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Gu Y, Mu Q, Cheng D. Androgens in cervical cancer: Their role in epidemiology and biology. iScience 2024; 27:110155. [PMID: 39021790 PMCID: PMC11253156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the significance of androgens in cervical cancer, examining both epidemiological evidence and the underlying biological mechanisms. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally, with disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates in less developed regions where cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) screening remains limited. Recent research highlights the previously underexplored role of androgens in cervical cancer. Notably, cervical tissues house androgen receptors, and elevated levels of endogenous androgens have been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. Androgens exert their influence on the development and progression of cervical cancer by impacting key cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and epithelial cell transformation. Furthermore, specific HPV subtypes may interact with androgens, potentially modulating HPV-related cellular degeneration and transformation. In light of these findings, it is evident that androgens assume a crucial role in cervical cancer's pathogenesis. Consequently, further investigations are warranted to deepen our understanding of the intricate relationship between androgens and cervical cancer. Such knowledge advancements can facilitate improved strategies for early prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, especially in regions with limited HPV screening access. This review underscores the importance of considering androgens as a vital component of the multifaceted landscape of cervical cancer etiology and progression, ultimately contributing to more effective clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dali Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P.R. China
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Arvizu-Hernandez E, Hernandez-Guerrero CJ, Alvarez-Rios E, Gariglio P, Cornejo-Garrido J, Ocadiz-Delgado R. Laurencia johnstonii extract reverses early lesions in the K14E7HPV16 murine cervical carcinogenesis model. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29571. [PMID: 38563330 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a well-established risk factor to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a condition that can progress to cervical cancer (CC) a major health problem worldwide. Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring alternative therapies utilizing natural products, among which is the algae species Laurencia johnstonii Setchell & Gardner, 1924 (L. johnstonii), proposed for the management of precancerous lesions. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an organic extract from L. johnstonii (ELj) in early cervical lesions (CIN 1). These CIN 1 lesions were generated in a murine model expressing the HR-HPV16 E7 oncoprotein (K14E7HPV transgenic mice) with a single exogenous hormonal stimulus using 17β-estradiol. The histopathological studies, the determination of cell proliferation and of the apoptotic levels in cervical tissue, showed that, seven doses of ELj (30 mg/kg weight per day diluted in a DMSO-saline solution [1:7]) lead to recovery the architecture of cervical epithelium. Accordingly, in the transgenic mice it was observed a statistically significant decrease of the PCNA expression levels, a marker of cell proliferation, and a statistically significant increase in the apoptosis levels using Caspase 3 as a marker. In addition, we determined the expression levels of the tumor suppressor miR-218 and the oncomiRNA miR-21. Interestingly, our results may suggest that ELj treatment tended to restore the normal expression of both miRNAs as compared with controls being more evident in the non-transgenic induced mice. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant through the whole study. Based on these results, we propose that the use of ELj could be an alternative for the treatment of cervical early lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Arvizu-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Natural Products I, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Claudia Judith Hernandez-Guerrero
- Department of Technologies Development, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez-Rios
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Natural Products I, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados IPN, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Zhao X, Xu Y, Chen Z, Tang C, Mi X. Encoding fluorescence intensity with tetrahedron DNA nanostructure based FRET effect for bio-detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115994. [PMID: 38181517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Biocoding technology constructed by readable tags with distinct signatures is a brand-new bioanalysis method to realize multiplexed identification and bio-information decoding. In this study, a novel fluorescence intensity coding technology termed Tetra-FICT was reported based on tetrahedron DNA nanostructure (TDN) carrier and Főrster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) effect. By modulating numbers and distances of Cy3 and Cy5 at four vertexes of TDN, different fluorescence intensities of twenty-six samples were produced at ∼565.0 nm (FICy3) and ∼665.0 nm (FICy5) by detecting fluorescence spectra. By developing an error correction mechanism, eleven codes were established based on divided intensity ranges of the final FICy3 together with FICy5 (Final-FICy3&FICy5). These resulting codes were used to construct barcode probes, with three miRNA biomarkers (miRNA-210, miRNA-199a and miRNA-21) as cases for multiplexed bio-assay. The high specificity and sensitivity were also demonstrated for the detection of miRNA-210. Overall, the proposed Tetra-FICT enriched the toolbox of fluorescence coding, which could be applied to multiplexing biomarkers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengren Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianqiang Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wattanathavorn W, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Buranapraditkun S, Kitkumthorn N, Sasivimolrattana T, Bhattarakosol P, Chaiwongkot A. Downregulation of LAMB3 Altered the Carcinogenic Properties of Human Papillomavirus 16-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2535. [PMID: 38473784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cervical cancer cases are caused by infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types. The mechanism of cervical cell transformation is related to the powerful action of viral oncoproteins and cellular gene alterations. Transcriptomic data from cervical cancer and normal cervical cells were utilized to identify upregulated genes and their associated pathways. The laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) mRNAwas overexpressed in cervical cancer and was chosen for functional analysis. The LAMB3 was predominantly expressed in the extracellular region and the plasma membrane, which play a role in protein binding and cell adhesion molecule binding, leading to cell migration and tissue development. LAMB3 was found to be implicated in the pathway in cancer and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. LAMB3 knockdown decreased cell migration, invasion, anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth and increased the number of apoptotic cells. These effects were linked to a decrease in protein levels involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and an increase in p53 protein. This study demonstrated that LAMB3 could promote cervical cancer cell migration, invasion and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warattaya Wattanathavorn
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 1873 Rama IV Road, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Arkom Chaiwongkot
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Jasim SA, Majeed AA, Uinarni H, Alshuhri M, Alzahrani AA, Ibrahim AA, Alawadi A, Abed Al-Abadi NK, Mustafa YF, Ahmed BA. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1 in drug resistance of cancers: Focus on pathological mechanisms. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155119. [PMID: 38309019 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
According to estimates, cancer will be the leading cause of death globally in 2022, accounting for 9.6 million deaths. At present, the three main therapeutic modalities utilized to treat cancer are radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. However, during treatment, tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy may arise. Drug resistance remains a major oppose since it often leads to therapeutic failure. Furthermore, the term "acquired drug resistance" describes the situation where tumor cells already display drug resistance before undergoing chemotherapy. However, little is still known about the basic mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced drug resistance. The development of new technologies and bioinformatics has led to the discovery of additional genes associated with drug resistance. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, according to a growing body of research. Apart from biological functions associated with cell division, development, pluripotency, and cell cycle, lncRNA PVT1 contributes significantly to the regulation of various aspects of genome function, such as transcription, splicing, and epigenetics. The article will address the mechanism by which lncRNA PVT1 influences drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq; Biotechnology department, College of Applied Science, Fallujah University, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Herlina Uinarni
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Indonesia; Radiology Department of Pantai Indah Kapuk Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Mohammed Alshuhri
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kharj, Sauadi Arabia
| | | | - Abeer A Ibrahim
- Inorganic Chemistry Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Batool Ali Ahmed
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Li F, Yu H, Qi A, Zhang T, Huo Y, Tu Q, Qi C, Wu H, Wang X, Zhou J, Hu L, Ouyang H, Pang D, Xie Z. Regulatory Non-Coding RNAs during Porcine Viral Infections: Potential Targets for Antiviral Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:118. [PMID: 38257818 PMCID: PMC10818342 DOI: 10.3390/v16010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs play important roles in agriculture and bio-medicine; however, porcine viral infections have caused huge losses to the pig industry and severely affected the animal welfare and social public safety. During viral infections, many non-coding RNAs are induced or repressed by viruses and regulate viral infection. Many viruses have, therefore, developed a number of mechanisms that use ncRNAs to evade the host immune system. Understanding how ncRNAs regulate host immunity during porcine viral infections is critical for the development of antiviral therapies. In this review, we provide a summary of the classification, production and function of ncRNAs involved in regulating porcine viral infections. Additionally, we outline pathways and modes of action by which ncRNAs regulate viral infections and highlight the therapeutic potential of artificial microRNA. Our hope is that this information will aid in the development of antiviral therapies based on ncRNAs for the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Aosi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Yuran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Qiuse Tu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Chunyun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Heyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Lanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zicong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (F.L.); (H.Y.); (A.Q.); (T.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.T.); (C.Q.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (J.Z.); (L.H.); (H.O.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Chongqing Jitang Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
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Wei L, Huang K, Han H, Liu RY. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Penile Cancer: Multidimensional Mechanisms and Vaccine Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16808. [PMID: 38069131 PMCID: PMC10706305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer (PC) is a rare male malignant tumor, with early lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of PC. This review aims to summarize the association between HPV infection and PC in terms of virus-host genome integration patterns (the disrupted regions in the HPV and PC genome), genetic alterations, and epigenetic regulation (methylation and microRNA modification) occurring in HPV and PC DNA, as well as tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming. In addition, the potential of HPV vaccination strategies for PC prevention and treatment is discussed. Understanding of the HPV-related multidimensional mechanisms and the application of HPV vaccines will promote rational and novel management of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (L.W.); (K.H.)
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kangbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (L.W.); (K.H.)
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (L.W.); (K.H.)
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ran-yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (L.W.); (K.H.)
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8
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Grafanaki K, Grammatikakis I, Ghosh A, Gopalan V, Olgun G, Liu H, Kyriakopoulos GC, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Stathopoulos C, Hannenhalli S, Merlino G, Marie KL, Day CP. Noncoding RNA circuitry in melanoma onset, plasticity, and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108466. [PMID: 37301330 PMCID: PMC10527631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the cancer of the melanocyte, is the deadliest form of skin cancer with an aggressive nature, propensity to metastasize and tendency to resist therapeutic intervention. Studies have identified that the re-emergence of developmental pathways in melanoma contributes to melanoma onset, plasticity, and therapeutic response. Notably, it is well known that noncoding RNAs play a critical role in the development and stress response of tissues. In this review, we focus on the noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small RNAs, for their functions in developmental mechanisms and plasticity, which drive onset, progression, therapeutic response and resistance in melanoma. Going forward, elucidation of noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms may provide insights that accelerate development of novel melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grafanaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Cancer Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arin Ghosh
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gulden Olgun
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George C Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Chi-Ping Day
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Valle-Mendiola A, Gutiérrez-Hoya A, Soto-Cruz I. JAK/STAT Signaling and Cervical Cancer: From the Cell Surface to the Nucleus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1141. [PMID: 37372319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway constitutes a rapid signaling module from the cell surface to the nucleus, and activates different cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and inflammation. When the JAK/STAT pathway is altered, it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. STAT proteins play a central role in developing cervical cancer, and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling may be necessary to induce tumor cell death. Several cancers show continuous activation of different STATs, including cervical cancer. The constitutive activation of STAT proteins is associated with a poor prognosis and overall survival. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 play an essential role in cervical cancer progression, and they activate the JAK/STAT pathway and other signals that induce proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, there is a crosstalk between the JAK/STAT signaling cascade with other signaling pathways, where a plethora of different proteins activate to induce gene transcription and cell responses that contribute to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shows promise as a new target in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway components and the role of the HPV oncoproteins associated with cellular malignancy through the JAK/STAT proteins and other signaling pathways to induce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle-Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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Hu C, Liu T, Zhang W, Sun Y, Jiang D, Zhang X, Liu Y, Mao S, Xu Y, Pan J, Wang J, Huang Y, Yang S, Yang K. miR-145 inhibits aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation of cervical cancer by acting on MYC. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22839. [PMID: 36946075 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201189rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half a million women are diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC) each year, with the incidence of CC stabilizing or rising in low-income and middle-income countries. Cancer cells use metabolic reprogramming to meet the needs of rapid proliferation, known as the Warburg effect, but the mechanism of the Warburg effect in CC remains unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) have a wide range of effects on gene expression and diverse modes of action, and they regulate genes for metabolic reprogramming. Dysregulation of miRNA expression leads to metabolic abnormalities in tumor cells and promotes tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we found that miR-145 was negatively correlated with metabolic reprogramming-related genes and prevented the proliferation and metastasis of CC cell lines by impeding aerobic glycolysis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-145 can bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of MYC. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-quantitative real-time PCR indicated that MYC was involved in the regulation of glycolysis-related genes. In addition, miR-145 mimics significantly suppressed the growth of CC cell xenograft tumor, prolonged the survival time of mice, and dramatically silenced the expression of tumor proliferation marker Ki-67. Therefore, the results suggested that miR-145 affects aerobic glycolysis through MYC, which may be a potential target for the treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyue Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyi Mao
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuya Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Varesano S, Pulliero A, Martorana E, Pizzino G, Raciti G, Coco S, Vellone VG, Izzotti A. Screening of Precancerous Lesions in Women with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection by Molecular Typing and MicroRNA Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030531. [PMID: 36983713 PMCID: PMC10058065 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is causatively associated with cervical cancer, the fourth most common malignant disease of women worldwide: (1) The aim of the proposed study is to implement routine diagnostics of HPV precancerous cervical lesions by introducing new molecular diagnostic tools. (2) Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with a total of twenty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical samples of various sample type (nine biopsy and thirteen conization) each patient had a previous abnormal results of pap test or HPV DNA test. Genotyping, viral load and co-infections were determined. For each patient, the individual expression of 2549 microRNAs were evaluated by microarray and qPCR. (3) Results: Our data demonstrates that the microRNAs were commonly expressed in tissues biopsies. miR 4485-5p, miR4485-3p and miR-4497 were highly down-regulated in tissue biopsies with HPV precancerous cervical lesions. (4) Conclusions: the introduction of a microRNA analysis panel can improve early diagnosis, understand the nature of the lesion and, consequently, improve the clinical management of patients with HPV precancerous cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Pulliero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0103538509
| | | | | | - Gabriele Raciti
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina (ME), 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio Gaetano Vellone
- Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Fetal and Perinatal Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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TRAVERSI DEBORAH, CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, FRANCESE CORINNE, FRANCHITTI ELENA, PULLIERO ALESSANDRA, SPATERA PAOLA, IZZOTTI ALBERTO, VENTURA CARLADELLA, LAI ALESSIA, BERGNA ANNALISA, GALLI MASSIMO, ZEHENDER GIANGUGLIELMO, TAMBURRO MANUELA, LOMBARDI ADELE, SALZO ANGELO, DE DONA ROBERTA, D’AMICO ANTONIO, VICCIONE VITTORIO, RIPABELLI GIANCARLO, BACCOLINI VALENTINA, MIGLIARA GIUSEPPE, PITINI ERICA, MARZUILLO CAROLINA, DE VITO CORRADO, PASTORINO ROBERTA, VILLARI PAOLO, BOCCIA STEFANIA. [Genomics in Public Health Scientific evidence and prospects for integration in the prevention practice]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 63:E1-E29. [PMID: 36818497 PMCID: PMC9910509 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.3s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DEBORAH TRAVERSI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italia
| | - GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - CORINNE FRANCESE
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italia
| | - ELENA FRANCHITTI
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italia
| | | | - PAOLA SPATERA
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - ALBERTO IZZOTTI
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italia
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italia
| | - CARLA DELLA VENTURA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milano, Italia
- EpiSoMi CRC-Centro di Ricerca Coordinato, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - ALESSIA LAI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milano, Italia
- EpiSoMi CRC-Centro di Ricerca Coordinato, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - ANNALISA BERGNA
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milano, Italia
- EpiSoMi CRC-Centro di Ricerca Coordinato, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - MASSIMO GALLI
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - GIANGUGLIELMO ZEHENDER
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, Milano, Italia
- EpiSoMi CRC-Centro di Ricerca Coordinato, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - MANUELA TAMBURRO
- Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - ADELE LOMBARDI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - ANGELO SALZO
- Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - ROBERTA DE DONA
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - ANTONIO D’AMICO
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - VITTORIO VICCIONE
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - GIANCARLO RIPABELLI
- Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute “Vincenzo Tiberio”, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
- Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - VALENTINA BACCOLINI
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | - GIUSEPPE MIGLIARA
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | | | - CAROLINA MARZUILLO
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | - CORRADO DE VITO
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | - ROBERTA PASTORINO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - PAOLO VILLARI
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | - STEFANIA BOCCIA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
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Aleman J, Young CD, Karam SD, Wang XJ. Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research? Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:5-23. [PMID: 35596706 PMCID: PMC9676410 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin-binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP-3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra- and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor-stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor-β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Aleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang Y, Li M, Zeng J, Yang Y, Li Z, Hu S, Yang F, Wang N, Wang W, Tie J. MiR-585-5p impedes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by orchestrating the interactions among CREB1, MAPK1 and MITF. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008195. [PMID: 36268034 PMCID: PMC9576935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant and lethal cancers worldwide. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators in the progression of GC. However, the underlying pathogenesis that miRNAs govern GC malignancy remains uncertain. Here, we identified a novel miR-585-5p as a key regulator in GC development.MethodsThe expression of miR-585-5p in the context of GC tissue was detected by in situ hybridization for GC tissue microarray and assessed by H-scoring. The gain- and loss-of-function analyses comprised of Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Transwell invasion and migration assay. The expression of downstream microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) were examined by Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The direct regulation between miR-585-5p and MITF/CREB1/MAPK1 were predicted by bioinformatic analysis and screened by luciferase reporter assay. The direct transcriptional activation of CREB1 on MITF was verified by luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). The interaction between MAPK1 and MITF was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescent double-labelled staining.ResultsMiR-585-5p is progressively downregulated in GC tissues and low miR-585-5p levels were strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Further gain- and loss-of-function analyses showed that miR-585-5p possesses strong anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic capacities in GC. Follow-up studies indicated that miR-585-5p targets the downstream molecules CREB1 and MAPK1 to regulate the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF, respectively, thus controlling its expression and cancer-promoting activity. MiR-585-5p directly and negatively regulates MITF together with CREB1 and MAPK1. According to bioinformatic analysis, promotor reporter gene assays, ChIP and EMSAs, CREB1 binds to the promotor region to enhance transcriptional expression of MITF. Co-IP and immunofluorescent double-labelled staining confirmed interaction between MAPK1 and MITF. Protein immunoprecipitation revealed that MAPK1 enhances MITF activity via phosphorylation (Ser73). MiR-585-5p can not only inhibit MITF expression directly, but also hinder MITF expression and pro-cancerous activity in a CREB1-/MAPK1-dependent manner indirectly.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study uncovered miR-585-5p impedes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by orchestrating the interactions among CREB1, MAPK1 and MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaoxia Zeng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zengshan Li
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenlan Wang
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tie, ; Wenlan Wang,
| | - Jun Tie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tie, ; Wenlan Wang,
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Choi PW, Liu TL, Wong CW, Liu SK, Lum YL, Ming WK. The Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in the Development of Cervical Pre-Cancer—An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137126. [PMID: 35806128 PMCID: PMC9266862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally in 2020, an estimated ~600,000 women were diagnosed with and 340,000 women died from cervical cancer. Compared to 2012, the number of cases increased by 7.5% and the number of deaths increased by 17%. MiRNAs are involved in multiple processes in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs in the pre-stage of cervical cancer is the focus of this review. Here we summarize the dysregulated miRNAs in clinical samples from cervical pre-cancer patients and relate them to the early transformation process owing to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical cells. When HPV infects the normal cervical cells, the DNA damage response is initiated with the involvement of HPV’s E1 and E2 proteins. Later, cell proliferation and cell death are affected by the E6 and E7 proteins. We find that the expressions of miRNAs in cervical pre-cancerous tissue revealed by different studies seldom agreed with each other. The discrepancy in sample types, samples’ HPV status, expression measurement, and methods for analysis contributed to the non-aligned results across studies. However, several miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-9, miR-21, miR-145, and miR-375) were found to be dysregulated across multiple studies. In addition, there are hints that the DNA damage response and cell growth response induced by HPV during the early transformation of the cervical cells are related to these miRNAs. Currently, no review articles analyse the relationship between the dysregulated miRNAs in cervical pre-cancerous tissue and their possible roles in the early processes involving HPV’s protein encoded by the early genes and DNA damage response during normal cell transformation. Our review provides insight on spotting miRNAs involved in the early pathogenic processes and pointing out their potential as biomarker targets of cervical pre-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Wah Choi
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Tin Lun Liu
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Chun Wai Wong
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Sze Kei Liu
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yick-Liang Lum
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-6956
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miR-218-5p/RUNX2 Axis Positively Regulates Proliferation and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136993. [PMID: 35805994 PMCID: PMC9267020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of miR-218-5p in cervical cancer (CC) cell lines decreases migration, invasion and proliferation. The objective was to identify target genes of miR-218-5p and the signaling pathways and cellular processes that they regulate. The relationship between the expression of miR-218-5p and RUNX2 and overall survival in CC as well as the effect of the exogenous overexpression of miR-218-5p on the level of RUNX2 were analyzed. The target gene prediction of miR-218-5p was performed in TargetScan, miRTarBase and miRDB. Predicted target genes were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The miR-218-5p mimetic was transfected into C-33A and CaSki cells, and the miR-218-5p and RUNX2 levels were determined by RT–qPCR. Of the 118 predicted targets for miR-218-5p, 86 are involved in protein binding, and 10, including RUNX2, are involved in the upregulation of proliferation. Low miR-218-5p expression and a high level of RUNX2 are related to poor prognosis in CC. miR-218-5p overexpression is related to decreased RUNX2 expression in C-33A and CaSki cells. miR-218-5p may regulate RUNX2, and both molecules may be prognostic markers in CC.
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Kwon AY, Jeong JY, Park H, Hwang S, Kim G, Kang H, Heo JH, Lee HJ, Kim TH, An HJ. miR-22-3p and miR-30e-5p Are Associated with Prognosis in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5623. [PMID: 35628433 PMCID: PMC9144648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in expression of miRNAs can cause various malignant changes and the metastatic process. Our aim was to identify the miRNAs involved in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and metastasis, and to test their utility as indicators of metastasis and survival. Using microarray technology, we performed miRNA expression profiling on primary cervical SqCC tissue (n = 6) compared with normal control (NC) tissue and compared SqCC that had (SqC-M; n = 3) and had not (SqC-NM; n = 3) metastasized. Four miRNAs were selected for validation by qRT-PCR on 29 SqC-NM and 27 SqC-M samples, and nine metastatic lesions (ML-SqC), from a total of 56 patients. Correlation of miRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed to evaluate the clinical impact of candidate miRNAs. We found 40 miRNAs differentially altered in cervical SqCC tissue: 21 miRNAs were upregulated and 19 were downregulated (≥2-fold, p < 0.05). Eight were differentially altered in SqC-M compared with SqC-NM samples: four were upregulated (miR-494, miR-92a-3p, miR-205-5p, and miR-221-3p), and four were downregulated (miR-574-3p, miR-4769-3p, miR-1281, and miR-1825) (≥1.5-fold, p < 0.05). MiR-22-3p might be a metastamiR, which was gradually further downregulated in SqC-NM > SqC-M > ML-SqC. Downregulation of miR-30e-5p significantly correlated with high stage, lymph node metastasis, and low survival rate, suggesting an independent poor prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- CHA Future Medical Research Institute, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kang
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
| | - Tae-Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (A.-Y.K.); (S.H.); (G.K.); (H.K.); (J.-H.H.); (H.J.L.); (T.-H.K.)
- Institute of Clinical Research, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Nazneen F, Millat MS, Barek MA, Aziz MA, Uddin MS, Jafrin S, Aka TD, Islam MS. Genetic Polymorphism of miR-218-2 (rs11134527) in Cervical Cancer: A Case-Control Study on the Bangladeshi Women. Microrna 2022; 10:219-224. [PMID: 34989332 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210715102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Cervical Cancer (CC) is disproportionately higher in developing countries. It is the second most frequent cancer type among Bangladeshi women and the major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, no previous data reported the association of miR-218-2 gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi cervical cancer patients. AIM This case-control study was designed to find the link between the rs11134527 polymorphism in miR-218-2 and CC. METHODS A total of 488 subjects were recruited, comprising 256 cervical cancer patients and 232 healthy females. Genotyping was conducted with the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique to detect the association. RESULTS The results of genotype data showed that rs11134527 was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both CC cases and controls (P >0.05). Overall, the polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer with AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR = 2.26, 95% Cl = 1.40-3.66, P = 0.0008), AA genotype (AA vs. GG: OR = 3.64, 95% Cl = 2.17-6.10, P <0.0001), dominant model (AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 2.75, 95% Cl = 1.75-4.31, P <0.0001), recessive model (AA vs. GG+AG: OR = 2.08, 95% Cl = 1.41-3.08, P = 0.0002), and A allele (A vs. G: OR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.51-2.51, P <0.0001). All of these correlations remained statistically significant after performing Bonferroni correction (P <0.008). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the rs11134527 polymorphism in the miR-218-2 gene contributes to the susceptibility of CC in Bangladeshi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Nazneen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Barek
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Md Sarowar Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Sarah Jafrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Tutun Das Aka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
| | - Md Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814,Bangladesh
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MicroRNA-214 in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123274. [PMID: 34943783 PMCID: PMC8699121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed, non-coding RNA molecules that mediate the post-transcriptional repression and degradation of mRNAs by targeting their 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR). Thousands of miRNAs have been identified since their first discovery in 1993, and miR-214 was first reported to promote apoptosis in HeLa cells. Presently, miR-214 is implicated in an extensive range of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, bone formation and cell differentiation. MiR-214 has shown pleiotropic roles in contributing to the progression of diseases such as gastric and lung cancers but may also confer cardioprotection against excessive fibrosis and oxidative damage. These contrasting functions are achieved through the diverse cast of miR-214 targets. Through silencing or overexpressing miR-214, the detrimental effects can be attenuated, and the beneficial effects promoted in order to improve health outcomes. Therefore, discovering novel miR-214 targets and understanding how miR-214 is dysregulated in human diseases may eventually lead to miRNA-based therapies. MiR-214 has also shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker in identifying breast cancer and coronary artery disease. This review provides an up-to-date discussion of miR-214 literature by describing relevant roles in health and disease, areas of disagreement, and the future direction of the field.
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Dang S, Zhang R, Tian S, Hou P, Li G, Ji M. MicroRNA‑218 inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioma by modulating the TNC/AKT/AP‑1/TGFβ1 feedback signaling loop. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:205. [PMID: 34558654 PMCID: PMC8480380 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most malignant and common tumors of the human brain, and the prognosis of glioma patients is extremely poor MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play critical roles in different types of cancer by performing post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression Although miR-218 has been demonstrated to be decreased in gliomas, its role in gliomas remains largely unknown miR-218 expression was analyzed in gliomas and normal brain tissues (control subjects) using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas A series of in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the biological roles of miR-218 in glioma cells Potential targets of miR-218 were identified using a dual-luciferase reporter system Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter system experiments were performed to evaluate the regulatory effect of miR-218 on the tenascin C (TNC)/AKT/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) pathway It was demonstrated that miR-218 was significantly downregulated in gliomas compared with control subjects, and played potent tumor suppressor roles in glioma cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, as well as inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis Mechanistically, miR-218 inhibited malignant phenotypes of glioma cells by binding to the 3′-untranslated region of its target TNC and subsequently suppressing its expression As a result, miR-218 could reduce AKT phosphorylation and subsequently inhibit transcriptional activity of AP-1 by reducing JNK phosphorylation, downregulating the expression of TGFβ1, while TGFβ1 was able to, in turn, activate the TNC/AKT/AP-1 signaling axis Our data revealed a previously unknown tumor suppressor role of miR-218 by blocking the TNC/AKT/AP-1/TGFβ1-positive feedback loop in glioma
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Dang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Tian
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Genomic Characterization and Therapeutic Targeting of HPV Undetected Cervical Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184551. [PMID: 34572780 PMCID: PMC8467954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Persistent HPV infection is a known driver of cervical carcinogenesis, but the existence and biological relevance of HPV undetected (HPVU) cervical cancer has been debated. Here we report the results of detailed molecular classification of HPVU cervical cancer, and validate HPVU as a biomarker of poor outcomes. We identify that HPVU cervical cancer tumors harbor mutations affecting cell cycle progression, and in vitro experiments reveal HPVU, but not HPV+, cells are sensitive to palbociclib monotherapy. HPVU status can be translated into the clinic as a predictive biomarker of poor patient response to standard of care treatments and these patients may benefit from personalized treatment plans. Our results identify palbociclib as a lead candidate as an alternative treatment strategy for HPVU cervical cancer patients. We also suggest that primary cervix tumors be routinely tested for HPV prior to treatment to identify patients who will benefit from more aggressive precision-driven therapy. Abstract Cervical cancer tumors with undetectable HPV (HPVU) have been underappreciated in clinical decision making. In this study, two independent CC datasets were used to characterize the largest cohort of HPVU tumors to date (HPVU = 35, HPV+ = 430). Genomic and transcriptome tumor profiles and patient survival outcomes were compared between HPV+ and HPVU tumors. In vitro analyses were done to determine efficacy of the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on HPVU cancer cell lines. Patients with HPVU CC tumors had worse progression-free and overall survival outcomes compared to HPV+ patients. TP53, ARID1A, PTEN, ARID5B, CTNNB1, CTCF, and CCND1 were identified as significantly mutated genes (SMGs) enriched in HPVU tumors, with converging functional roles in cell cycle progression. In vitro HPVU, but not HPV+, cancer cell lines with wild type RB1 were sensitive to palbociclib monotherapy. These results indicate that HPVU status can be translated into the clinic as a predictive biomarker of poor patient response to standard of care treatments. We suggest primary cervix tumors be routinely tested for HPV prior to treatment to identify patients who will benefit from more aggressive precision-driven therapy. Our results identify palbociclib as a lead candidate as an alternative treatment strategy for HPVU CC patients.
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Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Rezaei G. Inter-regulatory role of microRNAs in interaction between viruses and stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:985-1004. [PMID: 34567421 PMCID: PMC8422934 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for post-transcriptional regulatory ability over specific mRNA targets. miRNAs exhibit temporal or tissue-specific expression patterns and regulate the cell and tissue developmental pathways. They also have determinative roles in production and differentiation of multiple lineages of stem cells and might have therapeutic advantages. miRNAs are a part of some viruses’ regulatory machinery, not a byproduct. The trace of miRNAs was detected in the genomes of viruses and regulation of cell reprograming and viral pathogenesis. Combination of inter-regulatory systems has been detected for miRNAs during viral infections in stem cells. Contraction between viruses and stem cells may be helpful in therapeutic tactics, pathogenesis, controlling viral infections and defining stem cell developmental strategies that is programmed by miRNAs as a tool. Therefore, in this review we intended to study the inter-regulatory role of miRNAs in the interaction between viruses and stem cells and tried to explain the advantages of miRNA regulatory potentials, which make a new landscape for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
| | - Ghazal Rezaei
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
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Al Bitar S, Ballouz T, Doughan S, Gali-Muhtasib H, Rizk N. Potential role of micro ribonucleic acids in screening for anal cancer in human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus related malignancies. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2021; 12:59-83. [PMID: 34354849 PMCID: PMC8316837 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v12.i4.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue owing to the increased mortality rates related to the prevalent oncogenic viruses among people living with HIV (PLWH). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease in both men and women worldwide. High-risk or oncogenic HPV types are associated with the development of HPV-related malignancies, including cervical, penile, and anal cancer, in addition to oral cancers. The incidence of anal squamous cell cancers is increasing among PLWH, necessitating the need for reliable screening methods in this population at risk. In fact, the currently used screening methods, including the Pap smear, are invasive and are neither sensitive nor specific. Investigators are interested in circulatory and tissue micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as these small non-coding RNAs are ideal biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of cancer. Multiple miRNAs are deregulated during HIV and HPV infection and their deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of disease. Here, we will review the molecular basis of HIV and HPV co-infections and focus on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of anal cancer in PLWH. The limitations of screening for anal cancer and the need for a reliable screening program that involves specific miRNAs with diagnostic and therapeutic values is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Tala Ballouz
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Samer Doughan
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology and Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nesrine Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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Karimi F, Mollaei H. Potential of miRNAs in cervical cancer chemoresistance. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu S, Lu D, Zheng X, Xu J, Li Z, Deng L, Hu Y. Dysregulation of autophagy-associated microRNAs in condyloma acuminatum. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104878. [PMID: 33905885 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Condyloma acuminatum, which is caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (lrHPV) infection, is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Autophagy is thought to be associated with condyloma acuminatum, but how the autophagy process is regulated remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene transcription that play a central role in many biological processes, including autophagy and viral infection. This study was designed to identify autophagy-related miRNAs and their targets in condyloma acuminatum and to validate their expression. The levels of the autophagy proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and P62/SQSTM1 (P62) were abnormally increased in the local lesion tissue of condyloma acuminatum patients compared with healthy controls. MiRNAs and their target mRNAs in condyloma acuminatum patients were analyzed by bioinformatics. Eighty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 56 were downregulated and 25 were upregulated. Two of the differentially expressed miRNAs associated with autophagy, miRNA-30a-5p and miRNA-514a-3p, were analyzed further, and their target genes were identified as autophagy-related protein (Atg) 5 and Atg12 and Atg3 and Atg12, respectively. The expression levels of miRNA-30a-5p and miRNA-514a-3p were decreased and those of Atg5, Atg12 and Atg3 were increased in condyloma acuminatum patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, miRNA-30a-5p and miRNA-514a-3p expression correlated with the proliferation index Ki-67 in condyloma acuminatum. Taken together, our results suggest that the changes in autophagy levels in patients with condyloma acuminatum may be related to the changes in miRNA-30a-5p and miRNA-514a-3p expression. This study provides a theoretical basis for identifying new mechanisms that link miRNAs, HPV infection and host autophagy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Dermatology Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinkai Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Dermatology Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Dermatology Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Laser Cosmetology, The fifth people's hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Dermatology Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Dermatology Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Okoye JO, Ngokere AA, Onyenekwe CC, Omotuyi O, Dada DI. Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2 co-presence severely dysregulates miRNA expression. Afr J Lab Med 2021; 10:975. [PMID: 33824853 PMCID: PMC8008003 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated the expression of miR-let-7b, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155, miR-182, miR-200c, p53 gene, Ki67, SCCA1 and CD4+ T-cell counts among 319 women, to Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2 mono-infections and co-infections, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods. This study suggests that malignancies associated with viral co-infection could be diagnosed early by monitoring cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and serum expression of miR-145 and miR-182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude O Okoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Anthony A Ngokere
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Charles C Onyenekwe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Olaposi Omotuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Deborah I Dada
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Scarth JA, Patterson MR, Morgan EL, Macdonald A. The human papillomavirus oncoproteins: a review of the host pathways targeted on the road to transformation. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001540. [PMID: 33427604 PMCID: PMC8148304 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is the causal factor in over 99 % of cervical cancer cases, and a significant proportion of oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. The key drivers of HPV-mediated transformation are the oncoproteins E5, E6 and E7. Together, they act to prolong cell-cycle progression, delay differentiation and inhibit apoptosis in the host keratinocyte cell in order to generate an environment permissive for viral replication. The oncoproteins also have key roles in mediating evasion of the host immune response, enabling infection to persist. Moreover, prolonged infection within the cellular environment established by the HR-HPV oncoproteins can lead to the acquisition of host genetic mutations, eventually culminating in transformation to malignancy. In this review, we outline the many ways in which the HR-HPV oncoproteins manipulate the host cellular environment, focusing on how these activities can contribute to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Scarth
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Molly R. Patterson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ethan L. Morgan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Present address: Tumour Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, UK
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Gu D, Ahn SH, Eom S, Lee HS, Ham J, Lee DH, Cho YK, Koh Y, Ignatova E, Jang ES, Chi SW. AGO-accessible anticancer siRNAs designed with synergistic miRNA-like activity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1172-1190. [PMID: 33664996 PMCID: PMC7900643 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) therapeutically induce RNA interference (RNAi) of disease-causing genes, but they also silence hundreds of seed-matched off-targets as behaving similar to microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs control the pathophysiology of tumors, wherein their accessible binding sites can be sequenced by Argonaute crosslinking immunoprecipitation (AGO CLIP). Herein, based on AGO CLIP, we develop potent anticancer siRNAs utilizing miRNA-like activity (mi/siRNAs). The mi/siRNAs contain seed sequences (positions 2-7) of tumor-suppressive miRNAs while maintaining perfect sequence complementarity to the AGO-accessible tumor target sites. Initially, host miRNA interactions with human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) were identified in cervical cancer by AGO CLIP, revealing tumor-suppressive activity of miR-1/206 and miR-218. Based on the AGO-miRNA binding sites, mi/siRNAs were designed to target E6 and E7 (E6/E7) transcript with seed sequences of miR-1/206 (206/E7) and miR-218 (218/E7). Synergistic anticancer activity of 206/E7 and 218/E7 was functionally validated and confirmed via RNA sequencing and in vivo xenograft models (206/E7). Other mi/siRNA sequences were additionally designed for cervical, ovarian, and breast cancer, and available as an online tool (http://ago.korea.ac.kr/misiRNA); some of the mi/siRNAs were validated for their augmented anticancer activity (206/EphA2 and 206/Her2). mi/siRNAs could coordinate miRNA-like activity with robust siRNA function, demonstrating the potential of AGO CLIP analysis for RNAi therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowoon Gu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | - Sangkyeong Eom
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea.,EncodeGEN, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06329, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Juyoung Ham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Dong Ha Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - You Kyung Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | - Yongjun Koh
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
| | | | - Eun-Sook Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea.,EncodeGEN, Co., Ltd., Seoul 06329, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Korea
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Zhang C, Chen H, Deng Z, Long D, Xu L, Liu Z. DGCR8/miR-106 Axis Enhances Radiosensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas by Downregulating RUNX3. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:582097. [PMID: 33385002 PMCID: PMC7770216 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.582097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, and the radiotherapy effect is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the mechanism of HPV E7 and its effects on radiosensitivity in HNSCC cells. Methods: The mRNA expression of DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8), has-miR-106a, and Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The protein expression of DGCR8, E7, RUNX3, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)/cleaved PARP, and γH2AX was measured by Western blot. The expression level of DGCR8 was measured by immunofluorescence assay. Starbase database (http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn/) was used to analyze the correlation between has-miR-106a-5p and DGCR8. TargetScan database (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_72/) was adopted to calculate the prediction of binding sites. Radiosensitivity was evaluated through clone formation assays and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Results: In our study, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HPV E7 and DGCR8 in HPV-positive HNSCC cells were higher than those in HPV-negative cells. The expression of DGCR8 was increased in FaDu and UM-SCC-4 with E7 overexpression, while the expression of DGCR8 was decreased in UM-SCC-47 and UPCI-SCC-090 with E7 silence. The miR-106a expression was increased after DGCR8 overexpression in FaDu and UM-SCC-4. However, the miR-106a expression was decreased in UM-SCC-47 and UPCI-SCC-090 with E7 silence. In radiation conditions, clone formation assays found that less clones formed in FaDu and UM-SCC-4 cells subsequent to silencing DGCR8 or miR-106a than that in the control group, and more clones were formed in UM-SCC-47 and UPCI-SCC-090 cells overexpressing DGCR8 or miR-106a than that in the control group. Luciferase reporter gene assays verified that miR-106a targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of RUNX3 mRNA. MiR-106a overexpression resulted in a decrease in RUNX3 expression, and miR-106a silence increased RUNX3 expression. Rescue experiments conducted with miR-106a inhibitor restored radiation resistance and reduced DNA damage in radiation condition. Conclusions: Our study indicated that HPV E7 activated DGCR8/miR-106a/RUNX3 axis to enhance radiation sensitivity and provided directions for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hangqi Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zeyi Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Tian W, Yuan X, Song Y, Zhai J, Wei H, Wang L, Li D, Chen Q. miR-218 inhibits glucose metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:106. [PMID: 33335569 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose metabolism is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer and increased expression levels of several key factors involved in glucose metabolism have been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies showed that microRNA (miR)-218 is reduced in NSCLC, but its function in glucose metabolism in NSCLC is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-218 on glucose metabolism in NSCLC cell lines and the underlying molecular mechanism. The present results suggested that miR-218 reduced glucose consumption, the mechanism of glycolysis and activity in the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was identified to be a direct target of miR-218, while overexpression of GLUT1 did not abolish the effect of miR-218 on glucose metabolism. The present results indicated that phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased by miR-218 in NSCLC cells and that activation of NF-κB led to the inhibition of miR-218 regulation of glucose metabolism. In conclusion, the present results suggested that miR-218 downregulated glucose metabolism in NSCLC not only by directly targeting GLUT1, but also via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and Institute of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yongna Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxia Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Linna Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Pan E, Zhao C, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang S, Pu Y, Yin L. Synergism of HPV and MNNG repress miR-218 promoting Het-1A cell malignant transformation by targeting GAB2. Toxicology 2020; 447:152635. [PMID: 33189795 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is induced during tumorigenesis. Our previous research suggested that HPV and MNNG led to malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells. To investigate the regulation and function of miR-218(miR-218-5p) during the malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, we found miR-218 was inhibited synergistically by HPV and MNNG, suppressing cell proliferation, migration and invasion by up-regulating 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) GAB2 in Het-1A-HPV-MNNG cells (malignant Het-1A cells induced by HPV and MNNG). A negative correlation was found between miR-218 and GAB2 mRNA expression in esophageal cancer patients and control people. GAB2 was up-regulated in Het-1A-HPV-MNNG cells. Further, down-expression of GAB2 reversed HPV&MNNG-mediated activation of migration and invasion and repressed SHP2/ERK and Akt/mTOR pathway signaling. In conclusion, miR-218 partially accounts for the prevention effect during malignant transformation of normal esophageal epithelial cells, which targets GAB2, which supplies the potential treatment in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang H. Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, Vaccination and Virus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4579-4588. [PMID: 31820697 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191210155059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an acute autoimmune disorder. The symptoms range from psychiatric symptoms, movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. Previous studies revealed that vaccination might induce this disease. A few cases were reported to be related to H1N1 vaccine, tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and polio vaccine, and Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Although vaccination is a useful strategy to prevent infectious diseases, in a low risk, it may trigger serious neurological symptoms. In addition to anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, other neurological diseases were reported to be associated with a number of vaccines. In this paper, the anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis cases related to a number of vaccines and other neurological symptoms that might be induced by these vaccines were reviewed. In addition, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis cases that were induced by virus infection were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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33
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miR-9, miR-21, miR-27b, and miR-34a Expression in HPV16/58/52-Infected Cervical Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2474235. [PMID: 33015156 PMCID: PMC7519443 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2474235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the expression of miR-9, miR-21, miR-27b, and miR-34a related with E6/E7 in HPV16-, HPV52-, and HPV58-infected cervical cancer patients and explore their possible role in cervical cancer with HPV infection. The expression levels of 4 miRNAs were detected in cervical exfoliated cells using qRT-PCR. In the current study, miR-34a expression was significantly upregulated in HPV-positive cervical cancer compared with the HPV-negative healthy population and HPV-positive CIN, but just the expression of miR-34a in HPV16 cervical cancer was statistically significant, and the expression of HPV52 and HPV58 was not statistically significant. The expression of miR-21 increased in HPV-positive cervical cancer compared with HPV-positive CIN, but only HPV16-infected cervical cancer had statistical significance compared with HPV16-infected CIN. By observing the change trend of each subtype group, we can show that the expression of miR-9 in HPV16 CIN was opposite to the other subtypes, and it was upregulated, compared with HPV58 CIN, and significantly increased. The level change of miR-27b in HPV58 cervical cancer and HPV58 CIN was opposite to the other subtypes; unlike the expression of miR-27b which was upregulated in HPV16 and HPV52 infected, it was downregulated compared with Normal. We also found that the expression of miR-34a and miR-9 was contrary to other studies. These findings indicate that the upregulated miR-21 expression may be a biomarker to distinguish between CC and CIN. miR-34a in HPV infection, especially in HPV16 infection, might be related to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. The infection of different subtypes may play different roles in disease by activating different mechanisms; miRNAs play a very complex role in tumorigenesis and development, and there may be multiple targets in which multiple mechanisms play a role.
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Sharma PC, Gupta A. MicroRNAs: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5798-5818. [PMID: 35117940 PMCID: PMC8798648 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the tumor environment and underlying genetic factors helps in the better formulation of cancer management strategies. Availability of efficient diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers facilitates early detection and progression of the disease. MicroRNAs affect different biological processes participating in tumorigenesis through regulation of their target genes. An expanding list of unique RNAs and understanding of their regulatory role has opened up a new field in cancer research. Based on a comprehensive literature search, we identified 728 miRNAs dysregulated in sixteen cancer types namely bladder cancer (BC), breast cancer (BrC), cervical cancer (CC), colorectal cancer (CRC), esophageal cancer (EC), endometrial cancer (EnC), gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular cancer (HCC), head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), lung cancer (LC), ovarian cancer (OC), pancreatic cancer (PC), prostate cancer (PrC), renal cell cancer (RCC), skin cancer (SC), and thyroid cancer (TC). Expression of 43 miRNAs was either upregulated or downregulated in six or more of these cancers. Finally, seven miRNAs namely mir-18a, mir-21, mir-143/145, mir-210, mir-218, mir-221, showing maximum dysregulation, either up- or down-regulation in the majority of cancers, were selected for a detailed presentation of their expression and evaluation of their potential as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chand Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alisha Gupta
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
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Sodeke SO, Powell LR. Paying Tribute to Henrietta Lacks at Tuskegee University and at The Virginia Henrietta Lacks Commission, Richmond, Virginia. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2020; 30:1-11. [PMID: 31735712 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2019.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Miao J, Regenstein JM, Xu D, Zhou D, Li H, Zhang H, Li C, Qiu J, Chen X. The roles of microRNA in human cervical cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 690:108480. [PMID: 32681832 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although a potentially preventable disease, cervical cancer (CC) is the second most commonly diagnosed gynaecological cancer with at least 530,000 new cases annually, and the prognosis with CC is still poor. Studies suggest that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) contributes to the progression of CC. As a group of small non-coding RNA with 18-25 nucleotides, miRNA regulate about one-third of all human genes. They function by repressing translation or inducing mRNA cleavage or degradation, including genes involved in diverse and important cellular processes, including cell cycling, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Results showed that misexpression of miRNA is closely related to the onset and progression of CC. This review will provide an overview of the function of miRNA in CC and the mechanisms involved in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150010, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Ward, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China.
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R & D on Tropical Herbs, Haikou, Hainan, 570100, China
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Casarotto M, Fanetti G, Guerrieri R, Palazzari E, Lupato V, Steffan A, Polesel J, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Fratta E. Beyond MicroRNAs: Emerging Role of Other Non-Coding RNAs in HPV-Driven Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051246. [PMID: 32429207 PMCID: PMC7281476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) leads to the development of several tumors, including cervical, oropharyngeal, and anogenital squamous cell carcinoma. In the last years, the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed a number of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), distinct from micro RNAs (miRNAs), that are deregulated in HPV-driven cancers, thus suggesting that HPV infection may affect their expression. However, since the knowledge of ncRNAs is still limited, a better understanding of ncRNAs biology, biogenesis, and function may be challenging for improving the diagnosis of HPV infection or progression, and for monitoring the response to therapy of patients affected by HPV-driven tumors. In addition, to establish a ncRNAs expression profile may be instrumental for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Therefore, this review will address novel classes of ncRNAs that have recently started to draw increasing attention in HPV-driven tumors, with a particular focus on ncRNAs that have been identified as a direct target of HPV oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Casarotto
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Fanetti
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (G.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Elisa Palazzari
- Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (G.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Division of Otolaryngology, General Hospital “Santa Maria degli Angeli”, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Division of Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390434659569
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Rousselle P, Scoazec JY. Laminin 332 in cancer: When the extracellular matrix turns signals from cell anchorage to cell movement. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:149-165. [PMID: 31639412 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Laminin 332 is crucial in the biology of epithelia. This large extracellular matrix protein consists of the heterotrimeric assembly of three subunits - α3, β3, and γ2 - and its multifunctionality relies on a number of extracellular proteolytic processing events. Laminin 332 is central to normal epithelium homeostasis by sustaining cell adhesion, polarity, proliferation, and differentiation. It also supports a major function in epithelial tissue formation, repair, and regeneration by buttressing cell migration and survival and basement membrane assembly. Interest in this protein increased after the discovery that its expression is perturbed in tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the established involvement of the laminin 332 γ2 chain in tumor invasiveness and discusses the role of its α3 and β3 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367, France.
| | - Jean Yves Scoazec
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France; Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Tornesello ML, Faraonio R, Buonaguro L, Annunziata C, Starita N, Cerasuolo A, Pezzuto F, Tornesello AL, Buonaguro FM. The Role of microRNAs, Long Non-coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:150. [PMID: 32154165 PMCID: PMC7044410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged infection of uterine cervix epithelium with human papillomavirus (HPV) and constitutive expression of viral oncogenes have been recognized as the main cause of the complex molecular changes leading to transformation of cervical epithelial cells. Deregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNA) is involved in the initiation and promotion processes of cervical cancer development. Expression profiling of small RNAs in cervical neoplasia revealed up-regulated “oncogenic” miRNAs, such as miR-10a, miR-21, miR-19, and miR-146a, and down regulated “tumor suppressive” miRNAs, including miR-29a, miR-372, miR-214, and miR-218, associated with cell growth, malignant transformation, cell migration, and invasion. Also several lncRNAs, comprising among others HOTAIR, MALAT1, GAS5, and MEG3, have shown to be associated with various pathogenic processes such as tumor progression, invasion as well as therapeutic resistance and emerged as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cervical cancer. Moreover, human genes encoded circular RNAs, such as has_circ-0018289, have shown to sponge specific miRNAs and to concur to the deregulation of target genes. Viral encoded circE7 has also demonstrated to overexpress E7 oncoprotein thus contributing to cell transformation. In this review, we summarize current literature on the complex interplay between miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs and their role in cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Cancer Immunoregulation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Annunziata
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Noemy Starita
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pezzuto
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Maria Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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Jamal A, Shahid I, Naveed Shahid M, Saleh Alshmemri M, Saeed Bahwerth F. Human Papillomavirus, MicroRNA and their Role in Cervical Cancer Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment Response: A Comprehensive Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:977-988. [PMID: 32700847 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.977.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted and linked with vaginal, vulvar and cervix cancers in females, penile cancer in male, while anal and oropharyngeal cancer in both genders. Cervical cancer is ranked as third most identified cancer among females globally and is the fourth leading reason of cancer related mortality. The main aim of current study is to highlight the key role of miRNA in cervical cancer development, progression and their therapeutic responses. Current study entailed more than 50 PubMed cited articles related to miRNA role in cervical cancer. Studies have elucidated the role of miRNAs regulation in gene expression at post-transcriptional and translational level by targeting significant genes and therefore involved in cervical cancer. miRNAs control several cellular pathways involved in development of pre-malignant to metastatic stage and proliferation to malignancy. Current review elucidated and elaborated the key role of miRNA their application, treatment and therapeutic responses in cervical cancer.
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Sammarco ML, Tamburro M, Pulliero A, Izzotti A, Ripabelli G. Human Papillomavirus Infections, Cervical Cancer and MicroRNAs: An Overview and Implications for Public Health. Microrna 2020; 9:174-186. [PMID: 31738147 PMCID: PMC7366004 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666191026115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is among the most common sexually transmitted infections in both females and males across the world that generally do not cause symptoms and are characterized by high rates of clearance. Persistent infections due at least to twelve well-recognized High-Risk (HR) or oncogenic genotypes, although less frequent, can occur, leading to diseases and malignancies, principally cervical cancer. Three vaccination strategies are currently available for preventing certain HR HPVs-associated diseases, infections due to HPV6 and HPV11 low-risk types, as well as for providing cross-protection against non-vaccine genotypes. Nevertheless, the limited vaccine coverage hampers reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases globally. For HR HPV types, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins are needed for cancer development. As for other tumors, even in cervical cancer, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in posttranscriptional regulation, resulting in aberrant expression profiles. In this study, we provide a summary of the epidemiological background for HPV occurrence and available immunization programs. In addition, we present an overview of the most relevant evidence of miRNAs deregulation in cervical cancer, underlining that targeting these biomolecules could lead to wide translational perspectives, allowing better diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics, and with valuable applications in the field of prevention. The literature on this topic is rapidly growing, but advanced investigations are required to achieve more consistent findings on the up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis. Because the expression of miRNAs is heterogeneously reported, it may be valuable to assess factors and risks related to individual susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giancarlo Ripabelli
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy; Tel: +39 0874 404961/743; Fax: +39 0874 404778; E-mail:
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Bai H, Wu S. miR-451: A Novel Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11069-11082. [PMID: 31908476 PMCID: PMC6924581 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded small RNAs involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ontogeny, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They can also function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent studies have revealed that miRNA-451 (miR-451) is involved in the regulation of various human physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that miR-451 not only directly affects the biological functions of tumor cells but also indirectly affects tumor cell invasion and metastasis upon secretion into the tumor microenvironment via exosomes. Thus, miR-451 also influences the progression of tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This review summarizes the expression of miR-451 in various cancer types and the relationship between miR-451 and the diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance of solid tumors. In addition, we address possible mechanisms of action of miR-451 and its potential application as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhui Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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From squamous intraepithelial lesions to cervical cancer: Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pang F, Chen Z, Wang C, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Yang X, Zheng Y, Liu A, Cheng Y, Chen J, Li B, Du L, Wang F. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs in MDBK cells expressing bovine papillomavirus E5 oncogene. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8098. [PMID: 31772843 PMCID: PMC6876490 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) causes fibropapillomas or bladder cancer in cattle. E5 is the major oncogene of δBPVs; however, the influence that E5 oncogene has on host microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles remains little elucidated. In the present study, small RNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in miRNAs and mRNAs in E5 over-expressing Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells compared with controls. In total, 77 miRNAs (including 30 bovine-derived miRNAs) and 223 genes were differentially expressed (DE) following E5 overexpression. The dysregulated genes were mainly involved in metabolic and biosynthetic processes. We constructed a potential miRNA-gene regulatory network from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DE miRNAs. Finally, 22 DEGs and nine DE miRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Of these, downregulation of six miRNAs, bta-miR-34c, bta-miR-122, bta-miR-195, bta-miR-449b, bta-miR-2425-5p, and bta-miR-2428-3p were confirmed; In addition, upregulation of 16 genes, ACSS2, DDIT4, INHBE, INSIG1, PNRC1, PSAT1, PSPH, PYCR1, SC4MOL, SLC34A2, SCD, SPARC, IDI1, PCK2, HMGCS1, and SMIM14 and downregulation of two genes, BATF3 and WFDC2 were confirmed. Specially, bta-miR-34c and bta-miR-449b potentially regulated PYCR1 and DDIT4, which were involved in cancer progression and angiogenesis. Our study presented for the first time the comprehensive miRNA and mRNA alterations in MDBK cells expressing the BPV E5 oncogene, providing new insights into the tumorigenesis induced by BPV E5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Liu Z, Mao L, Wang L, Zhang H, Hu X. miR‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:209-219. [PMID: 31746391 PMCID: PMC6896272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous microRNA (miR) microarray analysis revealed that miR‑218 is downregulated in cervical cancer tissues. The present study aimed to further evaluate the expression of miR‑218 in cervical cancer specimens, determine the association between its expression with disease progression, and investigate the roles of miR‑218 in cervical cancer cells. Tissue specimens were obtained from 80 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 30 patients with high‑grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [(CIN) II/III] and 15 patients with low‑grade CIN (CINI); in addition, 60 plasma samples were obtained from patients with cervical cancer, and 15 normal cervical tissue specimens and 30 plasma samples were obtained from healthy women. These samples were used for analysis of miR‑218 expression via reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR. In addition, tumor cells were transfected with miR‑218 mimics, human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/E7 small interfering RNA, or their respective negative controls to determine the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion of cells using MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Target genes of miR‑218 were bioinformatically predicted and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The results revealed that miR‑218 was downregulated in the tumor tissues and plasma of patients with cervical cancer, with expression associated with the advanced clinicopathological characteristics of patients, including HPV positivity, tumor size, blood vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, miR‑218 overexpression reduced tumor cell viability and xenograft growth, and suppressed tumor cell migration and invasion. HPV was detected in 75% of the 80 patients with cervical cancer, and HPV positivity was inversely associated with miR‑218 expression. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted that roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) was a target gene of miR‑218; miR‑218 overexpression significantly reduced ROBO1 levels. Furthermore, GO analysis revealed that ROBO1 was involved in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, and the cell cycle. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that miR‑218 may possess antitumor activities in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Gao W, Cui H, Li Q, Zhong H, Yu J, Li P, He X. Upregulation of microRNA-218 reduces cardiac microvascular endothelial cells injury induced by coronary artery disease through the inhibition of HMGB1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3079-3095. [PMID: 31566720 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study is performed to examine the impacts of microRNA-218 (miR-218) on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) injury induced by coronary artery disease (CAD). Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied for detecting miR-218 expression in serum of patients with CAD and healthy controls, and the correlation between miR-218 expression and the clinical indexes such as creatine kinase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, cardiac troponin I, and coronary Gensini score was analyzed. CMECs were coincubated with homocysteine for 24 hr for CMECs injury, and the cells were transfected with miR-218 mimics or miR-218 inhibitors. Besides, we used oxidized low density lipoprotein as an inducer to incubate with CMECs for 24 hr, and the model of CMECs injury was established to be transfected with miR-218 mimics. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were used to detect miR-218 and HMGB1 expression in CMECs. A series of experiments were used to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis ability of CMECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and inflammatory factor contents were measured. The obtained results suggested that miR-218 expression in peripheral blood of patients with CAD descended substantially versus that of healthy controls. Low miR-218 expression was found in CAD-induced CMECs injury. Overexpressed miR-218 promoted the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis ability, induced apoptosis, and alleviated the inflammatory injury of CAD-induced CMECs. miR-218 may negatively regulate the expression of HMGB1 in CAD. This study demonstrates that upregulation of miR-218 reduces CMECs injury induced by CAD through the inhibition of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Hangzhouwan Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanbin Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qianjun Li
- Department of Respiratory, No. 2 Hospital Yinzhou County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, No. 2 Hospital Yinzhou County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Pathology, No. 2 Hospital Yinzhou County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 2 Hospital Yinzhou County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xijie He
- Department of Cardiology, No. 2 Hospital Yinzhou County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yin Y, Li X, Guo Z, Zhou F. MicroRNA‑381 regulates the growth of gastric cancer cell by targeting TWIST1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4376-4382. [PMID: 31545430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has one of the highest mortality rates among all types of cancer in the world. At present, an efficient treatment for GC remains elusive. Studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRs) are abnormally expressed in cancer, and that these serve important roles in the development and metastasis of various human tumors, including GC. It has been suggested that regulation of miRs may bring about new developments in GC therapy. miR‑381 has been reported to be downregulated in human cancer, and it regulates cancer cell growth in numerous types of cancer. The present study reports that miR‑381 was downregulated in GC cells, and upregulation of miR‑381 may inhibit GC cell growth, which may be attributed to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. Furthermore, Twist‑related protein 1 (TWIST1) was predicted and confirmed to be a direct target of miR‑381 by dual‑luciferase assay in GC. Upregulation of miR‑381 caused a decrease in the expression of TWIST1 at the mRNA and protein levels in GC cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that miR‑381 is downregulated in GC cells, and that miR‑381 may inhibit GC cell growth. Therefore, miR‑381 may serve as a novel target for the clinical treatment of GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Yin
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine‑Oncology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Zongquan Guo
- Digestive Department, Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Synergistic anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel and miR-34a combined with ultrasound microbubbles on cervical cancer in vivo and in vitro. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:60-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Nahand JS, Taghizadeh-Boroujeni S, Karimzadeh M, Borran S, Pourhanifeh MH, Moghoofei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Karampoor S, Jafari A, Asemi Z, Tbibzadeh A, Namdar A, Mirzaei H. microRNAs: New prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17064-17099. [PMID: 30891784 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is as a kind of cancer beginning from the cervix. Given that cervical cancer could be observed in women who infected with papillomavirus, regular oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. Early detection of cervical cancer is one of the most important aspects of the therapy of this malignancy. Despite several efforts, finding and developing new biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis are required. Among various prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, miRNA have been emerged as powerful biomarkers for detection, treatment, and monitoring of response to therapy in cervical cancer. Here, we summarized various miRNAs as an employable platform for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Taghizadeh-Boroujeni
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Brujen, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Jafari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tbibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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50
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Mapekula L, Ramorola BR, Goolam Hoosen T, Mowla S. The interplay between viruses & host microRNAs in cancer - An emerging role for HIV in oncogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:108-114. [PMID: 31014506 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers attributed to viral infections represent a growing proportion of the global cancer burden, with these types of cancers being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in some regions. The concept that viruses play a causal role in human cancers is not new, but the mechanism thereof, while well described for some viruses, still remains elusive and complex for others, especially in the case of HIV-associated B-cell derived cancers. In the last decade, compelling evidence has demonstrated that cellular microRNAs are deregulated in cancers, with an increasing number of studies identifying microRNAs as potential biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets or tools. Recent research demonstrates that viruses and viral components manipulate host microRNA expressions to their advantage, and the emerging picture suggests that the virus/microRNA pathway interaction is defined by a plethora of complex mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on virus/microRNA pathway interactions in the context of cancer and provide new insights on HIV as an oncogenic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mapekula
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B R Ramorola
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Goolam Hoosen
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Mowla
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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