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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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Kwon YJ, Kwon TU, Shin S, Lee B, Lee H, Park H, Kim D, Moon A, Chun YJ. Enhancing the invasive traits of breast cancers by CYP1B1 via regulation of p53 to promote uPAR expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166868. [PMID: 37661069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes estrogen metabolism to produce metabolites that promote the progression of breast cancer. Since the invasive properties of cancer cells cause cancer relapse, which dramatically reduces patient survival, we investigated the new pro-invasive mechanism involving CYP1B1 in breast cancer. Exploring clinical data from invasive breast cancer patients revealed that CYP1B1 exhibits a potential correlation with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Interestingly, uPAR mRNA expression was elevated in invasive breast cancer patients carrying TP53 genes with driver mutations, and our results showed that CYP1B1 activates the uPAR pathway following regulation of p53 according to its mutant status. CYP1B1 suppressed wild-type (WT) p53 whereas it induced the oncogenic gain-of-function mutant p53R280K, not only via transcriptional regulation but also the protein stabilization and activation following phosphorylation on Ser15 residue of p53R280K. Intriguingly, results from CYP1B1 polymorphic gene study and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) treatment showed that CYP1B1 regulates p53s and uPAR through its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, effects of DMBA and TMS on uPAR expression disappeared in HCT116p53-/- cells, indicating that p53 is critical for uPAR induction by CYP1B1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CYP1B1 may reduce the relapse-free survival rate of breast cancer patients by inducing invasive traits in cancer cells via p53 regulation based on the mutation status of TP53 genes and further activation of the uPAR pathway. The elucidation of the previously unknown molecular mechanism of CYP1B1 may provide evidence for the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies that target the progression of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Park
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Hamshaw I, Cominetti MMD, Lai WY, Searcey M, Mueller A. The development of potent, competitive CXCR4 antagonists for the prevention of cancer metastasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115921. [PMID: 37956893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the cause of up to 90 % of cancer related mortality. The CXCR4 receptor and its cognate ligand, CXCL12, have major roles in enabling cancer metastasis and consequently, the CXCR4 receptor has become an attractive therapeutic target for the prevention of metastasis. Despite this, CXCR4 antagonists have had limited success in clinical trials due to cellular toxicity and poor stability and efficacy. In this study, we developed a novel, competitive CXCR4 antagonist (IS4) that through copper-catalysed-azide-alkyne-cycloaddition can be clicked to other chemical moieties such as fluorescent dyes (IS4-FAM) for CXCR4-based imaging. We determined that these CXCR4 antagonists were non-toxic and could be used to specifically label the CXCR4 receptor. Furthermore, IS4 and IS4-FAM inhibited CXCL12-stimulated cancer cell migration and Ca2+ release in both adherent and suspension cell lines with similar or improved potency as compared to two literature CXCR4 antagonists. Our results highlight the potential of IS4 and IS4-FAM as research tools and as potent CXCR4 antagonists for the prevention of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hamshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Wing-Yee Lai
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anja Mueller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Babu D, Chintal R, Panigrahi M, Phanithi PB. Distinct expression and function of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 in mutant P53 glioblastoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1451-1465. [PMID: 36284039 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of astrocytic tumors with the worst prognosis in all its progressive forms. Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a metastasis suppressor gene that controls malignancy in multiple tumors. As yet, however, its clinical and functional significance in mutant P53 GBM remains inconclusive. Here, we attempted to study the importance of BRMS1 in mutant P53 GBM. METHODS BRMS1 expression was evaluated in 74 human astrocytoma tissues by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. BRMS1 expression in the astrocytoma tissues was correlated with clinicopathological parameters, the P53 mutation status and BRMS1 downstream targets, and compared with TCGA and NCI-60 datasets. siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRMS1 was performed in selected GBM cell lines to evaluate the functional role of BRMS1. RESULTS Our study revealed an enhanced expression of BRMS1 in GBM which was associated with a poor patient survival, and this observation was corroborated by the TCGA dataset. We also found a positive correlation between BRMS1 expression and a mutant P53 status in GBM which was associated with a poor prognosis. In vitro BRMS1 silencing reduced the growth of mutant P53 GBM cells and repressed their colonization and migration/invasion by modulating EGFR-AKT/NF-κB signaling. Transcriptional profiling revealed a positive and negative correlation of uPA and ING4 expression with BRMS1 expression, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data indicate upregulation of BRMS1 in high grade astrocytomas which correlates positively with mutant P53 and a poor patient survival. Silencing of BRMS1 in mutant P53 GBM cell lines resulted in a reduced cellular growth and migration/invasion by suppressing the EGFR-AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway. BRMS1 may serve as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in mutant P53 GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Babu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India
| | - Ramulu Chintal
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India
| | - Manas Panigrahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, 500 003, Secunderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Room No: F-23/F-71, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500 046, India.
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Zhang WS, Zhang R, Ge Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Qin X, Kan J, Liu Y. S100a16 deficiency prevents hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting CXCR4 expression. Metabolism 2022; 135:155271. [PMID: 35914619 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis caused by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. To date, there has been no effective intervention means for this process. S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate whether S100A16 induces HSCs activation and participates in liver fibrosis progression. METHODS HSCs were isolated, and the relationship between S100A16 expression and HSCs activation was studied. S100a16 knockdown and transgenic mice were generated and subjected to HSCs activation and liver fibrosis stimulated by different models. Clinical samples were collected for further confirmation. Alterations in gene expression in HSCs were investigated, using transcriptome sequencing to determine the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We observed increased S100A16 levels during HSCs activation. Genetic silencing of S100a16 prevented HSCs activation in vitro. Furthermore, S100a16 silencing exhibited obvious protective effects against HSCs activation and fibrosis progression in mice. In contrast, S100a16 transgenic mice exhibited spontaneous liver fibrosis. S100A16 was also upregulated in the HSCs of patients with fibrotic liver diseases. RNA sequencing revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (Cxcr4) gene was a crucial regulator of S100A16 induction during HSCs activation. Mechanistically, S100A16 bound to P53 to induce its degradation; this augmented CXCR4 expression to activate ERK 1/2 and AKT signaling, which then promoted HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that S100a16 deficiency prevents liver fibrosis by inhibiting Cxcr4 expression. Targeting S100A16 may provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yaoqi Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qin
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingbao Kan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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p53: From Fundamental Biology to Clinical Applications in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091325. [PMID: 36138802 PMCID: PMC9495382 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary p53 tumour suppressor gene is the most altered in cancer. Several decades of research have established that it is of pivotal importance in prompting neoplastic phenomena, including cancer initiation and progression. However, it has crucial functions for cellular life. Knowledge and awareness about these multifaceted properties should be part of the cultural background of all scientists. In this review, we describe and discuss the multifaceted roles of p53, from its discovery to clinical applications in cancer therapy. Abstract p53 tumour suppressor gene is our major barrier against neoplastic transformation. It is involved in many cellular functions, including cell cycle arrest, senescence, DNA repair, apoptosis, autophagy, cell metabolism, ferroptosis, immune system regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, global regulation of gene expression, miRNAs, etc. Its crucial importance is denounced by the high percentage of amino acid sequence identity between very different species (Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, Danio rerio, Canis lupus familiaris, Gekko japonicus). Many of its activities allowed life on Earth (e.g., repair from radiation-induced DNA damage) and directly contribute to its tumour suppressor function. In this review, we provide paramount information on p53, from its discovery, which is an interesting paradigm of science evolution, to potential clinical applications in anti-cancer treatment. The description of the fundamental biology of p53 is enriched by specific information on the structure and function of the protein as well by tumour/host evolutionistic perspectives of its role.
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Nengroo MA, Khan MA, Verma A, Datta D. Demystifying the CXCR4 conundrum in cancer biology: Beyond the surface signaling paradigm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188790. [PMID: 36058380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic chemokine duo CXCR4-CXCL12/SDF-1 (C-X-C Receptor 4-C-X-C Ligand 12/ Stromal-derived factor 1) has been the topic of intense scientific disquisitions since Muller et al., in her ground-breaking research, described this axis as a critical determinant of organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer. Elevated CXCR4 levels correlate with distant metastases, poor prognosis, and unfavourable outcomes in most solid tumors. Therapeutic impediment of the axis in clinics with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved inhibitors like AMD3100 or Plerixafor yield dubious results, contrary to pre-clinical developments. Clinical trials entailing inhibition of CXCR7 (C-X-C Receptor 7), another convicted chemokine receptor that exhibits affinity for CXCL12, reveal outcomes analogous to that of CXCR4-CXCL12 axis blockade. Of note, the cellular CXCR4 knockout phenotype varies largely from that of inhibitor treatments. These shaky findings pique great curiosity to delve further into the realm of this infamous chemokine receptor to provide a probable explanation. A multitude of recent reports suggests the presence of an increased intracellular CXCR4 pool in various cancers, both cytoplasmic and nuclear. This intracellular CXCR4 protein reserve seems active as it correlates with vital tumor attributes, viz. prognosis, aggressiveness, metastasis, and disease-free survival. Diminishing this entire intracellular CXCR4 load apart from the surface signals looks encouraging from a therapeutic point of view. Transcending beyond the classically accepted concept of ligand-mediated surface signaling, this review sheds new light on plausible associations of intracellularly compartmentalised CXCR4 with various aspects of tumorigenesis. Besides, this review also puts forward a comprehensive account of CXCR4 regulation in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Nengroo
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Muqtada Ali Khan
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Ayushi Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Nagashima T, Ninomiya T, Nakamura Y, Nishimura S, Ohashi A, Aoki J, Mizoguchi T, Tonogi M, Takahashi T. p53 deficiency promotes bone regeneration by functional regulation of mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:434-447. [PMID: 35195777 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detailed mechanism of the process during bone healing of drill-hole injury has been elucidated, but a crucial factor in regulating drill-hole healing has not been identified. The transcription factor p53 suppresses osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of osterix expression. In present study, we demonstrate the effects of p53 deficiency on the capacity of MSCs and osteoblasts during drill-hole healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts were collected from bone marrow and calvaria of p53 knockout (KO) mice, respectively. The activities of cell mobility, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and wound healing of MSCs and/or osteoblasts were determined by in vitro experiments. In addition, bone healing of drill-hole injury in KO mice was examined by micro-CT and immunohistological analysis using anti-osterix, Runx2, and sclerostin antibodies. RESULTS KO MSCs stimulated cell mobility, cell proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. Likewise, KO osteoblasts enhanced cell proliferation and wound healing. KO MSCs and osteoblasts showed high potency in the inflammation and callus formation phases compared to those from wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, increased expression of osterix and Runx2 was observed in KO MSCs and osteoblasts that migrated in the drill-hole. Conversely, sclerostin expression was inhibited in KO mice. Eventually, KO mice exhibited high repairability of drill-hole injury, suggesting a novel role of p53 in MSCs and osteoblasts in improving bone healing. CONCLUSION p53 Deficiency promotes bone healing of drill-hole injury by enhancing the bone-regenerative ability of MSCs and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Nagashima
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ninomiya
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Shirabe Nishimura
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Junya Aoki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Morio Tonogi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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TCRP1 activated by mutant p53 promotes NSCLC proliferation via inhibiting FOXO3a. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35459265 PMCID: PMC9033812 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our lab explored that tongue cancer resistance-associated protein (TCRP1) plays a central role in cancer chemo-resistance and progression. Absolutely, TCRP1 was significantly increased in lung cancer. But the mechanism is far from elucidated. Here, we found that TCRP1 was increased in p53-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing to that in NSCLC with wild type p53. Further study showed that mutant p53 couldn't bind to the promoter of TCRP1 to inhibit its expression. While the wild type p53 did so. Next, loss-and gain-of-function assays demonstrated that TCRP1 promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in NSCLC. Regarding the mechanism, TCRP1 encouraged AKT phosphorylation and blocked FOXO3a nuclear localization through favoring FOXO3a ubiquitination in cytoplasm, thus, promoted cell cycle progression. Conclusionly, TCRP1 was upregulated in NSCLC cells with mutant p53. TCRP1 promoted NSCLC progression via regulating cell cycle.
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Prometastatic CXCR4 and Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 Are Upregulated in SMARCB1/INI1-Deficient and TP53-Mutated Poorly Differentiated Chordoma. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp3020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chordoma is a rare tumor most commonly arising in the sacrococcygeal region from notochord remnants. Usually, these tumors are locally invasive and recurrent, and they have a 5–43% ability to metastasize. A newly-described aggressive variant called poorly differentiated chordoma is different from conventional chordoma in that it does not have the well-differentiated histologic appearance of conventional chordoma and also exhibits the loss of SMARCB1/INI1. Herein, we describe a case of poorly differentiated chordoma with SMARCB1/INI1 loss, a concurrent TP53 mutation, and Rb1 loss. Methods: The patient is a middle-aged man with a history of previously resected sacrococcygeal chordoma, who was found to have new hepatic, lung, and adrenal lesions. Results: Biopsy of the liver lesion showed sheets of malignant epithelioid cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, areas of necrosis, and up to five mitoses in one high-power field. No physaliferous cytologic features or matrix material was seen. After reviewing an extensive panel of immunohistochemical markers, the origin of the metastatic tumor could not be determined; the tumor was only positive for Cam5.2, EMA, and CD56. Brachyury was performed due to the patient’s previous history and was positive. Genomic testing showed a SMARCB1 mutation, TP53 mutation, and RB1 loss. Additional markers were performed, and the tumor showed a Ki-67 proliferation index of approximately 80%, mutant p53 protein, loss of INI1, and strong expression of both the histone methyl transferase EZH2 and the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Conclusions: Poorly differentiated chordoma is a highly aggressive variant of chordoma with few cases reported. This case of SMARCB1/INI-deficient, poorly differentiated chordoma also showed a concurrent TP53 mutation and loss of RB1, which resulted in malignant transformation with upregulation of both prometastatic CXCR4 and the histone methyltransferase EZH2, causing aggressive behavior and metastasis.
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Mehraj U, Mushtaq U, Mir MA, Saleem A, Macha MA, Lone MN, Hamid A, Zargar MA, Ahmad SM, Wani NA. Chemokines in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: New Challenges for Clinical Implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:769-783. [PMID: 35278636 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and one of the primary causes of resistance to therapies. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which accounts for 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and is the most aggressive subtype, is very diverse, connected to metastatic potential and response to therapy. It is a very diverse disease at the molecular, pathologic, and clinical levels. TNBC is substantially more likely to recur and has a worse overall survival rate following diagnosis than other breast cancer subtypes. Chemokines, low molecular weight proteins that stimulate chemotaxis, have been shown to control the cues responsible for TNBC heterogeneity. In this review, we have focused on tumor heterogeneity and the role of chemokines in modulating tumor heterogeneity, since this is the most critical issue in treating TNBC. Additionally, we examined numerous cues mediated by chemokine networks that contribute to the heterogeneity of TNBC. Recent developments in our knowledge of the chemokine networks that regulate TNBC heterogeneity may pave the door for developing difficult-to-treat TNBC treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Umer Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal J & K, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Mohammed A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, India
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
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12
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Li Q, Wang M, Zeng L, Guo W, Xu Y, Li C, Lai Y, Ye L, Peng X. Deletion of Wild-type p53 Facilitates Bone Metastatic Function by Blocking the AIP4 Mediated Ligand-Induced Degradation of CXCR4. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:792293. [PMID: 35177982 PMCID: PMC8844016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Management of patients with prostate cancer and bone metastatic disease remains a major clinical challenge. Loss or mutation of p53 has been identified to be involved in the tumor progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, direct evidence of a specific role for wild-type p53 (wt-p53) in bone metastasis and the mechanism by which this function is mediated in prostate cancer remain obscure. Methods: The expression and protein levels of wt-53, AIP4, and CXCR4 in prostate cancer cells and clinical specimens were assessed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The role of wt-p53 in suppressing aggressive and metastatic tumor phenotypes was assessed using in vitro transwell chemotaxis, wound healing, and competitive colocalization assays. Furthermore, whether p53 deletion facilitates prostate cancer bone-metastatic capacity was explored using an in vivo bone-metastatic model. The mechanistic model of wt-p53 in regulating gene expression was further explored by a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: Our findings revealed that wt-p53 suppressed the prostate cancer cell migration rate, chemotaxis and attachment toward the osteoblasts in vitro. The bone-metastatic model showed that deletion of wt-p53 remarkably increased prostate cancer bone-metastatic capacity in vivo. Mechanistically, wt-p53 could induce the ligand-induced degradation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by transcriptionally upregulating the expression of ubiquitin ligase AIP4. Treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 or transduction of the AIP4 plasmid abrogated the pro-bone metastasis effects of TP53 deletion. Conclusion: Wt-p53 suppresses the metastasis of prostate cancer cells to bones by regulating the CXCR4/CXCL12 activity in the tumor cells/bone marrow microenvironment interactions. Our findings suggest that targeting the wt-p53/AIP4/CXCR4 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuandong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenxin Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingrong Lai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Xu L, Xie X, Li X, Duan W, Qiu L, Liu H, Luo Y. Inflammatory level under different p53 mutation status and the regulation role of curcumin in tumor microenvironment. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152177. [PMID: 35030341 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation is tightly associated with tumor development, promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. And mutant p53 is speculated to promote inflammation and tumorigenesis. The tumor associated macrophages are usually educated to present the anti-inflammatory profile to tune down antitumor immunity. However, the impact of p53 mutants on macrophages is not clear. Here, we compared the basal inflammatory level and macrophage profiles in tumor cells and tumor samples with different p53 mutations. Data revealed that a lower inflammatory level was maintained in immune organs and tumor cells with p53 point mutations than those with p53 null mutation. Using the tumor cell-derived conditional media to culture macrophages, we found that the media from cells with p53 mutations, especially the point mutations, could decrease M1 markers and inhibit phagocytosis, suggesting the p53 mutation promoted M2 profile polarization. To target the p53 mutation induced M2 macrophage polarization, we applied low-concentration curcumin to the tumor cells with different p53 mutations. The data showed that curcumin could inhibit STAT3 signal and decrease PPARγ and CSF1 in tumor cells and tumor samples. In vitro, the co-culture assays showed that the curcumin treatment shifted p53 mutation educated macrophages back towards M1 profile. In vivo, the curcumin-treated MEFs showed obvious tumor inhibition, and the tumor samples displayed inhibited M2 markers. Results suggested that curcumin could inhibit p53 mutation educated macrophage induction and suppress M2-promoted tumorigenesis. Our study illustrated the inflammatory level under different p53 status and the inflammatory regulated role of curcumin in tumor environment. This study might provide a potential method in tumor personalized treatment aiming immune therapy in different p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xinbo Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Wenfang Duan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ying Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory & Drug Development on Common Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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14
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Song S, Liu S, Wei Z, Jin X, Mao D, He Y, Li B, Zhang C. Identification of an Immune-Related Long Noncoding RNA Pairs Model to Predict Survival and Immune Features in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726716. [PMID: 34621744 PMCID: PMC8491937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most malignant tumors around the world, and an accurate model that reliably predicts survival and therapeutic efficacy is urgently needed. As a novel predictor for prognosis in a variety of cancers, immune-related long noncoding RNA pairs (IRlncRNAPs) have been reported to predict tumor prognosis. Herein, we integrated an IRlncRNAPs model to predict the clinical outcome, immune features, and chemotherapeutic efficacy of GC. Methods: Based on the GC data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort), differentially expressed immune-related long noncoding RNAs (DEIRlncRNAs) were identified. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression analysis were used to select the most appropriate overall survival (OS)-related IRlncRNAPs to develop a prognostic signature. The riskScore of each sample was calculated by comparing the long noncoding RNA expression level in each IRlncRNAP. Based on the riskScore for each patient, GC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Then, the correlation of the signature and riskScore with OS, clinical features, immune cell infiltration, immune-related gene (IRG) expression and chemotherapeutic efficacy in GC was analyzed. Results: A total of 107 DEIRlncRNAs were identified which formed 4297 IRlncRNAPs. Fifteen OS-related IRlncRNAPs were selected to develop a prognostic model. GC patients could be accurately classified into high- and low-risk groups according to the riskScore of the prognostic model. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the riskScore were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) values were found to be 0.788, 0.810, 0.825, and 0.868, respectively, demonstrating a high sensitivity and accuracy of this prognostic signature. Moreover, the immune-related riskScore was an independent risk factor. Patients showed a poorer outcome within the high-risk group. In addition, the riskScore was found to be significantly correlated with the clinical features, immune infiltration status, IRG expression, and chemotherapeutic efficacy in GC. Conclusion: The prognostic model of IRlncRNAPs offers great promise in predicting the prognosis, immune infiltration status, and chemotherapeutic efficacy in GC, which might be helpful for the selection of chemo- and immuno-therapy of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Song
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhewei Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghan Jin
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deli Mao
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Broxmeyer HE. All in for nuclear PFKP-induced CXCR4 metastasis: a T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognostic marker. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151295. [PMID: 34396983 DOI: 10.1172/jci151295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) is expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where its upregulation is linked with cancer progression. While PFK1 functions in the glycolysis pathway within the cytoplasm, it is also present in the nucleus where it regulates gene transcription. In this issue of the JCI, Xueliang Gao, Shenghui Qin, et al. focus their mechanism-based investigation on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling aspect of the PFK1 platelet isoform, PFKP. Functional nuclear export and localization sequences stimulated CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression to promote T-ALL invasion that involved cyclin D3/CDK6, c-Myc, and importin-9. Since the presence of nuclear PFKP is associated with poor survival in T-ALL, nuclear PFKP-induced CXCR4 expression might serve as a prognostic marker for T-ALL. More promising, though, are the mechanistic insights suggesting that approaches to dampening metastatic migration may have application to benefit patients with T-ALL.
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16
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Gao X, Qin S, Wu Y, Chu C, Jiang B, Johnson RH, Kuang D, Zhang J, Wang X, Mehta A, Tew KD, Leone GW, Yu XZ, Wang H. Nuclear PFKP promotes CXCR4-dependent infiltration by T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143119. [PMID: 34255748 DOI: 10.1172/jci143119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PFKP (phosphofructokinase, platelet), the major isoform of PFK1 expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm to carry out its glycolytic function. Our study showed that PFKP is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein with functional nuclear export and nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). Cyclin D3/CDK6 facilitated PFKP nuclear translocation by dimerization and by exposing the NLS of PFKP to induce the interaction between PFKP and importin 9. Nuclear PFKP stimulated the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor regulating leukemia homing/infiltration, to promote T-ALL cell invasion, which depended on the activity of c-Myc. In vivo experiments showed that nuclear PFKP promoted leukemia homing/infiltration into the bone marrow, spleen, and liver, which could be blocked with CXCR4 antagonists. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from a clinically well-annotated cohort of T cell lymphoma/leukemia patients showed nuclear PFKP localization in invasive cancers, but not in nonmalignant T lymph node or reactive hyperplasia. The presence of nuclear PFKP in these specimens correlated with poor survival in patients with T cell malignancy, suggesting the potential utility of nuclear PFKP as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
| | - Roger H Johnson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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17
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Abstract
The importance of cancer-cell-autonomous functions of the tumour suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) has been established in many studies, but it is now clear that the p53 status of the cancer cell also has a profound impact on the immune response. Loss or mutation of p53 in cancers can affect the recruitment and activity of myeloid and T cells, allowing immune evasion and promoting cancer progression. p53 can also function in immune cells, resulting in various outcomes that can impede or support tumour development. Understanding the role of p53 in tumour and immune cells will help in the development of therapeutic approaches that can harness the differential p53 status of cancers compared with most normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael D Buck
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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18
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Cordani M, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Masetto F, Mullappilly N, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53-Associated Molecular Mechanisms of ROS Regulation in Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030361. [PMID: 32111081 PMCID: PMC7175157 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently altered gene in tumors and an increasing number of studies highlight that mutant p53 proteins can acquire oncogenic properties, referred to as gain-of-function (GOF). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles as intracellular messengers, regulating numerous signaling pathways linked to metabolism and cell growth. Tumor cells frequently display higher ROS levels compared to healthy cells as a result of their increased metabolism as well as serving as an oncogenic agent because of its damaging and mutational properties. Several studies reported that in contrast with the wild type protein, mutant p53 isoforms fail to exert antioxidant activities and rather increase intracellular ROS, driving a pro-tumorigenic survival. These pro-oxidant oncogenic abilities of GOF mutant p53 include signaling and metabolic rewiring, as well as the modulation of critical ROS-related transcription factors and antioxidant systems, which lead ROS unbalance linked to tumor progression. The studies summarized here highlight that GOF mutant p53 isoforms might constitute major targets for selective therapeutic intervention against several types of tumors and that ROS enhancement driven by mutant p53 might represent an “Achilles heel” of cancer cells, suggesting pro-oxidant drugs as a therapeutic approach for cancer patients bearing the mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027281; Fax: +39-045-8027170
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19
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, de la Cruz-López KG, Becerril-Rico J, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Ortiz-Sánchez E, García-Carrancá A. Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function: Role in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607670. [PMID: 33644030 PMCID: PMC7905058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent p53 mutations (mutp53) not only abolish tumor suppressor capacities but confer various gain-of-function (GOF) activities that impacts molecules and pathways now regarded as central for tumor development and progression. Although the complete impact of GOF is still far from being fully understood, the effects on proliferation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion, among others, certainly constitute major driving forces for human tumors harboring them. In this review we discuss major molecular mechanisms driven by mutp53 GOF. We present novel mechanistic insights on their effects over key functional molecules and processes involved in cancer. We analyze new mechanistic insights impacting processes such as immune system evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness. In particular, the increased lipogenic activity through the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the alteration of metabolic homeostasis due to interactions between mutp53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that impact anabolic pathways and favor metabolic reprograming. We address, in detail, the impact of mutp53 over metabolic reprogramming and the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells as a consequence, not only of loss-of-function of p53, but rather as an effect of GOF that is crucial for the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, transcriptional activation of new targets, resulting from interaction of mutp53 with NF-kB, HIF-1α, or SREBP1, are presented and discussed. Finally, we discuss perspectives for targeting molecules and pathways involved in chemo-resistance of tumor cells resulting from mutp53 GOF. We discuss and stress the fact that the status of p53 currently constitutes one of the most relevant criteria to understand the role of autophagy as a survival mechanism in cancer, and propose new therapeutic approaches that could promote the reduction of GOF effects exercised by mutp53 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared Becerril-Rico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus and Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alejandro García-Carrancá
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20
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Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:91-115. [PMID: 31747563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules called "chemotactic cytokines" and regulate many processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, physiology, migration during development, and host immune responses. These proteins bind to their corresponding 7-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are anti-inflammatory factors in autoimmune conditions, so consider as potential targets for neutralization in such diseases. They also express by cancer cells and function as angiogenic factors, and/or survival/growth factors that enhance tumor angiogenesis and development. Among chemokines, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has significantly been studied in numerous cancers and autoimmune diseases. CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine, which is acts as an anti-inflammatory chemokine during autoimmune inflammatory responses. In cancer cells, CXCL12 acts as an angiogenic, proliferative agent and regulates tumor cell apoptosis as well. CXCR4 has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis in inflammatory situations in numerous autoimmune diseases, as well as the high levels of CXCR4, observed in different types of human cancers. These findings suggest CXCL12/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target for therapy of autoimmune diseases and open a new approach to targeted-therapy of cancers by neutralizing CXCL12 and CXCR4. In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding of the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in disease pathology and cancer biology, and discuss its therapeutic implications in cancer and diseases.
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21
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The role of PKC and PKD in CXCL12 directed prostate cancer migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Zhou X, Liao X, Wang X, Huang K, Yang C, Yu T, Liu J, Han C, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Han Q, Liu Z, Huang J, Gong Y, Ye X, Peng T. Clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanism of C‑C motif chemokine receptors in patients with early‑stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1856-1868. [PMID: 31432181 PMCID: PMC6775805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the clinical significance and potential molecular mechanisms of C‑C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) genes in patients with early‑stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The transcriptomic, survival and clinical data of 112 patients with early‑stage PDAC who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The prognostic values of the CCR genes involved in early‑stage PDAC were evaluated using Kaplan‑Meier analysis and the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model, and the potential molecular mechanisms were determined using bioinformatics tools. The identified CCRs closely interacted with each other at both the gene and protein levels. High expression levels of CCR5 [adjusted P=0.012; adjusted hazard ration (HR)=0.478, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.269‑0.852], CCR6 (adjusted P=0.026; adjusted HR=0.527, 95% CI=0.299‑0.927) and CCR9 (adjusted P=0.001; adjusted HR=0.374, 95% CI=0.209‑0.670) were significantly associated with longer overall survival times in patients with early‑stage PDAC. The contribution of CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 to the outcome of early‑stage PDAC was also demonstrated. Combined survival analysis of CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 suggested that patients with high expression levels of these CCRs exhibited the most favorable outcomes. A prognostic signature was constructed in terms of the expression level of CC5, CCR6 and CCR9, and time‑dependent receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that this signature was able to effectively predict the outcome of patients with early‑stage PDAC. The potential molecular mechanisms of CCR5, CC6 and CCR9 in PDAC include its intersection of the P53, nuclear factor (NF)‑κB, generic transcription, mitogen‑activated protein kinase and STAT signaling pathways. Collectively, this highlights that CCR5, CCR6 and CCR9 are potential prognostic biomarkers for early‑stage PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Jianlv Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R China
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Du H, Gao L, Luan J, Zhang H, Xiao T. C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4 in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Achievements and Challenges. Acta Haematol 2019; 142:64-70. [PMID: 31096215 DOI: 10.1159/000497430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), an aggressive cancer of the B cells, is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) worldwide. In China, the cases of DLBCL increase yearly. C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been implicated in the migration and trafficking of malignant B cells in several hematological malignancies, and only a few reports have been published on the role of CXCR4 in the metastasis of DLBCL. This review summarizes the relevant perspectives on the functional mechanism, prognostic significance, and therapeutic applications of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in DLBCL, in particular DLBCL with bone marrow involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Du
- Division of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China,
| | - Lei Gao
- Division of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Division of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hangfan Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Taiwu Xiao
- Division of Hematology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Mlakar V, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Lesne L, Marino D, Rathi KS, Maris JM, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. PRIMA-1 MET-induced neuroblastoma cell death is modulated by p53 and mycn through glutathione level. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:69. [PMID: 30755224 PMCID: PMC6373164 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. This cancer has a low frequency of TP53 mutations and its downstream pathway is usually intact. This study assessed the efficacy of the p53 activator, PRIMA-1MET, in inducing neuroblastoma cell death. Methods CellTiter 2.0 was used to study susceptibility and specificity of NB cell lines to PRIMA-1MET. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to assess the most common p53 transactivation targets. Induction of p53 and Noxa, and inhibition of Cas3/7, were used to assess impact on cell death after PRIMA-1MET treatment. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle phase and induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Results Neuroblastoma cell lines were at least four times more susceptible to PRIMA-1MET than were primary fibroblasts and keratinocyte cell lines. PRIMA-1MET induced cell death rapidly and in all cell cycle phases. Although PRIMA-1MET activated p53 transactivation activity, p53’s role is likely limited because its main targets remained unaffected, whereas pan-caspase inhibitor demonstrated no ability to prevent cell death. PRIMA-1MET induced oxidative stress and modulated the methionine/cysteine/glutathione axis. Variations of MYCN and p53 modulated intracellular levels of GSH and resulted in increased/decreased sensitivity of PRIMA-1MET. PRIMA-1MET inhibited thioredoxin reductase, but the effect of PRIMA-1MET was not altered by thioredoxin inhibition. Conclusions PRIMA-1MET could be a promising new agent to treat neuroblastoma because it demonstrated good anti-tumor action. Although p53 is involved in PRIMA-1MET-mediated cell death, our results suggest that direct interaction with p53 has a limited role in neuroblastoma but rather acts through modulation of GSH levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1066-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Lesne
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Marino
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc Ansari
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zheng J, Li H, He L, Huang Y, Cai J, Chen L, Zhou C, Fu H, Lu T, Zhang Y, Yao J, Yang Y. Preconditioning of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by rapamycin increases cell migration and ameliorates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12546. [PMID: 30537044 PMCID: PMC6496237 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Transfusion of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) is a novel strategy for treatment of various liver diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of UC‐MSCs is limited because only a few UC‐MSCs migrate towards the damaged regions. In this study, we observed the effects of autophagy on the migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro and in a model of liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods We investigated the effects of autophagy on the status of the cell, release of anti‐inflammatory factors and migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro. The therapeutic effects and in vivo migration of rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs were observed in a C57/B6 mouse model of liver I/R injury. Results Induction of autophagy by rapamycin enhanced the ability of UC‐MSCs to migrate and release anti‐inflammatory cytokines as well as increased expression of CXCR4 without affecting cell viability. Inhibition of CXCR4 activation markedly decreased migration of these cells. In a mouse model of liver I/R injury, we found significantly upregulated expression of CXCR12 in the damaged liver. More rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs migrated towards the ischaemic regions than 3‐methyladenine‐preconditioned or non‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs, leading to improvement in hepatic performance, pathological changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines. These effects were abolished by AMD3100. Conclusions Preconditioning of UC‐MSCs by rapamycin afforded increased protection against liver I/R injury by enhancing immunosuppression and strengthening the homing and migratory capacity of these cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Lai H, Zhao X, Qin Y, Ding Y, Chen R, Li G, Labrie M, Ding Z, Zhou J, Hu J, Ma D, Fang Y, Gao Q. FAK-ERK activation in cell/matrix adhesion induced by the loss of apolipoprotein E stimulates the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:32. [PMID: 29458390 PMCID: PMC5819228 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a mediator of tumor progression. However, whether the alterations of the intraperitoneal ECM prior to tumor establishment affects the malignant progression of ovarian cancer remains elusive. Methods Apolipoprotein (ApoE) knock-out mice was used to analyze the intraperitoneal ECM alterations by quantification of the major components of ECM. ID8 cells were implanted in vivo to generate allografts and human ovarian cancer cell lines were characterized in vitro to assess the effects of ECM alterations on the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. Adhesion assay, immunochemistry, cytokines profile, proliferation assay, transwell invasion assay and western blot were used to determine the malignant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. Results ApoE loss induced increased ECM deposition, which stimulated the adhesions of ovarian cancer cells. The adhesion-mediated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling enhanced the invasive behaviors of ovarian cancer cells through activation of a ERK-MMP linkage. This ECM-induced signaling cascade was further confirmed in human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, reversal of the ECM accumulation with BAPN or abrogation of adhesion-induced ERK activation in ovarian cancer cells with MEK inhibitors (MEKi) was found to effectively delay ovarian cancer progression. Conclusions These findings identify the FAK-ERK activation in cell/matrix adhesion in the malignant progression of ovarian cancer and the efficiency of BAPN or MEKi for tumor suppression, providing an impetus for further studies to explore the possibility of new anticancer therapeutic combinations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0696-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Lai
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Zhao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qin
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqi Chen
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX77030, Houston, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX77030, Houston, USA
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key laboratory of the ministry of education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Hankou, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Koyama R, Tamura M, Nakagaki T, Ohashi T, Idogawa M, Suzuki H, Tokino T, Sasaki Y. Identification and characterization of a metastatic suppressor BRMS1L as a target gene of p53. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2413-2421. [PMID: 29030916 PMCID: PMC5715288 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its family members, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the cell fate determination in response to diverse upstream signals. As transcription factors, p53 family proteins regulate a number of genes that are involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and maintenance of genomic stability. Recent studies revealed that p53 family proteins are important for the regulation of cell invasion and migration. Microarray analysis showed that breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1‐like (BRMS1L) is upregulated by p53 family proteins, specifically p53, TAp63γ, and TAp73β. We identified two responsive elements of p53 family proteins in the first intron and upstream of BRMS1L. These response elements are well conserved among mammals. Functional analysis showed that ectopic expression of BRMS1L inhibited cancer cell invasion and migration; knockdown of BRMS1L by siRNA induced the opposite effect. Importantly, clinical databases revealed that reduced BRMS1L expression correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast and brain cancer. Together, these results strongly indicate that BRMS1L is one of the mediators downstream of the p53 pathway, and that it inhibits cancer cell invasion and migration, which are essential steps in cancer metastasis. Collectively, our results indicate that BRMS1L is involved in cancer cell invasion and migration, and could be a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Koyama
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tamura
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakagaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohashi
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sasaki
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mitkin NA, Muratova AM, Sharonov GV, Korneev KV, Sviriaeva EN, Mazurov D, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV. p63 and p73 repress CXCR5 chemokine receptor gene expression in p53-deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells during genotoxic stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:1169-1178. [PMID: 29107083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many types of chemotherapeutic agents induce of DNA-damage that is accompanied by activation of p53 tumor suppressor, a key regulator of tumor development and progression. In our previous study we demonstrated that p53 could repress CXCR5 chemokine receptor gene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via attenuation of NFkB activity. In this work we aimed to determine individual roles of p53 family members in the regulation of CXCR5 gene expression under genotoxic stress. DNA-alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate caused a reduction in CXCR5 expression not only in parental MCF-7 cells but also in MCF-7-p53off cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of the p53 gene. Since p53 knockout was associated with elevated expression of its p63 and p73 homologues, we knocked out p63 using CRISPR/Cas9 system and knocked down p73 using specific siRNA. The CXCR5 promoter activity, CXCR5 expression and CXCL13-directed migration in MCF-7 cells with inactivation of all three p53 family genes were completely insensitive to genotoxic stress, while pairwise p53+p63 or p53+p73 inactivation resulted in partial effects. Using deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrated that effects of NFkB on the CXCR5 promoter inversely correlated with p63 and p73 levels. Thus, all three p53 family members mediate the effects of genotoxic stress on the CXCR5 promoter using the same mechanism associated with attenuation of NFkB activity. Understanding of this mechanism could facilitate prognosis of tumor responses to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Mitkin
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa M Muratova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - George V Sharonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Korneev
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Sviriaeva
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Mazurov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anton M Schwartz
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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Yue Z, Zhou Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jing Y, Wang X. p53 Deletion promotes myeloma cells invasion by upregulating miR19a/CXCR5. Leuk Res 2017; 60:115-122. [PMID: 28783539 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
P53 deletion has been identified as one of the few factors that defined high risk and poor prognosis in MM. It has been reported p53 deletion is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and organ infiltrations of MM. However, p53 deletion in the migration and dissemination of MM cells has not been totally elucidated. In this research, first, we investigated whether p53 is associated with migration of MM cells. We found that p53 regulates the migration of NCI-H929 cells with wild-type p53 but not U266 cells with mutated-type p53. Next, we investigated the related mechanism by which p53 regulates the migration. We found that down-regulation of p53 reduced adhesion of NCI-H929 cells to the BM stroma via decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased EMT-regulating proteins. Further study have identified the miR-19a/CXCR5 pathway as a candidate p53-induced migration mechanism. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time the critical value of p53 deletion in MM cell migration and dissemination, as well as the acquisition of an EMT-like phenotype. Our research provides new insights into the function of p53 in migration of MM and suggests p53/miRNA19a/CXCR5 may provide potentially therapeutic targets for the treatment of myeloma with p53 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yue
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Yafang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoyao Jing
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin, China.
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Anti-invasive effects of CXCR4 and FAK inhibitors in non-small cell lung carcinomas with mutually inactivated p53 and PTEN tumor suppressors. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:718-732. [PMID: 28733702 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. At the time of diagnosis, a large percentage of NSCLC patients have already developed metastasis, responsible for extremely high mortality rates. CXCR4 receptor and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are known to regulate such invasive cancer behavior. Their expression is downregulated by p53 and PTEN tumor suppressors which are commonly co-inactivated in NSCLC patients and contribute to metastasis. Therefore, targeting CXCR4 or FAK seems to be a promising strategy in suppressing metastatic spread of p53/PTEN deficient NSCLCs. In this study, we first examined the invasive characteristics of NSCLC cells with suppressed p53 and PTEN activity using wound healing, gelatin degradation and invasion assays. Further, changes in the expression of CXCR4 and FAK were evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western Blot analysis. Finally, we tested the ability of CXCR4 and FAK inhibitors (WZ811 and PF-573228, respectively) to suppress the migratory and invasive potential of p53/PTEN deficient NSCLC cells, in vitro and in vivo using metastatic models of human NSCLC. Our results showed that cells with mutually inactive p53 and PTEN have significantly increased invasive potential associated with hyperactivation of CXCR4 and FAK signaling pathways. Treatments with WZ811 and PF-573228 inhibitors significantly reduced migratory and invasive capacity in vitro and showed a trend of improved survival in vivo. Accordingly, we demonstrated that p53/PTEN deficient NSCLCs have extremely invasive phenotype and provided a rationale for the use of CXCR4 or FAK inhibitors for the suppression of NSCLC dissemination.
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Yang XP, Liu SL, Xu JF, Cao SG, Li Y, Zhou YB. Pancreatic stellate cells increase pancreatic cancer cells invasion through the hepatocyte growth factor /c-Met/survivin regulated by P53/P21. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:79-87. [PMID: 28461158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a key cellular component of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and are considered to contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple cytokines and growth factors derived from PSCs are involved in malignant cancer progression, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). However, the molecular mechanisms by which HGF regulates cancer invasion and metastasis have not been completely elucidated. Here, we report that two pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines, Panc-1 and SW1990, displayed different invasive and migratory abilities after treatment with HGF secreted by PSCs. We found that HGF enhanced the invasive and migratory capacity of Panc-1 cells because of P53 deficiency, leading to overexpression of c-Met, which was regulated through P21. Additionally, our data showed that HGF/c-Met-mediated invasion and migration required the upregulation of survivin expression. In conclusion, PSCs promote PC cells invasion and migration via the HGF/c-Met/survivin pathway, which is negatively regulated by P53/P21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shang-Long Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang-Su Street, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shou-Gen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang-Su Street, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang-Su Street, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Bing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiang-Su Street, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Xu W, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Lu Z, Liu D, Jiang K. CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 gene polymorphism and cancer risk. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5317. [PMID: 27930510 PMCID: PMC5265982 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies have reported the relationship between CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) synonymous polymorphism (rs2228014), and risk of cancer, but the results remained conflicting and controversial. Therefore, this study was devised to evaluate the genetic effects of the rs2228014 polymorphism on cancer risk in a large meta-analysis. METHODS The computer-based databases (EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed) were searched for all relevant studies evaluating rs2228014 and susceptibility to cancer. In the analysis, pooled odds ratios (ORs) with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in 5 genetic models to assess the genetic risk. Egger regression and Begg funnel plots test were conducted to appraise the publication bias. RESULTS Data on rs2228014 polymorphism and overall cancer risk were available for 3684 cancer patients and 5114 healthy controls participating in 11 studies. Overall, a significantly increased risk of cancer was associated with rs2228014 polymorphism in homozygote model (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22-3.33) and in recessive model (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23-3.16). When stratified by ethnicity, the results were positive only in Asian populations (heterozygote model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.65; homozygote model: OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.21-4.91; dominant model: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.13-1.90; recessive model: OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.13-4.48; and allele model: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-1.99). Besides, in the subgroup analysis by source of control, the result was significant only in population-based control (homozygote model: OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.06-5.40; recessive model: pooled OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.02-4.96). CONCLUSION In general, our results first indicated that the rs2228014 polymorphism in CXCR4 gene is correlated with an increased risk of cancer, especially among Asian ethnicity. Large, well-designed epidemiological studies are required to verify the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Digestive, Songjiang Branch Hospital of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University affiliated cancer Hospital
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- The Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Pancreas Center
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center
- Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University
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Lacalle RA, Blanco R, Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martín-Leal A, Mira E, Mañes S. Chemokine Receptor Signaling and the Hallmarks of Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 331:181-244. [PMID: 28325212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines are a family of chemotactic cytokines that mediate their activity by acting on seven-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. Both the ability of the chemokines and their receptors to form homo- and heterodimers and the promiscuity of the chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction endow this protein family with enormous signaling plasticity and complexity that are not fully understood at present. Chemokines were initially identified as essential regulators of homeostatic and inflammatory trafficking of innate and adaptive leucocytes from lymphoid organs to tissues. Chemokines also mediate the host response to cancer. Nevertheless, chemokine function in this response is not limited to regulating leucocyte infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. It is now known that chemokines and their receptors influence most-if not all-hallmark processes of cancer; they act on both neoplastic and untransformed cells in the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells (blood and lymphatic), bone marrow-derived stem cells, and, obviously, infiltrating leucocytes. This review begins with an overview of chemokine and chemokine receptor structure, to better define how chemokines affect the proliferation, survival, stemness, and metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. We also examine the main mechanisms by which chemokines regulate tumor angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration, emphasizing the pro- and antitumorigenic activity of this protein superfamily in these interrelated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lacalle
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Martín-Leal
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mira
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mañes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Inaguma S, Riku M, Ito H, Tsunoda T, Ikeda H, Kasai K. GLI1 orchestrates CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling to enhance migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33648-57. [PMID: 26413813 PMCID: PMC4741792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 impacts on the distant metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer, though knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of their expressions is limited. Meanwhile, the GLI transcription factors of Hedgehog signaling have been reported to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of many types of human cancer. In breast cancer, the increased expression of GLI1 correlated with metastasis and unfavorable overall prognosis, though its molecular mechanism is also not fully understood. Based on our findings that GLI1 enhanced the lung metastasis of breast cancer cells in a mouse model system, we comprehensively screened for genes up-regulated by GLI1 in breast cancer cells, and as such identified CXCR4, CXCR7/ACKR3, and actin-binding protein LCP1/L-PLASTIN, all of which have been reported to be involved in CXCL12-stimulating signaling. In breast cancer cells, we found that GLI1 and GLI2 up-regulated these expressions, while treatment with GLI-specific inhibitor GANT61 reduced the expressions. As for CXCR4, we confirmed it as a direct target of GLI1 through the reporter assay and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We also found that GLI1 enhanced CXCL12-induced ERK phosphorylation and cell migration, both of which were blocked by either CXCR4-specific inhibitor or knockdown of CXCR7 or LCP1. These evidences suggest an indispensable role of GLI1 in the migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells through CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Idelalisib sensitivity and mechanisms of disease progression in relapsed TCF3-PBX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:51-57. [PMID: 27461063 PMCID: PMC5220125 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TCF3-PBX1 (E2A-PBX1) is a recurrent gene fusion in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), which is caused by the translocation t(1;19)(q23;p13). TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL patients typically benefit from chemotherapy; however, many relapse and subsequently develop resistant disease with few effective treatment options. Mechanisms driving disease progression and therapy resistance have not been studied in TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL. Here, we aimed to identify novel treatment options for TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL by profiling leukemia cells from a relapsed patient, and determine molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and progression. By drug-sensitivity testing of leukemic blasts from the index patient, control samples and TCF3-PBX1 positive and negative BCP-ALL cell lines, we identified the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase delta (p110δ) inhibitor idelalisib as an effective treatment for TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL. This was further supported by evidence showing TCF3-PBX1 directly regulates expression of PIK3CD, the gene encoding p110δ. Other somatic mutations to TP53 and MTOR, as well as aberrant expression of CXCR4, may influence additional drug sensitivities specific to the index patient and accompanied progression of the disease. Our results suggest that idelalisib is a promising treatment option for patients with TCF3-PBX1 BCP-ALL, whereas other drugs could be useful depending on the genetic context of individual patients.
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Fu OY, Chang HW, Lin YD, Chuang LY, Hou MF, Yang CH. Breast cancer-associated high-order SNP-SNP interaction of CXCL12/CXCR4-related genes by an improved multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR-ER). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1739-47. [PMID: 27461876 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In association studies, the combined effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-SNP interactions and the problem of imbalanced data between cases and controls are frequently ignored. In the present study, we used an improved multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) approach namely MDR-ER to detect the high order SNP‑SNP interaction in an imbalanced breast cancer data set containing seven SNPs of chemokine CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway genes. Most individual SNPs were not significantly associated with breast cancer. After MDR‑ER analysis, six significant SNP‑SNP interaction models with seven genes (highest cross‑validation consistency, 10; classification error rates, 41.3‑21.0; and prediction error rates, 47.4‑55.3) were identified. CD4 and VEGFA genes were associated in a 2‑loci interaction model (classification error rate, 41.3; prediction error rate, 47.5; odds ratio (OR), 2.069; 95% bootstrap CI, 1.40‑2.90; P=1.71E‑04) and it also appeared in all the best 2‑7‑loci models. When the loci number increased, the classification error rates and P‑values decreased. The powers in 2‑7‑loci in all models were >0.9. The minimum classification error rate of the MDR‑ER‑generated model was shown with the 7‑loci interaction model (classification error rate, 21.0; OR=15.282; 95% bootstrap CI, 9.54‑23.87; P=4.03E‑31). In the epistasis network analysis, the overall effect with breast cancer susceptibility was identified and the SNP order of impact on breast cancer was identified as follows: CD4 = VEGFA > KITLG > CXCL12 > CCR7 = MMP2 > CXCR4. In conclusion, the MDR‑ER can effectively and correctly identify the best SNP‑SNP interaction models in an imbalanced data set for breast cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou-Yang Fu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Da Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Yeh Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hong Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cordani M, Pacchiana R, Butera G, D'Orazi G, Scarpa A, Donadelli M. Mutant p53 proteins alter cancer cell secretome and tumour microenvironment: Involvement in cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:303-9. [PMID: 27045472 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of mutant p53 proteins in the alteration of cancer cell secretome and in the modification of tumour microenvironment, sustaining an invasive phenotype of cancer cell. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between mutant p53 proteins and the microenvironment is becoming fundamental for the identification of both efficient anticancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells bearing mutant TP53 gene. In particular, we highlight data from available literature, suggesting that mutant p53 proteins are able to (i) alter the secretion of enzymes involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix components; (ii) alter the secretion of inflammatory cytokines; (iii) increase the extracellular acidification; and (iv) regulate the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cordani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Centre (ARC-Net) and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Chen J, Xu-Monette ZY, Deng L, Shen Q, Manyam GC, Martinez-Lopez A, Zhang L, Montes-Moreno S, Visco C, Tzankov A, Yin L, Dybkaer K, Chiu A, Orazi A, Zu Y, Bhagat G, Richards KL, Hsi ED, Choi WWL, van Krieken JH, Huh J, Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJM, Zhao X, Møller MB, Farnen JP, Winter JN, Piris MA, Pham L, Young KH. Dysregulated CXCR4 expression promotes lymphoma cell survival and independently predicts disease progression in germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5597-614. [PMID: 25704881 PMCID: PMC4467389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an essential role in tumor cell dissemination and disease progression. However, the significance of CXCR4 overexpression in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. In 743 patients with de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received standard Rituximab-CHOP immunochemotherapy, we assessed the expression of CXCR4 and dissected its prognostic significance in various DLBCL subsets. Our results showed that CXCR4+ patients was associated with male, bulky tumor, high Ki-67 index, activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype, and Myc, Bcl-2 or p53 overexpression. Moreover, CXCR4+ was an independent factor predicting poorer progression-free survival in germinal-center B-cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL, but not in ABC-DLBCL; and in patients with an IPI of ≤2, but not in those with an IPI>2. The lack of prognostic significance of CXCR4 in ABC-DLBCL was likely due to the activation of p53 tumor suppressor attenuating CXCR4 signaling. Furthermore, concurrent CXCR4+ and BCL2 translocation showed dismal outcomes resembling but independent of MYC/BCL2 double-hit DLBCL. Gene expression profiling suggested that alterations in the tumor microenvironment and immune responses, increased tumor proliferation and survival, and the dissemination of CXCR4+ tumor cells to distant organs or tissues were underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the CXCR4+ associated poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lihui Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - April Chiu
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy L Richards
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - William W L Choi
- University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jooryung Huh
- Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Second University Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - John P Farnen
- Gundersen Lutheran Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Jane N Winter
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Lan Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Jin MS, Park IA, Kim JY, Chung YR, Im SA, Lee KH, Moon HG, Han W, Noh DY, Ryu HS. New insight on the biological role of p53 protein as a tumor suppressor: re-evaluation of its clinical significance in triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11017-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Es-Haghi M, Bassami M, Dehghani H. Construction and Quantitative Validation of Chicken CXCR4 Expression Reporter. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:202-11. [PMID: 26809356 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Site directional migration is an important biological event and an essential behavior for latent migratory cells. A migratory cell maintains its motility, survival, and proliferation abilities by a network of signaling pathways where CXCR4/SDF signaling route plays crucial role for directed homing of a polarized cell. The chicken embryo due to its specific vasculature modality has been used as a valuable model for organogenesis, migration, cancer, and metastasis. In this research, the regulatory regions of chicken CXCR4 gene have been characterized in a chicken hematopoietic lymphoblast cell line (MSB1). A region extending from -2000 bp upstream of CXCR4 gene to +68 after its transcriptional start site, in addition to two other mutant fragments were constructed and cloned in a promoter-less reporter vector. Promoter activity was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry techniques. Our findings show that the full sequence from -2000 to +68 bp of CXCR4 regulatory region is required for maximum promoter functionality, while the mutant CXCR4 promoter fragments show a partial promoter activity. The chicken CXCR4 promoter validated in this study could be used for characterization of directed migratory cells in chicken development and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Es-Haghi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bassami
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Embryonic and Stem Cell Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Chen HY, Clayman ES, Ma WF. Phenotypic Knockout of CXCR4 Expression by a Novel Intrakine Mutant hSDF-1α/54/KDEL Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:771-8. [PMID: 25978539 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many malignant tumors express high levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the interaction between CXCR4 and its ligand, SDF-1, promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Therefore, blocking the interaction between CXCR4 and SDF-1 could alter the tumor's metastatic phenotype and control the development and progression of cancers. We used a cellular phenotypic knockout strategy and developed a novel recombinant gene, AdSDF-1α/54/KDEL, which contains an adenovirus vector, a mutant form of SDF-1 that lacks a C-terminal α-helix, and a KDEL tetrapeptide sequence that promotes retention at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that SDF-1α/54/KDEL could efficiently block metastasis of breast cancer cells with less inflammatory side effects than SDF-1α/KDEL. Using the MCF-7 cell line, which expresses a stable, high level of CXCR4, we found that SDF-1α/54/KDEL efficiently becomes localized at the ER of tumor cells, where it specifically binds to newly synthesized CXCR4 and prevents it from reaching the cell surface. Chemotaxis and invasion assays revealed that the cells treated with SDF-1α/54/KDEL failed to migrate toward SDF-1. We also found that SDF-1α/54/KDEL impaired lung metastasis of metastatic breast cancer by decreasing CXCR4 on the cell surface. The novel recombinant gene, SDF-1α/54/KDEL, played an instrumental role in blocking SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated cell migration, and we found that this gene-based strategy for targeting the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis offers a very effective alternative method for preventing metastasis of breast cancer and other cancers expressing high levels of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Chen
- 1 Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric S Clayman
- 2 Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei-Feng Ma
- 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Mitkin NA, Hook CD, Schwartz AM, Biswas S, Kochetkov DV, Muratova AM, Afanasyeva MA, Kravchenko JE, Bhattacharyya A, Kuprash DV. p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9330. [PMID: 25786345 PMCID: PMC4365401 DOI: 10.1038/srep09330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of chemokine receptors in tumors has been reported in many instances and is related to a number of survival advantages for tumor cells including abnormal activation of prosurvival intracellular pathways. In this work we demonstrated an inverse correlation between expression levels of p53 tumor suppressor and CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Lentiviral transduction of MCF-7 cells with p53 shRNA led to elevated CXCR5 at both mRNA and protein levels. Functional activity of CXCR5 in p53-knockdown MCF-7 cells was also increased as shown by activation of target gene expression and chemotaxis in response to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13. Using deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the cxcr5 gene promoter and enhancer elements, we demonstrated that p53 appears to act upon cxcr5 promoter indirectly, by repressing the activity of NFκB transcription factors. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene analysis, we further demonstrated that p65/RelA was able to bind the cxcr5 promoter in p53-dependent manner and to directly transactivate it when overexpressed. Through the described mechanism, elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A. Mitkin
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christina D. Hook
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton M. Schwartz
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge Circular Road 35, 700019 Calcutta, India
| | - Dmitry V. Kochetkov
- Group of Regulation of Genome Transcription, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa M. Muratova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Afanasyeva
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia E. Kravchenko
- Group of Regulation of Genome Transcription, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge Circular Road 35, 700019 Calcutta, India
| | - Dmitry V. Kuprash
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling in Health and Disease, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Morris LGT, Chan TA. Therapeutic targeting of tumor suppressor genes. Cancer 2014; 121:1357-68. [PMID: 25557041 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process attributable to both gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes and loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Currently, most molecular targeted therapies are inhibitors of oncogenes, because inactivated tumor suppressor genes have proven harder to "drug." Nevertheless, in cancers, tumor suppressor genes undergo alteration more frequently than do oncogenes. In recent years, several promising strategies directed at tumor suppressor genes, or the pathways controlled by these genes, have emerged. Here, we describe advances in a number of different methodologies aimed at therapeutically targeting tumors driven by inactivated tumor suppressor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc G T Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Otto B, Koenig AM, Tolstonog GV, Jeschke A, Klaetschke K, Vashist YK, Wicklein D, Wagener C, Izbicki JR, Streichert T. Molecular changes in pre-metastatic lymph nodes of esophageal cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102552. [PMID: 25048826 PMCID: PMC4105535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis indicates poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. To understand the underlying mechanisms, most studies so far focused on investigating the tumors themselves and/or invaded lymph nodes. However they neglected the potential events within the metastatic niche, which precede invasion. Here we report the first description of these regulations in patients on transcription level. We determined transcriptomic profiles of still metastasis-free regional lymph nodes for two patient groups: patients classified as pN1 (n = 9, metastatic nodes exist) or pN0 (n = 5, no metastatic nodes exist). All investigated lymph nodes, also those from pN1 patients, were still metastasis-free. The results show that regional lymph nodes of pN1 patients differ decisively from those of pN0 patients – even before metastasis has taken place. In the pN0 group distinct immune response patterns were observed. In contrast, lymph nodes of the pN1 group exhibited a clear profile of reduced immune response and reduced proliferation, but increased apoptosis, enhanced hypoplasia and morphological conversion processes. DKK1 was the most significant gene associated with the molecular mechanisms taking place in lymph nodes of patients suffering from metastasis (pN1). We assume that the two molecular profiles observed constitute different stages of a progressive disease. Finally we suggest that DKK1 might play an important role within the mechanisms leading to lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra M. Koenig
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Surgical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Genrich V. Tolstonog
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Jeschke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Klaetschke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yogesh K. Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Surgical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Surgical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ding Y, Chen B, Huang J, Zhang W, Yang H, Deng Y, Lin J, Wang S, Zhang X. Overexpression of Tiam1 is associated with malignant phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:607-18. [PMID: 24912585 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the roles of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression and its correlation with clinicopathological features, including the survival of patients with NPC. Tiam1 protein expression in NPC tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of Tiam1 in 6 NPC cell lines. Stable Tiam1-overexpressing NPC cells using a transfection technique and Tiam1-silencing NPC cells using short hairpin RNA were constructed. Subsequently, MTT assay, plate and soft agar colony formation assays, cell adhesion, migration, invasion assays and experimental animal models were carried out to detect the biological functions of Tiam1 in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Tiam1 had high expression in 96 of 140 (68.6%) paraffin-embedded archival NPC biopsies. Tiam1 overexpression was significantly associated with N classification (P=0.004), distant metastasis (P=0.042) and clinical stage (P=0.042). Patients with higher levels of Tiam1 expression had poorer overall survival (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that Tiam1 expression is an independent prognostic indicator for the overall survival of NPC patients. Using the approaches of exogenous overexpression and the knockdown of Tiam1 expression, respectively, it was confirmed that Tiam1 promoted cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. These data support the notion that Tiam1 plays an important role in the progression of NPC, and the overexpression of Tiam1 is associated with malignant phenotypes of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Academic Research and Medical Training, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Deng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Weissmueller S, Manchado E, Saborowski M, Morris JP, Wagenblast E, Davis CA, Moon SH, Pfister NT, Tschaharganeh DF, Kitzing T, Aust D, Markert EK, Wu J, Grimmond SM, Pilarsky C, Prives C, Biankin AV, Lowe SW. Mutant p53 drives pancreatic cancer metastasis through cell-autonomous PDGF receptor β signaling. Cell 2014; 157:382-394. [PMID: 24725405 PMCID: PMC4001090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor inactivate its antiproliferative properties but can also promote metastasis through a gain-of-function activity. We show that sustained expression of mutant p53 is required to maintain the prometastatic phenotype of a murine model of pancreatic cancer, a highly metastatic disease that frequently displays p53 mutations. Transcriptional profiling and functional screening identified the platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (PDGFRb) as both necessary and sufficient to mediate these effects. Mutant p53 induced PDGFRb through a cell-autonomous mechanism involving inhibition of a p73/NF-Y complex that represses PDGFRb expression in p53-deficient, noninvasive cells. Blocking PDGFRb signaling by RNA interference or by small molecule inhibitors prevented pancreatic cancer cell invasion in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo. Finally, high PDGFRb expression correlates with poor disease-free survival in pancreatic, colon, and ovarian cancer patients, implicating PDGFRb as a prognostic marker and possible target for attenuating metastasis in p53 mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Weissmueller
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eusebio Manchado
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Saborowski
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John P Morris
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elvin Wagenblast
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Neil T Pfister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Kitzing
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniela Aust
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke K Markert
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Santa Lucia 4072, Australia; Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia; Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland G61 1BD, UK
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The tumor suppressor p53 is lost or mutated in about half of all human cancers, and in those tumors in which it is wild-type, mechanisms exist to prevent its activation. p53 loss not only prevents incipient tumor cells from undergoing oncogene-induced senescence and apoptosis, but also perturbs cell-cycle checkpoints. This enables p53-deficient tumor cells with DNA damage to continue cycling, creating a permissive environment for the acquisition of additional mutations. Theoretically, this could contribute to the evolution of a cancer genome that is conducive to metastasis. Importantly, p53 loss also results in the disruption of pathways that inhibit metastasis, and transcriptionally defective TP53 mutants are known to gain additional functions that promote metastasis. Here, we review the evidence supporting a role for p53 loss or mutation in tumor metastasis, with an emphasis on breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE The metastatic potential of tumor cells can be positively infl uenced by loss of p53 or expression of p53 gain-of-function mutants. Understanding the mechanisms by which p53 loss and mutation promote tumor metastasis is crucial to understanding the biology of tumor progression and how to appropriately apply targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Powell
- Departments of 1Cancer Biology and 2Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Avery-Kiejda KA, Morten B, Wong-Brown MW, Mathe A, Scott RJ. The relative mRNA expression of p53 isoforms in breast cancer is associated with clinical features and outcome. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:586-96. [PMID: 24336193 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of p53 is a common feature of cancer. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy that develops in women; however, somatic mutation of p53 is rare, suggesting that p53 becomes inactivated by other mechanisms. p53 is expressed as smaller isoforms, some of which inhibit wild-type p53. There are no studies that have examined the relative expression of all isoforms in this disease. We have analysed the relative messenger RNA expression of the p53 isoforms, Δ40, Δ133, β and γ in a panel of 6 breast cancer cell lines, 148 breast cancers specimens and 31 matched normal adjacent tissues by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and analysed their relationship to clinical features and outcome. We have identified several important clinical associations, particularly with Δ40p53, which was expressed at levels that were ~50-fold higher than the least expressed isoform p53γ. Δ40p53 was significantly upregulated in tumour tissue when compared with the normal breast and was significantly associated with an aggressive breast cancer subtype-triple negative. Additionally, p53β expression was significantly negatively associated with tumour size and positively associated with disease-free survival, where high levels of p53β were protective, particularly in patients with a mutation in p53, suggesting p53β may counteract the damage inflicted by mutant p53. In conclusion, the relative expression of p53 isoforms is related to clinical features of breast cancer and outcome. These results have implications for the stratification of breast cancer based on p53 function and may provide an alternate explanation for deregulated p53 signalling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- Centre for Information Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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