, Huang Y. Cx31.1 acts as a tumour suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines through inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1047-59. [PMID: 21777377 PMCID: PMC4365884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced connexin expression and loss of gap junction function is a characteristic of many cancers, including lung cancer. However, there are little reports about the relation between Cx31.1 and lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cx31.1 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that the Cx31.1 was down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines, and the expression levels were reversely related with their metastatic potential. We ectopically expressed Cx31.1 in H1299 NSCLC cell line to examine the influence of Cx31.1 overexpression. The results showed that overexpression of Cx31.1 in H1299 cells reduced cell proliferation, induced a delay in the G1 phase, inhibited anchorage-independent growth and suppressed cell migration and invasion. The cell cycle delay and cell migration and invasion suppressive effects of Cx31.1 were partially reversed by siRNA targeting mRNA of Cx31.1. Moreover, xenografts of Cx31.1 overexpressing H1299 cells showed reduced tumourigenicity. These results suggested that Cx31.1 has tumour-suppressive properties. Further investigation indicated that cyclin D3 may be responsible for Cx31.1-induced G1 phase delay. Importantly, Cx31.1 increased the expression of epithelial markers, such as cytokeratin 18, and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, indicating a Cx31.1-mediated partial shift from a mesenchymal towards an epithelial phenotype. We concluded that Cx31.1 inhibit the malignant properties of NSCLC cell lines, the mechanisms under this may include regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Vilen ST, Suojanen J, Salas F, Risteli J, Ylipalosaari M, Itkonen O, Koistinen H, Baumann M, Stenman UH, Sorsa T, Salo T, Nyberg P. Trypsin-2 enhances carcinoma invasion by processing tight junctions and activating ProMT1-MMP. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:583-92. [PMID: 22909050 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.716467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced proteolysis and altered tight junction (TJ) proteins associate with carcinoma invasion. We hypothesized that trypsin-2, a tumor-associated serine proteinase, induces tongue carcinoma invasion by activating pro-membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and disturbing the TJs. The effects of invasion were analyzed using trypsin-2 over-expressing human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (Try2-HSC-3) in vitro and in vivo. The invasion of Try2-HSC-3 cells was increased in mouse xenografts and human organotypic model. Trypsin-2 activated proMT1-MMP, as well as altered the expression of TJ protein claudin-7. In conclusion, trypsin-2 over-expression enhanced tongue carcinoma cell invasion by various genetic and proteolytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi-Tuuli Vilen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Korompay A, Borka K, Lotz G, Somorácz A, Törzsök P, Erdélyi-Belle B, Kenessey I, Baranyai Z, Zsoldos F, Kupcsulik P, Bodoky G, Schaff Z, Kiss A. Tricellulin expression in normal and neoplastic human pancreas. Histopathology 2012; 60:E76-86. [PMID: 22394074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tricellulin is a member of the family of tight junction proteins, which are found concentrated mainly at tricellular contacts. Altered expression of several tight junction components has been observed during carcinogenesis. In the present study, we have analysed the expression of tricellulin in normal human pancreas, and in primary exocrine and endocrine pancreatic tumours. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 96 cases were studied: 20 normal pancreas, 58 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 15 pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, and three acinar cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry (analysed by digital morphometry), immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. Tricellulin was localized apically in normal ducts and acini as intensive, spotty immunopositivity at tricellular contacts, whereas weaker signals were observed at the junction between two cells. Islets of Langerhans were negative. Well-differentiated ductal adenocarcinomas significantly overexpressed tricellulin as compared with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Acinar cell carcinomas expressed tricellulin in tumour cells. All endocrine tumours were tricellulin-negative. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to describe the tricellulin expression profile in normal and neoplastic human pancreas. Both normal and neoplastic pancreatic exocrine tissues expressed tricellulin, whereas no expression was seen in normal or neoplastic endocrine cells. Tricellulin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas showed a significant negative correlation with the degree of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korompay
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Uzsoki Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Claudins 1, 3M, 3S, 4, 5 and 7 in vulvar neoplasms compared with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:537-42. [PMID: 22170432 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of claudins 1, 3M (membrane-bound), 3S (cytoplasmic), 4, 5 and 7 in vulvar epithelial neoplasia (VIN I-III) and to compare those with invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Paraffin tissue sections from 73 vulvar neoplasms (12 VIN I, 12 VIN II-III and 49 vulvar carcinomas) were studied by immunohistochemistry for the expression of claudins 1, 3M, 3S, 4, 5 and 7. Claudin 1 stained strongly in all groups, whereas claudin 3M, 3S and 4 immunostaining were moderate in all groups. Claudin 7 stained strongly in all groups. Claudin 3M expression was higher in VIN I compared to carcinoma, while no difference was found between VIN I and VIN II-III or between VIN II-III and carcinoma. Claudin 1 and claudin 3S expressions also showed the same decreasing tendency from VIN towards vulvar carcinoma. Claudin 5 showed only weak staining in VIN I and VIN II-III, and positive expression was also low in the carcinoma group. Expressions of claudins 1, 3M, 3S, 4 and 7 were found in VIN and vulvar carcinoma. Changes in claudin 1 and claudin 3 expression during progression from VIN to vulvar carcinoma suggests a connection with claudin expression and differentiation of vulvar squamous cells. Claudin 5 does not seem to be important in VIN or vulvar carcinoma.
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Kondoh A, Takano KI, Kojima T, Ohkuni T, Kamekura R, Ogasawara N, Go M, Sawada N, Himi T. Altered expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin regardless of human papilloma virus infection in human tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:861-8. [PMID: 21480761 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.562537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin in early tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) independent of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection may lead to tumor progression. OBJECTIVES Integral tight junction proteins, the claudins and tricellulin, play a crucial role in all tissues. HPV is significantly associated with tonsillar SCC. We sought to determine the expression of claudin-1, claudin-7, and tricellulin in HPV-infected and HPV-free tonsillar SCC. METHODS Twenty-eight tonsillar SCCs were studied by immunohistochemical analysis and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, claudin-1 was strongly expressed, whereas claudin-7 and tricellulin were weakly expressed or were absent in primary SCC and metastatic lymph nodes. Claudin-7 and tricellulin were markedly reduced at all stages of tumor development. In situ hybridization analysis showed no correlation between HPV infection and altered expression of the tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kondoh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Lu Z, Ding L, Hong H, Hoggard J, Lu Q, Chen YH. Claudin-7 inhibits human lung cancer cell migration and invasion through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1935-46. [PMID: 21641901 PMCID: PMC3134522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tight junctions are the most apical component of the junctional complex critical for epithelial cell barrier and polarity functions. Although its disruption is well documented during cancer progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, molecular mechanisms by which tight junction integral membrane protein claudins affect this process remain largely unknown. In this report, we found that claudin-7 was normally expressed in bronchial epithelial cells of human lungs but was either downregulated or disrupted in its distribution pattern in lung cancer. To investigate the function of claudin-7 in lung cancer cells, we transfected claudin-7 cDNA into NCI-H1299, a human lung carcinoma cell line that has no detectable claudin-7 expression. We found that claudin-7 expressing cells showed a reduced response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) treatment, were less motile, and formed fewer foot processes than the control cells did. In addition, cells transfected with claudin-7 dramatically decreased their invasive ability after HGF treatment. These effects were mediated through the MAPK signaling pathway since the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was significantly lower in claudin-7 transfected cells than in control cells. PD98059, a selective inhibitor of ERK/MAPK pathway, was able to block the motile effect. Claudin-7 formed stable complexes with claudin-1 and -3 and was able to recruit them to the cell-cell junction area in claudin-7 transfected cells. When control and claudin-7 transfected cells were inoculated into nude mice, claudin-7 expressing cells produced smaller tumors than the control cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that claudin-7 inhibits cell migration and invasion through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in response to growth factor stimulation in human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - John Hoggard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Turksen K, Troy TC. Junctions gone bad: Claudins and loss of the barrier in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Claudin-7 is frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer and promotes invasion. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22119. [PMID: 21789222 PMCID: PMC3137611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Claudins are tight junction proteins that are involved in tight junction formation and function. Previous studies have shown that claudin-7 is frequently upregulated in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) along with claudin-3 and claudin-4. Here, we investigate in detail the expression patterns of claudin-7, as well as its possible functions in EOC. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 95 ovarian tissue samples (7 normal ovarian tissues, 65 serous carcinomas, 11 clear cell carcinomas, 8 endometrioid carcinomas and 4 mucinous carcinomas) were studied for claudin-7 expression. In real-time RT-PCR analysis, the gene for claudin-7, CLDN7, was found to be upregulated in all the tumor tissue samples studied. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting showed that claudin-7 protein was significantly overexpressed in the vast majority of EOCs. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of claudin-7 in ovarian cancer cells led to significant changes in gene expression as measured by microarrays and validated by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Analyses of the genes differentially expressed revealed that the genes altered in response to claudin-7 knockdown were associated with pathways implicated in various molecular and cellular functions such as cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death, development, and cell movement. Through functional experiments in vitro, we found that both migration and invasion were altered in cells where CLDN7 had been knocked down or overexpressed. Interestingly, claudin-7 expression was associated with a net increase in invasion, but also with a decrease in migration. Conclusion/Significance Our work shows that claudin-7 is significantly upregulated in EOC and that it may be functionally involved in ovarian carcinoma invasion. CLDN7 may therefore represent potential marker for ovarian cancer detection and a target for therapy.
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Dai Y, Wang J, Xia J, Hong Y, Chen N, Cheng B. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling analysis of all trans retinoic acid-treated tongue carcinoma SCC-9 cells. J Surg Oncol 2011; 104:830-5. [PMID: 21725974 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used as standard of care in promyelocytic leukemia. Not much is known about the gene expression profile in ATRA-treated tongue cancer cells. We performed a genome-wide transcriptional profiling of ATRA-treated tongue cancer cells to understand the pathways that mediate ATRA action in tongue cancer. METHODS We measured the effects of ATRA on the proliferation of SCC-9 human tongue carcinoma cells. The differential gene expression profile was measured by microarray analysis of untreated and ATRA-treated cells and expression of key genes was validated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS ATRA treatment (24 and 48 hr) significantly inhibited SCC-9 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. SCC-9 cells treated for 48 hr with ATRA showed upregulation of 276 genes, including ANGPTL4, GDF15, ICAM1 and TUSC4, and downregulation of 43 genes, including CXCL10. Validation by real-time PCR showed a significant upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and downregulation of CXCL10 and IL32. CONCLUSIONS ATRA had an anti-tumor effect in tongue cancer cells. This effect is likely mediated via upregulation of ICAM1 and downregulation of CXCL10 and IL32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Dai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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