1
|
Xiao B, Xiang Q, Deng Z, Chen D, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Wei S, Luo G, Li L. KCNN1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer via ERLIN2-mediated stabilization and K63-dependent ubiquitination of Cyclin B1. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:809-823. [PMID: 37831636 PMCID: PMC10818095 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily N1 (KCNN1), an integral membrane protein, is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic after hyperpolarization. However, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis has been rarely reported, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that KCNN1 functions as an oncogene in promoting breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. KCNN1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. The pro-proliferative and pro-metastatic effects of KCNN1 were demonstrated by CCK8, clone formation, Edu assay, wound healing assay and transwell experiments. Transcriptomic analysis using KCNN1 overexpressing cells revealed that KCNN1 could regulate key signaling pathways affecting the survival of breast cancer cells. KCNN1 interacts with ERLIN2 and enhances the effect of ERLIN2 on Cyclin B1 stability. Overexpression of KCNN1 promoted the protein expression of Cyclin B1, enhanced its stability and promoted its K63 dependent ubiquitination, while knockdown of KCNN1 had the opposite effects on Cyclin B1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLNI2 partially restored Cyclin B1 stability and K63 dependent ubiquitination induced by overexpression (or knockdown) of KCNN1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLIN2 also partially neutralizes the effects of overexpression (or knockdown) KCNN1-induced breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In paired breast cancer clinical samples, we found a positive expression correlations between KCNN1 and ERLIN2, KCNN1 and Cyclin B1, as well as ERLIN2 and Cyclin B1. In conclusion, this study reveals, for the first time, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis and emphasizes the importance of KCNN1/ERLIN2/Cyclin B1 axis in the development and metastasis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Zihua Deng
- Department of General Surgery Section 5, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Daxiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Yaru Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of General Surgery Section 5, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song JJ, Chobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy BI, Cios KJ, Huda TI, Eakins RA, Diaz MJ, Blanck G. Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:669-677. [PMID: 38052065 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand how adaptive immune receptors (IRs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironments are related to disease outcomes, we employed a chemical complementarity scoring algorithm to quantify electrostatic complementarity between HCC tumor TRB or IGH complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences and previously characterized hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes. High electrostatic complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and 12 HCV epitopes was associated with greater survival probabilities, as indicated by two distinct HCC IR CDR3 datasets. Two of the HCV epitopes, HCV*71871 (TRB) and HCV*13458 (IGH), were also determined to represent significantly larger electrostatic CDR3-HCV epitope complementarity in HCV-positive HCC cases, compared with HCV-negative HCC cases, with the CDR3s representing yet a third, independent HCC dataset. Overall, the results indicated the utility of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as potential guides for the development of therapeutic reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Chobrutskiy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Konrad J Cios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha I Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel A Eakins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabarcas-Petroski S, Olshefsky G, Schramm L. MAF1 is a predictive biomarker in HER2 positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291549. [PMID: 37801436 PMCID: PMC10558074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III transcription is pivotal in regulating cellular growth and frequently deregulated in various cancers. MAF1 negatively regulates RNA polymerase III transcription. Currently, it is unclear if MAF1 is universally deregulated in human cancers. Recently, MAF1 expression has been demonstrated to be altered in colorectal and liver carcinomas and Luminal B breast cancers. In this study, we analyzed clinical breast cancer datasets to determine if MAF1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer. Using various bioinformatics tools, we screened breast cancer datasets for alterations in MAF1 expression. We report that MAF1 is amplified in 39% of all breast cancer sub-types, and the observed amplification co-occurs with MYC. MAF1 amplification correlated with increased methylation of the MAF1 promoter and MAF1 protein expression is significantly decreased in luminal, HER2-positive, and TNBC breast cancer subtypes. MAF1 protein expression is also significantly reduced in stage 2 and 3 breast cancer compared to normal and significantly decreased in all breast cancer patients, regardless of race and age. In SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines treated with anti-HER2 therapies, MAF1 mRNA expression is significantly increased. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, MAF1 expression significantly increases and correlates with five years of relapse-free survival in response to trastuzumab treatment, suggesting MAF1 is a predictive biomarker in breast cancer. These data suggest a role for MAF1 alterations in HER2-positive breast cancer. More extensive studies are warranted to determine if MAF1 serves as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song JJ, Chobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy BI, Cios KJ, Huda TI, Eakins RA, Diaz MJ, Blanck G. TRB CDR3 chemical complementarity with HBV epitopes correlates with increased hepatocellular carcinoma, disease-free survival. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29043. [PMID: 37621059 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a site of immune privilege, compared with the bladder and skin, for example. To study this attenuation of the immune response in the cancer setting, we compared quantities and features of adaptive immune receptor (IR) recombination reads obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and six other cancers. Of these cancers, HCC had the lowest numbers of IR recombination reads and was the only cancer with a greater number immunoglobulin rather than T-cell receptor recombination reads. To better understand the role of adaptive IRs obtained from the tumor microenvironment in shaping the outcome of HCC cases, we quantified the chemical complementarity between HCC tumor TRB and IGH complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences, and known hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes. High chemical complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and three HBV epitopes correlated with increased survival probabilities, for two sources of CDR3s representing different CDR3 recovery algorithms. These results suggest the potential of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as guides for future development of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Chobrutskiy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Konrad J Cios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha I Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel A Eakins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang JH, Xu BW, Shen D, Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu JL, Meng GX, Li GZ, Zhang ZL. BRF2 is mediated by microRNA-409-3p and promotes invasion and metastasis of HCC through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36927769 PMCID: PMC10018885 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its invasiveness and ability to metastasize contributes to an extremely high patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the characteristics of HCC progression are not well understood. BRF2 has been shown to be an oncogene in a number of tumors; however, its role in HCC has not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we identified and validated BRF2 as an oncogene in HCC, providing a new insight into HCC pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. We showed that BRF2 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, while BRF2 depletion suppressed HCC metastasis and invasion. We then examined the upstream regulation of BRF2 and identified miR-409-3p as being predicted to bind to the 3' UTR of BRF2. We used a luciferase activity assay and functional verification to show that BRF2 is downregulated by miR-409-3p. Finally, we used bioinformatic analysis to show that BRF2 may be related to early HCC development through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Province Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, GanSu Province, China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Liang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zong-Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cabarcas-Petroski S, Olshefsky G, Schramm L. BDP1 as a biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6401-6418. [PMID: 36305848 PMCID: PMC10028122 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFIIIB, an RNA polymerase III specific transcription factor has been found to be deregulated in human cancers with much of the research focused on the TBP, BRF1, and BRF2 subunits. To date, the TFIIIB specific subunit BDP1 has not been investigated in ovarian cancer but has previously been shown to be deregulated in neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. RESULTS Using in silico analysis of clinically derived platforms, we report a decreased BDP1 expression as a result of deletion in serous ovarian cancer and a correlation with higher and advanced ovarian stages. Further analysis in the context of TP53 mutations, a major contributor to ovarian tumorigenesis, suggests that high BDP1 expression is unfavorable for overall survival and high BDP1 expression occurs in stages 2, 3 and 4 serous ovarian cancer. Additionally, high BDP1 expression is disadvantageous and unfavorable for progression-free survival. Lastly, BDP1 expression significantly decreased in patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, platin and taxane, at twelve-month relapse-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with a ROC analysis, the data suggest BDP1 could be of clinical relevance as a predictive biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Lastly, this study further demonstrates that both the over- and under expression of BDP1 warrants further investigation and suggests BDP1 may exhibit dual function in the context of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Biology Department, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
BDP1 Alterations Correlate with Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071658. [PMID: 35406430 PMCID: PMC8996959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer accounts for 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States. The most common type of breast cancer is invasive breast cancer. A hallmark trait of breast cancer is uncontrolled cell growth due to genetic alterations. TFIIIB-mediated RNA polymerase III transcription is specifically deregulated in human cancers. The TFIIIB BDP1 subunit is not well characterized in human cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze publicly available clinical cancer datasets to determine if BDP1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes in available breast cancer datasets. BDP1 copy number and expression negatively correlate with breast cancer outcomes, including stage, grade, and mortality. Abstract TFIIIB is deregulated in a variety of cancers. However, few studies investigate the TFIIIB subunit BDP1 in cancer. BDP1 has not been studied in breast cancer patients. Herein, we analyzed clinical breast cancer datasets to determine if BDP1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes. BDP1 copy number (n = 1602; p = 8.03 × 10−9) and mRNA expression (n = 130; p = 0.002) are specifically decreased in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In IDC, BDP1 copy number negatively correlates with high grade (n = 1992; p = 2.62 × 10−19) and advanced stage (n = 1992; p = 0.005). BDP1 mRNA expression also negatively correlated with high grade (n = 55; p = 6.81 × 10−4) and advanced stage (n = 593; p = 4.66 × 10−4) IDC. Decreased BDP1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes (n = 295 samples): a metastatic event at three years (p = 7.79 × 10−7) and cancer reoccurrence at three years (p = 4.81 × 10−7) in IDC. Decreased BDP1 mRNA correlates with patient death at three (p = 9.90 × 10−6) and five (p = 1.02 × 10−6) years. Both BDP1 copy number (n = 3785; p = 1.0 × 10−14) and mRNA expression (n = 2434; p = 5.23 × 10−6) are altered in triple-negative invasive breast cancer (TNBC). Together, these data suggest a role for BDP1 as potential biomarker in breast cancer and additional studies are warranted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonzalez-Pecchi V, Kwan AK, Doyle S, Ivanov AA, Du Y, Fu H. NSD3S stabilizes MYC through hindering its interaction with FBXW7. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:438-447. [PMID: 31638140 PMCID: PMC7333476 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor plays a key role in cell growth control. Enhanced MYC protein stability has been found to promote tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding how MYC stability is controlled may have significant implications for revealing MYC-driven growth regulatory mechanisms in physiological and pathological processes. Our previous work identified the histone lysine methyltransferase nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) as a MYC modulator. NSD3S, a noncatalytic isoform of NSD3 with oncogenic activity, appears to bind, stabilize, and activate the transcriptional activity of MYC. However, the mechanism by which NSD3S stabilizes MYC remains to be elucidated. To uncover the nature of the interaction and the underlying mechanism of MYC regulation by NSD3S, we characterized the binding interface between both proteins by narrowing the interface to a 15-amino acid region in NSD3S that is partially required for MYC regulation. Mechanistically, NSD3S binds to MYC and reduces the association of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) with MYC, which results in suppression of FBXW7-mediated proteasomal degradation of MYC and an increase in MYC protein half-life. These results support a critical role for NSD3S in the regulation of MYC function and provide a novel mechanism for NSD3S oncogenic function through inhibition of FBXW7-mediated degradation of MYC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gonzalez-Pecchi
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Albert K Kwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrey A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rashidieh B, Molakarimi M, Mohseni A, Tria SM, Truong H, Srihari S, Adams RC, Jones M, Duijf PHG, Kalimutho M, Khanna KK. Targeting BRF2 in Cancer Using Repurposed Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153778. [PMID: 34359683 PMCID: PMC8345145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BRF2, a subunit of the RNA polymerase III transcription complex, is upregulated in a wide variety of cancers and is a potential therapeutic target; however, no effective drugs are available to target BRF2. The upregulation of BRF2 in cancer cells confers survival via the prevention of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In this manuscript, we report the identification of potential BRF2 inhibitors through in silico drug repurposing screening. We further characterized bexarotene as a hit compound for the development of selective BRF2 inhibitors and provide experimental validation to support the repurposing of this FDA-approved drug as an agent to reduce the cellular levels of ROS and consequent BRF2 expression in cancers with elevated levels of oxidative stress. Abstract The overexpression of BRF2, a selective subunit of RNA polymerase III, has been shown to be crucial in the development of several types of cancers, including breast cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Predominantly, BRF2 acts as a central redox-sensing transcription factor (TF) and is involved in rescuing oxidative stress (OS)-induced apoptosis. Here, we showed a novel link between BRF2 and the DNA damage response. Due to the lack of BRF2-specific inhibitors, through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified potential drug candidates that interfere with BRF2-TATA-binding Protein (TBP)-DNA complex interactions based on binding energy, intermolecular, and torsional energy parameters. We experimentally tested bexarotene as a potential BRF2 inhibitor. We found that bexarotene (Bex) treatment resulted in a dramatic decline in oxidative stress and Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ)-induced levels of BRF2 and consequently led to a decrease in the cellular proliferation of cancer cells which may in part be due to the drug pretreatment-induced reduction of ROS generated by the oxidizing agent. Our data thus provide the first experimental evidence that BRF2 is a novel player in the DNA damage response pathway and that bexarotene can be used as a potential inhibitor to treat cancers with the specific elevation of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rashidieh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Maryam Molakarimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nasr Bridge, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ammar Mohseni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nasr Bridge, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Simon Manuel Tria
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hein Truong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Rachael C. Adams
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mathew Jones
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (K.K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
TFIIB-related factor 2 regulates glucose-regulated protein 78 expression in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:95-100. [PMID: 33453679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acquired middle ear cholesteatoma leads to hearing loss, ear discharge, ear pain, and more serious intracranial complications. However, there is still no effective treatment other than surgery. TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) acted as a redox sensor overexpressing in oxidative stress which linked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, while glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was a biomarker of ER stress in cancer, atherosclerosis and inflammation. In our study, we investigated the roles of BRF2 and GRP78 in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Our results revealed that the expression of BRF2 was significant increased in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma, and which was positively correlated with the expression of GRP78. In addition, BRF2 and GRP78 showed colocalization in epithelium of acquired middle ear cholesteatomas and HaCaT cells. Prolongation of LPS stimulation in HaCaT cells escalated the expression of BRF2 and GRP78. To confirm the role of BRF2 and GRP78, we transfected si-BRF2 into HaCaT cells. All results indicated that BRF2 expression positively regulates the expression of GRP78 and may participate in the pathogenesis of acquire middle ear cholesteatoma.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Xie P, Jiang D, Liu J, Zhang J, Bian T, Shi J. Molecular and Immune Characteristics for Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients With ERLIN2 Overexpression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568440. [PMID: 33424830 PMCID: PMC7793841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft-associated protein 2 (ERLIN2) is protein contained in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the molecular function of ERLIN2 and the correlation between ERLIN2 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the role of ERLIN2 in LUAD development to provide a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and identify new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect protein and mRNA levels of ERLIN2 in LUAD and adjacent normal tissues. Using the A549, H1299 cell line, ERLIN2-short hairpin RNA was applied to silence ERLIN2 to determine its role in LUAD cell proliferation and invasion. Based on mRNA expression of ERLIN2 from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we identified ERLIN2-related protein-coding genes and analyzed the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway to explore its potential biological functions and determined the correlation between ERLIN2 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Results ERLIN2 was abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and is highly expressed in LUAD. This overexpression was associated with histological grade (P = 0.044), TNM stage (P = 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.038). Patient overall survival was poorer with ERLIN2 overexpression. Downregulation of ERLIN2 inhibited LUAD cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Based on mRNA expression of ERLIN2 from the TCGA database, 13 ERLIN2-related genes and 10 pathways were identified and showed a correlation between ERLIN2 and naive B cells and neutrophils. Conclusion ERLIN2 could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LUAD and has demonstrated to be correlated with immune infiltrates, which suggests that it may represent a new therapeutic target for LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Daishang Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Departments of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cabarcas-Petroski S, Meneses PI, Schramm L. A meta-analysis of BRF2 as a prognostic biomarker in invasive breast carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1093. [PMID: 33176745 PMCID: PMC7659115 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of the RNA polymerase III specific TFIIIB subunit BRF2 occurs in subtypes of human cancers. However, correlations between BRF2 alterations and clinical outcomes in breast cancer are limited. We conducted this review to analyze BRF2 alterations in genomic data sets housed in Oncomine and cBioPortal to identify potential correlations between BRF2 alterations and clinical outcomes. METHODS The authors queried both Oncomine and cBioPortal for alterations in BRF2 in human cancers and performed meta-analyses identifying significant correlations between BRF2 and clinical outcomes in invasive breast cancer (IBC). RESULTS A meta cancer outlier profile analysis (COPA) of 715 data sets (86,733 samples) in Oncomine identified BRF2 as overexpressed in 60% of breast cancer data sets. COPA scores in IBC data sets (3594 patients) are comparable for HER2 (24.211, median gene rank 60) and BRF2 (29.656, median gene rank 36.5). Overall survival in IBC patients with BRF2 alterations (21%) is significantly decreased (p = 9.332e-3). IBC patients with BRF2 alterations aged 46 to 50 have a significantly poor survival outcome (p = 7.093e-3). Strikingly, in metastatic breast cancer, BRF2 is altered in 33% of women aged 45-50. BRF2 deletions are predominant in this age group. CONCLUSION This study suggests BRF2 may be an prognostic biomarker in invasive breast carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Voutsadakis IA. Amplification of 8p11.23 in cancers and the role of amplicon genes. Life Sci 2020; 264:118729. [PMID: 33166592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Copy number alterations are widespread in cancer genomes and are part of the genomic instability underlying the pathogenesis of neoplastic diseases. Recurrent copy number alterations of specific chromosomal loci may result in gains of oncogenes or losses of tumor suppressor genes and become entrenched in the genomic framework of certain types of cancers. The locus at chromosome 8p11.23 presents recurrent amplifications most commonly in squamous lung carcinomas, breast cancers, squamous esophageal carcinomas, and urothelial carcinomas. Amplification is rare in other cancers. The amplified segment involves several described oncogenes that may promote cancer cell survival and proliferation, as well as less well characterized genes that could also contribute to neoplastic processes. Genes proposed to be "drivers" in 8p11.23 amplifications include ZNF703, FGFR1 and PLPP5. Additional genes in the locus that could be functionally important in neoplastic networks include co-chaperone BAG4, lysine methyltransferase NSD3, ASH2L, a member of another methyltransferase complex, MLL and the mRNA processing and translation regulators LSM1 and EIF4EBP1. In this paper, genes located in the amplified segment of 8p11.23 will be examined for their role in cancer and data arguing for their importance for cancers with the amplification will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guerini-Rocco E, Gray KP, Fumagalli C, Reforgiato MR, Leone I, Rafaniello Raviele P, Munzone E, Kammler R, Neven P, Hitre E, Jerusalem G, Simoncini E, Gombos A, Deleu I, Karlsson P, Aebi S, Chirgwin J, Di Lauro V, Thompson A, Graas MP, Barber M, Fontaine C, Loibl S, Gavilá J, Kuroi K, Müller B, O'Reilly S, Di Leo A, Goldhirsch A, Viale G, Barberis M, Regan MM, Colleoni M. Genomic Aberrations and Late Recurrence in Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor-positive Early Breast Cancer: Results from the SOLE Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:504-512. [PMID: 33082214 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancers have a persistent risk of relapse and biomarkers for late recurrence are needed. We sought to identify tumor genomic aberrations associated with increased late-recurrence risk. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a secondary analysis of Study of Letrozole Extension trial, a case-cohort-like sampling selected 598 primary breast cancers for targeted next-generation sequencing analysis of gene mutations and copy-number gains (CNGs). Correlations of genomic aberrations with clinicopathologic factors and breast and distant recurrence-free intervals (BCFIs and DRFIs) were analyzed using weighted Cox models. RESULTS Analysis of mutations and CNGs was successfully performed for 403 and 350 samples, including 148 and 134 patients with breast cancer recurrences (median follow-up time, 5.2 years), respectively. The most frequent alterations were PIK3CA mutations (42%) and CNGs of CCND1 (15%), ERBB2 (10%), FGFR1 (8%), and MYC (8%). PIK3CA mutations and MYC CNGs were associated with lower (P = 0.03) and higher (P = 0.004) tumor grade, respectively; a higher Ki-67 was seen in tumor with CCND1, ERBB2, and MYC CNGs (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, and P = 0.03, respectively). FGFR1 CNG was associated with an increased risk of late events in univariate analyses [17/29 patients; BCFI: HR, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48-6.92; P = 0.003 and DRFI: HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.61-7.75; P = 0.002) and in multivariable models adjusted for clinicopathologic factors. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer harboring FGFR1 CNG had an increased risk of late recurrence despite extended therapy. FGFR1 CNG may represent a useful prognostic biomarker for late recurrence and a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan and University of Milan, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Kathryn P Gray
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Frontier Science Foundation, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caterina Fumagalli
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rita Reforgiato
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Leone
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rafaniello Raviele
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Munzone
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Hitre
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy/Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Aebi
- Lucerne Cantonal Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacquie Chirgwin
- Box Hill and Maroondah Hospitals, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alastair Thompson
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Joaquín Gavilá
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katsumasa Kuroi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bettina Müller
- Chilean Cooperative Group for Oncologic Research (GOCCHI), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Aron Goldhirsch
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland and MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, International Breast Cancer Study Group Central Pathology Office and University of Milan, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Meredith M Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, and the International Breast Cancer Study Group, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jeong GY, Park MK, Choi HJ, An HW, Park YU, Choi HJ, Park J, Kim HY, Son T, Lee H, Min KW, Oh YH, Lee JY, Kong G. NSD3-Induced Methylation of H3K36 Activates NOTCH Signaling to Drive Breast Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 81:77-90. [PMID: 32967925 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferase NSD3 is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, yet the epigenetic role of NSD3 during cancer development remains elusive. Here we report that NSD3-induced methylation of H3K36 is crucial for breast tumor initiation and metastasis. In patients with breast cancer, elevated expression of NSD3 was associated with recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor survival. In vivo, NSD3 promoted malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells, a function comparable to that of HRAS. Furthermore, NSD3 expanded breast cancer-initiating cells and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition to trigger tumor invasion and metastasis. Mechanistically, the long isoform (full-length transcript) of NSD3, but not its shorter isoform lacking a catalytic domain, cooperated with EZH2 and RNA polymerase II to stimulate H3K36me2/3-dependent transactivation of genes associated with NOTCH receptor cleavage, leading to nuclear accumulation of NICD and NICD-mediated transcriptional repression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, mice harboring primary and metastatic breast tumors with overexpressed NSD3 showed sensitivity to NOTCH inhibition. Together, our findings uncover the critical epigenetic role of NSD3 in the modulation of NOTCH-dependent breast tumor progression, providing a rationale for targeting the NSD3-NOTCH signaling regulatory axis in aggressive breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the functional significance of histone methyltransferase NSD3 in epigenetic regulation of breast cancer stemness, EMT, and metastasis, suggesting NSD3 as an actionable therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joo Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Woon An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Un Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Yong Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bian Y, Li Q, Li Q, Pan R. Silencing of BRF2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1767-1774. [PMID: 32705258 PMCID: PMC7411291 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor II B (TFIIB)‑related factor 2 (BRF2) is involved in the development of cancer, but its role in lung cancer is underreported. The present study aimed to explore the role of BRF2 in the regulation of lung cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect BRF2 protein expression in human lung cancer cells and tissues. Following cell transfection with small interfering RNA for silencing BRF2, the cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and MTT assays. Cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by flow cytometry, wound‑healing and Transwell assay. The expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, Bax, E‑cadherin, Bcl‑2, N‑cadherin, Snail and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human lung cancer A549 cells were detected by western blotting. The results demonstrated that BRF2 expression was increased in human lung cancer cells and tissues, and that silencing of BRF2 promoted cell apoptosis but inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The protein expression levels of Akt, E‑cadherin, p‑Akt, Bcl‑2, N‑cadherin, Snail and EGFR in A549 cells were inhibited by silencing of BRF2, while expression levels of Bax and E‑cadherin were increased by silencing BRF2. In conclusion, BRF2 demonstrates high expression in lung cancer and silencing of BRF2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. The current findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Ruigen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou Z, Wu B, Tang X, Ke R, Zou Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Family Genes in Breast Cancer by Integrating Online Databases and Bioinformatics. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923517. [PMID: 32381997 PMCID: PMC7236589 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play vital roles in the development and progression of human cancers. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the prognostic performances of FGFR1-4 expression in breast cancer (BC) by mining databases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of FGFR1-4 expression in BC were analyzed by online databases, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) and UALCAN. Survival analysis of FGFR1-4 was carried out by Kaplan-Meier plotter. GSE74146 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by GEO2R to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FGFR2-silenced BC cells and control. Over-presentation for DEGs were done by Enrichr tool. Networks of DEGs were obtained by using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Hub genes were identified by cytoHubba Cytoscape plugin. RESULTS The online databases showed that FGFR1 was significantly downregulated whereas FGFR3 was upregulated in BC. Kaplan-Meier plotter demonstrated the upregulation of both FGFR1 and FGFR3 indicated favorable relapse free survival (RFS) whereas FGFR4 overexpression predicted unfavorable overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Importantly, our results showed FGFR2 overexpression robustly predicted favorable OS and RFS in BC. Further bioinformatics analysis of GSE74146 suggested FGFR2 mainly participated in regulating degradation and organization of the extracellular matrix and signaling of retinoic acid. Moreover, CXCL8, CD44, MMP9, and BMP7 were identified as crucial FGFR2-related hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study comprehensively analyzed the prognostic values of FGFR1-4 expression in BC and proposed FGFR2 might serve as a promising biomarker. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xinjie Tang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orhan C, Bakır B, Dalay N, Buyru N. ZNF703 is an important player in head and neck cancer. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44:1080-1086. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Orhan
- Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Burak Bakır
- Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nejat Dalay
- Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Department of Medical Biology Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rutkovsky AC, Yeh ES, Guest ST, Findlay VJ, Muise-Helmericks RC, Armeson K, Ethier SP. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein as an oncogene in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:491. [PMID: 31122207 PMCID: PMC6533768 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein (EIF4EBP1, 4EBP1) is overexpressed in many human cancers including breast cancer, yet the role of 4EBP1 in breast cancer remains understudied. Despite the known role of 4EBP1 as a negative regulator of cap-dependent protein translation, 4EBP1 is predicted to be an essential driving oncogene in many cancer cell lines in vitro, and can act as a driver of cancer cell proliferation. EIF4EBP1 is located within the 8p11-p12 genomic locus, which is frequently amplified in breast cancer and is known to predict poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of 4EBP1 targeting using shRNA knock-down of expression of 4EBP1, as well as response to the mTORC targeted drug everolimus in cell lines representing different breast cancer subtypes, including breast cancer cells with the 8p11-p12 amplicon, to better define a context and mechanism for oncogenic 4EBP1. RESULTS Using a genome-scale shRNA screen on the SUM panel of breast cancer cell lines, we found 4EBP1 to be a strong hit in the 8p11 amplified SUM-44 cells, which have amplification and overexpression of 4EBP1. We then found that knock-down of 4EBP1 resulted in dramatic reductions in cell proliferation in 8p11 amplified breast cancer cells as well as in other luminal breast cancer cell lines, but had little or no effect on the proliferation of immortalized but non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis of EIF4EBP1 expression in breast cancer patients demonstrated that overexpression of this gene was associated with reduced relapse free patient survival across all breast tumor subtypes. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with an oncogenic role of 4EBP1 in luminal breast cancer and suggests a role for this protein in cell proliferation distinct from its more well-known role as a regulator of cap-dependent translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C. Rutkovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 358, MSC 509, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Stephen T. Guest
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Victoria J. Findlay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Robin C. Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 601, MSC 508, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, USA
| | - Stephen P. Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu XY, Ma D, Xu XE, Jin X, Yu KD, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Genomic Landscape and Endocrine-Resistant Subgroup in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Progesterone Receptor-Negative, and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:6386-6399. [PMID: 30613307 PMCID: PMC6299689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (ER+PR-HER2-) breast cancer comprise a special type of breast cancer that constitutes ~10% of all breast cancer patients. ER+PR-HER2- tumor benefits less from endocrine therapy, while its genomic features remain elusive. In this study, we systematically assessed the multiomic landscape and endocrine responsiveness of ER+PR-HER2- breast cancer. Methods: This study incorporated five cohorts. The first and second cohorts were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (n=130,856) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n=1,055) for analyzing survival outcomes and endocrine responsiveness. The third cohort was from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=630) for multiomic analysis and endocrine-resistant subgroup exploration. The fourth cohort, from the MD Anderson database (n=92), was employed to assist gene selection. The fifth cohort was a prospective observational cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (n=245) that was utilized to validate the gene-defined subgroup by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Clinically, ER+PR-HER2- tumors showed lower endocrine responsiveness than did ER+PR+HER2- tumors. Genomically, copy number loss or promoter methylation of PR genes occurred in 75% of ER+PR-HER2- tumors, collectively explaining PR loss. ER+PR-HER2- tumors had higher TP53 (30.3% vs. 17.0%) and lower PIK3CA mutation rates (25.8% vs. 42.7%) and exhibited more ZNF703 (21.5% vs. 13.6%) and RPS6KB1 (18.5% vs. 7.8%) amplification events than ER+PR+HER2- tumors. Among ER+PR-HER2- tumors, nearly 20% were of the PAM50-defined non-luminal-like subgroup and manifested lower endocrine sensitivity scores and enriched biosynthesis, metabolism and DNA replication pathways. We further identified the non-luminal-like subgroup using three IHC markers, GATA3, CK5, and EGFR. These IHC-defined non-luminal-like (GATA3-negative, CK5-positive and/or EGFR-positive) tumors received limited benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. Conclusion: ER+PR-HER2- breast cancer consists of clinically and genomically distinct groups that may require different treatment strategies. The non-luminal-like subgroup was associated with reduced benefit from endocrine therapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hubert JN, Zerjal T, Hospital F. Cancer- and behavior-related genes are targeted by selection in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201838. [PMID: 30102725 PMCID: PMC6089428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) is an aggressive cancer notorious for its rare etiology and its impact on Tasmanian devil populations. Two regions underlying an evolutionary response to this cancer were recently identified using genomic time-series pre- and post-DTFD arrival. Here, we support that DFTD shaped the genome of the Tasmanian devil in an even more extensive way than previously reported. We detected 97 signatures of selection, including 148 protein coding genes having a human orthologue, linked to DFTD. Most candidate genes are associated with cancer progression, and an important subset of candidate genes has additional influence on social behavior. This confirms the influence of cancer on the ecology and evolution of the Tasmanian devil. Our work also demonstrates the possibility to detect highly polygenic footprints of short-term selection in very small populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Noël Hubert
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatiana Zerjal
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Hospital
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jastrzebski K, Thijssen B, Kluin RJC, de Lint K, Majewski IJ, Beijersbergen RL, Wessels LFA. Integrative Modeling Identifies Key Determinants of Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4396-4410. [PMID: 29844118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines differ greatly in their sensitivity to anticancer drugs as a result of different oncogenic drivers and drug resistance mechanisms operating in each cell line. Although many of these mechanisms have been discovered, it remains a challenge to understand how they interact to render an individual cell line sensitive or resistant to a particular drug. To better understand this variability, we profiled a panel of 30 breast cancer cell lines in the absence of drugs for their mutations, copy number aberrations, mRNA, protein expression and protein phosphorylation, and for response to seven different kinase inhibitors. We then constructed a knowledge-based, Bayesian computational model that integrates these data types and estimates the relative contribution of various drug sensitivity mechanisms. The resulting model of regulatory signaling explained the majority of the variability observed in drug response. The model also identified cell lines with an unexplained response, and for these we searched for novel explanatory factors. Among others, we found that 4E-BP1 protein expression, and not just the extent of phosphorylation, was a determinant of mTOR inhibitor sensitivity. We validated this finding experimentally and found that overexpression of 4E-BP1 in cell lines that normally possess low levels of this protein is sufficient to increase mTOR inhibitor sensitivity. Taken together, our work demonstrates that combining experimental characterization with integrative modeling can be used to systematically test and extend our understanding of the variability in anticancer drug response.Significance: By estimating how different oncogenic mutations and drug resistance mechanisms affect the response of cancer cells to kinase inhibitors, we can better understand and ultimately predict response to these anticancer drugs.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4396/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4396-410. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jastrzebski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Thijssen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof J C Kluin
- Genomic Sequencing Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas de Lint
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ian J Majewski
- Division of Cancer and Haematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parris TZ, Rönnerman EW, Engqvist H, Biermann J, Truvé K, Nemes S, Forssell-Aronsson E, Solinas G, Kovács A, Karlsson P, Helou K. Genome-wide multi-omics profiling of the 8p11-p12 amplicon in breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24140-24154. [PMID: 29844878 PMCID: PMC5963621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability contributes to the neoplastic phenotype by deregulating key cancer-related genes, which in turn can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome. DNA amplification of the 8p11-p12 genomic region has clinical and biological implications in multiple malignancies, including breast carcinoma where the amplicon has been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. However, oncogenes driving increased cancer-related death and recurrent genetic features associated with the 8p11-p12 amplicon remain to be identified. In this study, DNA copy number and transcriptome profiling data for 229 primary invasive breast carcinomas (corresponding to 185 patients) were evaluated in conjunction with clinicopathological features to identify putative oncogenes in 8p11-p12 amplified samples. Illumina paired-end whole transcriptome sequencing and whole-genome SNP genotyping were subsequently performed on 23 samples showing high-level regional 8p11-p12 amplification to characterize recurrent genetic variants (SNPs and indels), expressed gene fusions, gene expression profiles and allelic imbalances. We now show previously undescribed chromothripsis-like patterns spanning the 8p11-p12 genomic region and allele-specific DNA amplification events. In addition, recurrent amplification-specific genetic features were identified, including genetic variants in the HIST1H1E and UQCRHL genes and fusion transcripts containing MALAT1 non-coding RNA, which is known to be a prognostic indicator for breast cancer and stimulated by estrogen. In summary, these findings highlight novel candidate targets for improved treatment of 8p11-p12 amplified breast carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Werner Rönnerman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Engqvist
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jana Biermann
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Truvé
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Szilárd Nemes
- Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reinhardt F, Franken A, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Navigation through inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms in breast cancer: A potential role for Liquid Biopsies? Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317731511. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317731511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor positive due to the expression of the estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Endocrine therapy is a major treatment option for all disease stages of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and improves overall survival. However, endocrine therapy is limited by de novo and acquired resistance. Several factors have been proposed for endocrine therapy failures, which include molecular alterations in the estrogen receptor pathway, altered expression of cell-cycle regulators, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a consequence of tumor progression and selection pressure. It is essential to reveal and monitor intra- and intertumoral alterations in breast cancer to allow optimal therapy outcome. Endocrine therapy navigation by molecular profiling of tissue biopsies is the current gold standard but limited in many reasons. “Liquid biopsies” such as circulating-tumor cells and circulating-tumor DNA offer hope to fill that gap in allowing non-invasive serial assessment of biomarkers predicting success of endocrine therapy regimen. In this context, this review will provide an overview on inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms and discuss the potential role of “liquid biopsies” as navigators to personalize treatment methods and prevent endocrine treatment resistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liao X, Lu Y, Yang J, Kuang T, Jiang L, Wang Y, Kang H, Jiang B, Zhou X, He S. Transcription factor Sp1 is necessary and functional in regulating expression of oncogene ZNF703. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Luo J, Liu S, Leung S, Gru AA, Tao Y, Hoog J, Ho J, Davies SR, Allred DC, Salavaggione AL, Snider J, Mardis ER, Nielsen TO, Ellis MJ. An mRNA Gene Expression-Based Signature to Identify FGFR1-Amplified Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Tumors. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:147-161. [PMID: 27993329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification drives poor prognosis and is an emerging therapeutic target. We sought to construct a multigene mRNA expression signature to efficiently identify FGFR1-amplified estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors. Five independent breast tumor series were analyzed. Genes discriminative for FGFR1 amplification were screened transcriptome-wide by receiver operating characteristic analyses. The METABRIC series was leveraged to construct/evaluate four approaches to signature composition. A locked-down signature was validated with 651 ER+ formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (the University of British Columbia-tamoxifen cohort). A NanoString nCounter assay was designed to profile selected genes. For a gold standard, FGFR1 amplification was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Prognostic effects of FGFR1 amplification were assessed by survival analyses. Eight 8p11-12 genes (ASH2L, BAG4, BRF2, DDHD2, LSM1, PROSC, RAB11FIP1, and WHSC1L1) together with the a priori selected FGFR1 gene, highly discriminated FGFR1 amplification (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.82, all genes and all cohorts). The nine-gene signature Call-FGFR1-amp accurately identified FGFR1 FISH-amplified ER+ tumors in the University of British Columbia-tamoxifen cohort (specificity, 0.94; sensitivity, 0.96) and exhibited prognostic effects (disease-specific survival hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14-2.16; P = 0.005). Call-FGFR1-amp includes several understudied 8p11-12 amplicon-driven oncogenes and accurately identifies FGFR1-amplified ER+ breast tumors. Our study demonstrates an efficient approach to diagnosing rare amplified therapeutic targets with FISH as a confirmatory assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Surgery, the Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared Resource, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samuel Leung
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yu Tao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Surgery, the Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Shared Resource, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeremy Hoog
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie Ho
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherri R Davies
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - D Craig Allred
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrea L Salavaggione
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacqueline Snider
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang S, Ding Z. Fibroblast growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698370. [PMID: 28459213 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors are growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, exerting their roles in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and development of breast cancer. Recent genetic studies have identified some subtypes of fibroblast growth factor receptors as strong genetic loci associated with breast cancer. In this article, we review the recent epidemiological findings and experiment results of fibroblast growth factor receptors in breast cancer. First, we summarized the structure and physiological function of fibroblast growth factor receptors in humans. Then, we discussed the common genetic variations in fibroblast growth factor receptors that affect breast cancer risk. In addition, we also introduced the potential roles of each fibroblast growth factor receptors isoform in breast cancer. Finally, we explored the potential therapeutics targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors for breast cancer. Based on the biological mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptors leading to the pathogenesis in breast cancer, targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors may provide new opportunities for breast cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Luca A, Frezzetti D, Gallo M, Normanno N. FGFR-targeted therapeutics for the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:303-311. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Evolution of the NET (NocA, Nlz, Elbow, TLP-1) protein family in metazoans: insights from expression data and phylogenetic analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38383. [PMID: 27929068 PMCID: PMC5144077 DOI: 10.1038/srep38383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The NET (for NocA, Nlz, Elbow, TLP-1) protein family is a group of conserved zinc finger proteins linked to embryonic development and recently associated with breast cancer. The members of this family act as transcriptional repressors interacting with both class I histone deacetylases and Groucho/TLE co-repressors. In Drosophila, the NET family members Elbow and NocA are vital for the development of tracheae, eyes, wings and legs, whereas in vertebrates ZNF703 and ZNF503 are important for the development of the nervous system, eyes and limbs. Despite the relevance of this protein family in embryogenesis and cancer, many aspects of its origin and evolution remain unknown. Here, we show that NET family members are present and expressed in multiple metazoan lineages, from cnidarians to vertebrates. We identified several protein domains conserved in all metazoan species or in specific taxonomic groups. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the NET family emerged in the last common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians and that several rounds of independent events of gene duplication occurred throughout evolution. Overall, we provide novel data on the expression and evolutionary history of the NET family that can be relevant to understanding its biological role in both normal conditions and disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Subramanian S, Chaparala S, Avali V, Ganapathiraju MK. A pilot study on the prevalence of DNA palindromes in breast cancer genomes. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:73. [PMID: 28117658 PMCID: PMC5260791 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA palindromes are a unique pattern of repeat sequences that are present in the human genome. It consists of a sequence of nucleotides in which the second half is the complement of the first half but appearing in reverse order. These palindromic sequences may have a significant role in DNA replication, transcription and gene regulation processes. They occur frequently in human cancers by clustering at specific locations of the genome that undergo gene amplification and tumorigenesis. Moreover, some studies showed that palindromes are clustered in amplified regions of breast cancer genomes especially in chromosomes (chr) 8 and 11. With the large number of personal genomes and cancer genomes becoming available, it is now possible to study their association to diseases using computational methods. Here, we conducted a pilot study on chromosomes 8 and 11 of cancer genomes to identify computationally the differentially occurring palindromes. Methods We processed 69 breast cancer genomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas including serum-normal and tumor genomes, and 1000 Genomes to serve as control group. The Biological Language Modelling Toolkit (BLMT) computes palindromes in whole genomes. We developed a computational pipeline integrating BLMT to compute and compare prevalence of palindromes in personal genomes. Results We carried out a pilot study on chr 8 and chr 11 taking into account single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions. Of all the palindromes that showed any variation in cancer genomes, 38% of what were near breast cancer genes happened to be the most differentiated palindromes in tumor (i.e. they ranked among the top 25% by our heuristic measure). Conclusions These results will shed light on the prevalence of palindromes in oncogenes and the mutations that are present in the palindromic regions that could contribute to genomic rearrangements, and breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Subramanian
- Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Chaparala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Blvd, Suite 522, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Viji Avali
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Blvd, Suite 522, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Madhavi K Ganapathiraju
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Blvd, Suite 522, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA. .,Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baykara O, Dalay N, Kaynak K, Buyru N. ZNF703 Overexpression may act as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2873-2878. [PMID: 27650486 PMCID: PMC5083741 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, lung cancer remains one of the most common causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The ZNF703 gene has been identified as the driver of the 8p11‐12 region and its amplification or overexpression has been associated with several types of cancers. It has also been shown that ZNF703 overexpression can activate the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of the ZNF703 gene in association with Akt/mTOR activation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expression levels in tumors and matched noncancerous tissue samples from 47 patients were analyzed by qRT‐PCR and the Akt phosphorylation levels were investigated by Western blotting. Our results show that ZNF703 is up‐regulated in 63.4% of NSCLC tumor samples. Althogh the correlation did not reach a statistically significant level Akt phosphorylation was increased in tumor tissues expressing high levels of ZNF703. The role of the ZNF703 gene has not been investigated in NSCLC. Our data show that ZNF703 may contribute to tumor development in NSCLC by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Baykara
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nejat Dalay
- Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamil Kaynak
- Department of Chest Surgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lindsay AJ, McCaffrey MW. Rab coupling protein mediated endosomal recycling of N-cadherin influences cell motility. Oncotarget 2016; 8:104717-104732. [PMID: 29285208 PMCID: PMC5739595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab coupling protein (RCP) is a Rab GTPase effector that functions in endosomal recycling. The RCP gene is frequently amplified in breast cancer, leading to increased cancer aggressiveness. Furthermore, RCP enhances the motility of ovarian cancer cells by coordinating the recycling of α5β1 integrin and EGF receptor to the leading edge of migrating cells. Here we report that RCP also influences the motility of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Knockdown of RCP inhibits the motility of A549 cells in 2D and 3D migration assays, while its overexpression enhances migration in these assays. Depletion of RCP leads to a reduction in N-cadherin protein levels, which could be restored with lysosomal inhibitors. Trafficking assays revealed that RCP knockdown inhibits the return of endocytosed N-cadherin to the cell surface. We propose that RCP regulates the endosomal recycling of N-cadherin, and in its absence N-cadherin is diverted to the degradative pathway. The increased aggressiveness of tumour cells that overexpress RCP may be due to biased recycling of N-cadherin in metastatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lindsay
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary W McCaffrey
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang CY, Tseng JY, Chen CF, Chou TY, Gao HW, Hua CL, Lin CH, Lin JK, Jiang JK. Genome-wide copy number changes and CD133 expression characterized distinct subset of colon polyps: differentiation between incidental polyps and cancer-associated polyps. Int J Colorectal Dis 2015. [PMID: 26206347 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal polyps are generally believed to be the precursors of colorectal cancers (CRC); however, the proportion and speed of progression differed widely in different subsets of polyps. Using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) platform and CD133 immunostaining, we characterized colon polyps according to their association with CRC that developed in the same individual. PATIENTS AND METHODS aCGH was performed to unveil genomic changes in 18 cancer-synchronous polyps (CSP), and 9 cancer-preceding polyps (CPP), together with their corresponding cancers and 16 cases of incidental polyps (IP), were examined for comparison. aCGH profiles were analyzed to determine the clonal relationship (CR) between the paired adenoma and carcinoma. CD133 expressions in each subset of polyps were quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. RESULTS Progressive genomic changes were observed from IP, CSP/CPP to CRC; they encompass an entire chromosomal region in IP and sub-chromosomal region in CSP/CPP and CRC. CR analyses demonstrated that 50 % of CSP and 67 % of CPP were clonally related to the concurrent or later developed carcinomas, respectively. The CD133 expression levels were significantly higher in CSP/CPP than those in IP (P < 0.0001) and even higher in CSP/CPP that were clonally related to their corresponding carcinomas than CSP/CPP that were unrelated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were more genomic changes in CSP/CPP than IP; more than half of the CSP/CPP were clonally related to the corresponding carcinomas. Genomic changes at sub-chromosomal regions and/or high CD133 expression were associated with CSP/CPP and highlighted their carcinogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Yang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Tseng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hua
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Koo J, Cabarcas-Petroski S, Petrie JL, Diette N, White RJ, Schramm L. Induction of proto-oncogene BRF2 in breast cancer cells by the dietary soybean isoflavone daidzein. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:905. [PMID: 26573593 PMCID: PMC4647806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRF2 is a transcription factor required for synthesis of a small group of non-coding RNAs by RNA polymerase III. Overexpression of BRF2 can transform human mammary epithelial cells. In both breast and lung cancers, the BRF2 gene is amplified and overexpressed and may serve as an oncogenic driver. Furthermore, elevated BRF2 can be independently prognostic of unfavorable survival. Dietary soy isoflavones increase metastasis to lungs in a model of breast cancer and a recent study reported significantly increased cell proliferation in breast cancer patients who used soy supplementation. The soy isoflavone daidzein is a major food-derived phytoestrogen that is structurally similar to estrogen. The putative estrogenic effect of soy raises concern that high consumption of soy foods by breast cancer patients may increase tumor growth. METHODS Expression of BRF2 RNA and protein was assayed in ER-positive or -negative human breast cancer cells after exposure to daidzein. We also measured mRNA stability, promoter methylation and response to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. In addition, expression was compared between mice fed diets enriched or deprived of isoflavones. RESULTS We demonstrate that the soy isoflavone daidzein specifically stimulates expression of BRF2 in ER-positive breast cancer cells, as well as the related factor BRF1. Induction is accompanied by increased levels of non-coding RNAs that are regulated by BRF2 and BRF1. Daidzein treatment stabilizes BRF2 and BRF1 mRNAs and selectively decreases methylation of the BRF2 promoter. Functional significance of demethylation is supported by induction of BRF2 by the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine. None of these effects are observed in an ER-negative breast cancer line, when tested in parallel with ER-positive breast cancer cells. In vivo relevance is suggested by the significantly elevated levels of BRF2 mRNA detected in female mice fed a high-isoflavone commercial diet. In striking contrast, BRF2 and BRF1 mRNA levels are suppressed in matched male mice fed the same isoflavone-enriched diet. CONCLUSIONS The BRF2 gene that is implicated in cancer can be induced in human breast cancer cells by the isoflavone daidzein, through promoter demethylation and/or mRNA stabilization. Dietary isoflavones may also induce BRF2 in female mice, whereas the converse occurs in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koo
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | | | - John L Petrie
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicole Diette
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Robert J White
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Zhang X, Cai J, Zheng Z, Polin L, Lin Z, Dandekar A, Li L, Sun F, Finley RL, Fang D, Yang ZQ, Zhang K. A novel ER-microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, stabilizes Cyclin B1 and regulates cell cycle progression. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15024. [PMID: 27462423 PMCID: PMC4860859 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid raft-associated protein 2 (ERLIN2) is amplified in human breast cancers. ERLIN2 gene mutations were also found to be associated with human childhood progressive motor neuron diseases. Yet, an understanding of the physiological function and mechanism for ERLIN2 remains elusive. In this study, we reveal that ERLIN2 is a spatially and temporally regulated ER–microtubule-binding protein that has an important role in cell cycle progression by interacting with and stabilizing the mitosis-promoting factors. Whereas ERLIN2 is highly expressed in aggressive human breast cancers, during normal development ERLIN2 is expressed at the postnatal stage and becomes undetectable in adulthood. ERLIN2 interacts with the microtubule component α-tubulin, and this interaction is maximal during the cell cycle G2/M phase where ERLIN2 simultaneously interacts with the mitosis-promoting complex Cyclin B1/Cdk1. ERLIN2 facilitates K63-linked ubiquitination and stabilization of Cyclin B1 protein in G2/M phase. Downregulation of ERLIN2 results in cell cycle arrest, represses breast cancer proliferation and malignancy and increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to anticancer drugs. In summary, our study revealed a novel ER–microtubule-binding protein, ERLIN2, which interacts with and stabilizes mitosis-promoting factors to regulate cell cycle progression associated with human breast cancer malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juan Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lisa Polin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhenghong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Dandekar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell L Finley
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Regad T. Targeting RTK Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1758-84. [PMID: 26404379 PMCID: PMC4586793 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) that are activated upon ligand binding. In cancer, constitutive and aberrant activations of components of those pathways result in increased proliferation, survival and metastasis. For instance, mutations affecting RTKs, Ras, B-Raf, PI3K and AKT are common in perpetuating the malignancy of several types of cancers and from different tissue origins. Therefore, these signaling pathways became prime targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide an overview about the most frequently encountered mutations, the pathogenesis that results from such mutations and the known therapeutic strategies developed to counteract their aberrant functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Regad
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
KAT6A, a chromatin modifier from the 8p11-p12 amplicon is a candidate oncogene in luminal breast cancer. Neoplasia 2015; 16:644-55. [PMID: 25220592 PMCID: PMC4234874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome 8p11-p12 amplicon is present in 12% to 15% of breast cancers, resulting in an increase in copy number and expression of several chromatin modifiers in these tumors, including KAT6A. Previous analyses in SUM-52 breast cancer cells showed amplification and overexpression of KAT6A, and subsequent RNAi screening identified KAT6A as a potential driving oncogene. KAT6A is a histone acetyltransferase previously identified as a fusion partner with CREB binding protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Knockdown of KAT6A in SUM-52 cells, a luminal breast cancer cell line harboring the amplicon, resulted in reduced growth rate compared to non-silencing controls and profound loss of clonogenic capacity both in mono-layer and in soft agar. The normal cell line MCF10A, however, did not exhibit slower growth with knockdown of KAT6A. SUM-52 cells with KAT6A knockdown formed fewer mammospheres in culture compared to controls, suggesting a possible role for KAT6A in self-renewal. Previous data from our laboratory identified FGFR2 as a driving oncogene in SUM-52 cells. The colony forming efficiency of SUM-52 KAT6A knockdown cells in the presence of FGFR inhibition was significantly reduced compared to cells with KAT6A knockdown only. These data suggest that KAT6A may be a novel oncogene in breast cancers bearing the 8p11-p12 amplicon. While there are other putative oncogenes in the amplicon, the identification of KAT6A as a driving oncogene suggests that chromatin-modifying enzymes are a key class of oncogenes in these cancers, and play an important role in the selection of this amplicon in luminal B breast cancers.
Collapse
|
39
|
Springer S, Yi KH, Park J, Rajpurohit A, Price AJ, Lauring J. Engineering targeted chromosomal amplifications in human breast epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 152:313-21. [PMID: 26099605 PMCID: PMC4491111 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal amplifications are among the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers. However, experimental systems to study the processes that lead to specific, recurrent amplification events in human cancers are lacking. Moreover, some common amplifications, such as that at 8p11-12 in breast cancer, harbor multiple driver oncogenes, which are poorly modeled by conventional overexpression approaches. We sought to develop an experimental system to model recurrent chromosomal amplification events in human cell lines. Our strategy is to use homologous-recombination-mediated gene targeting to deliver a dominantly selectable, amplifiable marker to a specified chromosomal location. We used adeno-associated virus vectors to target human MCF-7 breast cancer cells at the ZNF703 locus, in the recurrent 8p11-12 amplicon, using the E. coli inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) enzyme as a marker. We applied selective pressure using IMPDH inhibitors. Surviving clones were found to have increased copy number of ZNF703 (average 2.5-fold increase) by droplet digital PCR and FISH. Genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization confirmed that amplifications had occurred on the short arm of chromosome 8, without changes on 8q or other chromosomes. Patterns of amplification were variable and similar to those seen in primary human breast cancers, including “sawtooth” patterns, distal copy number loss, and large continuous regions of copy number gain. This system will allow study of the cis- and trans-acting factors that are permissive for chromosomal amplification and provide a model to analyze oncogene cooperativity in amplifications harboring multiple candidate driver genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Springer
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, CRB 1 Room 146, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Elevated ZNF703 Protein Expression Is an Independent Unfavorable Prognostic Factor for Survival of the Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:640263. [PMID: 26063961 PMCID: PMC4429199 DOI: 10.1155/2015/640263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) show that the ZNF703 gene amplifies and overexpresses in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, the clinical relevance of this observation in HNSCC is unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the expression of ZNF703 protein and its prognostic effect on HNSCC. METHODS Two hundred ten HNSCC patients from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center with complete survival follow-up were included in this study. Tumor samples from primary sites were collected. The expression of the ZNF703 protein was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The high expression of ZNF703 in HNSCC tumor tissues was significantly higher than that of the matched noncancerous tissues (48.6% versus 11.6%, P < 0.001). ZNF703 overexpression was correlated with tumor position (laryngeal carcinoma) and recurrence (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that ZNF703 protein overexpression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.022, hazard ratio = 1.635, 95% CI 1.073-2.493) in HNSCC patients. CONCLUSION ZNF703 overexpression is associated with adverse prognosis in HNSCC, which might be a novel biomarker of HNSCC.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rationale for targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:1-8. [PMID: 25677745 PMCID: PMC4344551 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is involved in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Given its role in the activation of critical signaling pathways, aberrant FGFR signaling has been implicated in multiple cancer types. A comprehensive search of PubMed and congress abstracts was conducted to identify reports on FGFR pathway components in breast cancer. In breast cancers, FGFR1 and FGFR4 gene amplification and single nucleotide polymorphisms in FGFR2 and FGFR4 have been detected. Commonly, these FGFR aberrations and gene amplifications lead to increased FGFR signaling and have been linked with poor prognosis and resistance to breast cancer treatments. Here, we review the role of FGFR signaling and the impact of FGFR genetic amplifications/aberrations on breast tumors. In addition, we summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical data on FGFR-targeted therapies in breast cancer. Finally, we highlight the ongoing clinical trials of the FGFR-targeted agents dovitinib, AZD4547, lucitanib, BGJ398, and JNJ-42756493, which are selected for patients with FGFR pathway-amplified breast cancer. Aberrant FGFR pathway amplification may drive some breast cancers. Inhibition of FGFR signaling is being explored in the clinic, and data from these trials may refine our ability to select patients who would best respond to these treatments.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shah MA, Denton EL, Arrowsmith CH, Lupien M, Schapira M. A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2014; 7:29. [PMID: 25484917 PMCID: PMC4258301 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The notion that epigenetic mechanisms may be central to cancer initiation and progression is supported by recent next-generation sequencing efforts revealing that genes involved in chromatin-mediated signaling are recurrently mutated in cancer patients. Results Here, we analyze mutational and transcriptional profiles from TCGA and the ICGC across a collection 441 chromatin factors and histones. Chromatin factors essential for rapid replication are frequently overexpressed, and those that maintain genome stability frequently mutated. We identify novel mutation hotspots such as K36M in histone H3.1, and uncover a general trend in which transcriptional profiles and somatic mutations in tumor samples favor increased transcriptionally repressive histone methylation, and defective chromatin remodeling. Conclusions This unbiased approach confirms previously published data, uncovers novel cancer-associated aberrations targeting epigenetic mechanisms, and justifies continued monitoring of chromatin-related alterations as a class, as more cancer types and distinct cancer stages are represented in cancer genomics data repositories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-8935-7-29) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Shah
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7 ON Canada
| | - Emily L Denton
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7 ON Canada ; Courant Institute, New York University, 12th floor, 715 Broadway, New York, 10003 USA
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7 ON Canada ; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9 ON Canada
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 2M9 ON Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G 1L7 ON Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qi J, Huo L, Zhu YT, Zhu YJ. Absent, small or homeotic 2-like protein (ASH2L) enhances the transcription of the estrogen receptor α gene through GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31373-81. [PMID: 25258321 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ASH2L is a component of MLL complexes that confer H3K4 trimethylation. The ASH2L gene is located at 8q11-12, which is often amplified in breast cancers. We found that increased ASH2L expression, which can result from gene amplification, is often correlated with increased ERα expression in both breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancers. Forced expression of ASH2L induced ERα expression in mammary epithelial cells, whereas depletion of ASH2L suppressed ERα expression in breast cancer cells. To understand the mechanism by which ASH2L regulates ERα expression, we identified GATA3 as the binding protein of ASH2L. ASH2L was shown to potentiate the transcriptional activity of GATA3. ASH2L was recruited to the enhancer of the ERα gene through GATA3 to promote ERα transcription. This study established that ASH2L enhances ERα expression as a coactivator of GATA3 in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- From the Maternal and Child Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Huo
- the Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Yiwei Tony Zhu
- the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yi-Jun Zhu
- the Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tiong KH, Mah LY, Leong CO. Functional roles of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) signaling in human cancers. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1447-68. [PMID: 23900974 PMCID: PMC3825415 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) regulate important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation during development and tissue repair. Over the past decades, numerous pathological conditions and developmental syndromes have emerged as a consequence of deregulation in the FGFRs signaling network. This review aims to provide an overview of FGFR family, their complex signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, and the current development and application of therapeutics targeting the FGFRs signaling for treatment of refractory human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
MA FENG, BI LIHONG, YANG GONGLI, ZHANG MENGNAN, LIU CUIPING, ZHAO YINGYING, WANG YADONG, WANG JIDE, BAI YANG, ZHANG YALI. ZNF703 promotes tumor cell proliferation and invasion and predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1071-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
46
|
French CA, Rahman S, Walsh EM, Kühnle S, Grayson AR, Lemieux ME, Grunfeld N, Rubin BP, Antonescu CR, Zhang S, Venkatramani R, Dal Cin P, Howley PM. NSD3-NUT fusion oncoprotein in NUT midline carcinoma: implications for a novel oncogenic mechanism. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:928-41. [PMID: 24875858 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an aggressive subtype of squamous cell carcinoma that typically harbors BRD4/3-NUT fusion oncoproteins that block differentiation and maintain tumor growth. In 20% of cases, NUT is fused to uncharacterized non-BRD gene(s). We established a new patient-derived NMC cell line (1221) and demonstrated that it harbors a novel NSD3-NUT fusion oncogene. We find that NSD3-NUT is both necessary and sufficient for the blockade of differentiation and maintenance of proliferation in NMC cells. NSD3-NUT binds to BRD4, and BRD bromodomain inhibitors induce differentiation and arrest proliferation of 1221 cells. We find further that NSD3 is required for the blockade of differentiation in BRD4-NUT-expressing NMCs. These findings identify NSD3 as a novel critical oncogenic component and potential therapeutic target in NMC. SIGNIFICANCE The existence of a family of fusion oncogenes in squamous cell carcinoma is unprecedented, and should lead to key insights into aberrant differentiation in NMC and possibly other squamous cell carcinomas. The involvement of the NSD3 methyltransferase as a component of the NUT fusion protein oncogenic complex identifies a new potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaila Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica M Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Simone Kühnle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Noam Grunfeld
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital
| | - Peter M Howley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dienstmann R, Rodon J, Prat A, Perez-Garcia J, Adamo B, Felip E, Cortes J, Iafrate AJ, Nuciforo P, Tabernero J. Genomic aberrations in the FGFR pathway: opportunities for targeted therapies in solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:552-563. [PMID: 24265351 PMCID: PMC4433501 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) cascade plays crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that in some tumor types, FGFRs are bona fide oncogenes to which cancer cells are addicted. Because FGFR inhibition can reduce proliferation and induce cell death in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tumor models harboring FGFR aberrations, a growing number of research groups have selected FGFRs as targets for anticancer drug development. Multikinase FGFR/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors have shown promising activity in breast cancer patients with FGFR1 and/or FGF3 amplification. Early clinical trials with selective FGFR inhibitors, which may overcome the toxicity constraints raised by multitarget kinase inhibition, are recruiting patients with known FGFR(1-4) status based on genomic screens. Preliminary signs of antitumor activity have been demonstrated in some tumor types, including squamous cell lung carcinomas. Rational combination of targeted therapies is expected to further increase the efficacy of selective FGFR inhibitors. Herein, we discuss unsolved questions in the clinical development of these agents and suggest guidelines for management of hyperphosphatemia, a class-specific mechanism-based toxicity. In addition, we propose standardized definitions for FGFR1 and FGFR2 gene amplification based on in situ hybridization methods. Extended access to next-generation sequencing platforms will facilitate the identification of diseases in which somatic FGFR(1-4) mutations, amplifications and fusions are potentially driving cancer cell viability, further strengthening the role of FGFR signaling in cancer biology and providing more possibilities for the therapeutic application of FGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 3/genetics
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Dienstmann
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - A Prat
- Medical Oncology Department; Translational Genomics Lab
| | | | | | | | | | - A J Iafrate
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
| | - P Nuciforo
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mahmood SF, Gruel N, Nicolle R, Chapeaublanc E, Delattre O, Radvanyi F, Bernard-Pierrot I. PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 are common drivers of the 8p11-12 amplicon, not only in breast tumors but also in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and lung tumors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1634-1644. [PMID: 24051013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of the 8p11-12 chromosomal region is a common genetic event in many epithelial cancers. In breast cancer, several genes within this region have been shown to display oncogenic activity. Among these genes, the enzyme-encoding genes, PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1, have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. We investigated whether PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 acted as general driver genes, thereby serving as therapeutic targets in other tumors with 8p11-12 amplification. By using publicly available genomic data from a panel of 883 cell lines derived from different cancers, we identified the cell lines presenting amplification of both WHSC1L1 and PPAPDC1B. In particular, we focused on cell lines derived from lung cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma and found a correlation between the amplification of PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 with their overexpression. Loss-of-function studies based on the use of siRNA and shRNA demonstrated that PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 played a major role in regulating the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and small-cell lung cancer-derived cell lines, both in anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent conditions, displaying amplification and overexpression of these genes. We also demonstrated that PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 regulated xenograft growth in these cell lines. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR experiments after PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 knockdown revealed exclusive PPAPDC1B and WHSC1L1 gene targets in small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines compared with breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Phosphatidate Phosphatase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sardar F Mahmood
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Gruel
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Nicolle
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Research Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brady N, Chuntova P, Bade LK, Schwertfeger KL. The FGF/FGFR axis as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:391-402. [PMID: 25400686 PMCID: PMC4228698 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2013.811910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is a vital component of both embryonic and postnatal mammary gland development, which has prompted researchers to investigate both its relevance to breast cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. Deregulated FGFR signaling during breast cancer occurs through various mechanisms, including amplification of the receptor genes, aberrant ligand expression, receptor mutations and translocations. Recent experimental outcomes involving both animal models and human breast cancer cell lines have led to the initiation of multiple early clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of small molecule FGFR inhibitors. In this article we review both the most recent discoveries and the need for further investigation of the mechanisms through which FGF/FGFR signaling has emerged as an oncogenic driver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Brady
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Polly Chuntova
- Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lindsey K Bade
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, MMC 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Aparicio LA, Abella V, Valladares M, Figueroa A. Posttranscriptional regulation by RNA-binding proteins during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4463-77. [PMID: 23715860 PMCID: PMC3827902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the crucial steps for carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity, results from the disruption of cell–cell contacts and the acquisition of a motile mesenchymal phenotype. Although the transcriptional events controlling EMT have been extensively studied, in recent years, several posttranscriptional mechanisms have emerged as critical in the regulation of EMT during tumor progression. In this review, we highlight the regulation of posttranscriptional events in EMT by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs are responsible for controlling pre-mRNA splicing, capping, and polyadenylation, as well as mRNA export, turnover, localization, and translation. We discuss the most relevant aspects of RBPs controlling the metabolism of EMT-related mRNAs, and describe the implication of novel posttranscriptional mechanisms regulating EMT in response to different signaling pathways. Novel insight into posttranscriptional regulation of EMT by RBPs is uncovering new therapeutic targets in cancer invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Aparicio
- Servizo de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|