1
|
Li Y, Giovannini S, Wang T, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Candi E, Melino G, Bernassola F. p63: a crucial player in epithelial stemness regulation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3371-3384. [PMID: 37848625 PMCID: PMC10638092 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue homeostasis is closely associated with the self-renewal and differentiation behaviors of epithelial stem cells (ESCs). p63, a well-known marker of ESCs, is an indispensable factor for their biological activities during epithelial development. The diversity of p63 isoforms expressed in distinct tissues allows this transcription factor to have a wide array of effects. p63 coordinates the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, stem cell self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through the regulation of these biological processes, p63 contributes to, not only normal epithelial development, but also epithelium-derived cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of p63 in epithelial stemness regulation, including self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. We describe the differential expression of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and their distinct functional activities in normal epithelial tissues and in epithelium-derived tumors. Furthermore, we summarize the signaling cascades modulating the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms as well as their downstream pathways in stemness regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Transcription Factors Runx1 and Runx3 Suppress Keratin Expression in Undifferentiated Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710039. [PMID: 36077435 PMCID: PMC9456233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factor (Runx) family has been suggested to play roles in stem cell regulation, tissue development, and oncogenesis in various tissues/organs. In this study, we investigated the possible functions of Runx1 and Runx3 in keratinocyte differentiation. Both Runx1 and Runx3 proteins were detected in primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes. Proteins were localized in the nuclei of undifferentiated keratinocytes but translocated to the cytoplasm of differentiated cells. The siRNA-mediated inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression increased expression of keratin 1 and keratin 10, which are early differentiation markers of keratinocytes. In contrast, overexpression of Runx1 and Runx3 suppressed keratin 1 and keratin 10 expression. Endogenous Runx1 and Runx3 proteins were associated with the promoter sequences of keratin 1 and keratin 10 genes in undifferentiated but not differentiated keratinocytes. In mouse skin, the inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression by keratinocyte-specific gene targeting increased the ratios of keratin 1- and keratin 10-positive cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. On the other hand, inhibition of Runx1 and Runx3 expression did not alter the proliferation capacity of cultured or epidermal keratinocytes. These results suggest that Runx1 and Runx3 likely function to directly inhibit differentiation-induced expression of keratin 1 and keratin 10 genes but are not involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Portal C, Wang Z, Scott DK, Wolosin JM, Iomini C. The c-Myc Oncogene Maintains Corneal Epithelial Architecture at Homeostasis, Modulates p63 Expression, and Enhances Proliferation During Tissue Repair. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:3. [PMID: 35103750 PMCID: PMC8822362 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The transcription factor c-Myc (Myc) plays central regulatory roles in both self-renewal and differentiation of progenitors of multiple cell lineages. Here, we address its function in corneal epithelium (CE) maintenance and repair. Methods Myc ablation in the limbal–corneal epithelium was achieved by crossing a floxed Myc mouse allele (Mycfl/fl) with a mouse line expressing the Cre recombinase gene under the keratin (Krt) 14 promoter. CE stratification and protein localization were assessed by histology of paraffin and plastic sections and by immunohistochemistry of frozen sections, respectively. Protein levels and gene expression were determined by western blot and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. CE wound closure was tracked by fluorescein staining. Results At birth, mutant mice appeared indistinguishable from control littermates; however, their rates of postnatal weight gain were 67% lower than those of controls. After weaning, mutants also exhibited spontaneous skin ulcerations, predominantly in the tail and lower lip, and died 45 to 60 days after birth. The mutant CE displayed an increase in stratal thickness, increased levels of Krt12 in superficial cells, and decreased exfoliation rates. Accordingly, the absence of Myc perturbed protein and mRNA levels of genes modulating differentiation and proliferation processes, including ΔNp63β, Ets1, and two Notch target genes, Hey1 and Maml1. Furthermore, Myc promoted CE wound closure and wound-induced hyperproliferation. Conclusions Myc regulates the balance among CE stratification, differentiation, and surface exfoliation and promotes the transition to the hyperproliferative state during wound healing. Its effect on this balance may be exerted through the control of multiple regulators of cell fate, including isoforms of tumor protein p63.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Portal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Donald K Scott
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - J Mario Wolosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guenter R, Eide J, Chen H, Rose JB, Jaskula-Sztul R. High-Throughput Analysis to Identify Activators of Notch Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2472:49-56. [PMID: 35674891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2201-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway regulates many cellular functions in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the cell type, either the activation or inhibition of Notch signaling can influence many processes such as cellular proliferation, specification, differentiation, and survival. The activation of Notch signaling has been shown to have therapeutic advantages in some cancers, thus having a method to identify Notch-activating compounds is needed. In this chapter we outline a method for high-throughput analysis of potential Notch pathway activators in a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line as an example. We also include the steps for subsequent validation of results and preclinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Eide
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guan Y, Yang YJ, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Transcriptional and signalling regulation of skin epithelial stem cells in homeostasis, wounds and cancer. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:529-545. [PMID: 33249665 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis and skin appendages are maintained by their resident epithelial stem cells, which undergo long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Upon injury, stem cells are activated to mediate re-epithelialization and restore tissue function. During this process, they often mount lineage plasticity and expand their fates in response to damage signals. Stem cell function is tightly controlled by transcription machineries and signalling transductions, many of which derail in degenerative, inflammatory and malignant dermatologic diseases. Here, by describing both well-characterized and newly emerged pathways, we discuss the transcriptional and signalling mechanisms governing skin epithelial homeostasis, wound repair and squamous cancer. Throughout, we highlight common themes underscoring epithelial stem cell plasticity and tissue-level crosstalk in the context of skin physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youn Joo Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali G, Elsayed AK, Nandakumar M, Bashir M, Younis I, Abu Aqel Y, Memon B, Temanni R, Abubaker F, Taheri S, Abdelalim EM. Keratinocytes Derived from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Recapitulate the Genetic Signature of Psoriasis Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:383-400. [PMID: 31996098 PMCID: PMC7153648 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation and defective differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs). Patients with psoriasis are at a high risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The debate on the genetic origin of psoriasis pathogenesis remains unresolved due to lack of suitable in vitro human models mimicking the disease phenotypes. In this study, we provide the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model for psoriasis carrying the genetic signature of the patients. iPSCs were generated from patients with psoriasis (PsO-iPSCs) and healthy donors (Ctr-iPSCs) and were efficiently differentiated into mature KCs. RNA sequencing of KCs derived from Ctr-iPSCs and PsO-iPSCs identified 361 commonly upregulated and 412 commonly downregulated genes. KCs derived from PsO-iPSCs showed dysregulated transcripts associated with psoriasis and KC differentiation, such as HLA-C, KLF4, chemokines, type I interferon-inducible genes, solute carrier family, IVL, DSG1, and HLA-DQA1, as well as transcripts associated with insulin resistance, such as IRS2, GDF15, GLUT10, and GLUT14. Our data suggest that the KC abnormalities are the main driver triggering psoriasis pathology and highlights the substantial contribution of genetic predisposition in the development of psoriasis and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowher Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Bashir
- Department of Endocrinology, Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ihab Younis
- Biological Sciences Program, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Abu Aqel
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadhil Abubaker
- Computer Sciences Program, Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guan Y, Wang G, Fails D, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. Unraveling cancer lineage drivers in squamous cell carcinomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107448. [PMID: 31836455 PMCID: PMC6995404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hijacks embryonic development and adult wound repair mechanisms to fuel malignancy. Cancer frequently originates from de-regulated adult stem cells or progenitors, which are otherwise essential units for postnatal tissue remodeling and repair. Cancer genomics studies have revealed convergence of multiple cancers across organ sites, including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a common group of cancers arising from the head and neck, esophagus, lung, cervix and skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the molecular drivers of SCCs, including these five major organ sites. We especially focus our discussion on lineage dependent driver genes and pathways, in the context of squamous development and stratification. We then use skin as a model to discuss the notion of field cancerization during SCC carcinogenesis, and cancer as a wound that never heals. Finally, we turn to the idea of context dependency widely observed in cancer driver genes, and outline literature support and possible explanations for their lineage specific functions. Through these discussions, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of molecular mechanisms driving tumor plasticity in squamous cancers. Such basic knowledge will be helpful to inform the clinics for better stratifying cancer patients, revealing novel drug targets and providing effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Danielle Fails
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
STXBP4 regulates APC/C-mediated p63 turnover and drives squamous cell carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4806-E4814. [PMID: 29735662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718546115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of the N-terminally truncated isoform of p63 (ΔN p63), well documented to play a pivotal role in basal epidermal gene expression and epithelial maintenance, need to be strictly regulated. We demonstrate here that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) complex plays an essential role in the ubiquitin-mediated turnover of ΔNp63α through the M-G1 phase. In addition, syntaxin-binding protein 4 (Stxbp4), which we previously discovered to bind to ΔNp63, can suppress the APC/C-mediated proteolysis of ΔNp63. Supporting the physiological relevance, of these interactions, both Stxbp4 and an APC/C-resistant version of ΔNp63α (RL7-ΔNp63α) inhibit the terminal differentiation process in 3D organotypic cultures. In line with this, both the stable RL7-ΔNp63α variant and Stxbp4 have oncogenic activity in soft agar and xenograft tumor assays. Notably as well, higher levels of Stxbp4 expression are correlated with the accumulation of ΔNp63 in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our study reveals that Stxbp4 drives the oncogenic potential of ΔNp63α and may provide a relevant therapeutic target for SCC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Goriki A, Seiler R, Wyatt AW, Contreras-Sanz A, Bhat A, Matsubara A, Hayashi T, Black PC. Unravelling disparate roles of NOTCH in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:345-357. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Campbell JD, Yau C, Bowlby R, Liu Y, Brennan K, Fan H, Taylor AM, Wang C, Walter V, Akbani R, Byers LA, Creighton CJ, Coarfa C, Shih J, Cherniack AD, Gevaert O, Prunello M, Shen H, Anur P, Chen J, Cheng H, Hayes DN, Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Ojesina AI, Sadeghi S, Mungall KL, Robertson AG, Benz C, Schultz A, Kanchi RS, Gay CM, Hegde A, Diao L, Wang J, Ma W, Sumazin P, Chiu HS, Chen TW, Gunaratne P, Donehower L, Rader JS, Zuna R, Al-Ahmadie H, Lazar AJ, Flores ER, Tsai KY, Zhou JH, Rustgi AK, Drill E, Shen R, Wong CK, Stuart JM, Laird PW, Hoadley KA, Weinstein JN, Peto M, Pickering CR, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2018; 23:194-212.e6. [PMID: 29617660 PMCID: PMC6002769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smoking and/or human papillomavirus (HPV). SCCs harbor 3q, 5p, and other recurrent chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs), DNA mutations, and/or aberrant methylation of genes and microRNAs, which are correlated with the expression of multi-gene programs linked to squamous cell stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal differentiation, growth, genomic integrity, oxidative damage, death, and inflammation. Low-CNA SCCs tended to be HPV(+) and display hypermethylation with repression of TET1 demethylase and FANCF, previously linked to predisposition to SCC, or harbor mutations affecting CASP8, RAS-MAPK pathways, chromatin modifiers, and immunoregulatory molecules. We uncovered hypomethylation of the alternative promoter that drives expression of the ΔNp63 oncogene and embedded miR944. Co-expression of immune checkpoint, T-regulatory, and Myeloid suppressor cells signatures may explain reduced efficacy of immune therapy. These findings support possibilities for molecular classification and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliann Shih
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcos Prunello
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Pavana Anur
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Christopher Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rupa S Kanchi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Apurva Hegde
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua-Sheng Chiu
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, UH-SeqNEdit Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larry Donehower
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology, Genomic Medicine, Dermatology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77401, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jane H Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esther Drill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronglei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher K Wong
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Peter W Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myron Peto
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ku HJ, Park JH, Kim SH, Park JW. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency exacerbates dermis damage by ultraviolet-B via ΔNp63 downregulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1138-1147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Erickson JR, Echeverri K. Learning from regeneration research organisms: The circuitous road to scar free wound healing. Dev Biol 2018; 433:144-154. [PMID: 29179946 PMCID: PMC5914521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and plays multiple essential roles ranging from regulating temperature, preventing infection and ultimately defining who we are physically. It is a highly dynamic organ that constantly replaces the outermost cells throughout life. However, when faced with a major injury, human skin cannot restore a significant lesion to its original functionality, instead a reparative scar is formed. In contrast to this, many other species have the unique ability to regenerate full thickness skin without formation of scar tissue. Here we review recent advances in the field that shed light on how the skin cells in regenerative species react to injury to prevent scar formation versus scar forming humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jami R Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Van Waes C, Musbahi O. Genomics and advances towards precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017; 2:310-319. [PMID: 29094075 PMCID: PMC5655563 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a review of emerging knowledge from genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and clinical precision medicine studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Data Sources The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) publications, PubMed‐based literature review, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Review Methods TCGA publications, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried for genomics and related basic science, preclinical, and developmental clinical precision medicine studies in HNSCC. Results TCGA reported comprehensive genomic analyses of 279 HNSCC, defining the landscape and frequency of chromosomal copy number alterations, mutations, and expressed genes that contribute to pathogenesis, prognosis, and resistance to therapy. This provides a road map for basic science and preclinical studies to identify key pathways in cancer and cells of the tumor microenvironment affected by these alterations, and candidate targets for new small molecule and biologic therapies. Conclusion Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and expression of genes affecting HNSCC subsets are associated with differences in prognosis, and define molecules, pathways, and deregulated immune responses as candidates for therapy. Activity of molecularly targeted agents appears to be enhanced by rational combinations of these agents and standard therapies targeting the complex alterations that affect multiple pathways and mechanisms in HNSCC. Level of Evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
| | - Omar Musbahi
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Bethesda Maryland U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pelosi G, Scarpa A, Forest F, Sonzogni A. The impact of immunohistochemistry on the classification of lung tumors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1105-21. [PMID: 27617475 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1235975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To highlight the role of immunohistochemistry to lung cancer classification on the basis of existing guidelines and future perspectives. AREAS COVERED Four orienting key-issues were structured according to an extensive review on the English literature: a) cancer subtyping; b) best biomarkers and rules to follow; c) negative and positive profiling; d) suggestions towards an evidence-based proposal for lung cancer subtyping. A sparing material approach based on a limited number of specific markers is highly desirable. It includes p40 for squamous cell carcinoma ('no p40, no squamous'), TTF1 for adenocarcinoma, synaptophysin for neuroendocrine tumors and vimentin for sarcomatoid carcinoma. A close relationship between genotype and phenotype also supports a diagnostic role for negative profiles. Expert commentary: Highly specific and sensitive IHC markers according to positive and negative diagnostic algorithms seem appropriate for individual patients' lung cancer subtyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- a Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- b Department of Pathology and Diagnostics , University and Hospital Trust of Verona , Verona , Italy.,c ARC-Net Research Centre , University and Hospital Trust of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Fabien Forest
- d Department of Pathology , University Hospital Center (CHU), North Hospital , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- e Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ausoni S, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Singh B, Da Mosto MC, Spinato G, Tirelli G, Spinato R, Azzarello G. Targeting cellular and molecular drivers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current options and emerging perspectives. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:413-26. [PMID: 27194534 PMCID: PMC5524458 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in functional outcomes attributable to advances in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgical techniques, and imaging techniques, survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has improved only marginally during the last couple of decades, and optimal therapy has yet to be devised. Genomic complexity and intratumoral genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment resistance and the propensity for locoregional recurrence. Countering this, it demands a significant effort from both basic and clinical scientists in the search for more effective targeted therapies. Recent genomewide studies have provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of HNSCC, uncovering potential new therapeutic opportunities. In addition, several studies have elucidated how inflammatory, immune, and stromal cells contribute to the particular properties of these neoplasms. In the present review, we introduce recent findings on genomic aberrations resulting from whole-genome sequencing of HNSCC, we discuss how the particular microenvironment affects the pathogenesis of this disease, and we describe clinical trials exploring new perspectives on the use of combined genetic and cellular targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padua, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Spinato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dell'Angelo Hospital, Mestre, Venezia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Azzarello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mirano Hospital, Local Health Unit 13, Mirano, Venezia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu L, Liu J, Li Z, Wang C, Nawshad A. Transforming growth factor-β1 activates ΔNp63/c-Myc to promote oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:460-482.e4. [PMID: 27567435 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the transformed epithelial cells undergo increased proliferation resulting in tumor growth and invasion. Interestingly, throughout all phases of differentiation and progression to OSCC, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF)-β1 induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis; however, the role of TGF-β1 in promoting cancer cell proliferation has not been explored in detail. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of TGF-β1 on OSCC cell proliferation. STUDY DESIGN Using both human OSCC samples and cell lines (UMSCC38 and UMSCC11B), we assessed protein, mRNA, gene expression, and protein-DNA interactions during OSCC progression. RESULTS Our results showed that TGF-β1 increased OSCC cell proliferation by upregulating the expression of ΔNp63 and c-Myc oncogenes. Although the basal OSCC cell proliferation is sustained by activating ΔNp63, increased induction of c-Myc causes unregulated OSCC cell proliferation. Following induction of the cell cycle by ΔNp63 and c-Myc, cancer cells that halt c-Myc activity undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition or invasion while those that continue to express ΔNp63/c-Myc undergo unlimited progression through the cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS OSCC proliferation is manifested by the induction of c-Myc in response to TGF-β1 signaling, which is essential for OSCC growth. Our data highlight the potential role of TGF-β1 in the induction of cancer progression and invasion of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ali Nawshad
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is frequently impervious to curative treatment efforts. Similar to other cancers associated with prolonged exposure to carcinogens, HNSCCs often have a high burden of mutations, contributing to substantial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of this malignancy is further increased by the rising rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated (HPV+) HNSCC, which defines an etiological subtype significantly different from the more common tobacco and alcohol associated HPV-negative (HPV-) HNSCC. Since 2011, application of large scale genome sequencing projects by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network and other groups have established extensive datasets to characterize HPV- and HPV+ HNSCC, providing a foundation for advanced molecular diagnoses, identification of potential biomarkers, and therapeutic insights. Some genomic lesions are now appreciated as widely dispersed. For example, HPV- HNSCC characteristically inactivates the cell cycle suppressors TP53 (p53) and CDKN2A (p16), and often amplifies CCND1 (cyclin D), which phosphorylates RB1 to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S. By contrast, HPV+ HNSCC expresses viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which inhibit TP53 and RB1, and activates the cell cycle regulator E2F1. Frequent activating mutations in PIK3CA and inactivating mutations in NOTCH1 are seen in both subtypes of HNSCC, emphasizing the importance of these pathways. Studies of large patient cohorts have also begun to identify less common genetic alterations, predominantly found in HPV- tumors, which suggest new mechanisms relevant to disease pathogenesis. Targets of these alterations including AJUBA and FAT1, both involved in the regulation of NOTCH/CTNNB1 signaling. Genes involved in oxidative stress, particularly CUL3, KEAP1 and NFE2L2, strongly associated with smoking, have also been identified, and are less well understood mechanistically. Application of sophisticated data-mining approaches, integrating genomic information with profiles of tumor methylation and gene expression, have helped to further yield insights, and in some cases suggest additional approaches to stratify patients for clinical treatment. We here discuss some recent insights built on TCGA and other genomic foundations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim N Beck
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim JE, Bang SH, Choi JH, Kim CD, Won CH, Lee MW, Chang SE. Interaction of Wnt5a with Notch1 is Critical for the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:45-54. [PMID: 26848218 PMCID: PMC4737835 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is characterized by uncontrolled hyperproliferation, aberrant differentiation, and dermal infiltration of immune cells. Recent studies have reported that Wnt5a and Notch1 signaling are altered in psoriatic skin lesions. Objective We aimed to investigate the interaction of Wnt5a with Notch 1 with respect to inflammation-mediated epidermal hyperproliferation in psoriasis. Methods Expression of Wnt5a and Notch1 signaling-related proteins were examined in psoriatic skin biopsies. Wnt5a was upregulated in human keratinocytes by treating the cells with its recombinant form (rWnt5a). Results In psoriatic lesions, expression of Wnt5a increased while that of Notch1 decreased when compared to that in non-lesional and normal skin. Treatment with rWnt5a increased the proliferation of keratinocytes and increased their secretion of interleukin (IL)-23, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Further, exposure of keratinocytes to IL-1α, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-α, and interferon-γ downregulated Notch1 as well as HES 1, which is downstream to Notch1, but increased the Wnt5a levels. The upregulated Wnt5a in keratinocytes downregulated both Notch1 and HES1. Conclusion Our data suggest that Wnt5a and Notch1 signaling exert counteracting influences on each other and are involved, in part, in the pathomechanism of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yun J, Espinoza I, Pannuti A, Romero D, Martinez L, Caskey M, Stanculescu A, Bocchetta M, Rizzo P, Band V, Band H, Kim HM, Park SK, Kang KW, Avantaggiati ML, Gomez CR, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. p53 Modulates Notch Signaling in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Associating With the Notch Transcriptional Complex Via MAML1. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3115-27. [PMID: 26033683 PMCID: PMC4549197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
p53 and Notch-1 play important roles in breast cancer biology. Notch-1 inhibits p53 activity in cervical and breast cancer cells. Conversely, p53 inhibits Notch activity in T-cells but stimulates it in human keratinocytes. Notch co-activator MAML1 binds p53 and functions as a p53 co-activator. We studied the regulation of Notch signaling by p53 in MCF-7 cells and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Results show that overexpression of p53 or activation of endogenous p53 with Nutlin-3 inhibits Notch-dependent transcriptional activity and Notch target expression in a dose-dependent manner. This effect could be partially rescued by transfection of MAML1 but not p300. Standard and quantitative co-immunoprecipitation experiments readily detected a complex containing p53 and Notch-1 in MCF-7 cells. Formation of this complex was inhibited by dominant negative MAML1 (DN-MAML1) and stimulated by wild-type MAML1. Standard and quantitative far-Western experiments showed a complex including p53, Notch-1, and MAML1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that p53 can associate with Notch-dependent HEY1 promoter and this association is inhibited by DN-MAML1 and stimulated by wild-type MAML1. Our data support a model in which p53 associates with the Notch transcriptional complex (NTC) in a MAML1-dependent fashion, most likely through a p53-MAML1 interaction. In our cellular models, the effect of this association is to inhibit Notch-dependent transcription. Our data suggest that p53-null breast cancers may lack this Notch-modulatory mechanism, and that therapeutic strategies that activate wild-type p53 can indirectly cause inhibition of Notch transcriptional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Yun
- Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Damian Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Luis Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mary Caskey
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Adina Stanculescu
- Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maurizio Bocchetta
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska, Nebraska, USA
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Todd Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pelosi G, Fabbri A, Papotti M, Rossi G, Cavazza A, Righi L, Tamborini E, Perrone F, Settanni G, Busico A, Testi MA, Maisonneuve P, De Braud F, Garassino M, Valeri B, Sonzogni A, Pastorino U. Dissecting Pulmonary Large-Cell Carcinoma by Targeted Next Generation Sequencing of Several Cancer Genes Pushes Genotypic-Phenotypic Correlations to Emerge. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:1560-9. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Iannolo G, Sciuto MR, Buccheri S, Colarossi C, De Maria R, Memeo L, Conaldi PG. Numb Expression Contributes to the Maintenance of an Undifferentiated State in Human Epidermis. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:353-64. [PMID: 25994834 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified epithelium with a stem cell subpopulation in the basal layer that constantly replicates and periodically detaches from the base, undergoing a differentiation process that involves various developmental signals and regulatory pathways. During the last 10 years, a number of studies tried to elucidate the intricate scenario that maintains the epithelial shield during the entire life span. In our study, we investigated the role of Numb in the skin compartment and, in particular, its involvement in stem cell maintenance. Numb expression in the skin compartment was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis. We evaluated Numb expression in primary epithelial cells at various differentiative stages. Moreover, we overexpressed Numb in the isolated population enriched for undifferentiated progenitors to establish its involvement in in vitro differentiation. We demonstrated that Numb in high-proliferating epithelial undifferentiated progenitors contributes to the maintenance of an undifferentiated state. This regulation involves the E3 ligases Itch binding. Moreover, the analysis of a cohort of cutaneous carcinomas showed that Numb is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), where we observed a direct correlation between the expression of Numb and Ki-67. Our data indicate for the first time that Numb is involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated proliferating stem cell pool in the epithelial basal layer and its expression could become a new marker in skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchin Iannolo
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takazawa Y, Ogawa E, Saito R, Uchiyama R, Ikawa S, Uhara H, Okuyama R. Notch down-regulation in regenerated epidermis contributes to enhanced expression of interleukin-36α and suppression of keratinocyte differentiation during wound healing. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:10-9. [PMID: 25982147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling controls a number of cellular processes, including cell fate decisions, proliferation, differentiation, and survival/apoptosis, in multiple tissues. In the epidermis, Notch1 functions as a molecular switch that controls the transition of cells from an undifferentiated state into a differentiated state. OBJECTIVE To clarify the functions of Notch in the regenerated epidermis during wound healing. METHODS Wounds on mouse skin were immunostained. To investigate the functions of Notch, Notch was inhibited in primary keratinocytes by treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor and by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown, and was activated by a recombinant adenovirus approach. RESULTS Notch1 and Notch2 were down-regulated in the regenerated epidermis during wound healing. To clarify the significance of this down-regulation, we examined its effect on expression of the interleukin (IL)-1 family of proinflammatory cytokines because wounds are exposed to pathogens from the outside world. Among the IL-1 family, IL-36α expression was induced by Notch inhibition. This was consistent with the decreased IL-36α expression in Notch-overexpressing keratinocytes. Notch down-regulation in the regenerated epidermis may reinforce defense against stress from the outside world by inducing IL-36α expression. Next, we examined the effects of Notch down-regulation on keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Notch down-regulation did not alter keratinocyte proliferation. On the other hand, Notch1 down-regulation suppressed induction of spinous layer-specific keratins (keratin1 and keratin10) in keratinocytes, which was consistent with the decreased expression of these keratins in the regenerated epidermis. The reduced levels of these keratins would increase cellular flexibility. CONCLUSION Notch down-regulation in the epidermis appears to contribute to tissue regeneration during wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Eisaku Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Rumiko Saito
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikawa
- Department of Project Programs, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antonini D, Sirico A, Aberdam E, Ambrosio R, Campanile C, Fagoonee S, Altruda F, Aberdam D, Brissette JL, Missero C. A composite enhancer regulates p63 gene expression in epidermal morphogenesis and in keratinocyte differentiation by multiple mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:862-74. [PMID: 25567987 PMCID: PMC4333422 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p63 is a crucial regulator of epidermal development, but its transcriptional control has remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of a long-range enhancer (p63LRE) that is composed of two evolutionary conserved modules (C38 and C40), acting in concert to control tissue- and layer-specific expression of the p63 gene. Both modules are in an open and active chromatin state in human and mouse keratinocytes and in embryonic epidermis, and are strongly bound by p63. p63LRE activity is dependent on p63 expression in embryonic skin, and also in the commitment of human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an epithelial cell fate. A search for other transcription factors involved in p63LRE regulation revealed that the CAAT enhancer binding proteins Cebpa and Cebpb and the POU domain-containing protein Pou3f1 repress p63 expression during keratinocyte differentiation by binding the p63LRE enhancer. Collectively, our data indicate that p63LRE is composed of additive and partly redundant enhancer modules that act to direct robust p63 expression selectively in the basal layer of the epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sirico
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Edith Aberdam
- INSERM UMR-S 976, Paris, France Université Paris-Diderot, Hopital St-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR), c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM UMR-S 976, Paris, France Université Paris-Diderot, Hopital St-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Janice L Brissette
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peng Y, Xuan M, Leung VYL, Cheng B. Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:8-21. [PMID: 25446806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ and it is able to self-repair throughout an individual's life. With advanced age, skin is prone to degenerate in response to damage. Although cosmetic surgery has been widely adopted to rejuvinate skin, we are far from a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for skin aging. Recently, adult skin-resident stem/progenitor cells, growth arrest, senescence or apoptotic death and dysfunction caused by alterations in key signaling genes, such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt-kinases, Wnt, p21 and p53, have been shown to play a vital role in skin regeneration. Simultaneously, enhanced telomere attrition, hormone exhaustion, oxidative stress, genetic events and ultraviolet radiation exposure that result in severe DNA damage, genomic instability and epigenetic mutations also contribute to skin aging. Therefore, cell replacement and targeting of the molecular systems found in skin hold great promise for controlling or even curing skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Min Xuan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakajima R, Takeda S. Efficient fabrication of epidermal cell sheets using γ-secretase inhibitor. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 76:246-54. [PMID: 25445926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal cell sheets have been utilized for regeneration of skin when skin defects occur and prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection. To reduce the cost of cultivation, a novel culture method to shorten a culture process needs to be developed. OBJECTIVES To shorten a culture process of epidermal cell sheets, we developed a novel culture method to accelerate the fabrication of epidermal cell sheets using γ-secretase inhibitor. METHODS Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were cultured using γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, during expansion of the cells to confluence and culture without DAPT during stratification. The cell growth, quantitative gene expression of stem/progenitor or differentiation markers, and protein expression of these markers were analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the novel method. RESULTS The proliferation of NHEKs on cell-culture inserts was promoted using DAPT. However, NHEKs were not stratified completely in the presence of DAPT. In contrast, NHEKs cultured using DAPT were stratified and differentiated by eliminating the inhibitor after the cells reached confluence. Real-time PCR analyses showed that the gene expressions of putative epithelial stem/progenitor cell markers and epidermis differentiation markers in the cell sheets fabricated using this novel method were significantly higher than those in the cell sheets fabricated without DAPT. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that it was possible to fabricate well-differentiated epidermal cell sheets efficiently by the novel culture method. The culture period was shortened to 67% of the time required for the control group. In feeder-free conditions, stratified epidermal cell sheets were also fabricated using DAPT. CONCLUSIONS The novel culture method using γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, was found to be effective for fabricating epidermal cell sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakajima
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 2520 Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
| | - Shizu Takeda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., 2520 Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rooney P, Connolly M, Gao W, McCormick J, Biniecka M, Sullivan O, Kirby B, Sweeney C, Molloy E, Markham T, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Notch-1 mediates endothelial cell activation and invasion in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:113-8. [PMID: 24330353 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Notch receptor-ligand interactions are critical for cell proliferation, differentiation and survival; however, the role of Notch signalling in psoriasis remains to be elucidated. Serum amyloid A (A-SAA) is an acute-phase protein with cytokine-like properties, regulates cell survival pathways and is implicated in many inflammatory conditions. To examine the role of Notch-1 signalling in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, Notch-1, DLL-4, Jagged-1, Hrt-1/Hrt-2, A-SAA, Factor VIII and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and/or protein expression in psoriasis skin biopsies, serum and dHMVEC were assessed by immunohistology, dual-immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, ELISA and Western blotting. A-SAA-induced angiogenesis and invasion in the presence of Notch-1 siRNA was assessed by matrigel tube formation assays and Transwell invasion assay. Increased Notch-1, its ligand DLL-4 and Hrt-1 expression were demonstrated in lesional skin compared with non-lesional skin, with greatest expression observed in the dermal vasculature (P < 0.05). Dual-immunofluorescent staining demonstrated co-localization of Notch-1 to endothelial cell marker Factor VIII. A significant increase in A-SAA levels was demonstrated in psoriasis serum compared with healthy control serum (P < 0.05), and A-SAA expression was higher in lesional skin compared with non-lesional. In dHMVEC, A-SAA significantly induced Jagged-1, Hrt-1 and VEGF mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and activated Notch-1 IC indicative of transcriptional regulation. In contrast, A-SAA significantly inhibited DLL-4 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Finally A-SAA-induced angiogenesis and invasion were inhibited by Notch-1 siRNA (P < 0.05). Notch receptor-ligand interactions mediate vascular dysfunction in psoriasis and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peadar Rooney
- Department of Rheumatology, Dublin Academic Medical Centre and the Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ota T, Takekoshi S, Takagi T, Kitatani K, Toriumi K, Kojima T, Kato M, Ikoma N, Mabuchi T, Ozawa A. Notch signaling may be involved in the abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes in psoriasis. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2014; 47:175-83. [PMID: 25392571 PMCID: PMC4164705 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of each keratin isoform differs among epidermal layers. Proliferating basal cells synthesize keratin 14 (K14) and suprabasal cells express keratin 10 (K10) in normal skin. Notch signaling is essential for keratinocyte differentiation. Notch1 is expressed in all epidermal layers, Notch2 in the basal cell layer and Notch3 in basal cell and spinous cell layers in normal epidermis. It has been poorly elucidated how localization and expression levels of Notch molecules are related to epidermal molecular markers K10 and K14 in psoriatic skin with abnormal differentiation of epidermal tissue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal differentiation of epidermal cells in psoriatic skin and expression of Notch molecules. We investigated keratins (K14 and K10) and Notches (1, 2, 3 and 4) using immunohistochemistry in psoriatic skin (n=30) and normal skin (n=10). In normal skin, K14 and K10 were discretely observed in the basal cell layer and suprabasal layer, respectively. In psoriatic skin, K14 was expressed in the pan epidermal layer while it and K10 were co-expressed in some middle suprabasal layer cells. Notch1, 2, 3, and 4 localized in all epidermal layers in normal skin. In psoriatic skin, Notch1, 2, and 4 mainly localized in suprabasilar layers and Notch3 is lacalized in pan epidermal, suprabasilar, and basilar layers. Protein and mRNA of Notch1, 2, and 3 isoforms decreased in psoriatic epidermis compared with normal epidermis. These data suggest that decrements in these Notch molecules might cause aberrant expression of K10 and K14 leading to anomalous differentiation of the epidermis in psoriatic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tami Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Susumu Takekoshi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kanae Kitatani
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Kentaro Toriumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoko Kojima
- Department of Dermatology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Masayuki Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Norihiro Ikoma
- Department of Dermatology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chin SS, Romano RA, Nagarajan P, Sinha S, Garrett-Sinha LA. Aberrant epidermal differentiation and disrupted ΔNp63/Notch regulatory axis in Ets1 transgenic mice. Biol Open 2013; 2:1336-45. [PMID: 24337118 PMCID: PMC3863418 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Ets1 is expressed at low levels in epidermal keratinocytes under physiological conditions, but is over-expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously showed that over-expression of Ets1 in differentiated keratinocytes of the skin leads to significant pro-tumorigenic alterations. Here, we further extend these studies by testing the effects of over-expressing Ets1 in the proliferative basal keratinocytes of the skin, which includes the putative epidermal stem cells. We show that induction of the Ets1 transgene in the basal layer of skin during embryogenesis results in epidermal hyperplasia and impaired differentiation accompanied by attenuated expression of spinous and granular layer markers. A similar hyper-proliferative skin phenotype was observed when the transgene was induced in the basal layer of the skin of adult mice leading to hair loss and open sores. The Ets1-mediated phenotype is accompanied by a variety of changes in gene expression including alterations in Notch signaling, a crucial mediator of normal skin differentiation. Finally, we show that Ets1 disrupts Notch signaling in part via its ability to upregulate ΔNp63, an established transcriptional repressor of several of the Notch receptors. Given the established tumor suppressive role for Notch signaling in skin tumorigenesis, the demonstrated ability of Ets1 to interfere with this signaling pathway may be important in mediating its pro-tumorigenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shien Chin
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kushibiki T, Hirasawa T, Okawa S, Ishihara M. Regulation of miRNA expression by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13542-58. [PMID: 23807510 PMCID: PMC3742202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of laser therapy, including low-level laser therapy (LLLT), phototherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been proven to be beneficial and relatively less invasive therapeutic modalities for numerous diseases and disease conditions. Using specific types of laser irradiation, specific cellular activities can be induced. Because multiple cellular signaling cascades are simultaneously activated in cells exposed to lasers, understanding the molecular responses within cells will aid in the development of laser therapies. In order to understand in detail the molecular mechanisms of LLLT and PDT-related responses, it will be useful to characterize the specific expression of miRNAs and proteins. Such analyses will provide an important source for new applications of laser therapy, as well as for the development of individualized treatments. Although several miRNAs should be up- or down-regulated upon stimulation by LLLT, phototherapy and PDT, very few published studies address the effect of laser therapy on miRNA expression. In this review, we focus on LLLT, phototherapy and PDT as representative laser therapies and discuss the effects of these therapies on miRNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pelosi G, Rossi G, Cavazza A, Righi L, Maisonneuve P, Barbareschi M, Graziano P, Pastorino U, Garassino M, de Braud F, Papotti M. ΔNp63 (p40) distribution inside lung cancer: a driver biomarker approach to tumor characterization. Int J Surg Pathol 2013; 21:229-39. [PMID: 23486764 DOI: 10.1177/1066896913476750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63 (henceforth simply p40) is a squamous/basal-type biomarker corresponding to nontransactivating (non-TA) isoforms of p63 gene. Its prospective relevance as driver biomarker in lung cancer has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In all, 72 adenocarcinomas (ADs), 27 squamous cell carcinomas (SQCs), 13 pleomorphic carcinomas (PLCs), 10 small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs), 5 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs), 5 adenosquamous carcinomas (ADSQCs), 3 large-cell carcinomas with basaloid features (B-LCC), 2 carcinoids, 2 carcinosarcomas (CS), 2 salivary-gland type tumors (SGTTs) of the lung, and 5 pleural malignant epithelioid mesotheliomas (MEMs) were prospectively diagnosed by morphology and verified by immunohistochemistry for p40, p63, and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1). Histological scores (HS) were devised by multiplying the percentage of immunoreactive cells (0 to 100%) by immunostaining intensity (low = 1 vs strong = 2, according to internal controls). There was a nonrandom distribution of p40 across the diverse tumor groups and cell differentiation lineages, with p40-HS > 100 closely paralleling squamous or myoepithelial carcinomas (SQC, B-LCC, SQC-containing PLC, ADSQC with predominant SQC, SGTT), and p40-HS ≤ 10 pinpointing AD, AD-containing PLC, or CS and neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. At variance, p63-HS was significantly higher than p40 in AD (P < .0001) and NE tumors (P = .0156), with positive predictive value being 83% and 95% and overall accuracy being 95% and 99%, respectively. Also, TTF1 was shared by gland-differentiated and NE tumors. MEM cases were always negative for all biomarkers. The HS-guided assessment of p40 allowed an effective orientation among thoracic malignancies at the level of individual tumor patients thereby contributing to prospectively realize a driver, holistic approach to cancer characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Diagnostica e Laboratorio, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori e Università degli Studi, Via G. Venezian, 1, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brown AF, Sirohi D, Fukuoka J, Cagle PT, Policarpio-Nicolas M, Tacha D, Jagirdar J. Tissue-preserving antibody cocktails to differentiate primary squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma of lung. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1274-81. [PMID: 23289761 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0635-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT With the availability of cell type-specific therapies, differentiating primary lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and adenocarcinomas (ACAs) has become important. The limitations of small sample size and the need to conserve tissue for additional molecular studies necessitate the use of sensitive and specific marker panels on a single slide. OBJECTIVE To distinguish SCC from ACA and small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of lung using 2 novel tissue-conserving cocktails. DESIGN We compared two antibody cocktails, desmoglein 3 + cytokeratin 5/napsin A and p40/thyroid transcription factor 1 (Biocare Medical, Concord, California) in diagnosing SCC and ACA of the lung on tissue microarray, cytology, and surgical specimens. Both lung and nonlung tissue were evaluated on an 1150-core tissue microarray that contained 200 lung cancers. A microarray of 35 SmCCs and 5 small cell SCCs was also evaluated. RESULTS A cocktail of desmoglein 3 + cytokeratin 5/napsin A provided diagnostic accuracy in lung cancers with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in SCCs and a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100% in ACAs. A p40/thyroid transcription factor 1 cocktail showed p40 to have a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 93% in SCCs, whereas thyroid transcription factor 1 had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 77% in ACAs. Cell blocks of fine-needle aspiration cytology compared with corresponding surgical (n = 20) specimens displayed similar findings. The p40 was useful in differentiating bladder from prostate carcinoma with 88% sensitivity. Isolated carcinomas from nonlung tissues were desmoglein 3 + cytokeratin 5 positive. Napsin A was positive in 22% of renal tumors as previously observed. Both cocktails were excellent in differentiating SmCCs and small cell SCCs because none of the SmCCs stained with p40. CONCLUSIONS Both antibody cocktails are excellent in differentiating primary lung ACA from SCC, as well as excluding SmCC and ACAs from all other sites on small specimens. A cocktail of desmoglein 3 + cytokeratin 5/napsin A is slightly superior compared with p40/thyroid transcription factor 1 cocktail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan F Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wray H, Mackenzie IC, Storey A, Navsaria H. α6 Integrin and CD44 enrich for a primary keratinocyte population that displays resistance to UV-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46968. [PMID: 23071680 PMCID: PMC3468583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal human keratinocytes are exposed to a wide range of environmental genotoxic insults, including the UV component of solar radiation. Epidermal homeostasis in response to cellular or tissue damage is maintained by a population of keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) that reside in the basal layer of the epithelium. Using cell sorting based on cell-surface markers, we have identified a novel α6 integrinhigh+/CD44+ sub-population of basal keratinocytes. These α6 integrinhigh+/CD44+ keratinocytes have both high proliferative potential, form colonies in culture that have characteristics of holoclones and have a unique pattern of resistance to apoptosis induced by UVB radiation or by agents that induce single- or double strand DNA breaks. Resistance to UVB induced apoptosis in the α6 integrinhigh+/CD44+ cells involved increased expression of TAp63 and was overcome by PI-3 kinase inhibition. In marked contrast, the α6 integrinhigh+/CD44+ cells were sensitive to apoptosis induced by the cross-linking agent cisplatin, and imatinib inhibition of c-Abl blocked the ability of cisplatin to kill α6 integrinhigh+/CD44+ cells. Our findings reveal a population of basal keratinocytes with long-term proliferative properties that display specific patterns of apoptotic resistance that is dependent upon the genotoxic stimulus, and provide insights into how these cells can be targeted with chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wray
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. Mackenzie
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Storey
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (WIMM), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harshad Navsaria
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Agrawal N, Jiao Y, Bettegowda C, Hutfless SM, Wang Y, David S, Cheng Y, Twaddell WS, Latt NL, Shin EJ, Wang LD, Wang L, Yang W, Velculescu VE, Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Meltzer SJ. Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2012; 2:899-905. [PMID: 22877736 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks sixth in cancer death. To explore its genetic origins, we conducted exomic sequencing on 11 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and 12 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) from the United States. Interestingly, inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 were identified in 21% of ESCCs but not in EACs. There was a substantial disparity in the spectrum of mutations, with more indels in ESCCs, A:T>C:G transversions in EACs, and C:G>G:C transversions in ESCCs (P < 0.0001). Notably, NOTCH1 mutations were more frequent in North American ESCCs (11 of 53 cases) than in ESCCs from China (1 of 48 cases). A parallel analysis found that most mutations in EACs were already present in matched Barrett esophagus. These discoveries highlight key genetic differences between EACs and ESCCs and between American and Chinese ESCCs, and suggest that NOTCH1 is a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus. Finally, we provide a genetic basis for the evolution of EACs from Barrett esophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Agrawal
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Opposing functions of Fbxw7 in keratinocyte growth, differentiation and skin tumorigenesis mediated through negative regulation of c-Myc and Notch. Oncogene 2012; 32:1921-32. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
ΔNp63 (p40) and thyroid transcription factor-1 immunoreactivity on small biopsies or cellblocks for typing non-small cell lung cancer: a novel two-hit, sparing-material approach. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:281-90. [PMID: 22071786 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31823815d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer on biopsy/cellblock samples by morphology may be demanding. As sparing material for molecular testing is mandatory, a minimalist immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based diagnostic approach is warranted by means of novel, reliable, and easy-to-assess biomarkers. METHODS Forty-six consecutive biopsy/cellblock samples and the corresponding resection specimens (as the gold standard for morphology and IHC) from 30 adenocarcinomas (AD), 10 squamous carcinomas (SQC), 5 adenosquamous carcinomas (ADSQC), and 1 sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) were IHC-evaluated for p40 [corresponding to nontransactivating ΔNp63 isoforms] and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1) by semiquantitative assessment. For p40, also immunodecoration intensity was taken into account and dichotomized as strong or low. RESULTS Nonrandom and overlapping distributions of the relevant markers were found in biopsy/cellblock and surgical specimens, which closely correlated with each other and the diverse tumor categories, with no differences in area under curve-receiver-operating-characteristic curves for each marker between any two samples, including p40 and p63. Diagnostic combinations were p40-/TTF1+ or TTF1- for AD (where p40 was negative, apart from 5/30 AD showing at the best 1-2% tumor cells with low intensity); p40+/TTF1- (p40 strong and by far higher than 50%) for SQC; and p40+/TTF1+ or p40+/TTF1- (p40 strong and less than 50%) for ADSQC. The single SC case was p40-/TTF1-, suggesting glandular lineage. Practically, 41/46 (89%) tumors were correctly classified by IHC on small samples, including 30 AD, 10 SQC, 1/5 ADSQC, and no SC. Underdiagnosis of ADSQC was actually because of sampling error of biopsies/cellblocks rather than insufficient biomarker robustness, whereas underdiagnosis of SC was really because of the failure of either marker to highlight epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS This minimalist IHC-based model of p40 and TTF1 on biopsy/cellblock samples was effective to correctly subtype most cases of lung cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Matsuura T, Kawata VKS, Nagoshi H, Tomooka Y, Sasaki K, Ikawa S. Regulation of proliferation and differentiation of mouse tooth germ epithelial cells by distinct isoforms of p51/p63. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1108-15. [PMID: 22440406 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES p51/p63 gene, one of the p53 families, is specifically expressed in tooth germ epithelial cells and is essential for tooth development. This study aims to elucidate roles of p51/p63 in ameloblastic cell differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined expression pattern of each of p51/p63 isoforms by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting using emtg (epithelium of molar tooth germ)-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 cell lines established from a mandibular molar tooth germ of p53-deficient mice and SF2 cells which differentiates into ameloblasts upon exposure to NT4. Furthermore, we investigated the function of p51/p63 in these cells by Tet system, which enables inducible expression and knock down of the target genes of interest by exposing cells to doxycycline. RESULTS The expression of ΔNp51B/ΔNp63α, an isoform without transactivation domain, was detected at high level in immature cells, while the expression of TAp51/TAp63 isoforms, isoforms of with the transactivation domain, was detected at high level in mature cells. Moreover, induction of TAp51A/TAp63γ expression led to down-regulation of ΔNp51B/ΔNp63α expression and cell proliferation. Interestingly, this also led to up-regulation of ameloblastin expression, a differentiation marker of amelogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that p51/p63 might regulate the cell proliferation and differentiation of tooth germ epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuura
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stransky N, Egloff AM, Tward AD, Kostic AD, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Kryukov GV, Lawrence M, Sougnez C, McKenna A, Shefler E, Ramos AH, Stojanov P, Carter SL, Voet D, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Berger MF, Saksena G, Guiducci C, Onofrio R, Parkin M, Romkes M, Weissfeld JL, Seethala RR, Wang L, Rangel-Escareño C, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Melendez-Zajgla J, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Meyerson M, Lander ES, Getz G, Golub TR, Garraway LA, Grandis JR. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Science 2011; 333:1157-60. [PMID: 21798893 PMCID: PMC3415217 DOI: 10.1126/science.1208130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1912] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common, morbid, and frequently lethal malignancy. To uncover its mutational spectrum, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 74 tumor-normal pairs. The majority exhibited a mutational profile consistent with tobacco exposure; human papillomavirus was detectable by sequencing DNA from infected tumors. In addition to identifying previously known HNSCC genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN, PIK3CA, and HRAS), our analysis revealed many genes not previously implicated in this malignancy. At least 30% of cases harbored mutations in genes that regulate squamous differentiation (for example, NOTCH1, IRF6, and TP63), implicating its dysregulation as a major driver of HNSCC carcinogenesis. More generally, the results indicate the ability of large-scale sequencing to reveal fundamental tumorigenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stransky
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aaron D. Tward
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory V. Kryukov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Lawrence
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erica Shefler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex H. Ramos
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott L. Carter
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Voet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria L Cortés
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Gordon Saksena
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Candace Guiducci
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert Onofrio
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Parkin
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marjorie Romkes
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Joel L. Weissfeld
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Raja R. Seethala
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Winckler
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kristin Ardlie
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Todd R. Golub
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Levi A. Garraway
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Induction of ΔNp63 by the newly identified keratinocyte-specific transforming growth factor β Signaling Pathway with Smad2 and IκB Kinase α in squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2011; 12:969-79. [PMID: 21170261 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression of p63 (TP63/p51) occurs in the basal cells of stratified epithelia and is strongly enhanced at the early stages of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck, skin, cervix, and others. We analyzed a promoter/enhancer region (2kΔN) that drives the predominant expression of ΔNp63 for sensitivity to Smad signaling pathways. Reporter assays in HepG2 cells showed a moderate activation of 2kΔN by Smad2 and IκB kinase α (IKKα), partners of the newly identified keratinocyte-specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, but not by other Smad molecules. In A431 cells, 2kΔN was activated by Smad2 and IKKα, for which a Smad binding element (SMD2) at -204 was essential. Binding of Smad2 to the chromosomal SMD2 site was detectable. The association of Smad2 with IKKα was evident in the nucleus of A431, accounting for the enhancement of ΔNp63 expression by TGF-β. Moreover, both ΔNp63 and IKKα were necessary to maintain the noninvasive phenotype of this cell line. FaDu, an invasive, Smad4-deficient SCC, also allowed 2kΔN transactivation by transfected Smad2 in the presence of endogenous IKKα. Reflecting the lack of chromosomal SMD2-Smad2 association and the absence of nuclear IKKα, however, endogenous ΔNp63 was not controlled by TGF-β or IKKα in FaDu. SCC tissue arrays showed nuclear accumulation of IKKα and p63 intensification in well-differentiated noninvasive lesions. This study indicates that p63 is a target gene of the proposed keratinocyte-specific TGF-β signal pathway for suppression of the malignant conversion of SCC.
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of p63 in cancer, stem cells and cancer stem cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2011; 16:296-327. [PMID: 21442444 PMCID: PMC6275999 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-011-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 has important functions in tumorigenesis, epidermal differentiation and stem cell self-renewal. The TP63 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms that have different or even antagonistic roles in these processes. The balance of p63 isoforms, together with the presence or absence of the other p53 family members, p73 and p53, has a striking biological impact. There is increasing evidence that interactions between p53-family members, whether cooperative or antagonistic, are involved in various cell processes. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of p63 in tumorigenesis, metastasis, cell migration and senescence. In particular, recent data indicate important roles in adult stem cell and cancer stem cell regulation and in the response of cancer cells to therapy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Epidermal FABP (FABP5) Regulates Keratinocyte Differentiation by 13(S)-HODE-Mediated Activation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:604-12. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
41
|
Pinchot SN, Jaskula-Sztul R, Ning L, Peters NR, Cook MR, Kunnimalaiyaan M, Chen H. Identification and validation of Notch pathway activating compounds through a novel high-throughput screening method. Cancer 2010; 117:1386-98. [PMID: 21425138 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoids are neuroendocrine (NE) tumors with limited treatment options. Notch activation has been shown to suppress growth and hormone production in carcinoid cells. METHODS The purpose of this study was to provide a process for identifying Notch activating compounds via high-throughput screening (HTS) and to validate the effects of the strongest hit from the 7264 compounds analyzed: resveratrol (RESV). RESULTS Treatment of carcinoid cells with RESV resulted in up-regulation of the Notch signaling pathway as measured by suppression of its downstream target achaete-scute complex-like 1. Luciferase reporter assays incorporating the centromere-binding factor 1 binding site also confirmed the functional activity of RESV-induced Notch. Because activation of the Notch pathway has been shown to suppress carcinoid proliferation, RESV treatment of carcinoid cells led to a dose-dependent inhibition of cellular growth. Immunoblotting revealed phosphorylation of cdc2 (Tyr15) and up-regulation of p21Cip1/Waf, markers of cell cycle arrest, with RESV treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed the mechanism of RESV-induced growth inhibition is S phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, because Notch has been shown to inhibit bioactive hormone production from NE tumors, RESV also suppressed expression of the NE peptides/hormones chromogranin A and serotonin. RNA interference assays demonstrated that the hormone suppressing capacity of RESV was due to up-regulation of the Notch2 isoform. CONCLUSIONS HTS can be used to identify novel Notch activating compounds, which may have the potential to suppress carcinoid tumor growth and the associated endocrinopathies. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Pinchot
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery and the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Margadant C, Charafeddine RA, Sonnenberg A. Unique and redundant functions of integrins in the epidermis. FASEB J 2010; 24:4133-52. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-151449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Coert Margadant
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell BiologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okada S, Muto A, Ogawa E, Nakanome A, Katoh Y, Ikawa S, Aiba S, Igarashi K, Okuyama R. Bach1-dependent and -independent regulation of heme oxygenase-1 in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23581-9. [PMID: 20501657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.068197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bach1 is a member of the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family, and the Bach1/small Maf heterodimer specifically represses transcriptional activity directed by the Maf recognition element (MARE). Because Bach1 is a repressor of the oxidative stress response, we examined the function(s) of Bach1 in keratinocytes subjected to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2) led to an increase in MARE activity and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible antioxidant defense enzyme. Bach1 depletion by small interfering RNAs or by deletion of Bach1 enhanced HO-1 expression in the absence of H(2)O(2), indicating that Bach1 is a critical repressor of HO-1 in keratinocytes. Although Bach1-deficient or -reduced keratinocytes expressed higher levels of HO-1 than control cells in response to H(2)O(2), Bach1 down-regulation did not attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species by H(2)O(2). In contrast, Bach1 overexpression abolished HO-1 induction by H(2)O(2), which led to increased reactive oxygen species accumulation. HO-1 was induced during keratinocyte differentiation, but MARE activity did not change during differentiation. Furthermore, Bach1 overexpression did not inhibit differentiation-associated induction of HO-1 expression, suggesting that HO-1 induction in differentiation is independent of Bach1. Thus, in response to oxidative stress, Bach1 regulates the oxidation state through the negative control of HO-1 expression prior to terminal keratinocyte differentiation. However, Bach1-mediated repression is negated during keratinocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Okada
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fotheringham JA, Mazzucca S, Raab-Traub N. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-2A-induced DeltaNp63alpha expression is associated with impaired epithelial-cell differentiation. Oncogene 2010; 29:4287-96. [PMID: 20498633 PMCID: PMC2912443 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic γ-herpes virus associated with malignancies that develop in both lymphoid and epithelial cells including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The EBV protein latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is expressed in NPC and can modulate epithelial proliferation, transformation, and differentiation, and as such, may promote malignancy. A key regulator of epithelial cell differentiation is the transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family. This study examines the potential contribution of p63 to LMP2A-mediated inhibition of epithelial differentiation. Stable expression of LMP2A increased the protein level and stability of the ΔNp63α isoform, and in two epithelial cell lines, LMP2A interacted with ΔNp63α under stable and transient expression systems. LMP2A and ΔNp63α were localized to the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane and co-immunoprecipitated in the same fractions. Following induction of epithelial cell differentiation by calcium, expression of differentiation markers was impaired in both ΔNp63α and LMP2 expressing cells. Induction of p63α, association of p63α with LMP2A, and impairment of differentiation required the PY and ITAM signaling motif of LMP2A. By associating with and being regulated by LMP2A,ΔNp63α may function as a unique regulator of LMP2A effects on epithelial differentiation and contribute to EBV-associated epithelial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Fotheringham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yugawa T, Narisawa-Saito M, Yoshimatsu Y, Haga K, Ohno SI, Egawa N, Fujita M, Kiyono T. DeltaNp63alpha repression of the Notch1 gene supports the proliferative capacity of normal human keratinocytes and cervical cancer cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4034-44. [PMID: 20442293 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p63 is a master regulator of epithelial development. One of its isoforms, DeltaNp63alpha, is predominantly expressed in the basal cells of stratified epithelia and plays a fundamental role in control of regenerative potential and epithelial integrity. In contrast to p53, p63 is rarely mutated in human cancers, but it is frequently overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, its functional relevance to tumorigenesis remains largely unclear. We previously identified the Notch1 gene as a novel transcriptional target of p53. Here, we show that DeltaNp63alpha functions as a transcriptional repressor of the Notch1 gene through the p53-responsive element. Knockdown of p63 caused upregulation of Notch1 expression and marked reduction in proliferation and clonogenicity of both normal human keratinocytes and cervical cancer cell lines overexpressing DeltaNp63alpha. Concomitant silencing of Notch1 significantly rescued this phenotype, indicating the growth defect induced by p63 deficiency to be, at least in part, attributable to Notch1 function. Conversely, overexpression of DeltaNp63alpha decreased basal levels of Notch1, increased proliferative potential of normal human keratinocytes, and inhibited both p53-dependent and p53-independent induction of Notch1 and differentiation markers upon genotoxic stress and serum exposure, respectively. These results suggest that DeltaNp63alpha maintains the self-renewing capacity of normal human keratinocytes and cervical cancer cells partly through transcriptional repression of the Notch1 gene and imply a novel pathogenetical significance of frequently observed overexpression of DeltaNp63alpha together with p53 inactivation in SCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yugawa
- Virology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dose-dependent induction of distinct phenotypic responses to Notch pathway activation in mammary epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:5012-7. [PMID: 20194747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000896107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Notch receptors has been implicated in breast cancer; however, the mechanisms contributing to Notch-dependent transformation remain elusive because Notch displays dichotomous functional activities, promoting both proliferation and growth arrest. We investigated the cellular basis for the heterogeneous responses to Notch pathway activation in 3D cultures of MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. Expression of a constitutively active Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD) was found to induce two distinct types of 3D structures: large, hyperproliferative structures and small, growth-arrested structures with reduced cell-to-matrix adhesion. Interestingly, we found that these heterogeneous phenotypes reflect differences in Notch pathway activation levels; high Notch activity caused down-regulation of multiple matrix-adhesion genes and inhibition of proliferation, whereas low Notch activity maintained matrix adhesion and provoked a strong hyperproliferative response. Moreover, microarray analyses implicated NICD-induced p63 down-regulation in loss of matrix adhesion. In addition, a reverse-phase protein array-based analysis and subsequent loss-of-function studies identified STAT3 as a dominant downstream mediator of the NICD-induced outgrowth. These results indicate that the phenotypic responses to Notch are determined by the dose of pathway activation; and this dose affects the balance between growth-stimulative and growth-suppressive effects. This unique feature of Notch signaling provides insights into mechanisms that contribute to the dichotomous effects of Notch during development and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Chilosi M, Murer B. Mixed Adenocarcinomas of the Lung: Place in New Proposals in Classification, Mandatory for Target Therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:55-65. [DOI: 10.5858/134.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Lung cancer is one of the most frequent and lethal malignant neoplasms, but knowledge regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis is far from complete due to the striking diversity of different forms. The current lung cancer classification (World Health Organization 2004) can efficiently distinguish clinically relevant major subtypes (small cell and non–small cell carcinomas), but its results are partly inadequate when facing prognostic and therapeutic decisions for non–small cell carcinomas, especially for the group of tumors classified as adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by diverse morphologic features and molecular pathogenesis. The category of mixed adenocarcinomas includes most adenocarcinomas (approximately 80%) and, according to World Health Organization criteria, is defined by the occurrence of a mixed array of different patterns (acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, solid with mucin). The histologic recognition of mixed adenocarcinoma is subjective and cannot consistently discriminate between responders and nonresponders to new targeted therapies (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors). Diagnostic problems are mainly related to the poor reproducibility of histologic criteria, especially when applied in small biopsies and cytology, and to the difficulty in assigning each form to a precisely defined entity, as needed by updated therapeutic approaches. In this evolving scenario, pathologists face new challenging diagnostic roles that include not only the precise morphologic definition of carcinoma subtypes but also their molecular characterization.
Objective.—To use a comprehensive critical analysis reconciling the overwhelming variety of biologic, morphologic, molecular, and clinical data to define new classification schemes for lung adenocarcinoma.
Data Sources.—Scientific literature and personal data were used.
Conclusions.—A new classification approach should redefine lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity reconciling classic morphology, immunophenotypic and molecular features of neoplastic cells, and also relevant information provided by stem cell biology. This approach, which has been already successfully applied in World Health Organization classification of other tumors, could improve the recognition of new reproducible profiles for adenocarcinomas, more closely and reproducibly related to clinical features and response to specific therapies, limiting the use of “wastebasket” categories such as mixed adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy (Dr Chilosi); and the Anatomic Pathology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy (Dr Murer)
| | - Bruno Murer
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy (Dr Chilosi); and the Anatomic Pathology Unit, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Mestre, Italy (Dr Murer)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Welsh IC, O'Brien TP. Signaling integration in the rugae growth zone directs sequential SHH signaling center formation during the rostral outgrowth of the palate. Dev Biol 2009; 336:53-67. [PMID: 19782673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of facial morphology arises from variation in the activity of developmental regulatory networks that guide the formation of specific craniofacial elements. Importantly, the acquisition of novel morphology must be integrated with a phylogenetically inherited developmental program. We have identified a unique region of the secondary palate associated with the periodic formation of rugae during the rostral outgrowth of the face. Rugae function as SHH signaling centers to pattern the elongating palatal shelves. We have found that a network of signaling genes and transcription factors is spatially organized relative to palatal rugae. Additionally, the first formed ruga is strategically positioned at the presumptive junction of the future hard and soft palate that defines anterior-posterior differences in regional growth, mesenchymal gene expression, and cell fate. We propose a molecular circuit integrating FGF and BMP signaling to control proliferation and differentiation during the sequential formation of rugae and inter-rugae domains in the palatal epithelium. The loss of p63 and Sostdc1 expression and failed rugae differentiation highlight that coordinated epithelial-mesenchymal signaling is lost in the Fgf10 mutant palate. Our results establish a genetic program that reiteratively organizes signaling domains to coordinate the growth of the secondary palate with the elongating midfacial complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Welsh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Recent advances on skin-resident stem/progenitor cell functions in skin regeneration, aging and cancers and novel anti-aging and cancer therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:116-34. [PMID: 19725922 PMCID: PMC2916233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cell research have revealed that these immature and regenerative cells with a high longevity provide critical functions in maintaining skin homeostasis and repair after severe injuries along the lifespan of individuals. The establishment of the functional properties of distinct adult stem/progenitor cells found in skin epidermis and hair follicles and extrinsic signals from their niches, which are deregulated during their aging and malignant transformation, has significantly improved our understanding on the etiopathogenesis of diverse human skin disorders and cancers. Particularly, enhanced ultraviolet radiation exposure, inflammation and oxidative stress and telomere attrition during chronological aging may induce severe DNA damages and genomic instability in the skin-resident stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. These molecular events may result in the alterations in key signalling components controlling their self-renewal and/or regenerative capacities as well as the activation of tumour suppressor gene products that trigger their growth arrest and senescence or apoptotic death. The progressive decline in the regenerative functions and/or number of skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cells may cause diverse skin diseases with advancing age. Moreover, the photoaging, telomerase re-activation and occurrence of different oncogenic events in skin-resident adult stem/progenitor cells may also culminate in their malignant transformation into cancer stem/progenitor cells and skin cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant treatments and stem cell-replacement and gene therapies as well as the molecular targeting of their malignant counterpart, skin cancer-initiating cells offer great promise to treat diverse skin disorders and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Understanding the complexity of cancer depends on an elucidation of the underlying regulatory networks, at the cellular and intercellular levels and in their temporal dimension. This Opinion article focuses on the multilevel crosstalk between the Notch pathway and the p53 and p63 pathways. These two coordinated signalling modules are at the interface of external damaging signals and control of stem cell potential and differentiation. Positive or negative reciprocal regulation of the two pathways can vary with cell type and cancer stage. Therefore, selective or combined targeting of the two pathways could improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|