1
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Wei C. The multifaceted roles of matrix metalloproteinases in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195426. [PMID: 37766868 PMCID: PMC10520958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are widely investigated in lung cancer (LC), however, almost no review systematically clarify their multi-faced roles in LC. Methods We investigated the expression of MMPs and their effects on survival of patients with LC, the resistance mechanisms of MMPs in anti-tumor therapy, the regulatory networks of MMPs involved, the function of MMPs inducing CSCLs, MMPs-related tumor immunity, and effects of MMP polymorphisms on risk of LC. Results High expression of MMPs was mainly related to poor survival, high clinical stages and cancer metastasis. Role of MMPs in LC are multi-faced. MMPs are involved in drug resistance, induced CSCLs, participated in tumor immunity. Besides, MMPs polymorphisms may increase risk of LC. Conclusions MMPs might be promising targets to restore the anti-tumor immune response and enhance the killing function of nature immune cells in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
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2
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Almutairi S, Kalloush HM, Manoon NA, Bardaweel SK. Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment: An Updated Review (2013-2023). Molecules 2023; 28:5567. [PMID: 37513440 PMCID: PMC10384300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are identifiable members of proteolytic enzymes that can degrade a wide range of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs can be categorized into six groups based on their substrate specificity and structural differences: collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysins, metalloelastase, and membrane-type MMPs. MMPs have been linked to a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Over time, MMPs have been evaluated for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. Accordingly, various MMPs have become attractive therapeutic targets for anticancer drug development. The first generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors displayed effective inhibitory activities but failed in clinical trials due to poor selectivity. Thanks to the evolution of X-ray crystallography, NMR analysis, and homology modeling studies, it has been possible to characterize the active sites of various MMPs and, consequently, to develop more selective, second-generation MMP inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the computational and synthesis approaches used in the development of MMP inhibitors and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriefa Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanin Moh'd Kalloush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Nour A Manoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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3
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Shie M, Fang H, Kan K, Ho C, Tu C, Lee P, Hsueh P, Chen C, Lee AK, Tien N, Chen J, Shen Y, Chang J, Shen Y, Lin T, Wang B, Hung M, Cho D, Chen Y. Highly Mimetic Ex Vivo Lung-Cancer Spheroid-Based Physiological Model for Clinical Precision Therapeutics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206603. [PMID: 37085943 PMCID: PMC10238206 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major health problem despite the considerable research into prevention and treatment methods. Through a deeper understanding of tumors, patient-specific ex vivo spheroid models with high specificity can be used to accurately investigate the cause, metastasis, and treatment strategies for lung cancer. Biofabricate lung tumors are presented, consisting of patient-derived tumor spheroids, endothelial cells, and lung decellularized extracellular matrix, which maintain a radial oxygen gradient, as well as biophysicochemical behaviors of the native tumors for precision medicine. It is also demonstrated that the developed lung-cancer spheroid model reproduces patient responses to chemotherapeutics and targeted therapy in a co-clinical trial, with 85% accuracy, 86.7% sensitivity, and 80% specificity. RNA sequencing analysis validates that the gene expression in the spheroids replicates that in the patient's primary tumor. This model can be used as an ex vivo predictive model for personalized cancer therapy and to improve the quality of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐You Shie
- School of DentistryChina Medical UniversityTaichung406040Taiwan
- x‐Dimension Center for Medical Research and TranslationChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404332Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yuan Fang
- x‐Dimension Center for Medical Research and TranslationChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404332Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City40447Taiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung City40447Taiwan
| | - Kai‐Wen Kan
- x‐Dimension Center for Medical Research and TranslationChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404332Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Che Ho
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan
- High Performance Materials Institute for x‐Dimensional PrintingAsia UniversityTaichung City41354Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yen Tu
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung City40447Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Chih Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
| | - Po‐Ren Hsueh
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung City40447Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Hung Chen
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung City40447Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung40447Taiwan
| | | | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
| | - Jian‐Xun Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City40447Taiwan
- School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichung City40447Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City40447Taiwan
| | - Jan‐Gowth Chang
- Center for Precision MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
- Epigenome Research CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan
- High Performance Materials Institute for x‐Dimensional PrintingAsia UniversityTaichung City41354Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
| | - Ben Wang
- H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and System EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology755 Ferst Dr NWAtlantaGA30332USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology771 Ferst Dr NWAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Mien‐Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
- Center for Molecular MedicineChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer BiologyChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
| | - Der‐Yang Cho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
- Department of NeurosurgeryChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
- Translational Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung City404332Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Wen Chen
- x‐Dimension Center for Medical Research and TranslationChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404332Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichung City406040Taiwan
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4
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Matrix Metallopeptidase-Gene Signature Predicts Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Survival Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032382. [PMID: 36768704 PMCID: PMC9917043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence poses a significant challenge to the clinical management of stage I lung adenocarcinoma after curative surgical resection. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase expression and correlate with recurrence and metastasis in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. However, the impact of MMPs on survival outcome varies, and their roles in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In two discovery cohorts, we first analyzed 226 stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma cases in the GSE31210 cohort using a clustering-based method and identified a 150-gene MMP cluster with increased expression in tumors associated with worse survival outcomes. A similar analysis was performed on 517 lung adenocarcinoma cases in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. A 185-gene MMP cluster was identified, which also showed increased expression in tumors and correlated with poor survival outcomes. We further streamlined from the discovery cohorts a 36-gene MMP signature significantly associated with recurrence and worse overall survival in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma after surgical resection. After adjusting for covariates, the high MMP-gene signature expression remained an independent risk factor. In addition, the MMP-gene signature showed enrichment in epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type lung tumors, especially for those with Kirsten rat sarcoma virus mutations. Using an independent validation cohort, we further validated the MMP-gene signature in 70 stage I lung adenocarcinoma cases. In conclusion, MMP-gene signature is a potential predictive and prognostic biomarker to stratify patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma into subgroups based on their risk of recurrence for aiding physicians in deciding the personalized adjuvant therapeutics.
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5
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Noël A, Perveen Z, Xiao R, Hammond H, Le Donne V, Legendre K, Gartia MR, Sahu S, Paulsen DB, Penn AL. Mmp12 Is Upregulated by in utero Second-Hand Smoke Exposures and Is a Key Factor Contributing to Aggravated Lung Responses in Adult Emphysema, Asthma, and Lung Cancer Mouse Models. Front Physiol 2021; 12:704401. [PMID: 34912233 PMCID: PMC8667558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (Mmp12) is upregulated by cigarette smoke (CS) and plays a critical role in extracellular matrix remodeling, a key mechanism involved in physiological repair processes, and in the pathogenesis of emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. While cigarette smoking is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and lung cancer, in utero exposures to CS and second-hand smoke (SHS) are associated with asthma development in the offspring. SHS is an indoor air pollutant that causes known adverse health effects; however, the mechanisms by which in utero SHS exposures predispose to adult lung diseases, including COPD, asthma, and lung cancer, are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in utero SHS exposure aggravates adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Methods: Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed from gestational days 6–19 to either 3 or 10mg/m3 of SHS or filtered air. At 10, 11, 16, or 17weeks of age, female offspring were treated with either saline for controls, elastase to induce emphysema, house-dust mite (HDM) to initiate asthma, or urethane to promote lung cancer. At sacrifice, specific disease-related lung responses including lung function, inflammation, gene, and protein expression were assessed. Results: In the elastase-induced emphysema model, in utero SHS-exposed mice had significantly enlarged airspaces and up-regulated expression of Mmp12 (10.3-fold compared to air-elastase controls). In the HDM-induced asthma model, in utero exposures to SHS produced eosinophilic lung inflammation and potentiated Mmp12 gene expression (5.7-fold compared to air-HDM controls). In the lung cancer model, in utero exposures to SHS significantly increased the number of intrapulmonary metastases at 58weeks of age and up-regulated Mmp12 (9.3-fold compared to air-urethane controls). In all lung disease models, Mmp12 upregulation was supported at the protein level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that in utero SHS exposures exacerbate lung responses to adult-induced emphysema, asthma, and lung cancer. Our data show that MMP12 is up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in three distinct adult lung disease models following in utero SHS exposures, suggesting that MMP12 is central to in utero SHS-aggravated lung responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harriet Hammond
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Kelsey Legendre
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sushant Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Daniel B Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Arthur L Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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6
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Immune and Prognostic Implication of MMP14 in Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5917506. [PMID: 34868395 PMCID: PMC8635876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5917506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
More and more studies have indicated an association between immune infiltration in lung cancer and clinical outcomes. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) has been reported to be dysregulated in many types of tumors and involved in the development and progression of tumors. However, its contribution to cancer immunity was rarely reported. In the study, we found that MMP14 expression was distinctly upregulated in lung cancer specimens compared with nontumor lung specimens. High MMP14 expression predicted a poor prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Increased MMP14 expressions were observed to be positively related to high immune infiltration levels in most of the immune cells. A pathway enrichment analysis of 32 MMP14-associated immunomodulators indicated the involvement of T cell receptor signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Based on MMP14-associated immunomodulators, we applied multivariate assays to construct multiple-gene risk prediction signatures. We observed that risk scores were independently associated with overall survival. These data highlighted that MMP14 was involved in tumor immunity, indicating that MMP14 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer. Our data suggest that the four genes identified in this study may serve as valuable biomarkers of lung cancer patient outcomes.
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7
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Hung WY, Lee WJ, Cheng GZ, Tsai CH, Yang YC, Lai TC, Chen JQ, Chung CL, Chang JH, Chien MH. Blocking MMP-12-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repurposing penfluridol restrains lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via uPA/uPAR/TGF-β/Akt pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1087-1103. [PMID: 34319576 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a crucial factor determining patient survival. Repurposing of the antipsychotic agent penfluridol has been found to be effective in the inhibition of growth of various cancers. As yet, however, the anti-metastatic effect of penfluridol on LADC has rarely been investigated. Herein, we addressed the therapeutic potential of penfluridol on the invasion/metastasis of LADC cells harboring different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation statuses. METHODS MTS viability, transwell migration and invasion, and tumor endothelium adhesion assays were employed to determine cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol on LADC cells. Protease array, Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and expression knockdown by shRNA or exogenous overexpression by DNA plasmid transfection were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that nontoxic concentrations of penfluridol reduced the migration, invasion and adhesion of LADC cells. Protease array screening identified matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) as a potential target of penfluridol to modulate the motility and adhesion of LADC cells. In addition, we found that MMP-12 exhibited the most significantly adverse prognostic effect in LADC among 39 cancer types. Mechanistic investigations revealed that penfluridol inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor/transforming growth factor-β/Akt axis to downregulate MMP-12 expression and, subsequently, reverse MMP-12-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequent analysis of clinical LADC samples revealed a positive correlation between MMP12 and mesenchymal-related gene expression levels. A lower survival rate was found in LADC patients with a SNAl1high/MMP12high profile compared to those with a SNAl1low/MMP12low profile. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMP-12 may serve as a useful biomarker for predicting LADC progression and as a promising penfluridol target for treating metastatic LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yueh Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Zhou Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Li X, Liu C, Ran R, Liu G, Yang Y, Zhao W, Xie X, Li J. Matrix metalloproteinase family gene polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:349-362. [PMID: 32274101 PMCID: PMC7138992 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the association between matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. However, the results are still controversial. To clarify these associations, we conducted a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search of studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Overall and subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity was conducted. OR with 95% CI was used to assess the strength of the association. Furthermore, false-positive report probability (FPRP) tests were also performed for associations obtained in this meta-analysis. Results Twenty-four studies, including 10,099 cases and 9,395 controls, were analyzed. Nine polymorphisms were reported. For MMP1 -1607 1G/2G and MMP7 -181 A/G, increased lung cancer risk was found in Asians. For MMP2 -1306 C/T and MMP2 -735 C/T, decreased lung cancer risk was found in both “diverse populations” and Asians. For MMP9 -1562, C/T decreased lung cancer risk was found in both “diverse populations” and Caucasians. For MMP13 -77A/G, the A/G genotype decreased lung cancer risk in Asians. However, only associations between MMP1 -1607 1G/2G, MMP2 -1306 C/T, MMP2 -735 C/T, and MMP7 -181 A/G and lung cancer risk were considered noteworthy according to FPRP tests. There was no association between MMP3 -1171 5A/6A, MMP9 R279Q, and MMP12 -82A/G and lung cancer risk. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that MMP1 -1607 1G/2G and MMP7 -181 A/G were risk factors for lung cancer, while MMP2 -1306 C/T, MMP2 -735 C/T, MMP9 -1562 C/T, and MMP13 -77A/G might be protective factors. However, results for MMP9 -1562 C/T and MMP13 -77A/G should be interpreted with caution due to the probability of false-positive reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Caiyang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Ran Ran
- Department of endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Gaohua Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641000, China
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9
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He MK, Le Y, Zhang YF, Ouyang HY, Jian PE, Yu ZS, Wang LJ, Shi M. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 expression is associated with tumor FOXP3 + regulatory T cell infiltration and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:475-482. [PMID: 29928435 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most fatal types of cancer worldwide due to its high rates of recurrence and metastasis. The molecular processes involved in HCC progression require further investigation to identify biomarkers for use in diagnosis and treatment. In the present study, the significance and prognostic value of matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12) expression in human HCC was investigated. MMP12 mRNA expression was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of 42 pairs of tumor and non-tumor liver tissues obtained from patients with HCC following surgical treatment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect MMP12 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression in 158 paraffin-embedded HCC tissues. The prognostic value of MMP12 expression was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. MMP12 mRNA levels were significantly higher in liver tumor tissues compared with matched non-tumor liver tissues. MMP12 expression and FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration was positively correlated (r=0.302; P<0.001). MMP12 protein overexpression was positively correlated with tumor size (P=0.018), high serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (P=0.005) and poor overall survival time (P=0.012) in patients with HCC. Furthermore, MMP12 protein level was an independent predictive factor for overall survival time of patients with HCC who underwent curative resection. In conclusion, these results suggest that MMP12 may increase FOXP3+ Treg infiltration into tumor tissues, and promote tumor progression and immune evasion of HCC. The overexpression of MMP12 protein is, therefore, a valuable prognostic indicator in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ke He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Yong Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fa Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yue Ouyang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Pei-En Jian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Shan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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10
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Matrix metalloproteinase 12 promotes tumor propagation in the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2164-2175.e1. [PMID: 29429629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Past studies are inconsistent with regard to the role of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung tumorigenesis. This is due, in part, to differential tumorigenesis based on tumor-derived versus immune-derived matrix metalloproteinase 12 expression. Our study aims to thoroughly dissect the role of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung tumorigenesis. METHODS We tested matrix metalloproteinase 12 expression and the association with prognosis using a tissue array and a published non-small cell lung cancer gene expression database. In addition, we characterized the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase 12 to tumor propagation in the lung using a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Tumor cells of a diverse set of human lung cancers stained positive for matrix metalloproteinase 12, and high matrix metalloproteinase 12 mRNA levels in the tumor were associated with reduced survival. The lung microenvironment stimulated endogenous production of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in lung cancer cells (human 460 lung cancer cell line, Lewis lung carcinoma). In vitro, matrix metalloproteinase 12 knockout Lewis lung carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells had the same proliferation rate, but Lewis lung carcinoma showed increased invasiveness. In vivo, deficiency of matrix metalloproteinase 12 in Lewis lung carcinoma cells, but not in the host, reduced tumor growth and invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that tumor cell-derived matrix metalloproteinase 12 promotes tumor propagation in the lung and that in the context of pulmonary malignancies matrix metalloproteinase 12 should further be tested as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Increased FSHD region gene1 expression reduces in vitro cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, ex vivo supported by reduced expression in tumors. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171062. [PMID: 28947680 PMCID: PMC5665614 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) region gene 1 (FRG1) is a candidate gene for FSHD. FRG1 regulates various muscle-related functions, but studies have proposed its role in development and angiogenesis also, where it is involved with tumor-associated molecules. Therefore, we decided to look into its role in tumor progression, tumor angiogenesis, and its impact on cellular properties. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and in vitro angiogenesis assays were performed to decipher the effect of FRG1 on endothelial and epithelial cell functions. Q-RT PCR was done for human embyonic kidney (HEK293T) cells with altered FRG1 levels to identify associated molecules. Further, immunohistochemistry was done to identify FRG1 expression levels in various cancers and its association with tumor angiogenesis. Subsequently, inference was drawn from Oncomine and Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis, for FRG1 expression in different cancers. Ectopic expression of FRG1 affected cell migration and invasion in both HEK293T and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In HUVECs, FRG1 overexpression led to reduced angiogenesis in vitro No effect was observed in cell proliferation in both the cell types. Q-RT PCR data revealed reduction in granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression with FRG1 overexpression and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10) with FRG1 knockdown. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed reduced FRG1 levels in tumors which were supported by in silico analysis data. These findings suggest that reduction in FRG1 expression in gastric, colon and oral cavity tumor might have a role in tumor progression, by regulating cell migration and invasiveness. To elucidate a better understanding of molecular signaling involving FRG1 in angiogenesis regulation, further study is required.
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Smigiel KS, Parks WC. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Leukocyte Activation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 147:167-195. [PMID: 28413028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As their name implies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to degrade extracellular matrix proteins, a function that is indeed performed by some members. However, regardless of their cell source, matrix degradation is not the only function of these enzymes. Rather, individual MMPs have been shown to regulate specific immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and migration, antimicrobial activity, macrophage activation, and restoration of barrier function, typically by processing a range of nonmatrix protein substrates. Indeed, MMP expression is low under steady-state conditions but is markedly induced during inflammatory processes including infection, wound healing, and cancer. Increasing research is showing that MMPs are not just a downstream consequence of a generalized inflammatory process, but rather are critical factors in the overall regulation of the pattern, type, and duration of immune responses. This chapter outlines the role of leukocytes in tissue remodeling and describes recent progress in our understanding of how MMPs alter leukocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Xiong G, Chen X, Zhang Q, Fang Y, Chen W, Li C, Zhang J. RNA interference influenced the proliferation and invasion of XWLC-05 lung cancer cells through inhibiting aquaporin 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:627-634. [PMID: 28189680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to construct a recombinant vector expressing siRNA targetedly inhibiting aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and to evaluate the effects of AQP3 inhibition on the proliferation and invasion of XWLC-05 human lung cancer cells. METHODS We obtained human AQP3 sequence from the Genbank and established the recombinant vector expressing siRNA targeting AQP3. After the transfection of the recombinant vectors, the expression of AQP3 was determined by RT-PCR and western blot. The MTS assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the proliferation, cell cycle process, apoptosis and invasion of XWLC-05 cells. Then the activity of metal matrix proteinase (MMP) 2 was determined by gelatin zymography. Tumor formation in vivo experiments were also conducted in nude mice. RESULTS RNA interference (RNAi) of AQP3 substantially suppressed the XWLC-05 cell proliferation and invasion, blocked the cell cycle progressing and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the activity of MMP2 was remarkably attenuated in RNAi group. AQP3 RNAi did not affect the tumor formation rate in nude mice but reduced the tumor growth. CONCLUSION The inhibition of AQP3 retarded the growth and invasiveness of XWLC-05 lung cancer cells and decreased the activity of MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Editorial Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Wan Z, Jiang D, Chen S, Jiao J, Ji L, Shah AS, Wei H, Yang X, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao J. T-box transcription factor brachyury promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 12. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:306-14. [PMID: 27176766 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factor brachyury and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion and metastasis. However, the association between Brachyury and the MMP family has not yet been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the influence of Brachyury on the expression of 23 MMP members and to further explore the mechanisms involved in the promotion of NSCLC cell invasion by Brachyury and MMPs in the H460 and H1299 stable cell lines. The protein expression levels and correlations between the brachyury transcription factor and the targeted MMPs were also validated in 52 NSCLC patient tissue samples. We observed that brachyury significantly upregulated MMP12 expression to promote NSCLC cell invasion. We also found a potential binding site for the brachyury transcription factor in the MMP12 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmiao Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Abdus Saboor Shah
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Chehaibi K, Hrira MY, Nouira S, Maatouk F, Hamda KB, Slimane MN. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Tunisian population. J Neurol Sci 2014; 342:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Strong AL, Semon JA, Strong TA, Santoke TT, Zhang S, McFerrin HE, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA. Obesity-associated dysregulation of calpastatin and MMP-15 in adipose-derived stromal cells results in their enhanced invasion. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2774-83. [PMID: 22969001 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue maintains a subpopulation of cells, referred to as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which have been associated with increased breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. For ASCs to affect breast cancer cells, it is necessary to delineate how they mobilize and home to cancer cells, which requires mobilization and invasion through extracellular matrix barriers. In this study, ASCs were separated into four different categories based on the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin. ASCs isolated from the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of obese patients (Ob(+)Ab(+)) demonstrated increased invasion through Matrigel as well as a chick chorioallantoic membrane, a type I collagen-rich extracellular matrix barrier. Detailed mRNA and protein analyses revealed that calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15 were associated with increased invasion, and the silencing of each protease or protease inhibitor confirmed their role in ASC invasion. Thus, the data indicate that both the donor's obesity status and depot site of origin distinguishes the properties of subcutaneous-derived ASCs with respect to enhanced invasion and this is associated with the dysregulation of calpain-4, calpastatin, and MMP-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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17
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Zheng J, Chu D, Wang D, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Ji G, Zhao H, Wu G, Du J, Zhao Q. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 is associated with overall survival in Chinese patients with gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2012; 107:746-51. [PMID: 23280473 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of human solid tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the association of MMP-12 with overall survival in human gastric cancer. METHODS Gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissue specimens were collected from 165 patients who had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MMP-12 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining, and the results were analyzed statistically in relation to the overall survival of the patients. RESULTS MMP-12 expression was increased in gastric cancer compared with that observed in normal tissues. Increased MMP-12 expression was associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. No correlations were detected between MMP-12 expression and age, sex, differentiation status, tumor site, or Lauren classification. Moreover, patients with MMP-12 positive gastric cancer tended to have worse overall survival compared with those patients without MMP-12 expression. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that increased expression of MMP-12 was associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer. It also provided the first evidence for MMP-12 expression in gastric cancer as an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Wu MH, Tsai YT, Hua KT, Chang KC, Kuo ML, Lin MT. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit macrophage-induced gastric cancer cell migration by attenuating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Batra J, Robinson J, Soares AS, Fields AP, Radisky DC, Radisky ES. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) interaction with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2: binding studies and crystal structure. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:15935-46. [PMID: 22427646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10, stromelysin-2) is a secreted metalloproteinase with functions in skeletal development, wound healing, and vascular remodeling; its overexpression is also implicated in lung tumorigenesis and tumor progression. To understand the regulation of MMP-10 by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), we have assessed equilibrium inhibition constants (K(i)) of putative physiological inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 for the active catalytic domain of human MMP-10 (MMP-10cd) using multiple kinetic approaches. We find that TIMP-1 inhibits the MMP-10cd with a K(i) of 1.1 × 10(-9) M; this interaction is 10-fold weaker than the inhibition of the similar MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) catalytic domain (MMP-3cd) by TIMP-1. TIMP-2 inhibits the MMP-10cd with a K(i) of 5.8 × 10(-9) M, which is again 10-fold weaker than the inhibition of MMP-3cd by this inhibitor (K(i) = 5.5 × 10(-10) M). We solved the x-ray crystal structure of TIMP-1 bound to the MMP-10cd at 1.9 Å resolution; the structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined with an R-factor of 0.215 (R(free) = 0.266). Comparing our structure of MMP-10cd·TIMP-1 with the previously solved structure of MMP-3cd·TIMP-1 (Protein Data Bank entry 1UEA), we see substantial differences at the binding interface that provide insight into the differential binding of stromelysin family members to TIMP-1. This structural information may ultimately assist in the design of more selective TIMP-based inhibitors tailored for specificity toward individual members of the stromelysin family, with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotica Batra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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Liu H, Qin YR, Bi J, Guo A, Fu L, Guan XY. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 10 is associated with poor survival in patients with early stage of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 2011; 25:656-63. [PMID: 22121946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metallopeptidase 10 (MMP10) is frequently expressed and correlates closely with metastasis and poor prognosis in various human cancers. However, the significance of MMP10 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its role in ESCC progression remains unclear. In this report, upregulation of MMP10 mRNA was detected in 39/60 (65.0%) of primary ESCC tissues compared with their paired nontumor esophageal tissues. Tissue microarray (TMA) study found protein overexpression of MMP10 in 188/239 (78.7%) of primary ESCC tissues but not in their corresponding nontumor esophageal tissues, suggesting that overexpression of MMP10 may play important roles in ESCC development and progression. Although the overexpression of MMP10 was not significantly associated with disease-specific survival rate (P= 0.182) for all tested ESCCs, it was significantly associated with poorer disease-specific survival (P= 0.001) in early stage of ESCCs (I-IIA). In addition, multivariate analysis found that MMP10 expression in tumor tissues was evaluated as a potential independent prognostic factor for early stage ESCC patients. These findings suggest that MMP10 plays an important role in ESCC progression in the early stage, and overexpression of MMP10 in tumor tissues could be used as a potential prognostic marker for patients with early clinical stage of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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21
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Matrix metalloproteinase-10 promotes Kras-mediated bronchio-alveolar stem cell expansion and lung cancer formation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26439. [PMID: 22022614 PMCID: PMC3195727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10; stromelysin 2) is a member of a large family of structurally related matrix metalloproteinases, many of which have been implicated in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. We recently identified Mmp10 as a gene that is highly induced in tumor-initiating lung bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) upon activation of oncogenic Kras in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. However, the potential role of Mmp10 in lung tumorigenesis has not been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that Mmp10 is overexpressed in lung tumors induced by either the smoke carcinogen urethane or oncogenic Kras. In addition, we report a significant reduction in lung tumor number and size after urethane exposure or genetic activation of oncogenic Kras in Mmp10 null (Mmp10−/−) mice. This inhibitory effect is reflected in a defect in the ability of Mmp10-deficient BASCs to expand and undergo transformation in response to urethane or oncogenic Kras in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating a role for Mmp10 in the tumor-initiating activity of Kras-transformed lung stem cells. To determine the potential relevance of MMP10 in human cancer we analyzed Mmp10 expression in publicly-available gene expression profiles of human cancers. Our analysis reveals that MMP10 is highly overexpressed in human lung tumors. Gene set enhancement analysis (GSEA) demonstrates that elevated MMP10 expression correlates with both cancer stem cell and tumor metastasis genomic signatures in human lung cancer. Finally, Mmp10 is elevated in many human tumor types suggesting a widespread role for Mmp10 in human malignancy. We conclude that Mmp10 plays an important role in lung tumor initiation via maintenance of a highly tumorigenic, cancer-initiating, stem-like cell population, and that Mmp10 expression is associated with stem-like, highly metastatic genotypes in human lung cancers. These results indicate that Mmp10 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to target lung cancer stem cells.
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Chetty C, Rao JS, Lakka SS. Matrix metalloproteinase pharmacogenomics in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:535-46. [PMID: 21521025 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma demonstrated considerable variability in its chemoresponse. However, the prospect of individualized medicine holds high hopes for improving patient survival. The study of tumor and patient genetic profiles, relative to drug-related genes, may offer new opportunities for tailoring treatments. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases, which degrade the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and process bioactive mediators involved in promoting aspects of tumor growth. Polymorphisms in MMP genes known to influence the protein-expression patterns has been shown to influence therapy outcomes by altering signaling pathways. In this article, we address the polymorphic association of MMPs in response to chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Advances in genome technology and their comprehensive and systematic deployment to elucidate the genomic basis of MMP differences promise to ultimately enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its toxicity for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramu Chetty
- Department of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, 1 Illini Drive, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Ng KTP, Qi X, Kong KL, Cheung BYY, Lo CM, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Man K. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2299-305. [PMID: 21683576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumour recurrence and metastasis are pressing issues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who receive surgical treatments. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), previously identified from our animal model, is involved in tumour invasiveness of rat hepatoma. We aimed to investigate the significance and prognostic value of MMP-12 expression in human HCC. MMP-12 mRNA level of 139 pairs of tumour and non-tumour liver tissues of HCC patients after hepatectomy were investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. MMP-12 mRNA was significantly elevated in tumour liver tissues of HCC patients compared to non-tumour and normal liver tissues. By comparing paired tumour and non-tumour liver tissues, MMP-12 mRNA was overexpressed in 58% of tumour tissue of HCC patients. Overexpression of MMP-12 mRNA was significantly correlated with presence of venous infiltration (p=0.004), high serum AFP level (p=0.012), early tumour recurrence (p=0.018) and poor overall survival (p=0.02) of HCC patients. Moreover, MMP-12 mRNA was an independent factor in predicting the 1- and 3-year overall survival of HCC patients after hepatectomy. Our data demonstrated that MMP-12 mRNA may be a valuable prognostic marker for both overall survival and tumour recurrence of HCC patients after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tak-Pan Ng
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
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Shu ST, Martin CK, Thudi NK, Dirksen WP, Rosol TJ. Osteolytic bone resorption in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:702-14. [PMID: 20214446 DOI: 10.3109/10428191003646697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is caused by human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Patients with ATLL frequently develop humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) resulting from increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Our goal was to investigate the mechanisms of ATLL-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. Murine calvaria co-cultured with HTLV-1-infected cells directly or conditioned media from cell cultures had increased osteoclast activity that was dependent on RANKL, indicating that factors secreted from ATLL cells had a stimulatory effect on bone resorption. Factors released from resorbing bone stimulated proliferation of HTLV-1-infected T-cells. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), both osteoclast stimulators, were expressed in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Interestingly, when HTLV-1-infected T-cells were co-cultured with pre-osteoblasts, the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), an osteoclast inhibitory factor, was significantly down-regulated in the pre-osteoblasts. When OPG was added into the ex vivo osteoclastogenesis assay induced by HTLV-1-infected T-cells, osteoclastogenesis was strongly inhibited. In addition, HTLV-1-infected T-cells inhibited expression of early osteoblast genes and induced late genes. These regulators will serve as future therapeutic targets for the treatments of HHM in ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry T Shu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Zhang L, Hou X, Lu S, Rao H, Hou J, Luo R, Huang H, Zhao H, Jian H, Chen Z, Liao M, Wang X. Predictive significance of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin for bone metastases in resected Chinese non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a large cohort retrospective study. Lung Cancer 2010; 67:114-9. [PMID: 19376608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over-expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) in tumour samples has shown prognostic significance in bone metastasis (BM) of breast and prostate cancer, respectively. However, their importance in BM of NSCLC has not been verified. Therefore, we planned a large cohort retrospective study to investigate the relationship between the expression of these two biomarkers (BSP and OPN) and BM in surgically resected NSCLC patients. METHODS 180 completely resected NSCLC patients were included in this study. 40 patients subsequently developed BM. Paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissues of patients were supplied to produce a tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry method was used for evaluation of the expression of BSP and OPN. Different expressions of these two biomarkers among BM group and non-BM group were estimated by chi(2) test. BM-free survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic impact of clinicopathologic variables and biomarker expression was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS BSP expression was associated with BM (p=0.007), whereas OPN expression did not reach statistical significance (p=0.245). Univariate analysis showed that expression of BSP (p=0.010) and N staging (p<0.005) was associated with BM-free survival. Multivariate analyses showed BSP expression (HR=3.322, p=0.003), N staging (HR=1.879, p=0.001), and T staging (HR=1.618, p=0.024) were independent prognostic factors for BM. CONCLUSIONS BSP protein expression in the primary resected NSCLC is strongly associated with BM and could be used to identify high-risk patients. Correlation of OPN protein expression and BM needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Caldon CE, Musgrove EA. Distinct and redundant functions of cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 in development and cancer. Cell Div 2010; 5:2. [PMID: 20180967 PMCID: PMC2835679 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-5-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved E-type cyclins are core components of the cell cycle machinery, facilitating the transition into S phase through activation of the cyclin dependent kinases, and assembly of pre-replication complexes on DNA. Cyclin E1 and cyclin E2 are assumed to be functionally redundant, as cyclin E1-/- E2-/- mice are embryonic lethal while cyclin E1-/- and E2-/- single knockout mice have primarily normal phenotypes. However more detailed studies of the functions and regulation of the E-cyclins have unveiled potential additional roles for these proteins, such as in endoreplication and meiosis, which are more closely associated with either cyclin E1 or cyclin E2. Moreover, expression of each E-cyclin can be independently regulated by distinct transcription factors and microRNAs, allowing for context-specific expression. Furthermore, cyclins E1 and E2 are frequently expressed independently of one another in human cancer, with unique associations to signatures of poor prognosis. These data imply an absence of co-regulation of cyclins E1 and E2 during tumorigenesis and possibly different contributions to cancer progression. This is supported by in vitro data identifying divergent regulation of the two genes, as well as potentially different roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Caldon
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Li M, Xiao T, Zhang Y, Feng L, Lin D, Liu Y, Mao Y, Guo S, Han N, Di X, Zhang K, Cheng S, Gao Y. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in peripheral plasma and tumour tissues of lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2010; 69:341-7. [PMID: 20060194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) participates in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. We previously found that MMP-1 was one of the lung cancer-related proteins detectable in peripheral blood. To validate our preliminary observations and explore the clinical significance of MMP-1 for lung cancer further, we carried out the present study. The concentrations of MMP-1 in circulating plasma specimens of 170 lung cancer patients and 70 healthy individuals were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay. The expression status of the MMP-1 in archival tissue samples from 122 lung cancer patients was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The correlation between the MMP-1 levels and prognosis of the lung cancer patients was then assessed statistically. Protein levels of MMP-1 were considerably raised in the plasma from lung cancer patients relative to those in healthy controls. The high plasma MMP-1 levels were associated with advanced-stage of the disease and significantly lower overall survival rate of the patients. Coincidently, MMP-1 protein extraordinarily overexpressed in the tumour tissues of lung cancer; and the up-regulated MMP-1 was associated with the progression (including tumour size, staging and lymphatic invasion), especially with decreased survival rate of the patients. Statistic analysis revealed that MMP-1 protein levels had an independent influence on survival. MMP-1 levels were elevated in both tumour tissue and blood; the latter may serve as an independent predictor for survival of lung cancer patients. MMP-1 protein levels in plasma/serum thus represent a potential and clinically relevant biomarker for the prognosis of patients with lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, PR China
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Transcriptional induction of MMP-10 by TGF-beta, mediated by activation of MEF2A and downregulation of class IIa HDACs. Oncogene 2009; 29:909-19. [PMID: 19935709 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and components of the extracellular matrix, thereby profoundly affecting the microenvironment of cells including cancerous ones. We studied MMP-10 induction by TGF-beta in mammary epithelial cells and found that the induction was dependent on the myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 transcription factor. TGF-beta upregulated the gene promoter through the MEF2 site, and knockdown of the MEF2A transcription factor negatively affected MMP-10 induction, whereas its overexpression had a positive effect on the induction. In response to TGF-beta, acetylation and concomitant binding of MEF2A to the promoter region increased, thus suggesting a critical role of MEF2A in transactivation of MMP-10 by TGF-beta. Consistent with the fact that class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) interact with MEF2 and suppress transcription, knockdown of HDACs increased and their overexpression inhibited MMP-10 expression. Intriguingly, TGF-beta promoted proteasome-dependent degradation of HDACs. Consistent with this, acetylation of core histones was increased around the MEF2 site of the MMP-10 promoter by TGF-beta and alleviated by overexpression of HDACs. Collectively, it is possible that TGF-beta transcriptionally upregulated MMP-10 through activation of MEF2A, concomitant with acetylation of core histones increasing around the promoter, as a consequence of degradation of the class IIa HDACs.
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Saini S, Liu J, Yamamura S, Majid S, Kawakami K, Hirata H, Dahiya R. Functional significance of secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 in metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6815-22. [PMID: 19723665 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a Wingless-type (Wnt) antagonist that has been associated with various malignancies, including renal cell carcinomas (RCC). However, the functional significance of SFRP1 has never been investigated in metastatic RCC. Here, we investigated the role of this molecule in kidney cancer progression and metastasis. Using Wnt pathway-focused cDNA expression profiling in normal renal, primary RCC, and metastatic RCC cell lines, we identified that SFRP1 is up-regulated in metastatic RCC. SFRP1 overexpression in metastatic RCC was confirmed by immunostaining in renal tissues. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying SFRP1 up-regulation by analyzing DNA methylation and histone modification patterns on SFRP1 promoter. We found that this gene is unmethylated/hypomethylated and enriched in activating histone modifications in metastatic RCC. To understand the functional significance of SFRP1 overexpression in metastatic RCC with regard to tumorigenesis, we used a small interfering RNA-mediated approach to knockdown the gene and monitored cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metastatic behavior. Proliferation was unaltered and apoptosis increased on attenuation of SFRP1 expression. Also, SFRP1 depletion decreased the invasive potential of the metastatic RCC cell line, suggesting that the overexpression of this Wnt antagonist may be related to invasiveness and metastatic behavior in RCC. We investigated the molecular basis of the role of SFRP1 in invasion and metastasis and found that matrix metalloproteinase MMP10 is regulated by SFRP1. In conclusion, our data suggest that SFRP1 plays a role in the metastatic potential of RCC. The present findings may be important in the design of treatment modalities for metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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da Hora K, Valença SS, Porto LC. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α, MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-12, AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-2 ON ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES OF BALB/c MICE EXPOSED TO SHORT-TERM CIGARETTE SMOKE. Exp Lung Res 2009; 31:759-70. [PMID: 16368650 DOI: 10.1080/01902140500324828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar cells were evaluated in BALB/c mice exposed to smoke from 9 cigarettes per day. The mice were sacrificed at 1, 5, and 10 days and examined by lung morphometry and immunohistochemical staining of alveolar macrophages for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2. Cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice showed a progressive increase in numbers of alveolar macrophages (AMs) up to 10 days. MMP-12 was increased in AMs compared to the control group. The number of AMs with TNF-alpha and TIMP-2 labeling was higher at 5 days but decreased at 10 days. Short-term CS exposure induced pulmonary inflammation with major participation of MMP-12-positive AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia da Hora
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, IBRAG, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Karapanagiotou EM, Terpos E, Dilana KD, Alamara C, Gkiozos I, Polyzos A, Syrigos KN. Serum bone turnover markers may be involved in the metastatic potential of lung cancer patients. Med Oncol 2009; 27:332-8. [PMID: 19373566 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate several bone markers in Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung (SCLC) patients experiencing or not secondary bony disease. Fasting serum levels of bone formation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis markers were determined in 22 NSCLC patients with bone metastases, 18 without bone metastasis, and 28 SCLC patients. A total of 29 healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Decreased osteocalcin (OC) serum levels and increased osteopontin and ligand of the receptor of nuclear factor kB (RANKL) serum levels were detected in NCSLC patients with bone metastases while increased C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen and increased RANKL/OPG (osteoprotegerin) ratio were detected in SCLC patients. Increased serum levels of OPG were observed in all lung cancer patients. OPG may be actively involved in the development of lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, OC, OPN, and RANKL in NSCLC and CTX and RANKL in SCLC patients may also have a broader role in the pathogenesis and spread of lung cancer. They also provide useful information in identifying the group of patients that may benefit from a more rigorous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Karapanagiotou
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, Building Z, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, Mesogion 152, Athens 115 27, Greece.
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Vicent S, Luis-Ravelo D, Antón I, García-Tuñón I, Borrás-Cuesta F, Dotor J, De Las Rivas J, Lecanda F. A novel lung cancer signature mediates metastatic bone colonization by a dual mechanism. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2275-85. [PMID: 18381434 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a frequent target of lung cancer metastasis, which is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. To identify and functionally characterize genes involved in the mechanisms of osseous metastasis, we developed a murine lung cancer model. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified genes encoding signaling molecules (such as TCF4 and PRKD3) and cell anchorage-related proteins (MCAM and SUSD5), some of which were basally modulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in tumor cells and in conditions mimicking tumor-stromal interactions. Triple gene combinations induced not only high osteoclastogenic activity but also a marked enhancement of global metalloproteolytic activities in vitro. These effects were strongly associated with robust bone colonization in vivo, whereas this gene subset was ineffective in promoting local tumor growth and cell homing activity to bone. Interestingly, global inhibition of metalloproteolytic activities and simultaneous TGF-beta blockade in vivo led to increased survival and a remarkable attenuation of bone tumor burden and osteolytic metastasis. Thus, this metastatic gene signature mediates bone matrix degradation by a dual mechanism of induction of TGF-beta-dependent osteoclastogenic bone resorption and enhancement of stroma-dependent metalloproteolytic activities. Our findings suggest the cooperative contribution of host-derived and cell autonomous effects directed by a small subset of genes in mediating aggressive osseous colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Vicent
- Division of Oncology, Adhesion and Metastasis Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Frederick LA, Matthews JA, Jamieson L, Justilien V, Thompson EA, Radisky DC, Fields AP. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 is a critical effector of protein kinase Ciota-Par6alpha-mediated lung cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27:4841-53. [PMID: 18427549 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) drives transformed growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through the Rho family GTPase Rac1. We show here that PKCiota activates Rac1 in NSCLC cells by formation of a PKCiota-Par6alpha complex that drives anchorage-independent growth and invasion through activation of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) expression. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKCiota, Par6alpha or Rac1 expression inhibits NSCLC transformation and MMP-10 expression in vitro. Expression of wild-type Par6alpha in Par6alpha-deficient cells restores transformation and MMP-10 expression, whereas expression of Par6alpha mutants that either cannot bind PKCiota (Par6alpha-K19A) or couple to Rac1 (Par6alpha-DeltaCRIB) do not. Knockdown of MMP-10 expression blocks anchorage-independent growth and invasion of NSCLC cells and addition of catalytically active MMP-10 to PKCiota- or Par6alpha-deficient cells restores anchorage-independent growth and invasion. Dominant-negative PKCiota inhibits tumorigenicity and MMP-10 expression in subcutaneous NSCLC tumors. MMP-10 and PKCiota are coordinately overexpressed in primary NSCLC tumors, and tumor MMP-10 expression predicts poor survival in NSCLC patients. Our data define a PKCiota-Par6alpha-Rac1 signaling axis that drives anchorage-independent growth and invasion of NSCLC cells through induction of MMP-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Frederick
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Sun T, Gao Y, Tan W, Ma S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Guo Y, Zhao D, Zeng C, Lin D. Haplotypes in matrix metalloproteinase gene cluster on chromosome 11q22 contribute to the risk of lung cancer development and progression. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:7009-17. [PMID: 17145822 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play important roles in cancer development and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in some MMP genes were shown to confer susceptibility to certain cancers. This study examined the association between genotypes and haplotypes in the MMP1-MMP3-MMP12 gene cluster and risk of lung cancer development and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A two-stage investigation was conducted. First, 35 SNPs covering these genes were selected and validated in 190 patients and 190 controls. Twenty-two validated SNPs were then analyzed in an entire case-control panel consisting of 711 patients and 716 controls. Associations with the risk of lung cancer were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS The investigated MMP gene region could be partitioned into two major haplotype blocks. One common haplotype in the block composed of major part of MMP1 transcription region was significantly associated with increased risk for the development [odds ratio (OR), 1.35; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-1.63; P = 0.01; permutated P = 0.134] and distant metastasis of lung cancer (ORs for stage IV versus stages I-III, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.12-2.50; P = 0.009; permutated P = 0.048) and the other showed a protective effect against metastasis (ORs for stage IV versus stages I-III, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.62; P = 0.001; permutated P = 0.011). Another common haplotype in the block across MMP3 was significantly associated with decreased risk for developing lung cancer (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.86; P = 0.003; permutated P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The observed multiple cancer-associated genetic variants suggested that the MMP1-MMP3-MMP12 gene cluster plays important roles in lung cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Miyata Y, Iwata T, Maruta S, Kanda S, Nishikido M, Koga S, Kanetake H. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Role. Eur Urol 2007; 52:791-7. [PMID: 17207914 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 is associated with malignant aggressiveness in various cancers, but its importance has not been investigated in conventional renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance and malignant potential of MMP-10 in human CRCC tissues. PATIENTS AND METHODS Specimens were obtained from 103 CRCC patients who underwent radical surgery and were examined by immunohistochemistry for MMP-10 expression. The proportions of Ki-67-stained cells (proliferation index: PI) and densities of CD34-positive vessels (microvessel density: MVD) were measured by a computer-aided image analysis system. The relationships between MMP-10 expression and clinicopathologic features and various parameters including tumour size, PI, MVD, and survival were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS MMP-10 expression was mainly detected in cancer cell cytoplasm, and 45 (43.7%) CRCCs were considered MMP-10-positive. MMP-10 expression correlated with grade (p=0.006) and pT stage (p<0.001), and it was a significant and independent factor for high pT stage in multivariate analysis model. MMP-10 expression was associated with MVD (p = 0.022) but not tumour size or PI. MMP-10 expression in CRCC was a significant predictor of poor outcome by log-rank test (p = 0.013) but not by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS MMP-10 seems to play an important role in renal cancer cell invasion and is a potentially useful therapeutic target to prevent CRCC tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 852-8501 Nagasaki, Japan.
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36
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Wilkins-Port CE, Higgins PJ. Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling following Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Epidermal Growth Factor-Stimulated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Premalignant Keratinocytes. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 185:116-22. [PMID: 17587817 DOI: 10.1159/000101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, malignant cells exploit critical developmental and tissue remodeling programs, often promoting a plastic phenotype referred to as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Autocrine/paracrine signaling due to tumor microenvironment cytokines, such as members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) families, largely regulates the morphological and invasive phases of the EMT phenotype. Notably, epithelial cell initiation often coincides with a switch in the response of these cells to TGF-beta and is concomitant with EGF receptor amplification. Modeling these events, we have observed that premalignant human keratinocytes, HaCaTs, acquire a highly motile and scattered phenotype indicative of EMT following stimulation with TGF-beta1 and EGF. TGF-beta1 and EGF have been shown to upregulate a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in epithelial cells, which may in turn play a role in developing metastatic potential in these cells. We have established that an increase in MMP-10 expression occurs following treatment of HaCaT cells with a combination of TGF-beta1 and EGF. This increase in MMP-10 expression paralleled the development of a collagenolytic phenotype that was sensitive to components of the plasminogen activation system, including the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). Significantly high levels of MMP-10 have been detected in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, esophagus, oral cavity and skin. Importantly, TGF-beta1 in addition to upregulating MMP-10 has been shown to upregulate PAI-1 expression in HaCaT cells. Taken together, these observations suggest that TGF-beta1 and EGF play a complex role in modulating proteolytic and transitional events such as EMT that may facilitate the progression of human premalignant epithelial cells toward a more invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Wilkins-Port
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Srinivasan P, Ramasamy P, Brennan GP, Hanna R. Inhibitory Effects of Bacteriophages on the Growth of Vibrio sp., Pathogens of Shrimp in the Indian Aquaculture Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2007.166.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wilkins-Port CE, Higgins CE, Freytag J, Higgins SP, Carlson JA, Higgins PJ. PAI-1 is a Critical Upstream Regulator of the TGF-beta1/EGF-Induced Invasive Phenotype in Mutant p53 Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Biomed Biotechnol 2007; 2007:85208. [PMID: 17515947 PMCID: PMC1868077 DOI: 10.1155/2007/85208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of highly aggressive subtypes of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often reflects increased autocrine/paracrine TGF-β synthesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification. Cooperative TGF-β/EGFR signaling promotes cell migration and induces expression of both proteases and protease inhibitors that regulate stromal remodeling resulting in acquisition of an invasive phenotype. TGF-β1+EGF stimulation increases the production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human SCC. Among the most prominent is MMP-10 which is known to be elevated in SCC in situ. Activation of stromal plasminogen appears to be critical in triggering downstream MMP activity. Paradoxically, PAI-1, the major physiological inhibitor of plasmin generation, is also up-regulated under these conditions and is an early event in progression of incipient epidermal SCC. A model is proposed in which TGF-β1+EGF-dependent MMP-10 elevation directs focalized matrix remodeling events that promote epithelial cell plasticity and tissue invasion. Increased PAI-1 expression serves to temporally and spatially modulate plasmin-initiated pericellular proteolysis, further facilitating epithelial invasive potential. Defining the complex signaling mechanisms that maintain this elegant balance is critical to developing potential therapeutics for the treatment of human cutaneous malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E. Wilkins-Port
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Craig E. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jennifer Freytag
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - J. Andrew Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- *Paul J. Higgins:
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Papotti M, Kalebic T, Volante M, Chiusa L, Bacillo E, Cappia S, Lausi P, Novello S, Borasio P, Scagliotti GV. Bone Sialoprotein Is Predictive of Bone Metastases in Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:4818-24. [PMID: 17050866 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.06.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone metastases (BM) in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be detected at diagnosis or during the course of the disease, and are associated with a worse prognosis. Currently, there are no predictive or diagnostic markers to identify high-risk patients for metastatic bone dissemination. Patients and Methods Thirty patients with resected NSCLC who subsequently developed BM were matched for clinicopathologic parameters to 30 control patients with resected NSCLC without any metastases and 26 patients with resected NSCLC and non-BM lesions. Primary tumors were investigated by immunohistochemistry for 10 markers involved in bone resorption or development of metastases. Differences among groups were estimated by χ2 test, whereas the prognostic impact of clinicopathologic parameters and marker expression was evaluated by univariate (Wilcoxon and Mantel-Cox tests) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards regression model) analyses. Results The presence of bone sialoprotein (BSP) was strongly associated with bone dissemination (P < .001) and, independently, with worse outcome (P = .02, Mantel-Cox test), as defined by overall survival. To evaluate BSP protein expression in nonselected NSCLC, a series of 120 consecutive resected lung carcinomas was added to the study, and BSP prevalence reached 40%. No other markers showed a statistically significant difference among the three groups or demonstrated a prognostic impact, in terms of both overall survival and time interval to metastases. Conclusion BSP protein expression in the primary resected NSCLC is strongly associated with BM progression and could be useful in identifying high-risk patients who could benefit from novel modalities of surveillance and preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Papotti
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Heist RS, Marshall AL, Liu G, Zhou W, Su L, Neuberg D, Lynch TJ, Wain J, Christiani DC. Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms and Survival in Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:5448-53. [PMID: 17000679 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of enzymes that can degrade extracellular matrix and facilitate invasion through the basement membrane. Several polymorphisms in MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12 have been described, some of which lead to differential transcription. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in these MMP genes may be associated with survival outcomes in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the relationship between MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12 polymorphisms and both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among 382 patients with stage I NSCLC. Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were done using Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier methods and the log-rank test. RESULTS Patients carrying the variant G allele of the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism had significantly worse outcomes [crude hazard ratio (HR) for OS 1.74; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-2.58, P=0.006; crude HR for RFS, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23, P=0.03]. After adjusting for age, sex, stage, pack-years of smoking, and histologic subtype, the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism remained significantly associated with survival outcomes [adjusted HR (AHR) for OS, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.28-2.97, P=0.002; AHR for RFS, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07-2.41, P=0.02]. None of the other MMP polymorphisms was significantly associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that patients with stage I NSCLC carrying the variant G allele of the MMP-12 1082A/G polymorphism have worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Suk Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Stearman RS, Dwyer-Nield L, Zerbe L, Blaine SA, Chan Z, Bunn PA, Johnson GL, Hirsch FR, Merrick DT, Franklin WA, Baron AE, Keith RL, Nemenoff RA, Malkinson AM, Geraci MW. Analysis of orthologous gene expression between human pulmonary adenocarcinoma and a carcinogen-induced murine model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 167:1763-75. [PMID: 16314486 PMCID: PMC1613183 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human adenocarcinoma (AC) is the most frequently diagnosed human lung cancer, and its absolute incidence is increasing dramatically. Compared to human lung AC, the A/J mouse-urethane model exhibits similar histological appearance and molecular changes. We examined the gene expression profiles of human and murine lung tissues (normal or AC) and compared the two species' datasets after aligning approximately 7500 orthologous genes. A list of 409 gene classifiers (P value <0.0001), common to both species (joint classifiers), showed significant, positive correlation in expression levels between the two species. A number of previously reported expression changes were recapitulated in both species, such as changes in glycolytic enzymes and cell-cycle proteins. Unexpectedly, joint classifiers in angiogenesis were uniformly down-regulated in tumor tissues. The eicosanoid pathway enzymes prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase (PGES) were joint classifiers that showed opposite effects in lung AC (PGIS down-regulated; PGES up-regulated). Finally, tissue microarrays identified the same protein expression pattern for PGIS and PGES in 108 different non-small cell lung cancer biopsies, and the detection of PGIS had statistically significant prognostic value in patient survival. Thus, the A/J mouse-urethane model reflects significant molecular details of human lung AC, and comparison of changes in orthologous gene expression may provide novel insights into lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Stearman
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA.
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Gruber MP, Coldren CD, Woolum MD, Cosgrove GP, Zeng C, Barón AE, Moore MD, Cool CD, Worthen GS, Brown KK, Geraci MW. Human lung project: evaluating variance of gene expression in the human lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006; 35:65-71. [PMID: 16498083 PMCID: PMC2658699 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0261oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nondiseased tissue is an important reference for microarray studies of pulmonary disease. We obtained 23 single lungs from multiorgan donors at time of procurement. Donors varied in age, sex, smoking history, and ethnicity. Lungs were dissected into upper and lower lobe peripheral sections for RNA extraction. Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix Hu-133 Plus 2.0 arrays. We observed that the relative variability of gene expression increased rapidly from technical (lowest), to regional, to population (highest). In addition, age and sex have measurable effects on gene expression. Gene expression variability is heterogeneously distributed among biologic categories. We conclude that gene expression variability is greater between individuals than within individuals and that population variability is the most important factor in the study design of microarray experiments of the human lung. Classes of genes with high population variability are biologically important and provide a novel perspective into lung physiology and pathobiology. Our study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nondiseased lung tissue. The generation of this robust dataset has important implications for the design and implementation of future comparative expression analysis with pulmonary disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Gruber
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Ave, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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Su L, Zhou W, Asomaning K, Lin X, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Liu G, Christiani DC. Genotypes and haplotypes of matrix metalloproteinase 1, 3 and 12 genes and the risk of lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:1024-9. [PMID: 16311244 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) are a family of secreted zinc metalloproteases that degrade the collagens of the extracellular matrix important in tissue remodeling and repair during development and inflammation. We investigated the associations between polymorphisms of MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G, rs1799750), MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A, rs3025058), and MMP-12 (-82AG, rs2276109, and 1082A/G, rs652438) and the risk of lung cancer in 2014 Caucasian lung cancer patients and 1323 healthy controls. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. The four polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Except for the 1G-1082A, the other linkage disequilibrium tests between the four MMP polymorphisms were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no overall association between individual MMP polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. The MMP polymorphisms jointly were associated with a non-statistically significant higher risk of lung cancer, with the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of subjects with 5+ variant alleles versus zero variant allele of 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-1.88]. Stronger associations were observed in never-smokers and males, with the corresponding AORs of 2.44 (95%CI, 1.10-5.43, P(trend) = 0.04) in never smokers and 1.35 (95%CI, 0.79-2.30, P(trend) = 0.04) in men. In haplotype analysis, the 1G-6A-82A-1082G haplotype was associated with higher risk of lung cancer among never smokers, with the AOR of 3.65 (95%CI, 1.62-8.20) when compared with the most common 1G-5A-82A-1082A haplotype. In conclusion, the combined MMP genotypes and associated haplotypes may be associated with higher risk of lung cancer, particularly among never smokers and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Schnabl B, Hu K, Mühlbauer M, Hellerbrand C, Stefanovic B, Brenner DA, Schölmerich J. Zinc finger protein 267 is up-regulated during the activation process of human hepatic stellate cells and functions as a negative transcriptional regulator of MMP-10. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:87-96. [PMID: 16054593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the central event in the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The transdifferentiation process of quiescent into activated HSCs requires a complete reprogramming in gene expression, which is governed by modulation of transcriptional activators or repressors. Using microarray analysis to identify genes differentially expressed during the activation process of human HSCs, zinc finger protein 267 (ZNF267) mRNA was up-regulated in activated HSCs and in cirrhotic human liver. ZNF267 belongs to the family of Kruppel-like zinc fingers and contains a conserved KRAB (Kruppel associated box) A and B domain in the N-terminal part outside the C-terminal region of zinc fingers. ZNF267 constructs containing enhanced cyan fluorescence protein were constitutively localized in the nucleus. When fused to GAL4 DNA binding domain, full-length ZNF267 and all constructs encompassing KRAB A domain showed transcriptional repressor activity. Microarray analysis and RNase protection assays showed that ZNF267 represses MMP-10 gene expression, which was confirmed by reporter gene assays. Furthermore, ZNF267 binds to the MMP-10 promoter region as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. In conclusion, our results suggest that ZNF267 as a negative transcriptional regulator of MMP-10 might promote liver fibrogenesis through alteration of matrix degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Riddick ACP, Shukla CJ, Pennington CJ, Bass R, Nuttall RK, Hogan A, Sethia KK, Ellis V, Collins AT, Maitland NJ, Ball RY, Edwards DR. Identification of degradome components associated with prostate cancer progression by expression analysis of human prostatic tissues. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:2171-80. [PMID: 15928670 PMCID: PMC2361819 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine protease families participate in many aspects of tumour growth and metastasis. Using quantitative real-time RT–PCR analysis, we have undertaken a comprehensive survey of the expression of these enzymes and of their natural inhibitors in 44 cases of human prostate cancer and 23 benign prostate specimens. We found increased expression of MMP10, 15, 24, 25 and 26, urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), and the newly characterised serine proteases hepsin and matriptase-1 (MTSP1) in malignant tissue compared to benign prostate tissue. In contrast, there was significantly decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP23, maspin, and the protease inhibitors tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), TIMP4 and RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) in the cancer specimens. The expression of MMP15 and MMP26 correlated positively with Gleason score, whereas TIMP3, TIMP4 and RECK expression correlated negatively with Gleason score. The cellular localisation of the expression of the deregulated genes was evaluated using primary malignant epithelial and stromal cell cultures derived from radical prostatectomy specimens. MMP10 and 25, hepsin, MTSP1 and maspin showed predominantly epithelial expression, whereas TIMP 3 and 4, RECK, MMP2 and 23, uPAR and PAI1 were produced primarily by stromal cells. These data provide the first comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the expression and localisation of MMPs and their inhibitors in human prostate cancer, leading to the identification of several genes involved in proteolysis as potential prognostic indicators, in particular hepsin, MTSP1, MMP26, PAI1, uPAR, MMP15, TIMP3, TIMP4, maspin and RECK.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C P Riddick
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - C J Shukla
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C J Pennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - R Bass
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - R K Nuttall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A Hogan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - K K Sethia
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - V Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A T Collins
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, YO 10 5YW, UK
| | - N J Maitland
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, YO 10 5YW, UK
| | - R Y Ball
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - D R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- e-mail:
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Vazquez-Ortiz G, Pina-Sanchez P, Vazquez K, Duenas A, Taja L, Mendoza P, Garcia JA, Salcedo M. Overexpression of cathepsin F, matrix metalloproteinases 11 and 12 in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2005; 5:68. [PMID: 15989693 PMCID: PMC1175083 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical carcinoma (CC) is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and the first cause of death among the Mexican female population. CC progression shows a continuum of neoplastic transitions until invasion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsins play a central role on the enhancement of tumor-induced angiogenesis, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and connective tissue degradation. MMPs -2 and -9 expression has been widely studied in cervical cancer. Nevertheless, no other metalloproteinases or cathepsins have been yet related with the progression and/or invasion of this type of cancer. METHODS Three HPV18 CC cell lines, two HPV16 CC cell lines and three HPV16 tumor CC tissues were compared with three morphologically normal, HPV negative, cervical specimens by cDNA arrays. Overexpression of selected genes was confirmed by end point semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR with densitometry. In situ hybridization and protein expression of selected genes was further studied by means of two tissue microarrays, one consisting of 10 HSIL and 15 CC and the other one of 15 normal cervical and 10 LSIL tissues. RESULTS TIMP1, Integrins alpha 1 and 4, cadherin 2 and 11, Cathepsins F, B L2, MMP 9, 10 11 and 12 were upregulated and Cathepsin S, L, H and C, Cadherins 3 and 4, TIMP3, MMP 13, Elastase 2 and Integrin beta 8 were found to be downregulated by cDNA arrays. Endpoint RT-PCR with densitometry gave consistent results with the cDNA array findings for all three genes selected for study (CTSF, MMP11 and MMP12). In situ hybridization of all three genes confirmed overexpression in all the HSIL and CC. Two of the selected proteins were detected in LSIL, HSIL and CC by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Novel undetected CC promoting genes have been identified. Increased transcription of these genes may result in overexpression of proteins, such as CTSF, MMP11 and MMP12 which could contribute to the pathogenesis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guelaguetza Vazquez-Ortiz
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, Mexico
| | - Patricia Pina-Sanchez
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, Mexico
| | - Karla Vazquez
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, Mexico
| | | | - Lucia Taja
- Division of Basic Research, INCAN, SS, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mendoza
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, Mexico
| | - José A Garcia
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Research Department, La Salle University, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center SXXI-IMSS, Mexico
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Gill JH, Kirwan IG, Seargent JM, Martin SW, Tijani S, Anikin VA, Mearns AJ, Bibby MC, Anthoney A, Loadman PM. MMP-10 is overexpressed, proteolytically active, and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in human lung carcinomas. Neoplasia 2005; 6:777-85. [PMID: 15720804 PMCID: PMC1550316 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix is a major factor for tumor development and expansion. This study analysed MMP-10 protein expression and activity in human lung tumors of various grade, stage, and type to address the relationship between MMP-10 and tumor characteristics and to evaluate MMP-10 as a therapeutic target in non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Unlike the majority of MMPs, MMP-10 was located in the tumor mass as opposed to tumor stroma. MMP-10 protein was observed at low levels in normal human lung tissues and at significantly higher levels in all types of NSCLC. No correlation was observed between MMP-10 protein expression and tumor type, stage, or lymph node invasion. To discriminate between active and inactive forms of MMP-10 in samples of human NSCLC, we have developed an ex vivo fluorescent assay. Measurable MMP-10 activity was detected in 42 of 50 specimens of lung cancer and only 2 of 10 specimens of histologically normal lung tissue. No relationship was observed between MMP-10 activity levels and clinicopathologic characteristics. Our results suggest that MMP-10 is expressed and active at high levels in human NSCLC compared to normal lung tissues, and, as such, is a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Gill
- Cancer Research UK Laboratories, Tom Connors Cancer Research Centre, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Aljada IS, Ramnath N, Donohue K, Harvey S, Brooks JJ, Wiseman SM, Khoury T, Loewen G, Slocum HK, Anderson TM, Bepler G, Tan D. Upregulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein is associated with progression of human non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:3218-29. [PMID: 15249585 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been shown that TIMP-1 may be a multifunctional protein. Little is known about the role of TIMP-1 in progression and metastasis of human lung cancer (tumor inhibiting or tumor promoting), although studies using a variety of techniques have analyzed the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA and/or protein in human cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the expression of TIMP-1 protein by immunohistochemistry in patients (n = 160) with primary respectable (stage I to IIIA) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS Twenty-seven percent of the tumors (43 of 160) demonstrated elevated expression of this protein. We demonstrate that overexpression of TIMP-1 protein is associated with an adverse outcome. In addition, disease stage, patient's age, and performance status were all significantly related to survival. In multivariate analyses, patients with high TIMP-1 expression had a 90% increased risk of death when compared with those with low expression (relative risk, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.09; P =.008). TIMP-1 expression did not correlate with expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TIMP-1, independent of its inhibiting activity of MMPs, may have other function(s) critical for NSCLCs. The significance of our results is two-fold. The adverse outcome in patients with overexpression of TIMP-1 indicates its potential prognostic value in NSCLC. Thus, TIMP-1 overexpression may serve to help identify patients with particularly aggressive disease for adjuvant treatments. In addition, the TIMP-1 molecule may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of some NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S Aljada
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, State University of New York, Buffalo, Elm and Carlton Sts, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Aubert JD, Sauty A. Quelques nouveautés dans la biologie moléculaire du cancer pulmonaire. Rev Mal Respir 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(04)71918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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