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Yu S, Ma Z, Chen T, Wang H, Yao Q, Li J, Cheng J. ETV5 facilitates tumor progression in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2004-2017. [PMID: 37649213 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E26 transformation-specific (ETS) factors have emerged as key mediators underlying human tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to characterize the expression pattern, biological roles, and clinical significance of ETS Variant Transcription Factor 5 (ETV5) in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS ETV5 expression pattern in HNSCC was determined by bioinformatics interrogations and immunohistochemical staining in primary samples. The associations between its abundance with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival were evaluated. Colony formation, CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays, as well as xenograft models, were utilized to determine the phenotypic changes after ETV5 silencing in vitro and vivo. The potential binding of ETV5 in the Slug promoter was determined by ChIP-qPCR. RESULTS ETV5 was significantly overexpressed in HNSCC samples. Its overexpression is significantly associated with aggressiveness features and reduced survival. ETV5 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro, and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, ETV5-activated Slug transcription by binding its promoter region in HNSCC cells. Patients with ETV5highSlughigh had the worst survival across multiple HNSCC cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that ETV5 serves as a novel prognostic biomarker and putative oncogene for HNSCC progression likely by activating Slug transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongjun Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Xue F, An C, Chen L, Liu G, Ren F, Guo X, Sun H, Mei L, Sun X, Li J, Tang Y, An X, Zheng P. 4.1B suppresses cancer cell proliferation by binding to EGFR P13 region of intracellular juxtamembrane segment. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:115. [PMID: 31492173 PMCID: PMC6731589 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) has high incidence and mortality worldwide. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate gastric carcinogenesis are largely undefined. 4.1B is an adaptor protein found at the interface of membrane and the cytoskeleton. Previous studies demonstrated that 4.1B serves as tumor suppressor. RESULTS We showed that 4.1B expression was decreased or lost in most GC patients. The expression pattern of it was tightly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and overall survival (OS). We further showed that 4.1B inhibited the proliferation of two GC cell lines, MGC-803 and MKN-45, by impeding the EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. A similar phenotype was also observed in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) derived from wild type (WT) and 4.1B knock-out (BKO) mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Co-IP showed that protein 4.1B bound to EGFR. Furthermore, the FERM domain of 4.1B interacted with EGFR through the initial 13 amino acids (P13) of the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) segment of EGFR. The binding of 4.1B to EGFR inhibited dimerization and autophosphorylation of EGFR. CONCLUSION Our present work revealed that 4.1B plays important regulatory roles in the proliferation of GC cells by binding to EGFR and inhibiting EGFR function through an EGFR/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chao An
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Public Health, Zibo Integrate traditional Chinese & Western Medicine Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Red Cell Physiology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lu Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Key Laboratory of H. pylori and Gastrointestinal Microecology of Henan Province, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Decreased expression levels of DAL-1 and TOB1 are associated with clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152403. [PMID: 30962003 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that the functional inactivation of DAL-1 and TOB1 promotes an aggressive phenotype in gastric cancer cells, but the links between both genes and the survival of patients with gastric cancer are unknown. Here, we investigated the correlations of the expression levels of DAL-1 and TOB1 with the progression of gastric cancer. METHODS A total of 270 patients who underwent resectable gastrectomy were included. The expression of DAL-1 and TOB1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Low expression of DAL-1 in cancer tissue was significantly associated with tumor site (p < 0.05), histological grade (p < 0.01), depth of invasion (p < 0.05), lymph node metastasis status (p < 0.05), Lauren classification (p < 0.001), and clinical stage (p < 0.01). A lower level of TOB1 was observed in gastric cancer patients with diffuse type disease compared to patients with either intestinal or mixed type disease (p < 0.001). Additionally, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that decreased expression of DAL-1 was positively correlated with low TOB1 expression (r=0.304, p < 0.001). The survival analysis showed that low levels of DAL-1 and TOB1 were significantly associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients (p <0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION The downregulation of DAL-1 and TOB1 expression is associated with shorter survival of gastric cancer patients. Hence, DAL-1 and TOB1 may be considered potential novel markers for predicting the outcomes of patients with gastric cancer.
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Zeng R, Liu Y, Jiang ZJ, Huang JP, Wang Y, Li XF, Xiong WB, Wu XC, Zhang JR, Wang QE, Zheng YF. EPB41L3 is a potential tumor suppressor gene and prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1443-1454. [PMID: 29568917 PMCID: PMC5873871 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been reports about the role of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3 (EPB41L3) in several types of cancer, primarily in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, the molecular function and modulatory mechanisms of EPB41L3 remain unclear. In specific, the functional and clinical significance of EPB41L3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been explored to date. In the present study, reduced EPB41L3 expression was demonstrated in ESCC cell lines and tissues, which was due to its high methylation rate. Ectopic expression of EPB41L3 in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In addition, EPB41L3 overexpression induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest by activating Caspase-3/8/9 and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B1 signaling, respectively. Notably, patients with higher EPB41L3 expression had markedly higher overall survival rates compared with patients with lower EPB41L3 expression. In summary, the present results suggest that EPB41L3 may be a tumor suppressor gene in ESCC development, representing a potential therapeutic target and a prognostic indicator for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zeng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Jing Jiang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Feng Li
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Bin Xiong
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Cong Wu
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ren Zhang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiobiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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Huang SC, Zhou A, Nguyen DT, Zhang HS, Benz EJ. Protein 4.1R Influences Myogenin Protein Stability and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25591-25607. [PMID: 27780863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.761296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1R (4.1R) isoforms are expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. 4.1R is a component of the contractile apparatus. It is also associated with dystrophin at the sarcolemma in skeletal myofibers. However, the expression and function of 4.1R during myogenesis have not been characterized. We now report that 4.1R expression increases during C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Depletion of 4.1R impairs skeletal muscle differentiation and is accompanied by a decrease in the levels of myosin heavy and light chains and caveolin-3. Furthermore, the expression of myogenin at the protein, but not mRNA, level is drastically decreased in 4.1R knockdown myocytes. Similar results were obtained using MyoD-induced differentiation of 4.1R-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein is known to destabilize myogenin via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We show that 4.1R associates with VHL and, when overexpressed, reverses myogenin ubiquitination and stability. This suggests that 4.1R may influence myogenesis by preventing VHL-mediated myogenin degradation. Together, our results define a novel biological function for 4.1R in muscle differentiation and provide a molecular mechanism by which 4.1R promotes myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, .,the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Anyu Zhou
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dan T Nguyen
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Henry S Zhang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Edward J Benz
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and.,the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Sun S, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhu M, Ouyang R, Ma B, Ye M, An X, Liu J. Knockout of 4.1B triggers malignant transformation in SV40T-immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:538-549. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
| | - Yayue Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Shuming Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ji Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Min Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Disease Research Institute; Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Bianyin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University; Changsha China
| | - Xiuli An
- College of Life Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology; New York Blood Center; New York New York
| | - Jing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences; Central South University; Changsha China
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7
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Chen X, Guan X, Zhang H, Xie X, Wang H, Long J, Cai T, Li S, Liu Z, Zhang Y. DAL-1 attenuates epithelial-to mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:3. [PMID: 25609022 PMCID: PMC4307741 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) involves in metastasis, causing loss of epithelial polarity. Metastasis is the major cause of carcinoma-induced death, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we identify differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (DAL-1), a protein belongs to the membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein 4.1 family, as an efficient suppressor of EMT in lung cancer. METHODS The relationship between DAL-1 and EMT markers were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry in the clinical lung cancer tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to characterize the expression of the EMT indicator mRNAs and proteins in DAL-1 overexpressed or knockdown cells. DAL-1 combined proteins were assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS DAL-1 levels were strongly reduced even lost in lymph node metastasis and advanced pathological stage of human lung carcinomas. Overexpression of DAL-1 altered the expression of numerous EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin Vimentin and N-cadherin expression, meanwhile changed the morphological shape of lung cancer cells, and whereas silencing DAL-1 had an opposite effect. DAL-1 directly combined with E-cadherin promoter and regulated its expression that could be the reason for impairing EMT and decreasing cell migration and invasion. Strikingly, HSPA5 was found as DAL-1 direct binding protein. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tumor suppressor DAL-1 could also attenuate EMT and be important for tumor metastasis in the early transformation process in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfeng West Road, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye M, Zhu M, Zhang B, Roy M, Liu J, An X. Tumor suppressor role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4815-30. [PMID: 25183197 PMCID: PMC11113756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is a membrane skeletal protein that belongs to the protein 4.1 family. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is localized to sites of cell-cell contact and functions as an adapter protein, linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton or associated cytoplasmic signaling effectors and facilitating their activities in various pathways. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in various cytoskeleton-associated processes, such as cell motility and adhesion. Moreover, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 also plays a regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation, and the establishment of epithelial-like cell structures. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is normally expressed in multiple human tissues, but loss of its expression or prominent down-regulation of its expression is frequently observed in corresponding tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, suggesting that protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and acts as a potential tumor suppressor. This review will focus on the structure of protein 4.1B/DAL-1, 4.1B/DAL-1-interacting molecules, 4.1B/DAL-1 inactivation and tumor progression, and anti-tumor activity of the 4.1B/DAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Min Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065 USA
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Zhang J, Yang S, An C, Wang J, Yan H, Huang Y, Song J, Yin C, Baines AJ, Mohandas N, An X. Comprehensive characterization of protein 4.1 expression in epithelium of large intestine. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:529-39. [PMID: 24912669 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protein 4.1 family consists of four members, 4.1R, 4.1N, 4.1B and 4.1G, each encoded by a distinct gene. All 4.1 mRNAs undergo extensive alternative splicing. Functionally, they usually serve as adapters that link actin-based cytoskeleton to plasma membrane proteins. It has been reported that 4.1 proteins are expressed in most animal cell types and tissues including epithelial cells and epithelial tissues. However, the expression of 4.1 proteins in large intestine has not been well characterized. In the present study, we performed RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis to characterize the transcripts, the protein expression and cellular localization of 4.1 proteins in the epithelia of mouse large intestine. We show that multiple transcripts derive from each gene, including eight 4.1R isoforms, four 4.1N isoforms, four 4.1B isoforms and six 4.1G isoforms. However, at the protein level, only one or two major bands were detected, implying that not all transcripts are translated and/or the proteins do not accumulate at detectable levels. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 4.1R, 4.1N and 4.1B are all expressed at the lateral membrane as well as cytoplasm of epithelial cells, suggesting a potentially redundant role of these proteins. Our findings not only provide new insights into the structure of protein 4.1 genes but also lay the foundation for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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10
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Baines AJ, Lu HC, Bennett PM. The Protein 4.1 family: hub proteins in animals for organizing membrane proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1838:605-19. [PMID: 23747363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the 4.1 family are characteristic of eumetazoan organisms. Invertebrates contain single 4.1 genes and the Drosophila model suggests that 4.1 is essential for animal life. Vertebrates have four paralogues, known as 4.1R, 4.1N, 4.1G and 4.1B, which are additionally duplicated in the ray-finned fish. Protein 4.1R was the first to be discovered: it is a major mammalian erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein, essential to the mechanochemical properties of red cell membranes because it promotes the interaction between spectrin and actin in the membrane cytoskeleton. 4.1R also binds certain phospholipids and is required for the stable cell surface accumulation of a number of erythrocyte transmembrane proteins that span multiple functional classes; these include cell adhesion molecules, transporters and a chemokine receptor. The vertebrate 4.1 proteins are expressed in most tissues, and they are required for the correct cell surface accumulation of a very wide variety of membrane proteins including G-Protein coupled receptors, voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels, as well as the classes identified in erythrocytes. Indeed, such large numbers of protein interactions have been mapped for mammalian 4.1 proteins, most especially 4.1R, that it appears that they can act as hubs for membrane protein organization. The range of critical interactions of 4.1 proteins is reflected in disease relationships that include hereditary anaemias, tumour suppression, control of heartbeat and nervous system function. The 4.1 proteins are defined by their domain structure: apart from the spectrin/actin-binding domain they have FERM and FERM-adjacent domains and a unique C-terminal domain. Both the FERM and C-terminal domains can bind transmembrane proteins, thus they have the potential to be cross-linkers for membrane proteins. The activity of the FERM domain is subject to multiple modes of regulation via binding of regulatory ligands, phosphorylation of the FERM associated domain and differential mRNA splicing. Finally, the spectrum of interactions of the 4.1 proteins overlaps with that of another membrane-cytoskeleton linker, ankyrin. Both ankyrin and 4.1 link to the actin cytoskeleton via spectrin, and we hypothesize that differential regulation of 4.1 proteins and ankyrins allows highly selective control of cell surface protein accumulation and, hence, function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK
| | - Pauline M Bennett
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, UK.
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Abstract
This article will review the neuropathology of meningiomas. From the neurosurgeon's point of view, accurate neuropathological diagnosis will play an increasingly important role in clinical practice. Predicting an individual patient's prognosis will become ever more important with the advent of various new radiotherapeutic/radiosurgical modalities. Defining the optimal treatment for nonbenign meningiomas requires a robust and reproducible diagnosis. This review will therefore not only describe classical radiological and histopathological diagnosis, but will also focus on the emerging field of molecular neuropathology. Implementing these advances in our daily clinical routine holds the promise of improving diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institut für Neuropathologie der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Systems genetics implicates cytoskeletal genes in oocyte control of cloned embryo quality. Genetics 2013; 193:877-96. [PMID: 23307892 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.148866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer is an important technology, but remains limited due to poor rates of success. Identifying genes supporting clone development would enhance our understanding of basic embryology, improve applications of the technology, support greater understanding of establishing pluripotent stem cells, and provide new insight into clinically important determinants of oocyte quality. For the first time, a systems genetics approach was taken to discover genes contributing to the ability of an oocyte to support early cloned embryo development. This identified a primary locus on mouse chromosome 17 and potential loci on chromosomes 1 and 4. A combination of oocyte transcriptome profiling data, expression correlation analysis, and functional and network analyses yielded a short list of likely candidate genes in two categories. The major category-including two genes with the strongest genetic associations with the traits (Epb4.1l3 and Dlgap1)-encodes proteins associated with the subcortical cytoskeleton and other cytoskeletal elements such as the spindle. The second category encodes chromatin and transcription regulators (Runx1t1, Smchd1, and Chd7). Smchd1 promotes X chromosome inactivation, whereas Chd7 regulates expression of pluripotency genes. Runx1t1 has not been associated with these processes, but acts as a transcriptional repressor. The finding that cytoskeleton-associated proteins may be key determinants of early clone development highlights potential roles for cytoplasmic components of the oocyte in supporting nuclear reprogramming. The transcriptional regulators identified may contribute to the overall process as downstream effectors.
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Dickinson PJ, Surace EI, Cambell M, Higgins RJ, Leutenegger CM, Bollen AW, Lecouteur RA, Gutmann DH. Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Genes NF2, 4.1B, and TSLC1 in Canine Meningiomas. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:884-92. [PMID: 19429976 DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0251-d-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are common primary brain tumors in dogs; however, little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in their tumorigenesis. Several tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in meningioma pathogenesis in humans, including the neurofibromatosis 2 ( NF2), protein 4.1B ( 4.1 B), and tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 ( TSLC1) genes. We investigated the expression of these tumor suppressor genes in a series of spontaneous canine meningiomas using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ( NF2; n = 25) and western blotting (NF2/merlin, 4.1B, TSLC1; n = 30). Decreased expression of 4.1B and TSLC1 expression on western blotting was seen in 6/30 (20%) and in 15/30 (50%) tumors, respectively, with 18/30 (60%) of meningiomas having decreased or absent expression of one or both proteins. NF2 gene expression assessed by western blotting and RT-PCR varied considerably between individual tumors. Complete loss of NF2 protein on western blotting was not seen, unlike 4.1B and TSLC1. Incidence of TSLC1 abnormalities was similar to that seen in human meningiomas, while perturbation of NF2 and 4.1B appeared to be less common than reported for human tumors. No association was observed between tumor grade, subtype, or location and tumor suppressor gene expression based on western blot or RT-PCR. These results suggest that loss of these tumor suppressor genes is a frequent occurrence in canine meningiomas and may be an early event in tumorigenesis in some cases. In addition, it is likely that other, as yet unidentified, genes play an important role in canine meningioma formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Dickinson
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - E. I. Surace
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - M. Cambell
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - R. J. Higgins
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - C. M. Leutenegger
- Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - A. W. Bollen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - R. A. Lecouteur
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - D. H. Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Ohno N, Terada N, Komada M, Saitoh S, Costantini F, Pace V, Germann PG, Weber K, Yamakawa H, Ohara O, Ohno S. Dispensable role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1 in rodent adrenal medulla regarding generation of pheochromocytoma and plasmalemmal localization of TSLC1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:506-15. [PMID: 19321127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B is a membrane skeletal protein expressed in various organs, and is associated with tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1 (TSLC1) in vitro. Although involvement of 4.1B in the intercellular junctions and tumor-suppression was suggested, some controversial results posed questions to the general tumor-suppressive function of 4.1B and its relation to TSLC1 in vivo. In this study, the expression of 4.1B and its interaction with TSLC1 were examined in rodent adrenal gland, and the involvement of 4.1B in tumorigenesis and the effect of 4.1B deficiency on TSLC1 distribution were also investigated using rodent pheochromocytoma and 4.1B-knockout mice. Although plasmalemmal immunolocalization of 4.1B was shown in chromaffin cells of rodent adrenal medulla, expression of 4.1B was maintained in developed pheochromocytoma, and morphological abnormality or pheochromocytoma generation could not be found in 4.1B-deficient mice. Furthermore, molecular interaction and colocalization of 4.1B and TSLC1 were observed in mouse adrenal gland, but the immunolocalization of TSLC1 along chromaffin cell membranes was not affected in the 4.1B-deficient mice. These results suggest that the function of 4.1B as tumor suppressor might significantly differ among organs and species, and that plasmalemmal retention of TSLC1 would be maintained by molecules other than 4.1B interacting in rodent chromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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15
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Bernkopf DB, Williams ED. Potential role of EPB41L3 (protein 4.1B/Dal-1) as a target for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:845-53. [PMID: 18554153 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.7.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3; aliases: protein 4.1B, differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (Dal-1)) expression has been implicated in tumor progression. OBJECTIVE To evaluate literature describing the role of EPB41L3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and to consider whether targeting this gene would be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS A literature review of studies describing EPB41L3 and its aliases was conducted. Online databases (NCBI, SwissProt) were also interrogated to collect further data. RESULTS/CONCLUSION A growing body of evidence supports a role for loss of EPB41L3 in tumor progression, including in prostate cancer. Therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed to upregulate EPB41L3 gene expression in prostate cancer cells are currently being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic B Bernkopf
- Monash University, Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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Haase D, Meister M, Muley T, Hess J, Teurich S, Schnabel P, Hartenstein B, Angel P. FRMD3, a novel putative tumour suppressor in NSCLC. Oncogene 2007; 26:4464-8. [PMID: 17260017 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents a leading cause of cancer death in Western countries. Yet, understanding its pathobiology to improve early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies is still a major challenge of today's biomedical research. We analyzed a set of differentially regulated genes that were identified in skin cancer by a comprehensive microarray study, for their expression in NSCLC. We found that ferm domain containing protein 3 (FRMD3), a member of the protein 4.1 superfamily, is expressed in normal lung tissue but silenced in 54 out of 58 independent primary NSCLC tumours compared to patient-matched normal lung tissue. FRMD3 overexpression in different epithelial cell lines resulted in a decreased clonogenicity as measured by colony formation assay. Although cell attachment capabilities and cell proliferation rate remained unchanged, this phenotype was most likely owing to induced apoptosis. Our data identify FRMD3 as a novel putative tumour suppressor gene suggesting an important role in the origin and progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haase
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Gerber MA, Bahr SM, Gutmann DH. Protein 4.1B/differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 functions as a growth suppressor in meningioma cells by activating Rac1-dependent c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase signaling. Cancer Res 2006; 66:5295-303. [PMID: 16707455 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the second most common brain tumor in adults, yet comparatively little is presently known about the dysregulated growth control pathways involved in their formation and progression. One of the most frequently observed genetic changes in benign meningioma involves loss of protein 4.1B expression. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that protein 4.1B growth suppression in meningioma is associated with the activation of the c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) pathway and requires localization of a small unique region (U2 domain) of protein 4.1B to the plasma membrane. To define the relationship between protein 4.1B expression and JNK activation, as well as to determine the mechanism of JNK activation by protein 4.1B, we used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic approaches. In this report, we show that protein 4.1B/differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (DAL-1) expression in meningioma cells in vitro results in JNK activation, which requires the sequential activation of Src, Rac1, and JNK. In addition, inhibition of Rac1 or JNK activation abrogates protein 4.1B/DAL-1 growth suppression and cyclin A regulation. Last, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 regulation of this critical growth control pathway in meningioma cells requires the presence of the U2 domain. Collectively, these observations provide the first mechanistic insights into the function of protein 4.1B as a growth regulator in meningioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gerber
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Yi C, McCarty JH, Troutman SA, Eckman MS, Bronson RT, Kissil JL. Loss of the putative tumor suppressor band 4.1B/Dal1 gene is dispensable for normal development and does not predispose to cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:10052-9. [PMID: 16260618 PMCID: PMC1280276 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.22.10052-10059.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The band 4.1 proteins are cytoskeletal proteins, harboring a conserved FERM domain highly homologous to the N-terminal FERM domain of ezrin, radixin, moesin, and merlin. Recently, a truncated form of the 4.1B protein, termed Dal-1, was identified in a screen as down regulated in adenocarcinoma of the lung and was mapped to chromosome 18p11.3, which is lost in 38% of primary non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors. Analysis of several meningiomas has shown that Dal-1 expression was lost in 76% of the tumors. To further elucidate the function of the 4.1B/Dal-1 gene in development and tumorigenesis we generated mice deficient for this allele. The 4.1B/Dal-1 null mice develop normally and are fertile. Rates of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in brain, mammary, and lung tissues from the 4.1B/Dal-1 null mice were indistinguishable from those seen with wild-type mice. Aging studies indicate that these mice do not have a propensity to develop tumors. Analysis of fibroblasts from these mice demonstrated that the growth characteristics and kinetics of these cells were not different from those of cells from the wild-type mice. These findings indicate that the 4.1B gene is not required for normal development and that 4.1B/Dal-1 does not function as a tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Yi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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