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Chen ST, Chang KS, Lin WY, Hsu SY, Sung HC, Lin YH, Feng TH, Hou CP, Juang HH. Activating transcription factor 3 is an antitumor gene synergizing with growth differentiation factor 15 to modulate cell growth in human bladder cancer. Biomed J 2024:100756. [PMID: 38942385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functions of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) within the human bladder remain unexplored. This study delves into the expressions, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of ATF3 in human bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gene expressions were determined by immunoblot, RT-qPCR, and reporter assays. Assays of Ki67, colony formation, Matrigel invasion, and the xenograft animal study were used to assess the cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Silico analysis from TCGA database examined the correlations between GDF15 and ATF3 expressions, clinicopathologic features, and progression-free survival rates. RESULTS Silico analysis confirmed that ATF3 is an antitumor gene, and the expression positively correlates with GDF15 in bladder cancer tissues. Multivariate analysis revealed that low ATF3/GDF15 but not a single low expression of ATF3 is an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival of bladder cancer patients. Ectopic overexpression of ATF3 downregulated cell proliferation and invasion in bladder cancer cells in vitro, while ATF3-knockdown reversed these results. Knockdown of ATF3 upregulated EMT markers to enhance cell invasion in vitro and downregulated GDF15, NDRG1, and KAI-1 to elevate tumor growth in vivo. The activation of metformin on ATF3 and GDF15 in bladder cancer cells was blocked by SB431542, a TGFβ receptor inhibitor. ATF3 positively regulated GDF15 expression in bladder cancer cells through a feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify that ATF3 is a metformin-upregulated antitumor gene. Results of Silico analysis align with cell-based studies suggesting that low ATF3/GDF15 could be a negative prognostic marker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syue-Ting Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Shuo Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsia Feng
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Pang Hou
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 33302, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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Gao X, Dan Q, Zhang C, Ding R, Gao E, Luo H, Liu W, Lu C. Pentachloronitrobenzene disturbed murine ventricular wall development by inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation via Hec1 downregulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168917. [PMID: 38030013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the organochlorine fungicide pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) causes developmental abnormalities, including cardiac malformation. However, the molecular mechanism of PCNB cardiotoxicity remains elusive. We found that oral administration of PCNB to pregnant mice induced a hypoplastic wall with significant thinning of the compact myocardium in the developing hearts. PCNB significantly downregulates the expression of Hec1, a member of the NDC80 kinetochore complex, resulting in aberrant spindles, chromosome missegregation and an arrest in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Cardiac-specific ablation of Hec1 sharply inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation, leading to thinning of the compact myocardium and embryonic lethality. Mechanistically, we found that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) transactivates Hec1 expression. Either HEC1 or ATF3 overexpression significantly rescues mitotic defects and restore the decreased proliferative ability of cardiomyocytes caused by PCNB exposure. Our findings highlight that maternal PCNB exposure disrupts embryonic cardiac function by inhibiting cardiomyocyte proliferation and interfering with ventricular wall development, partially attributed to the downregulation of the Atf3-Hec1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Gao
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Dan
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqian Ding
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Erer Gao
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cailing Lu
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Wang W, Xu R, He P, Xiong Y, Zhao H, Fu X, Lin J, Ye L. CircEXOC5 Aggravates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Promoting Ferroptosis Through the IGF2BP2/ATF3 Axis. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:522-534. [PMID: 37647879 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with sepsis resulting in acute lung injury (ALI) usually have increased mortality. Ferroptosis is a vital regulator in sepsis-induced ALI. Exploring the association of ferroptosis and sepsis-induced ALI is crucial for the management of sepsis-induced ALI. METHODS Whole blood was collected from sepsis patients. Mice were treated with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to model sepsis. Primary murine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide as a cell model. Ferroptosis was evaluated by analyzing levels of iron, malonaldehyde, glutathione, nonheme iron, ferroportin, ferritin, and GPX4. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were applied to examine lung injury and collagen deposition. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL assays. Gene regulatory relationship was verified using RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS CircEXOC5 was highly expressed in sepsis patients and CLP-treated mice, in which knockdown alleviated CLP-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury, and ferroptosis. CircEXOC5 recruited IGF2BP2 to degrade ATF3 mRNA. The demethylase ALKBH5 was responsible for circEXOC5 upregulation through demethylation. CircEXOC5 silencing significantly improved sepsis-induced ALI and survival rate of mice by downregulating ATF3. CONCLUSIONS ALKBH5-mediated upregulation of circEXOC5 exacerbates sepsis-induced ALI by facilitating ferroptosis through IGF2BP2 recruitment to degrade ATF3 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Geriatric Medicine Department, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R.China
| | - Rongli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Haomiao Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Xuewei Fu
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
| | - Lijiao Ye
- Department of Emergency, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R.China
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Akshaya RL, Saranya I, Salomi GM, Shanthi P, Ilangovan R, Venkataraman P, Selvamurugan N. In vivo validation of the functional role of MicroRNA-4638-3p in breast cancer bone metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:63. [PMID: 38300343 PMCID: PMC10834561 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal metastases are increasingly reported in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC) patients. We previously reported that TGF-β1 sustains activating transcription factor 3(ATF3) expression and is required for cell proliferation, invasion, and bone metastasis genes. Increasing studies suggest the critical regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in governing BC pathogenesis. TGF-β1 downregulated the expression of miR-4638-3p, which targets ATF3 in human BC cells (MDA-MB-231). In the present study, we aimed to identify the functional role of miR-4638-3p in BC bone metastasis by the caudal artery injection of the MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing mir-4638 in the mice. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-4638 were prepared by stable transfections. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR was carried out to determine the expression of endogenous miR-4638-3p and bone resorption marker genes. X-ray, micro-CT, and Hematoxylin & Eosin studies were used to determine osteolytic lesions, trabecular structure, bone mineral density, and micrometastasis of cells. RESULTS The mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-4638-3p decreased the expression of bone resorption marker genes, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells injection. Reduced osteolytic lesions and restored bone density by MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-4638-3p were observed. Similarly, the mice injected with MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-4638-3p showed a better microarchitecture of the trabecular network. A few abnormal cells seen in the femur of MDA-MB-231 cells-injected mice were not found in MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing miR-4638. CONCLUSION The identified functional role of ATF3 targeting miR-4638-3p in BC bone metastasis in vivo suggests its candidature as BC therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - I Saranya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - G Margaret Salomi
- SRM-DBT Platform, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - P Shanthi
- Department of Pathology, Dr. A.L.M. PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ilangovan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Venkataraman
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Xiao X, Chen M, Sang Y, Xue J, Jiang K, Chen Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Lv W, Li Y, Liu R, Xiao H. Methylation-Mediated Silencing of ATF3 Promotes Thyroid Cancer Progression by Regulating Prognostic Genes in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Thyroid 2023; 33:1441-1454. [PMID: 37742107 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Aberrant expression of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) drives the tumorigenesis and development of thyroid cancer. We investigated the expression and function of a member of the activating transcription factor (ATF)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) transcription factor (TF) family, ATF3, in thyroid cancer. Methods: Data from 80 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and 510 PTC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas thyroid cancer database were utilized for gene expression and prognosis analyses. The survival data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression with adjustment for age, sex, multilocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymph metastases, and history of neoadjuvant treatment. DNA methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR. TFs binding to ATF3 promoter were identified by DNA pull-down combined with mass spectrum assay, and confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR. We conducted functional assays in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model to evaluate the function of ATF3 in thyroid cancer. Integrated analyses based on RNA sequencing, ChIP-seq, and CUT&Tag assays were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the function of ATF3. Results: ATF3 was significantly downregulated in PTC and patients with low ATF3 expression had reduced progression-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.50 [CI 0.26-0.98], p = 0.043). DNA hypermethylation in ATF3 promoter disrupted the binding of SP1 and MYC-MAX, leading to inactivation of the gene. ATF3 functioned as a TSG by inhibiting the proliferation and mobility of thyroid cancer cells. And ATF3 regulated the expression of a number of genes by binding to the regulatory elements of them, particularly for genes in MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Among these target genes, filamin C was positively regulated by ATF3 and associated with a more favorable thyroid cancer prognosis, while dual specificity phosphatase 10, fibronectin-1, tenascin C, and CREB5 were negatively regulated by ATF3 and associated with a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: We observed that the promoter DNA hypermethylation decreased the expression of ATF3, which in turn promoted the progression of thyroid cancer, at least partially, by directly regulating prognosis-related genes in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Sang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rengyun Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Schiffman SS, Scholl EH, Furey TS, Nagle HT. Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: in vitro screening assays. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:307-341. [PMID: 37246822 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate, a structural analog of the artificial sweetener sucralose. Sucralose-6-acetate is an intermediate and impurity in the manufacture of sucralose, and recent commercial sucralose samples were found to contain up to 0.67% sucralose-6-acetate. Studies in a rodent model found that sucralose-6-acetate is also present in fecal samples with levels up to 10% relative to sucralose which suggest that sucralose is also acetylated in the intestines. A MultiFlow® assay, a high-throughput genotoxicity screening tool, and a micronucleus (MN) test that detects cytogenetic damage both indicated that sucralose-6-acetate is genotoxic. The mechanism of action was classified as clastogenic (produces DNA strand breaks) using the MultiFlow® assay. The amount of sucralose-6-acetate in a single daily sucralose-sweetened drink might far exceed the threshold of toxicological concern for genotoxicity (TTCgenotox) of 0.15 µg/person/day. The RepliGut® System was employed to expose human intestinal epithelium to sucralose-6-acetate and sucralose, and an RNA-seq analysis was performed to determine gene expression induced by these exposures. Sucralose-6-acetate significantly increased the expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer with greatest expression for the metallothionein 1 G gene (MT1G). Measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability in human transverse colon epithelium indicated that sucralose-6-acetate and sucralose both impaired intestinal barrier integrity. Sucralose-6-acetate also inhibited two members of the cytochrome P450 family (CYP1A2 and CYP2C19). Overall, the toxicological and pharmacokinetic findings for sucralose-6-acetate raise significant health concerns regarding the safety and regulatory status of sucralose itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Schiffman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Terrence S Furey
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Troy Nagle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Chang YH, Lin H, Li HF, Chen HH, Hung HY. Exploration and biological evaluation of 7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one as an activating transcription factor 3 inducer for managing metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114951. [PMID: 36455354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The induction of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as a promising therapeutic mechanism to overcome metabolic syndrome. Hence, a structure-activity relationship campaign on the chiral lead (1b) was conducted with a scaffold-hopping approach, whereby achiral 7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4-one (16c) was recognized as a potential ATF3 inducer with a lipid-lowering feature in a pre-differentiated 3T3-L1 cell model. Also, in a high-fat diet scenario, mice subjected to 16c demonstrated robust weight loss with shrinkage of the white adipose mass and fewer hypertrophic adipocytes, accompanied by a preferable glycemic profile compared to 1b. Additionally, the biochemical analysis revealed that 16c further ameliorated the liver function and improved the plasma triglyceride profile that were absent from mice treated with 1b. Taken together, 16c shows promise as an ATF3 stimulant for further development to alleviate metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Fen Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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Holland SD, Ramer MS. Microglial activating transcription factor 3 upregulation: An indirect target to attenuate inflammation in the nervous system. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1150296. [PMID: 37033378 PMCID: PMC10076742 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1150296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) is upregulated in reaction to several cellular stressors found in a wide range of pathological conditions to coordinate a transcriptional response. ATF3 was first implicated in the transcriptional reaction to axotomy when its massive upregulation was measured in sensory and motor neuron cell bodies following peripheral nerve injury. It has since been shown to be critical for successful axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and a promising target to mitigate regenerative failure in the central nervous system. However, much of the research to date has focused on ATF3's function in neurons, leaving the expression, function, and therapeutic potential of ATF3 in glia largely unexplored. In the immunology literature ATF3 is seen as a master regulator of the innate immune system. Specifically, in macrophages following pathogen or damage associated molecular pattern receptor activation and subsequent cytokine release, ATF3 upregulation abrogates the inflammatory response. Importantly, ATF3 upregulation is not exclusively due to cellular stress exposure but has been achieved by the administration of several small molecules. In the central nervous system, microglia represent the resident macrophage population and are therefore of immediate interest with respect to ATF3 induction. It is our perspective that the potential of inducing ATF3 expression to dampen inflammatory microglial phenotype represents an unexplored therapeutic target and may have synergistic benefits when paired with concomitant neuronal ATF3 upregulation. This would be of particular benefit in pathologies that involve both detrimental inflammation and neuronal damage including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and stroke.
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Zhang X, Luo Y, Cen Y, Qiu X, Li J, Jie M, Yang S, Qin S. MACC1 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis by interacting with the EMT regulator SNAI1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:923. [PMID: 36333284 PMCID: PMC9636131 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the dominant cause of cancer-related mortality. Metastasis-associated with colon cancer protein 1 (MACC1) has been proven to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the prometastatic role of MACC1 in regulating the pancreatic cancer (PC) metastatic phenotype remains elusive. Here, we report that MACC1 is highly expressed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and tissue microarray (TMA) and identified as a good indicator for poor prognosis. Overexpression or knockdown of MACC1 in PC cells correspondingly promoted or inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in a MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET)-independent manner. Notably, knockdown of MACC1 in PC cells markedly decreased the liver metastatic lesions in a liver metastasis model. Mechanistically, MACC1 binds to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) to drive EMT via upregulating the transcriptional activity of SNAI1, leading to the transactivation of fibronectin 1 (FN1) and the trans-repression of cadherin 1 (CDH1). Collectively, our results unveil a new mechanism by which MACC1 drives pancreatic cancer cell metastasis and suggest that the MACC1-SNAI1 complex-mediated mesenchymal transition may be a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Zhang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Ya Luo
- grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Yu Cen
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xin Qiu
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Mengmeng Jie
- grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shiming Yang
- grid.417298.10000 0004 1762 4928Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Shanyu Qin
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
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Mampre D, Mehkri Y, Rajkumar S, Sriram S, Hernandez J, Lucke-Wold B, Chandra V. Treatment of breast cancer brain metastases: radiotherapy and emerging preclinical approaches. DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 1:25-38. [PMID: 35782783 PMCID: PMC9249118 DOI: 10.55976/dt.1202216523-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The breast is one of the common primary sites of brain metastases (BM). Radiotherapy for BM from breast cancer may include whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), but a consensus is difficult to reach because of the wide and varied protocols, indications, and outcomes of these interventions. Overall, dissemination of disease, patient functional status, and tumor size are all important factors in the decision of treatment with WBRT or SRS. Thus far, previous studies indicate that WBRT can improve tumor control compared to SRS, but increase side effects, however no randomized trials have compared the efficacy of these therapies in BM from breast cancer. Therapies targeting long non-coding RNAs and transcription factors, such as MALAT1, HOTAIR, lnc-BM, TGL1, and ATF3, have the potential to both prevent metastatic spread and treat BM with improved radiosensitivity. Given the propensity for HER2+ breast cancer to develop BM, the above-mentioned cell lines may represent an important target for future investigations, and the development of everolimus and pyrotinib are equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mampre
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yusuf Mehkri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Sai Sriram
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jairo Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Vyshak Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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11
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Gray GK, Li CMC, Rosenbluth JM, Selfors LM, Girnius N, Lin JR, Schackmann RCJ, Goh WL, Moore K, Shapiro HK, Mei S, D'Andrea K, Nathanson KL, Sorger PK, Santagata S, Regev A, Garber JE, Dillon DA, Brugge JS. A human breast atlas integrating single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1400-1420.e7. [PMID: 35617956 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast is a dynamic organ whose response to physiological and pathophysiological conditions alters its disease susceptibility, yet the specific effects of these clinical variables on cell state remain poorly annotated. We present a unified, high-resolution breast atlas by integrating single-cell RNA-seq, mass cytometry, and cyclic immunofluorescence, encompassing a myriad of states. We define cell subtypes within the alveolar, hormone-sensing, and basal epithelial lineages, delineating associations of several subtypes with cancer risk factors, including age, parity, and BRCA2 germline mutation. Of particular interest is a subset of alveolar cells termed basal-luminal (BL) cells, which exhibit poor transcriptional lineage fidelity, accumulate with age, and carry a gene signature associated with basal-like breast cancer. We further utilize a medium-depletion approach to identify molecular factors regulating cell-subtype proportion in organoids. Together, these data are a rich resource to elucidate diverse mammary cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carman Man-Chung Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter L Goh
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hana K Shapiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Shen L, Lee S, Joo JC, Hong E, Cui ZY, Jo E, Park SJ, Jang HJ. Chelidonium majus Induces Apoptosis of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells via ATF3-Mediated Regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:493-503. [PMID: 35283423 PMCID: PMC9628819 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor 3a (Foxo3a) is believed to be a tumor suppressor as its inactivation leads to cell transformation and tumor development. However, further investigation is required regarding the involvement of the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-mediated Tat-interactive protein 60 (Tip60)/Foxo3a pathway in cancer cell apoptosis. This study demonstrated that Chelidonium majus upregulated the expression of ATF3 and Tip60 and promoted Foxo3a nuclear translocation, ultimately increasing the level of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein. ATF3 overexpression stimulated Tip60 expression, while ATF3 inhibition by siRNA repressed Tip60 expression. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated Tip60 inhibition significantly promoted Foxo3a phosphorylation, leading to blockade of Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus. Thus, we were able to deduce that ATF3 mediates the regulation of Foxo3a by Tip60. Moreover, siRNA-mediated Foxo3a inhibition suppressed the expression of Bax and subsequent apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Chelidonium majus induces SKOV-3 cell death by increasing ATF3 levels and its downstream proteins Tip60 and Foxo3a. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of Chelidonium majus against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hong
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Yang Cui
- Rehabilitation Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, P.R. China
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54987, Republic of Korea,
S.J. Park Phone: +82-63-220-8676 E-mail:
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J. Jang Phone: +42-860-4563 E-mail:
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13
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Kooti A, Abuei H, Farhadi A, Behzad-Behbahani A, Zarrabi M. Activating transcription factor 3 mediates apoptotic functions through a p53-independent pathway in human papillomavirus 18 infected HeLa cells. Virus Genes 2022; 58:88-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Bi Z, Fu Y, Wadgaonkar P, Qiu Y, Almutairy B, Zhang W, Seno A, Thakur C, Chen F. New Discoveries and Ambiguities of Nrf2 and ATF3 Signaling in Environmental Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:77. [PMID: 35052581 PMCID: PMC8773296 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment exposure to arsenic had been linked to increased incidents of human cancers. In cellular and animal experimental systems, arsenic has been shown to be highly capable of activating several signaling pathways that play critical roles in cell growth regulation, malignant transformation and the stemness of cancer stem-like cells. Emerging evidence indicates certain oncogenic properties of the Nrf2 transcription factor that can be activated by arsenic and many other environmental hazards. In human bronchial epithelial cells, our most recent data suggested that arsenic-activated Nrf2 signaling fosters metabolic reprogramming of the cells through shifting mitochondrial TCA cycle to cytosolic glycolysis, and some of the metabolites in glycolysis shunt the hexosamine biosynthesis and serine-glycine pathways important for the energy metabolism of the cancer cells. In the current report, we further demonstrated direct regulation of oncogenic signals by arsenic-activated Nrf2 and connection of Nrf2 with ATF3 stress transcription factor. Meanwhile, we also highlighted some unanswered questions on the molecular characteristics of the Nrf2 protein, which warrants further collaborative efforts among scientists for understanding the important role of Nrf2 in human cancers either associated or not to environmental arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Bi
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Yao Fu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA; (Z.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Q.); (W.Z.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (P.W.); (B.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Brookhaven, NY 11794, USA
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15
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Co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations promote aggressive endometrial tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009986. [PMID: 34941867 PMCID: PMC8741038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 and ARID1A are frequently mutated across cancer but rarely in the same primary tumor. Endometrial cancer has the highest TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity rate. However, the functional relationship between TP53 and ARID1A mutations in the endometrium has not been elucidated. We used genetically engineered mice and in vivo genomic approaches to discern both unique and overlapping roles of TP53 and ARID1A in the endometrium. TP53 loss with oncogenic PIK3CAH1047R in the endometrial epithelium results in features of endometrial hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and intraepithelial carcinoma. Mutant endometrial epithelial cells were transcriptome profiled and compared to control cells and ARID1A/PIK3CA mutant endometrium. In the context of either TP53 or ARID1A loss, PIK3CA mutant endometrium exhibited inflammatory pathway activation, but other gene expression programs differed based on TP53 or ARID1A status, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gene expression patterns observed in the genetic mouse models are reflective of human tumors with each respective genetic alteration. Consistent with TP53-ARID1A mutual exclusivity, the p53 pathway is activated following ARID1A loss in the endometrial epithelium, where ARID1A normally directly represses p53 pathway genes in vivo, including the stress-inducible transcription factor, ATF3. However, co-existing TP53-ARID1A mutations led to invasive adenocarcinoma associated with mutant ARID1A-driven ATF3 induction, reduced apoptosis, TP63+ squamous differentiation and invasion. These data suggest TP53 and ARID1A mutations drive shared and distinct tumorigenic programs in the endometrium and promote invasive endometrial cancer when existing simultaneously. Hence, TP53 and ARID1A mutations may co-occur in a subset of aggressive or metastatic endometrial cancers, with ARID1A loss promoting squamous differentiation and the acquisition of invasive properties. Endometrial cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with annual incidence continuing to rise. Although the majority of endometrial cancer patients have an excellent overall prognosis if the disease is confined to the endometrium, myometrial invasion and metastasis to other sites correlate with poor survival. Here, we used genetically engineered mice, in vivo genomics, and public cancer patient data to understand the relationship between TP53 and ARID1A, two of the most commonly mutated genes in endometrial cancer, in the context of mutant PIK3CA. Mutations in TP53 and ARID1A change different aspects of endometrial cell health but also share some similarities. ARID1A mutations specifically promote cancer cells to invade nearby tissue, a hallmark of metastasis, associated with squamous differentiation. Mice with co-existing TP53 and ARID1A mutations developed more invasive disease. Our studies suggest that co-existing TP53 and ARID1A tumor mutations may promote invasion and metastasis.
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16
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Forkhead Box Protein P3 (FOXP3) Represses ATF3 Transcriptional Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111400. [PMID: 34768829 PMCID: PMC8583784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a transcription factor and acute stress sensor, is rapidly induced by a variety of pathophysiological signals and is essential in the complex processes in cellular stress response. FOXP3, a well-known breast and prostate tumor suppressor from the X chromosome, is a novel transcriptional repressor for several oncogenes. However, it remains unknown whether ATF3 is the target protein of FOXP3. Herein, we demonstrate that ATF3 expression is regulated by FOXP3. Firstly, we observed that overexpression of FOXP3 reduced ATF3 protein level. Moreover, knockdown FOXP3 by siRNA increased ATF3 expression. Secondly, FOXP3 dose-dependently reduced ATF3 promoter activity in the luciferase reporter assay. Since FOXP3 is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), we next investigated whether PTMs affect FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Interestingly, we observed that phosphorylation mutation on FOXP3 (Y342F) significantly abolished FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. However, other PTM mutations on FOXP3, including S418 phosphorylation, K263 acetylation and ubiquitination, and K268 acetylation and ubiquitination, did not alter FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Finally, the FOXP3 binding site was found on ATF3 promoter region by deletion and mutagenesis analysis. Taken together, our results suggest that FOXP3 functions as a novel regulator of ATF3 and that this novel event may be involved in tumor development and progression.
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17
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Middleton JD, Sivakumar S, Hai T. Chemotherapy-Induced Changes in the Lung Microenvironment: The Role of MMP-2 in Facilitating Intravascular Arrest of Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10280. [PMID: 34638621 PMCID: PMC8508901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) 4 days before intravenous injection of breast cancer cells had more cancer cells in the lung at 3 h after cancer injection than control counterparts without CTX. At 4 days after its injection, CTX is already excreted from the mice, allowing this pre-treatment design to reveal how CTX may modify the lung environment to indirectly affect cancer cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the increase in cancer cell abundance at 3 h by CTX is due to an increase in the adhesiveness of vascular wall for cancer cells. Our data from protein array analysis and inhibition approach combined with in vitro and in vivo assays support the following two-prong mechanism. (1) CTX increases vascular permeability, resulting in the exposure of the basement membrane (BM). (2) CTX increases the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in mouse serum, which remodels the BM and is functionally important for CTX to increase cancer abundance at this early stage. The combined effect of these two processes is the increased accessibility of critical protein domains in the BM, resulting in higher vascular adhesiveness for cancer cells to adhere. The critical protein domains in the vascular microenvironment are RGD and YISGR domains, whose known binding partners on cancer cells are integrin dimers and laminin receptor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Middleton
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Subhakeertana Sivakumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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18
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Li X, Gracilla D, Cai L, Zhang M, Yu X, Chen X, Zhang J, Long X, Ding HF, Yan C. ATF3 promotes the serine synthesis pathway and tumor growth under dietary serine restriction. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109706. [PMID: 34551291 PMCID: PMC8491098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine synthesis pathway (SSP) involving metabolic enzymes phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) drives intracellular serine biosynthesis and is indispensable for cancer cells to grow in serine-limiting environments. However, how SSP is regulated is not well understood. Here, we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is crucial for transcriptional activation of SSP upon serine deprivation. ATF3 is rapidly induced by serine deprivation via a mechanism dependent on ATF4, which in turn binds to ATF4 and increases the stability of this master regulator of SSP. ATF3 also binds to the enhancers/promoters of PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH and recruits p300 to promote expression of these SSP genes. As a result, loss of ATF3 expression impairs serine biosynthesis and the growth of cancer cells in the serine-deprived medium or in mice fed with a serine/glycine-free diet. Interestingly, ATF3 expression positively correlates with PHGDH expression in a subset of TCGA cancer samples. Activation of the serine synthesis pathway is important for cancer cell growth, but how this pathway is regulated is not well understood. Li et al. report that ATF3 is an important regulator of this pathway and can promote serine biosynthesis and tumor growth under serine-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daniel Gracilla
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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19
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Middleton JD, Fehlman J, Sivakumar S, Stover DG, Hai T. Stress-Inducible Gene Atf3 Dictates a Dichotomous Macrophage Activity in Chemotherapy-Enhanced Lung Colonization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147356. [PMID: 34298975 PMCID: PMC8304704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that chemotherapy paradoxically exacerbated cancer cell colonization at the secondary site in a manner dependent on Atf3, a stress-inducible gene, in the non-cancer host cells. Here, we present evidence that this phenotype is established at an early stage of colonization within days of cancer cell arrival. Using mouse breast cancer models, we showed that, in the wild-type (WT) lung, cyclophosphamide (CTX) increased the ability of the lung to retain cancer cells in the vascular bed. Although CTX did not change the WT lung to affect cancer cell extravasation or proliferation, it changed the lung macrophage to be pro-cancer, protecting cancer cells from death. This, combined with the initial increase in cell retention, resulted in higher lung colonization in CTX-treated than control-treated mice. In the Atf3 knockout (KO) lung, CTX also increased the ability of lung to retain cancer cells. However, the CTX-treated KO macrophage was highly cytotoxic to cancer cells, resulting in no increase in lung colonization-despite the initial increase in cell retention. In summary, the status of Atf3 dictates the dichotomous activity of macrophage: pro-cancer for CTX-treated WT macrophage but anti-cancer for the KO counterpart. This dichotomy provides a mechanistic explanation for CTX to exacerbate lung colonization in the WT but not Atf3 KO lung.
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MESH Headings
- Activating Transcription Factor 3/physiology
- Animals
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/biosynthesis
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Cyclophosphamide/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter
- Genotype
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
- Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis/physiopathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation/methods
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/drug effects
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/physiology
- Cathelicidins
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Middleton
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (J.F.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jared Fehlman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (J.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Subhakeertana Sivakumar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (J.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.D.M.); (J.F.); (S.S.)
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Bang G, Ghil S. BRET analysis reveals interaction between the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA2 and the lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 in live cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1806-1818. [PMID: 33959968 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylinositol bind to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) LPA and GPR55, respectively. LPA2 , a type 2 LPA receptor, and GPR55 are highly expressed in colon cancer and involved in cancer progression. However, crosstalk between the two receptors and potential effects on cellular physiology are not fully understood. Here, using BRET analysis, we found that LPA2 and GPR55 interact in live cells. In the presence of both receptors, LPA2 and/or GPR55 activation facilitated co-internalization, and activation of GPR55, uncoupled with Gαi , induced reduction of intracellular cAMP. Notably, co-activation of receptors synergistically triggered further decline in the cAMP level, promoted cell proliferation, and increased the expression of cancer progression-related genes, suggesting that physical and functional crosstalk between LPA2 and GRR55 is involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwantae Bang
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Chen J, Zhang X, Xiao X, Ding Y, Zhang W, Shi M, Yang J, Liu Y, Han Y. Xiao-Ai-Ping Injection Enhances Effect of Paclitaxel to Suppress Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via Activating Transcription Factor 3. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420906463. [PMID: 32248718 PMCID: PMC7136938 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420906463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for invasive breast cancer. Paradoxically, many recently published findings showed that the first-line chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) showed pro-metastatic effects in the progress of treating breast cancer. Xiao-Ai-Ping (XAP) injection, composed of a traditional herbal medicine, Marsdenia tenacissimae extract, is known to exert antitumor effects on various cancers. However, there are few experimental studies on breast cancer. The underlying mechanism of the antitumor effect of XAP combined with chemotherapy agents has not been fully understood. In the present study, we sought to find the antitumor effects of XAP combined with PTX in vitro and in vivo. The data demonstrated that the combination of XAP with PTX resulted in remarkable enhancement of the pro-apoptotic, migration-inhibiting, and anti-invasive effects of PTX in vitro. Significantly, further study showed the overexpression of ATF3 in PTX-treated cell, while XAP counteracted the change of ATF3 induced by PTX. Moreover, it showed that combination treatment could promote the inhibition of tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft mouse model. Compared with PTX treatment, the downregulation of ATF3 indicated that ATF3 played a pivotal role in the combination of XAP with PTX to exert a synergistic effect. Overall, it is expected that PTX combined with XAP may serve as an effective agent for antitumor treatment, and dampening ATF3 maybe a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiangqi Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yawei Ding
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meizhi Shi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yonglong Han
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated to Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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22
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ATF3-Induced Mammary Tumors Exhibit Molecular Features of Human Basal-Like Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052353. [PMID: 33652981 PMCID: PMC7956570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive and deadly subtype of human breast cancer that is highly metastatic, displays stem-cell like features, and has limited treatment options. Therefore, developing and characterizing preclinical mouse models with tumors that resemble BLBC is important for human therapeutic development. ATF3 is a potent oncogene that is aberrantly expressed in most human breast cancers. In the BK5.ATF3 mouse model, overexpression of ATF3 in the basal epithelial cells of the mammary gland produces tumors that are characterized by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we used RNA-Seq and microRNA (miRNA) microarrays to better define the molecular features of BK5.ATF3-derived mammary tumors. These analyses showed that these tumors share many characteristics of human BLBC including reduced expression of Rb1, Esr1, and Pgr and increased expression of Erbb2, Egfr, and the genes encoding keratins 5, 6, and 17. An analysis of miRNA expression revealed reduced levels of Mir145 and Mir143, leading to the upregulation of their target genes including both the pluripotency factors Klf4 and Sox2 as well as the cancer stem-cell-related gene Kras. Finally, we show through knock-down experiments that ATF3 may directly modulate MIR145/143 expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the ATF3 mouse mammary tumor model could provide a powerful model to define the molecular mechanisms leading to BLBC, identify the factors that contribute to its aggressiveness, and, ultimately, discover specific genes and gene networks for therapeutic targeting.
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23
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Kang HG, Park JE, Lee SY, Choi JE, Do SK, Hong MJ, Lee JH, Jeong JY, Do YW, Lee EB, Shin KM, Lee WK, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo HW, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Cho S, Jheon S, Park JY. Genetic Polymorphisms in Activating Transcription Factor 3 Binding Site and the Prognosis of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology 2021; 99:336-344. [PMID: 33626541 DOI: 10.1159/000514131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. We investigated the association between variants in expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) within ATF3 binding regions and the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery. METHODS A total of 772 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery were enrolled. Using a public database (http://galaxyproject.org), we selected 104 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eQTLs in the ATF3 binding regions. The association of those SNPs with disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated. RESULTS Among those SNPs, HAX1 rs11265425T>G was associated with significantly worse DFS (aHR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.00-1.69, p = 0.05), and ME3 rs10400291C>A was associated with significantly better DFS (aHR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46-0.95, p = 0.03). Regarding HAX1 rs11265425T>G, the significant association remained only in adenocarcinoma, and the association was significant only in squamous cell carcinoma regarding ME3 rs10400291C>A. ChIP-qPCR assays showed that the two variants reside in active enhancers where H3K27Ac and ATF3 binding occurs. Promoter assays showed that rs11265425 G allele had significantly higher HAX1 promoter activity than T allele. HAX1 RNA expression was significantly higher in tumor than in normal lung, and higher in rs11265425 TG+GG genotypes than in TT genotype. Conversely, ME3 expression was significantly lower in tumor than in normal lung, and higher in rs10400291 AA genotype than in CC+CA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study shows that the functional polymorphisms in ATF3 binding sites, HAX1 rs11265425T>G and ME3 rs10400291C>A are associated with the clinical outcomes of patients in surgically resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, .,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea,
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Do
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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24
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Huang C, Chen R, Zheng F, Tang Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Lai X. Inhibitory role of ATF3 in gastric cancer progression through regulating cell EMT and stemness. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:127. [PMID: 33608016 PMCID: PMC7893881 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. The 5-year survival rate is rather low owing to advanced unresectable and distant metastasis. The EMT has been widely implicated in the stemness, metastatic dormancy, and chemoresistance of different solid tumors. Given the fact that activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) is a member of the ATF/CREB family of transcription factors and its role in regulation of GC recurrence and metastasis remain poorly understood, the aim of the present study was to investigate its potential impact in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and GC aggression. METHODS To elucidate the potential role of ATF3 in gastric cancer, we utilized SGC-7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cell lines as research models and constructed stable cell lines overexpressing ATF3. We conducted a series of assays including cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, tumorsphere formation, and invasion to investigate the functional roles of ATF3 in stemness of gastric cancer. The possible effect of ATF3 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed through flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. In vivo functional effect of upregulation of ATF3 on tumor growth was examined in a mouse xenograft model. RESULTS We found that overexpression of ATF3 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion. In addition, up-regulation of ATF3 attenuated tumorsphere formation, cell stemness, and potentially decreased expression of EMT markers. Moreover, ATF3 overexpression inhibited tumorigenesis in mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a suppressive role of ATF3 in gastric cancer development. Our findings will provide a potential therapeutic strategy and novel drug target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqian Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China
| | - Renli Chen
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatism, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China
| | - Fangjing Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China
| | - Yirong Tang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatism, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatism, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China
| | - Zichun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaolan Lai
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatism, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, 352000, Fujian, China.
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25
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Drug-Target Interaction Prediction Based on Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6690154. [PMID: 33628808 PMCID: PMC7889346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6690154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of drug-target interaction (DTI) is a key step in drug repositioning. In recent years, many studies have tried to use matrix factorization to predict DTI, but they only use known DTIs and ignore the features of drug and target expression profiles, resulting in limited prediction performance. In this study, we propose a new DTI prediction model named AdvB-DTI. Within this model, the features of drug and target expression profiles are associated with Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking through matrix factorization. Firstly, according to the known drug-target relationships, a set of ternary partial order relationships is generated. Next, these partial order relationships are used to train the latent factor matrix of drugs and targets using the Adversarial Bayesian Personalized Ranking method, and the matrix factorization is improved by the features of drug and target expression profiles. Finally, the scores of drug-target pairs are achieved by the inner product of latent factors, and the DTI prediction is performed based on the score ranking. The proposed model effectively takes advantage of the idea of learning to rank to overcome the problem of data sparsity, and perturbation factors are introduced to make the model more robust. Experimental results show that our model could achieve a better DTI prediction performance.
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26
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Wang Y, Quan F, Cao Q, Lin Y, Yue C, Bi R, Cui X, Yang H, Yang Y, Birnbaumer L, Li X, Gao X. Quercetin alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. J Adv Res 2021; 28:231-243. [PMID: 33364059 PMCID: PMC7753233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated necrosis and has been proven to contribute to the progress of acute kidney injury (AKI). Quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid which is commonly found in numerous fruits and vegetables, has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-senescence effects. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explain whether ferroptosis is a therapeutic strategy to AKI, and to explore the effect of QCT on AKI ferroptosis. METHODS NRK-52E cells and HK-2 cells were used for in vitro ferroptosis studies. Morphology of cells was detected by transmission electron microscopy. Lipid ROS was assayed using flow cytometry. In vivo, AKI was induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) or folic acid (FA). To explore the molecular mechanisms, RNA-sequence analysis was performed. Transwell was used to detect macrophage migration. RESULTS We discovered that quercetin (QCT), a natural flavonoid, inhibited ferroptosis in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. QCT blocked the typical morphologic changes of ferroptotic cells by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid ROS and increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, QCT ameliorated AKI induced by I/R or FA. RNA-sequence analysis highlighted activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), as it was the dominant one among all the 299 down-regulated genes by QCT. Knockdown of ATF3 could significantly increase the levels of SLC7A11, GPX4 and increased the cell viability. In addition, ferroptotic cells were found to be extremely pro-inflammatory by recruiting macrophages through CCL2, while QCT inhibited the chemotaxis of macrophages induced by ferroptosis in AKI. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results identify QCT as a ferroptosis inhibitor and provide new therapeutic strategies for diseases related to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Fei Quan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yanting Lin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Chongxiu Yue
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Ran Bi
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Xinmeng Cui
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AFF, Argentina
| | - Xianjing Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
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27
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Colemonts-Vroninks H, Neuckermans J, Marcelis L, Claes P, Branson S, Casimir G, Goyens P, Martens GA, Vanhaecke T, De Kock J. Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Metabolism, and Liver Regeneration Pathways Are Activated in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1 Mice upon Short-Term Nitisinone Discontinuation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:E3. [PMID: 33375092 PMCID: PMC7822164 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an inherited condition in which the body is unable to break down the amino acid tyrosine due to mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene, coding for the final enzyme of the tyrosine degradation pathway. As a consequence, HT1 patients accumulate toxic tyrosine derivatives causing severe liver damage. Since its introduction, the drug nitisinone (NTBC) has offered a life-saving treatment that inhibits the upstream enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD), thereby preventing production of downstream toxic metabolites. However, HT1 patients under NTBC therapy remain unable to degrade tyrosine. To control the disease and side-effects of the drug, HT1 patients need to take NTBC as an adjunct to a lifelong tyrosine and phenylalanine restricted diet. As a consequence of this strict therapeutic regime, drug compliance issues can arise with significant influence on patient health. In this study, we investigated the molecular impact of short-term NTBC therapy discontinuation on liver tissue of Fah-deficient mice. We found that after seven days of NTBC withdrawal, molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, and liver regeneration were mostly affected. More specifically, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and several toxicological gene classes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism were significantly modulated. We observed that the expression of several key glutathione metabolism related genes including Slc7a11 and Ggt1 was highly increased after short-term NTBC therapy deprivation. This stress response was associated with the transcriptional activation of several markers of liver progenitor cells including Atf3, Cyr61, Ddr1, Epcam, Elovl7, and Glis3, indicating a concreted activation of liver regeneration early after NTBC withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haaike Colemonts-Vroninks
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Jessie Neuckermans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Lionel Marcelis
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Claes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Steven Branson
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Georges Casimir
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Goyens
- Laboratoire de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue J.J. Crocq 1-3, 1020 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Geert A. Martens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Delta General Hospital, Deltalaan 1, 8800 Roeselare, Belgium;
- Center for Beta Cell Therapy in Diabetes, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (H.C.-V.); (J.N.); (P.C.); (S.B.); (T.V.)
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Chern YJ, Tai IT. Adaptive response of resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:842-863. [PMID: 33299639 PMCID: PMC7721100 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine, the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality. Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics, the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, and senescence, in response to cancer chemotherapy. We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms, with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jye Chern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z1L3, Canada
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Akshaya RL, Akshaya N, Selvamurugan N. A computational study of non-coding RNAs on the regulation of activating transcription factor 3 in human breast cancer cells. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107386. [PMID: 33068918 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an adaptive response gene, plays a dichotomous role in regulating several molecular processes during breast cancer progression. ATF3 promoted the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2, a metastatic gene) and activated matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13, an invasive gene), thereby fostering proliferation and bone-metastasis of the breast cancer cells. Targeting ATF3 may mitigate the metastatic spread of breast cancer and improve the patient's lifespan. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the new-era regimens that are currently utilized for diagnosis and treatment of a variety of malignancies including cancer. mir-3674 putatively targets ATF3, but its expression was significantly increased in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Our in silico analysis identified a few lncRNAs and circRNAs showing their putative binding sites for miR-3674. Thus, mir-3674, despite its abundance in the MDA-MB231 cells, could not effectively target ATF3, which could be due to the sponging mechanism of lncRNAs and circRNAs towards mir-3674. More extensive in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate this and expand the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Xiao J, McGill JR, Stanton K, Kassner JD, Choudhury S, Schlegel R, Sauna ZE, Pohlmann PR, Agarwal S. Efficient Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells: A First Step for Probing Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102784. [PMID: 32998338 PMCID: PMC7599955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer metastasis is responsible for most cancer-associated death. During metastasis, cells that escape the primary tumor into the circulatory system are known as circulating tumor cells. Previous attempts at growing circulating tumor cells in the lab have been hindered by low success rates. Using the novel system first reported here, we demonstrate a 100% (12/12 samples) success rate in culturing circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients. Once propagated, we characterized the expression profiles of our cultures, verifying their origins as breast cancer cells. Furthermore, exploratory analysis identifies several key pathways and genes previously known to be associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, we demonstrate that cultures grown in the presence of CD45+ cells exhibited higher growth potential ex vivo. Based on this system, we suggest that a reconsideration of the parameters for circulating tumor cell isolation should be undertaken. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a unique population of cells that can be used to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of metastasis. Unfortunately, current technologies designed for the isolation and capture of CTCs are inefficient. Existing literature for in vitro CTC cultures report low (6−20%) success rates. Here, we describe a new method for the isolation and culture of CTCs. Once optimized, we employed the method on 12 individual metastatic breast cancer patients and successfully established CTC cultures from all 12 samples. We demonstrate that cells propagated were of breast and epithelial origin. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis demonstrated that CTC cultures were distinct from cells obtained from healthy donors. Finally, we observed that CTC cultures that were associated with CD45+ leukocytes demonstrated higher viability. The presence of CD45+ leukocytes significantly enhanced culture survival and suggests a re-evaluation of the methods for CTC isolation and propagation. Routine access to CTCs is a valuable resource for identifying genetic and molecular markers of metastasis, personalizing the treatment of metastatic cancer patients and developing new therapeutics to selectively target metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (J.X.); (P.R.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (S.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Joseph R. McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (J.R.M.); (Z.E.S.)
| | - Kelly Stanton
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Joshua D. Kassner
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Hospital, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (S.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (S.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Zuben E. Sauna
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (J.R.M.); (Z.E.S.)
| | - Paula R. Pohlmann
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (J.X.); (P.R.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Hospital, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (S.C.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-687-2644
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Deng R, Huang JH, Wang Y, Zhou LH, Wang ZF, Hu BX, Chen YH, Yang D, Mai J, Li ZL, Zhang HL, Huang Y, Peng XD, Feng GK, Zhu XF, Tang J. Disruption of super-enhancer-driven tumor suppressor gene RCAN1.4 expression promotes the malignancy of breast carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:122. [PMID: 32771023 PMCID: PMC7414732 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Super-enhancers (SEs) play a crucial role in cancer, which is often associate with activated oncogenes. However, little is known about how SEs facilitate tumour suppression. Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a remarkably reduced incidence of breast cancer (BC), moving the search for tumor suppressor genes on human chromosome 21 (HSA21). In this study, we aim to identify and explore potential mechanisms by which SEs are established for tumor suppressor RCAN1.4 on HSA21 in BC. Methods In silico analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the expression and clinical relevance of RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 in BC. Function experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of RCAN1.4 on the malignancy of breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. ChIP-seq data analysis, ChIP-qPCR, double-CRISPR genome editing, and luciferase reporter assay were utilized to confirm RUNX3 was involved in regulating RCAN1.4-associated SE in BC. The clinical value of co-expression of RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 was evaluated in BC patients. Results Here, we characterized RCAN1.4 as a potential tumour suppressor in BC. RCAN1.4 loss promoted tumour metastasis to bone and brain, and its overexpression inhibited tumour growth by blocking the calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway. Unexpectedly, we found RCAN1.4 expression was driven by a ~ 23 kb-long SE. RCAN1.4-SEdistal was sensitive to BRD4 inhibition, and its deletion decreased RCAN1.4 expression by over 90% and induced the malignant phenotype of BC cells. We also discovered that the binding sites in the SE region of RCAN1.4 were enriched for consensus sequences of transcription factor RUNX3. Knockdown of RUNX3 repressed the luciferase activity and also decreased H3K27ac enrichment binding at the SE region of RCAN1.4. Furthermore, abnormal SE-driven RCAN1.4 expression mediated by RUNX3 loss could be physiologically significant and clinically relevant in BC patients. Notably, we established a prognostic model based on RCAN1.4 and RUNX3 co-expression that effectively predicted the overall survival in BC patients. Conclusions These findings reveal an important role of SEs in facilitating tumour suppression in BC. Considering that the combination of low RCAN1.4 and low RUNX3 expression has worse prognosis, RUNX3-RCAN1.4 axis maybe a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Huan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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32
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Zhang Y, Li W, Zhou Y. Identification of hub genes in diabetic kidney disease via multiple-microarray analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:997. [PMID: 32953797 PMCID: PMC7475500 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, bioinformatics analysis has provided a comprehensive insight toward the molecular mechanisms of DKD. Here, we re-analyzed three mRNA microarray datasets including a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, with the aim of identifying crucial genes correlated with DKD and contribute to a better understanding of DKD pathogenesis. Methods Three datasets including GSE131882, GSE30122, and GSE30529 were utilized to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The potential functions of DEGs were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and hub genes were selected with the top three molecular complex detection (MCODE) score. A correlation analysis between hub genes and clinical indicators was also performed. Results In total, 84 upregulated DEGs and 49 downregulated DEGs were identified. Enriched pathways of the upregulated DEGs included extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, focal adhesion, human papillomavirus infection, malaria, and cell adhesion molecules. The downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, endocrine- and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption, mineral absorption and longevity regulating pathway, and multiple species signaling pathway. Seventeen hub genes were identified, and correlation analysis between unexplored hub genes and clinical features of DKD suggested that EGF, KNG1, GADD45B, and CDH2 might have reno-protective roles in DKD. Meanwhile, ATF3, B2M, VCAM1, CLDN4, SPP1, SOX9, JAG1, C3, and CD24 might promote the progression of DKD. Finally, most hub genes were found present in the immune cells of diabetic kidneys, which suggest the important role of inflammation infiltration in DKD pathogenesis. Conclusions In this study, we found seventeen hub genes using a scRNA-seq contained multiple-microarray analysis, which enriched the present understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DKD in cells' level and provided candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Hospital Affiliated To Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cao Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Deng H, Liu Y, Zhou P, Xu H, Chen D, Feng D, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou J. Critical Role of Intestinal Microbiota in ATF3-Mediated Gut Immune Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:842-852. [PMID: 32571839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Secretory Ig A (sIgA) plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via cross-talk with gut microbiota. The defects in sIgA production could elicit dysbiosis of commensal microbiota and subsequently facilitate the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Our previous study revealed activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as an important regulator of follicular helper T (TFH) cells in gut. ATF3 deficiency in CD4+ T cells impaired the development of gut TFH cells, and therefore diminished sIgA production, which increased the susceptibility to murine colitis. However, the potential role of microbiota in ATF3-mediated gut homeostasis remains incompletely understood. In this study, we report that both Atf3-/- and CD4creAtf3fl/fl mice displayed profound dysbiosis of gut microbiota when compared with their littermate controls. The proinflammatory Prevotella taxa, especially Prevotella copri, were more abundant in ATF3-deficient mice when compared with littermate controls. This phenotype was obviously abrogated by adoptive transfer of either TFH cells or IgA+ B cells. Importantly, depletion of gut microbiota dramatically alleviated the severity of colitis in Atf3-/- mice, whereas transfer of microbiota from Atf3-/- mice to wild-type recipients increased their susceptibility to colitis. Collectively, these observations indicate the importance of IgA-microbiota interaction in ATF3-mediated gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjiao Cao
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Haixu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dubo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dingyun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; and
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Joint Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China; .,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Sun C, Guo Y, Zhou W, Xia C, Xing X, Chen J, Li X, Zhu H, Lu J. p300 promotes cell proliferation through suppressing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation in the infected B-lymphoma cells. Virus Res 2020; 286:198066. [PMID: 32553609 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) is a B-cell lymphoma associated with Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. However, the mechanism of oncogenesis of PEL is still unclear. Studies have shown that the cellular transcriptional coactivator p300 regulates the interaction between host and virus, which plays a vital role in viral replication. In this study, we investigated the role of p300 in BCBL1 cells during the KSHV life cycle. We found that p300 knockout resulted in an overall increase for the early lytic genes and changed the expression of genes associated with tumor development, proliferation, and the immune response in the KSHV infected B cells. However, knockout of p300 significantly inhibited the expression of the immediate-early gene RTA and the late lytic gene K8 after KSHV lytic activation. Additionally, the intracellular KSHV genome copy number and the virion production were reduced. These results demonstrated that p300 plays a crucial role in suppressing KSHV viral replication in BCBL1. Furthermore, we observed that the growth of BCBL1 was inhibited by knockout of p300, which confirmed our findings that p300 promotes cell proliferation. This study further provided evidence that p300 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BCBL1, which might lead to the oncogenesis of PEL caused by KSHV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yizhen Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chuan Xia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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35
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Exploring the role of post-translational modulators of transcription factors in triple-negative breast cancer gene expression. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Liang Y, Jiang Y, Jin X, Chen P, Heng Y, Cai L, Zhang W, Li L, Jia L. Neddylation inhibition activates the protective autophagy through NF-κB-catalase-ATF3 Axis in human esophageal cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:72. [PMID: 32398095 PMCID: PMC7218644 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein neddylation plays a tumor-promoting role in esophageal cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that neddylation inhibition induced the accumulation of ATF4 to promote apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. However, it is completely unknown whether neddylation inhibition could induce autophagy in esophageal cancer cells and affect the expression of other members of ATF/CREB subfamily, such as ATF3. Methods The expression of relevant proteins of NF-κB/Catalase/ATF3 pathway after neddylation inhibition was determined by immunoblotting analysis and downregulated by siRNA silencing for mechanistic studies. ROS generation upon MLN4924 treatment was determined by H2-DCFDA staining. The proliferation inhibition induced by MLN4924 was evaluated by ATPLite assay and apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V /PI double staining. Results For the first time, we reported that MLN4924, a specific inhibitor of Nedd8-activating enzyme, promoted the expression of ATF3 to induce autophagy in esophageal cancer. Mechanistically, MLN4924 inhibited the activity of CRLs and induced the accumulation of its substrate IκBα to block NF-κB activation and Catalase expression. As a result, MLN4924 activated ATF3-induced protective autophagy, thereby inhibiting MLN4924-induced apoptosis, which could be alleviated by ATF3 silencing. Conclusions In our study, we elucidates a novel mechanism of NF-κB/Catalase/ATF3 pathway in MLN4924-induced protective autophagy in esophageal cancer cells, which provides a sound rationale and molecular basis for combinational anti-ESCC therapy with knockdown ATF3 and neddylation inhibitor (e.g. MLN4924). Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Liang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanyu Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongqing Heng
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Emura N, Wang CM, Yang WH, Yang WH. Steroidogenic Factor 1 (NR5A1) Activates ATF3 Transcriptional Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041429. [PMID: 32093223 PMCID: PMC7073147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1/NR5A1), an orphan nuclear receptor, is important for sexual differentiation and the development of multiple endocrine organs, as well as cell proliferation in cancer cells. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a transcriptional repressor, and its expression is rapidly induced by DNA damage and oncogenic stimuli. Since both NR5A1 and ATF3 can regulate and cooperate with several transcription factors, we hypothesized that NR5A1 may interact with ATF3 and plays a functional role in cancer development. First, we found that NR5A1 physically interacts with ATF3. We further demonstrated that ATF3 expression is up-regulated by NR5A1. Moreover, the promoter activity of the ATF3 is activated by NR5A1 in a dose-dependent manner in several cell lines. By mapping the ATF3 promoter as well as the site-directed mutagenesis analysis, we provide evidence that NR5A1 response elements (-695 bp and -665 bp) are required for ATF3 expression by NR5A1. It is well known that the transcriptional activities of NR5A1 are modulated by post-translational modifications, such as small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification and phosphorylation. Notably, we found that both SUMOylation and phosphorylation of NR5A1 play roles, at least in part, for NR5A1-mediated ATF3 expression. Overall, our results provide the first evidence of a novel relationship between NR5A1 and ATF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Emura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA; (C.-M.W.); (W.H.Y.)
| | - Chiung-Min Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA; (C.-M.W.); (W.H.Y.)
| | - William Harry Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA; (C.-M.W.); (W.H.Y.)
| | - Wei-Hsiung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA; (C.-M.W.); (W.H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-912-721-8203; Fax: +1-912-721-8268
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Calamak S, Ermis M, Sun H, Islam S, Sikora M, Nguyen M, Hasirci V, Steinmetz LM, Demirci U. A Circulating Bioreactor Reprograms Cancer Cells Toward a More Mesenchymal Niche. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900139. [PMID: 32293132 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and cancer cells dynamically interact with the mechanical microenvironment such as hydrostatic pressure, fluid shear, and interstitial flow. These factors play an essential role in cell fate and circulating tumor cell heterogeneity, and can influence the cellular phenotype. In this study, a peristaltic continuous flow reactor is designed and applied to HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells to mimic the fluid dynamics of circulation. With this intervention, a CD44/CD24-cell subpopulation emerges, and 100 genes are significantly regulated. The expression of cells at 4 h in the flow reactor is very similar to TGF-ß treatment, which is an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ATF3 and SERPINE1 are significantly upregulated in these groups, suggesting that the mesenchymal transition is induced through this signaling pathway. This flow reactor model is satisfactory on its own to reprogram colorectal cancer cells toward a more mesenchymal niche mimicking circulation of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Calamak
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Saiful Islam
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Sikora
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Department of Medical Engineering, School of Engineering, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, 34752, Turkey
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.,Electrical Engineering Department by Courtesy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park J, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militarisExerts Antitumor Effect on Carboplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer via Activation of ATF3/TP53 Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20902558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cordyceps militaris extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of carboplatin- resistant SKOV-3 and determine the underlying mechanisms for overcoming carboplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer. We cultured the carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells in vitro until the exponential growth phase and then treated with different concentrations of C. militaris for 24, 48, and 72 hours. We performed cell proliferation assay, cell morphological change assessment using transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis assay, and immunoblotting to measure the protein expression of caspase-3 and -8, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)/TP53 signaling-related proteins. As a result, C. militaris reduced the viability of carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 and induced morphological disruptions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The gene expression profiles indicated a reprogramming pattern of the previously known and unknown genes and transcription factors associated with the action of TCTN3 on carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells. We also confirmed the C. militaris-induced activation of the ATF3/TP53 pathway. Immunoblotting indicated that cotreatment of C. militaris and carboplatin-mediated ATF3/TP53 upregulation induced apoptosis in the carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells, which are involved in the serial activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, and PARP-1. Further, when the ATF3 and TP53 expression increased, the CHOP and PUMA expressions were upregulated. Consequently, the upregulated CHOP/PUMA expression activated the positive regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. In addition, it decreased the Bcl-2 expression, leading to marked ovarian cancer cells sensitive to carboplatin by enhancing apoptosis. We then corroborated these results using in vivo experiments. Taken together, C. militaris inhibits carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis possibly through ATF3/TP53 signaling upregulation and CHOP/PUMA activation. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer using C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong E. Yang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S. Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang H. Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Republic of Korea
| | - JunSoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo J. Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Sun RM, Jiang GQ. ATF3 Demethylation Promotes the Transcription of ARL4C, Which Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3467-3476. [PMID: 32425548 PMCID: PMC7195577 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s243632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a common malignancy in females worldwide. In this study, we investigated the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and ADP-ribosylation factor like-4 (ARL4) in human breast cancer, and the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured ATF3 and ATL4C expressions in 15 paired breast cancer tissues using qRT-PCR, Western blotting and IHC. Cell growth, migration and invasion were tested in ATF3 or ARL4C overexpression breast cancer cells. TCGA database analysis was done to identify the correlation between ATF3 and ARL4C. We evaluated the binding of ATF3 to ARL4C promoter sequences and the effect of hypermethylation and demethylation of ATF3. A meta-analysis was done to investigate the relationship between the expression of ATF3 and/or ARL4C and the poor prognoses. RESULTS Our results showed that ATF3 and ARL4C were decreased in breast cancer specimens at both mRNA and protein levels. Restoration of ATF3 or ARL4C reduced breast cancer tumorigenesis, evidenced by decreased cell growth, migration and invasion. The expression of ATF3 was positively correlated with ARL4C in breast cancer specimens, and ATF3 was shown to bind to the ARL4C promoter sequences. Furthermore, the expression of ATF3 was negatively regulated by hypermethylation, and demethylation of ATF3 stimulated ATF3 expression, which further promoted ARL4C transcription. Finally, a meta-analysis showed that patients with breast cancer with lower expression levels of ATF3 and/or ARL4C had worse prognoses. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the ATF3/ARL4C axis may be a prospective biomarker for diagnosis and determination of prognosis, and a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215004, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Mao Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215004, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guo-Qin Jiang Suzhou215004, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86-512-67784797 Email
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Ku HC, Cheng CF. Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32922364 PMCID: PMC7457002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. ATF3 acts as a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Multiple extracellular signals, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cytokines, chemokines, and LPS, are connected to ATF3 induction. The function of ATF3 as a regulator of metabolism and immunity has recently sparked intense attention. In this review, we describe how ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and a repressor. We then focus on the role of ATF3 and ATF3-regulated signals in modulating metabolism, immunity, and oncogenesis. The roles of ATF3 in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue regulation are also explored. Next, we summarize how ATF3 regulates immunity and maintains normal host defense. In addition, we elaborate on the roles of ATF3 as a regulator of prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers. Further understanding of how ATF3 regulates signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism, adipocyte metabolism, immuno-responsiveness, and oncogenesis in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers, is then provided. Finally, we demonstrate that ATF3 acts as a master regulator of metabolic homeostasis and, therefore, may be an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic dyshomeostasis, immune disorders, and various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ching-Feng Cheng
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Kumar M, Majumder D, Mal S, Chakraborty S, Gupta P, Jana K, Gupta UD, Ghosh Z, Kundu M, Basu J. Activating transcription factor 3 modulates the macrophage immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via reciprocal regulation of inflammatory genes and lipid body formation. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13142. [PMID: 31709711 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection of macrophages by Mycobacterium tuberculosis elicits an immune response that clears the bacterium. However, the bacterium is able to subvert the innate immune response. Differential expression of transcription factors (TFs) is central to the dynamic balance of this interaction. Among other functions, TFs regulate the production of antibacterial agents such as nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutral lipids which are stored in lipid bodies (LBs) and favour bacterial survival. Here, we demonstrate that the TF activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is upregulated early during infection of macrophages or mice. Depletion of ATF3 enhances mycobacterial survival in macrophages suggesting its host-protective role. ATF3 interacts with chromatin remodelling protein brahma-related gene 1 and both associate with the promoters of interleukin-12p40, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide synthase 2, to activate expression of these genes. Strikingly, ATF3 downregulates LB formation by associating at the promoters of positive regulators of LB formation such as cholesterol 25 hydroxylase and the microRNA-33 locus. ATF3 represses the association of the activating mark, acetyl histone H4 lysine 8 at the promoter of cholesterol 25 hydroxylase. Our study suggests opposing roles of ATF3 in regulation of distinct sets of macrophage genes during infection, converging on a host-protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Soumya Mal
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Disease, Agra, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Umesh D Gupta
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Disease, Agra, India
| | - Zhumur Ghosh
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Thakur S, Daley B, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. The role of an anti-diabetic drug metformin in the treatment of endocrine tumors. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:R17-R35. [PMID: 31307011 PMCID: PMC6938582 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of endocrine cancers is rising every year. Over the last decade, evidence has accumulated that demonstrates the anti-cancer effects of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin, in endocrine malignancies. We performed a literature review utilizing the PubMed, Medline and clinicaltrials.gov databases using the keyword 'metformin' plus the following terms: 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid nodules', 'parathyroid', 'hyperparathyroidism', 'adrenal adenoma', 'Cushing syndrome', 'hyperaldosteronism', 'adrenocortical cancer', 'neuroendocrine tumor (NET)', 'pancreatic NET (pNET)', 'carcinoid', 'pituitary adenoma', 'pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)', 'prolactinoma', 'pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma'. We found 37 studies describing the preclinical and clinical role of metformin in endocrine tumors. The available epidemiological data show an association between exposure of metformin and lower incidence of thyroid cancer and pNETs in diabetic patients. Metformin treatment has been associated with better response to cancer therapy in thyroid cancer and pNETs. Preclinical evidence suggests that the primary direct mechanisms of metformin action include inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to metabolic stress. Decreased ATP production leads to an activation of a cellular energy sensor, AMPK, and subsequent downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway, which is associated with decreased cellular proliferation. We also describe several AMPK-independent mechanisms of metformin action, as well as the indirect mechanisms targeting insulin resistance. Overall, repositioning of metformin has emerged as a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of endocrine tumors. The mechanisms of synergy between metformin and other anti-cancer agents need to be elucidated further to guide well-designed prospective trials on combination therapies in endocrine malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Thakur
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna Daley
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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HER2 Upregulates ATF4 to Promote Cell Migration via Activation of ZEB1 and Downregulation of E-Cadherin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092223. [PMID: 31064130 PMCID: PMC6540102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) activation is critical in breast cancer development. HER2 promotes cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, and metastasis by activation of PI3K/Akt, Ras/MEK/ERK, and JAK/STAT pathways. However, beyond these signaling molecules, the key proteins underlining HER2-mediated metastasis remain elusive. ATF4 (Activating transcription factor 4), a critical regulator in unfolded protein response (UPR), is implicated in cell migration and tumor metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that HER2 upregulated ATF4 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, resulting in cell migration increased. In addition, ATF4 upregulated ZEB1 (Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1) and suppressed E-cadherin expression resulting in promoting cell migration. Restoration of E-cadherin expression effectively inhibited HER2- or ATF4-mediated cell migration. In addition, upregulated expression of ATF4 was found in HER2-positive breast cancer specimens. Together, this study demonstrates that ATF4-ZEB1 is important for HER2-mediated cell migration and suggests that ATF4-ZEB1 may be potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer metastasis.
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45
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ATF3 and JDP2 deficiency in cancer associated fibroblasts promotes tumor growth via SDF-1 transcription. Oncogene 2019; 38:3812-3823. [PMID: 30670778 PMCID: PMC6756089 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and the c-Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) are members of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family of transcription factors. These proteins share a high degree of homology and both can activate or repress transcription. Deficiency of either one of them in the non-cancer host cells was shown to reduce metastases. As ATF3 and JDP2 compensate each other's function, we studied the double deficiency of ATF3 and JDP2 in the stromal tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that mice with ATF3 and JDP2 double deficiency (designated thereafter dKO) developed larger tumors with high vascular perfusion and increased cell proliferation rate compared to wild type (WT) mice. We further identify that the underlying mechanism involves tumor associated fibroblasts which secrete high levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in dKO fibroblasts. SDF-1 depletion in dKO fibroblasts dampened tumor growth and blood vessel perfusion. Furthermore, ATF3 and JDP2 were found to regulate SDF-1 transcription and secretion in fibroblasts, a phenomenon that is potentiated in the presence of cancer cells. Collectively, our results suggest that ATF3 and JDP2 regulate the expression of essential tumor promoting factors expressed by fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment, and thus restrain tumor growth.
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Abo El-Maali N, Badr G, Sayed D, Adam R, Abd El Wahab G. Enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis and growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells treated with silica nanoparticles loaded with monohydroxy flavone compounds. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:513-525. [PMID: 30640511 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-resistant cancer is a clinical challenge, hence screening for novel anticancer drugs is critically important. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor potential of three plant-derived flavone compounds: 3-hydroxy flavone (3-HF), 6-hydroxy flavone (6-HF), and 7-hydroxy flavone (7-HF), either alone or combined with silica nanoparticles (3-HF + NP, 6-HF + NP, and 7-HF + NP), on the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, as well as on non-tumorigenic normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10). The IC50 values of these flavone compounds loaded with NP (flavones + NP) in these cell lines were determined to be 1.5 μg/mL without affecting the viability of normal MCF-10 cells. Additionally, using annexin V - propidium iodide double-staining followed by flow cytometry analysis, we found that the combination of flavones with NP significantly induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Furthermore, flavones + NP increased the expression of cytochrome c and caspase-9, mediating the growth arrest of these cancer cells. Most importantly, the combination of flavones with NP significantly abolished the expression of ATF-3, which is responsible for the proliferation and invasion of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells. Our data revealed the potential therapeutic effects of these flavones in fighting breast cancer cells, and provide the first insights concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa Abo El-Maali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.,Multidisciplinary Research Centre of Excellence, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abd El Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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Kim S, Song NJ, Chang SH, Bahn G, Choi Y, Rhee DK, Yun UJ, Choi J, Lee J, Yoo JH, Shin D, Park KM, Kang H, Lee S, Ku JM, Cho YS, Park KW. Sulfuretin Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Diseases in Diet Induced Obese Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:107-116. [PMID: 30130954 PMCID: PMC6319556 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic and associated metabolic diseases require alternative biological targets for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that a phytochemical sulfuretin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes and administration of sulfuretin to high fat diet-fed obese mice prevented obesity and increased insulin sensitivity. These effects were associated with a suppressed expression of inflammatory markers, induced expression of adiponectin, and increased levels of phosphorylated ERK and AKT. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of sulfuretin in adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and identified activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) as a sulfuretin-responsive gene. Sulfuretin elevated Atf3 mRNA and protein levels in white adipose tissue and adipocytes. Consistently, deficiency of Atf3 promoted lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte markers. Sulfuretin’s but not resveratrol’s anti-adipogenic effects were diminished in Atf3 deficient cells, indicating that Atf3 is an essential factor in the effects of sulfuretin. These results highlight the usefulness of sulfuretin as a new anti-obesity intervention for the prevention of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Bahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Donghan Shin
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ki-Moon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kang
- Department of Oriental Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Biomaterials Research and Development Team, Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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48
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Chemotherapy-Exacerbated Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Paradox Explainable by Dysregulated Adaptive-Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113333. [PMID: 30373101 PMCID: PMC6274941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging picture in cancer biology is that, paradoxically, chemotherapy can actively induce changes that favor cancer progression. These pro-cancer changes can be either inside (intrinsic) or outside (extrinsic) the cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the extrinsic pro-cancer effect of chemotherapy; that is, the effect of chemotherapy on the non-cancer host cells to promote cancer progression. We will focus on metastasis, and will first discuss recent data from mouse models of breast cancer. Despite reducing the size of primary tumors, chemotherapy changes the tumor microenvironment, resulting in an increased escape of cancer cells into the blood stream. Furthermore, chemotherapry changes the tissue microenvironment at the distant sites, making it more hospitable to cancer cells upon their arrival. We will then discuss the idea and evidence that these devastating pro-metastatic effects of chemotherapy can be explained in the context of adaptive-response. At the end, we will discuss the potential relevance of these mouse data to human breast cancer and their implication on chemotherapy in the clinic.
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49
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Kha ML, Hesse L, Deisinger F, Sipos B, Röcken C, Arlt A, Sebens S, Helm O, Schäfer H. The antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 modulates the stress response and phenotype of malignant as well as premalignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells by inducing expression of the ATF3 splicing variant ΔZip2. Oncogene 2018; 38:1461-1476. [PMID: 30302023 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits one of the worst survival rates of all cancers. While death rates show declining trends in the majority of cancers, PDAC registers rising rates. Based on the recently described crosstalk between TGF-β1 and Nrf2 in the PDAC development, the involvement of ATF3 and its splice variant ΔZip2 in TGF-β1- and Nrf2-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis was investigated. As demonstrated here, PDAC (Panc1, T3M4) cells or premalignant H6c7 pancreatic ductal epithelial cells differentially express ΔZip2- and ATF3, relating to stronger Nrf2 activity seen in Panc1 cells and TGF-ß1 activity in T3M4 or H6c7 cells, respectively. Treatment with the electrophile/oxidative stress inducer tBHQ or the cytostatic drug gemcitabine strongly elevated ΔZip2 expression in a Nrf2-dependent fashion. The differential expression of ATF3 and ΔZip2 in response to Nrf2 and TGF-ß1 relates to differential ATF3-gene promoter usage, giving rise of distinct splice variants. Nrf2-dependent ΔZip2 expression confers resistance against gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, only partially relating to interference with ATF3 and its proapoptotic activity, e.g., through CHOP-expression. In fact, ΔZip2 autonomously activates expression of cIAP anti-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, ΔZip2 favors and ATF3 suppresses growth and clonal expansion of PDAC cells, again partially independent of each other. Using a Panc1 tumor xenograft model in SCID-beige mice, the opposite activities of ATF3 and ΔZip2 on tumor-growth and chemoresistance were verified in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed ΔZip2 and Nrf2 coexpression in cancerous and PanIN structures of human PDAC and chronic pancreatitis tissues, respectively, which to some extent was reciprocal to ATF3 expression. It is concluded that depending on selective ATF3-gene promoter usage by Nrf2, the ΔZip2 expression is induced in response to electrophile/oxidative (here through tBHQ) and xenobiotic (here through gemcitabine) stress, providing apoptosis protection and growth advantages to pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. This condition may substantially add to pancreatic carcinogenesis driven by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Lan Kha
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa Hesse
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Deisinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 14, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Biomaterial Bank of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Kiel, UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Signal Transduction, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 6, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Biomaterial Bank of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Kiel, UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Group Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University & UKSH Campus Kiel, Bldg. 17, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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50
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Rohini M, Haritha Menon A, Selvamurugan N. Role of activating transcription factor 3 and its interacting proteins under physiological and pathological conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:310-317. [PMID: 30144543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-responsive factor that belongs to the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family of transcription factors. ATF3 expression is stimulated by various factors such as hypoxia, cytokines, and chemotherapeutic and DNA damaging agents. Upon stimulation, ATF3 can form homodimers or heterodimers with other members of the AP-1 family to repress or activate transcription. Under physiological conditions, ATF3 expression is transient and plays a pivotal role in controlling the expression of cell-cycle regulators and tumor suppressor, DNA repair, and apoptosis genes. However, under pathological conditions such as those during breast cancer, a sustained and prolonged expression of ATF3 has been observed. In this review, the structure and function of ATF3, its posttranslational modifications (PTM), and its interacting proteins are discussed with a special emphasis on breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Haritha Menon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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