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Sachdeva G, Lobato Á, Pandey R, Odegard GM. A Micromechanical Study of Interactions of Cyanate Ester Monomer with Graphene or Boron Nitride Monolayer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:108. [PMID: 38203962 PMCID: PMC10780284 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polymer composites, hailed for their ultra-strength and lightweight attributes, stand out as promising materials for the upcoming era of space vehicles. The selection of the polymer matrix plays a pivotal role in material design, given its significant impact on bulk-level properties through the reinforcement/polymer interface. To aid in the systematic design of such composite systems, molecular-level calculations are employed to establish the relationship between interfacial characteristics and mechanical response, specifically stiffness. This study focuses on the interaction of fluorinated and non-fluorinated cyanate ester monomers with graphene or a BN monolayer, representing non-polymerized ester composites. Utilizing micromechanics and the density functional theory method to analyze interaction energy, charge density, and stiffness, our findings reveal that the fluorinated cyanate-ester monomer demonstrates lower interaction energy, reduced pull-apart force, and a higher separation point compared to the non-fluorinated counterpart. This behavior is attributed to the steric hindrance caused by fluorine atoms. Furthermore, the BN monolayer exhibits enhanced transverse stiffness due to increased interfacial strength, stemming from the polar nature of B-N bonds on the surface, as opposed to the C-C bonds of graphene. These molecular-level results are intended to inform the design of next-generation composites incorporating cyanate esters, specifically for structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Sachdeva
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Álvaro Lobato
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Gregory M. Odegard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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2
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Furusawa S, Nakanishi Y, Yomogida Y, Sato Y, Zheng Y, Tanaka T, Yanagi K, Suenaga K, Maruyama S, Xiang R, Miyata Y. Surfactant-Assisted Isolation of Small-Diameter Boron-Nitride Nanotubes for Molding One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16636-16644. [PMID: 36195582 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rolling two-dimensional (2D) materials into 1D nanotubes allows for greater functionality. Boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) can serve as insulating 1D templates for the coaxial growth of guest nanotubes, without interfering with property characterization. However, their application as 1D templates has been greatly hindered by their poor dispersibility, inevitably resulting in the formation of thick bundles. Here we present the facile preparation of well-dispersed BNNT templates via surfactant dispersions and synthesis of 1D van der Waals heterostructures based on the BNNTs. Comprehensive microscopic analyses show the isolation of clean, high-quality BNNTs. Statistical analyses revealed that small-diameter double-walled BNNTs are highly enriched by chemical peeling of BN sidewalls through the sonication process. We further demonstrate that the isolated BNNTs can template the coaxial growth of carbon and MoS2 nanotubes by using chemical vapor deposition. The present strategy can be applied to the synthesis of a variety of nanotubes, thereby allowing for their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Furusawa
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakanishi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Takumi Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8565, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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3
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Zhao S, Kitaura R, Moon P, Koshino M, Wang F. Interlayer Interactions in 1D Van der Waals Moiré Superlattices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103460. [PMID: 34841726 PMCID: PMC8805582 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studying two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) moiré superlattices and their interlayer interactions have received surging attention after recent discoveries of many new phases of matter that are highly tunable. Different atomistic registry between layers forming the inner and outer nanotubes can also form one-dimensional (1D) vdW moiré superlattices. In this review, experimental observations and theoretical perspectives related to interlayer interactions in 1D vdW moiré superlattices are summarized. The discussion focuses on double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), a model 1D vdW moiré system, and the authors highlight the new optical features emerging from the non-trivial strong interlayer coupling effect and the unique physics in 1D DWNTs. Future directions and questions in probing the intriguing physical phenomena in 1D vdW moiré superlattices such as, correlated physics in different 1D moiré systems beyond DWNTs are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum InformationZhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and DeviceState Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsDepartment of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of ChemistryNagoya UniversityNagoya464‐8602Japan
| | - Pilkyung Moon
- Arts and SciencesNYU ShanghaiShanghai200122China
- NYU‐ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU ShanghaiShanghai200062China
| | - Mikito Koshino
- Department of PhysicsOsaka UniversityToyonaka560‐0043Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Materials Science DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at University of California Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
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4
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Picheau E, Impellizzeri A, Rybkovskiy D, Bayle M, Mevellec JY, Hof F, Saadaoui H, Noé L, Torres Dias AC, Duvail JL, Monthioux M, Humbert B, Puech P, Ewels CP, Pénicaud A. Intense Raman D Band without Disorder in Flattened Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:596-603. [PMID: 33444504 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Above a critical diameter, single- or few-walled carbon nanotubes spontaneously collapse as flattened carbon nanotubes. Raman spectra of isolated flattened and cylindrical carbon nanotubes have been recorded. The collapse provokes an intense and narrow D band, despite the absence of any lattice disorder. The curvature change near the edge cavities activates a D band, despite framework continuity. Theoretical calculations based on Placzek approximation fully corroborate this experimental finding. Usually used as a tool to quantify defect density in graphenic structures, the D band cannot be used as such in the presence of a graphene fold. This conclusion should serve as a basis to revisit materials comprising structural distortion where poor carbon organization was concluded on a Raman basis. Our finding also emphasizes the different visions of a defect between chemists and physicists, a possible source of confusion for researchers working in nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Picheau
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anthony Impellizzeri
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dmitry Rybkovskiy
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 121025, Russia
| | - Maxime Bayle
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ferdinand Hof
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Hassan Saadaoui
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laure Noé
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Abraao Cefas Torres Dias
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duvail
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Monthioux
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Puech
- CEMES, UPR8011-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, CEDEX 04, France
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, 33600 Pessac, France
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Cho H, Kim JH, Hwang JH, Kim CS, Jang SG, Park C, Lee H, Kim MJ. Single- and double-walled boron nitride nanotubes: Controlled synthesis and application for water purification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7416. [PMID: 32366898 PMCID: PMC7198605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research interest in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has increased after the recent success of large-scale BNNT syntheses using high-temperature-pressure laser ablation or high-temperature plasma methods. Nonetheless, there are limits to the application and commercialization of these materials because of the difficulties associated with their fine structural control. Herein, the growth kinetics of BNNTs were systemically studied for this purpose. The growth pressure of the nitrogen feed gas was varied while the growth temperature remained constant, which was confirmed by black body radiation measurements and calculations based on a heat loss model. Changing from the diffusion-limited regime to the supply-limited regime of growth kinetics based on the optimized BNNT synthesis condition afforded the control of the number of BNNT walls. The total amount of BNNTs possessing single and double walls was over 70%, and the BNNT surface area increased to 278.2 m2/g corresponding to small wall numbers and diameters. Taking advantage of the large surface area and high-temperature durability of the material, BNNTs utilized as a recyclable adsorbent for water purification. The efficiency of the BNNTs for capturing methylene blue particles in water was approximately 94%, even after three repetition cycles, showing the potential of the material for application in the filter industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Cho
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92, Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea.,Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jun Hee Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92, Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Hwang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92, Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea.,Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92, Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA
| | - Hunsu Lee
- Mutifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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6
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He M, Dong J, Wang H, Xue H, Wu Q, Xin B, Gao W, He X, Yu J, Sun H, Ding F, Zhang J. Advance in Close-Edged Graphene Nanoribbon: Property Investigation and Structure Fabrication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804473. [PMID: 30663240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The absence of dangling bonds in close-edged graphene nanoribbons (CEGNRs) confers upon them a series of fascinating properties, especially when compared with cylindrical carbon nanotubes and open-edged GNRs. Here, the configuration of CEGNRs is described, followed by the structure-related properties, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Based on the unique structures and extraordinary properties, their potential applications in a variety of fields, such as field-effect transistors, energy suppliers, nanoactuators, and fibers, are discussed. Remarkably, the strategies applied for generating CEGNRs, mainly from the collapse of carbon nanotubes and graphene tubes, are depicted in detail. Finally, the prospects in the research area of CEGNRs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Haomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Han Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Qianru Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Benwu Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenke Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jin Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Haidong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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7
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Yuan X, Wang Y. Collapsed adhesion of carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates: continuum mechanics and atomistic simulations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:075705. [PMID: 29256867 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa2db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can undergo collapse from the ordinary cylindrical configurations to bilayer ribbons when adhered on substrates. In this study, the collapsed adhesion of CNTs on the silicon substrates is investigated using both classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and continuum analysis. The governing equations and transversality conditions are derived based on the minimum potential energy principle and the energy-variational method, considering both the van der Waals interactions between CNTs and substrates and those inside CNTs. Closed-form solutions for the collapsed configuration are obtained which show good agreement with the results of MD simulations. The stability of adhesive configurations is investigated by analyzing the energy states. It is found that the adhesive states of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) (n, n) on the silicon substrates can be categorized by two critical radii, 0.716 and 0.892 nm. For SWCNTs with radius larger than 0.892 nm, they would fully collapse on the silicon substrates. For SWCNTs with radius less than 0.716 nm, the initial cylindrical configuration is energetically favorable. For SWCNTs with radius between two critical radii, the radially deformed state is metastable. The non-contact ends of all collapsed SWCNTs are identical with the same arc length of 2.38 nm. Finally, the role of number of walls on the adhesive configuration is investigated quantitatively. For multi-walled CNTs with the number of walls exceeding a certain value, the cylindrical configuration is stable due to the increasing bending stiffness. The present study can be useful for the design of CNT-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Yuan
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China
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8
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Majima Y, Hackenberger G, Azuma Y, Kano S, Matsuzaki K, Susaki T, Sakamoto M, Teranishi T. Three-input gate logic circuits on chemically assembled single-electron transistors with organic and inorganic hybrid passivation layers. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:374-380. [PMID: 28634499 PMCID: PMC5468960 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1320190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-electron transistors (SETs) are sub-10-nm scale electronic devices based on conductive Coulomb islands sandwiched between double-barrier tunneling barriers. Chemically assembled SETs with alkanethiol-protected Au nanoparticles show highly stable Coulomb diamonds and two-input logic operations. The combination of bottom-up and top-down processes used to form the passivation layer is vital for realizing multi-gate chemically assembled SET circuits, as this combination enables us to connect conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies via planar processes. Here, three-input gate exclusive-OR (XOR) logic operations are demonstrated in passivated chemically assembled SETs. The passivation layer is a hybrid bilayer of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and pulsed laser deposited (PLD) aluminum oxide (AlO[Formula: see text]), and top-gate electrodes were prepared on the hybrid passivation layers. Top and two-side-gated SETs showed clear Coulomb oscillation and diamonds for each of the three available gates, and three-input gate XOR logic operation was clearly demonstrated. These results show the potential of chemically assembled SETs to work as logic devices with multi-gate inputs using organic and inorganic hybrid passivation layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Majima
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Azuma
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinya Kano
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuzaki
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Susaki
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Barzegar HR, Yan A, Coh S, Gracia-Espino E, Dunn G, Wågberg T, Louie SG, Cohen ML, Zettl A. Electrostatically Driven Nanoballoon Actuator. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6787-6791. [PMID: 27704855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an inflatable nanoballoon actuator based on geometrical transitions between the inflated (cylindrical) and collapsed (flattened) forms of a carbon nanotube. In situ transmission electron microscopy experiments employing a nanoelectromechanical manipulator show that a collapsed carbon nanotube can be reinflated by electrically charging the nanotube, thus realizing an electrostatically driven nanoballoon actuator. We find that the tube actuator can be reliably cycled with only modest control voltages (few volts) with no apparent wear or fatigue. A complementary theoretical analysis identifies critical parameters for nanotube nanoballoon actuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Barzegar
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, Umea University , 90187 Umea, Sweden
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aiming Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sinisa Coh
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Gabriel Dunn
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umea University , 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marvin L Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Li J, Otsuka K, Zhang X, Maruyama S, Liu J. Selective synthesis of large diameter, highly conductive and high density single-walled carbon nanotubes by a thiophene-assisted chemical vapor deposition method on transparent substrates. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14156-14162. [PMID: 27382988 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03642b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with controlled properties is an important research topic for SWNT studies. Here we report a thiophene-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to directly grow highly conductive SWNT thin films on substrates, including transparent ones. By adding low concentration thiophene into the carbon feedstock (ethanol), the as-prepared carbon nanotubes demonstrate an obvious up-shift in the diameter distribution while the single-walled structure is still retained. In the proposed mechanism, the change in the diameter is sourced from the increase in the carbon yield induced by the sulfur-containing compound. Such SWNTs are found to possess high conductivity with 95% SWNTs demonstrating on/off ratios lower than 100 in transistors. More importantly, it is further demonstrated that this method can be used to directly synthesize dense SWNT networks on transparent substrates which can be utilized as transparent conductive films (TCFs) with very high transparency. Such TCFs can be applied to fabricate a light modulating window as a proof-of-concept. The present work provides important insights into the growth mechanism of SWNTs and great potential for the preparation of TCFs with high scalability, easy operation and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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11
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Wang Q, Kitaura R, Suzuki S, Miyauchi Y, Matsuda K, Yamamoto Y, Arai S, Shinohara H. Fabrication and In Situ Transmission Electron Microscope Characterization of Free-Standing Graphene Nanoribbon Devices. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1475-1480. [PMID: 26731015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Edge-dependent electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted intense interests. To fully understand the electronic properties of GNRs, the combination of precise structural characterization and electronic property measurement is essential. For this purpose, two experimental techniques using free-standing GNR devices have been developed, which leads to the simultaneous characterization of electronic properties and structures of GNRs. Free-standing graphene has been sculpted by a focused electron beam in transmission electron microscope (TEM) and then purified and narrowed by Joule heating down to several nanometer width. Structure-dependent electronic properties are observed in TEM, and significant increase in sheet resistance and semiconducting behavior become more salient as the width of GNR decreases. The narrowest GNR width we obtained with the present method is about 1.6 nm with a large transport gap of 400 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Kitaura
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Ecotopia Science Institute, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Ecotopia Science Institute, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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12
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Kohno H, Hasegawa T. Chains of carbon nanotetrahedra/nanoribbons. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8430. [PMID: 25673420 PMCID: PMC4325341 DOI: 10.1038/srep08430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Flattening of a carbon nanotube results in the formation of a carbon nanoribbon with well-defined edges. In addition, a switching of the flattening direction by about a right angle yields a carbon nanotetrahedron at the switching point in a nanoribbon. Here, we report that chains of carbon nanotetrahedra/nanoribbons are formed via sequential switching of the flattening direction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, in which neighboring two nanotetrahedra are connected by a short nanoribbon, namely a flattened nanotube. We suggest that the formation of nanotetrahedra chains is caused by a quasi-periodic instability of catalyst iron nanoparticles during the chemical vapor deposition growth. In addition, two adjoining carbon nanotetrahedra were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kohno
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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13
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Barzegar HR, Gracia-Espino E, Yan A, Ojeda-Aristizabal C, Dunn G, Wågberg T, Zettl A. C₆₀/collapsed carbon nanotube hybrids: a variant of peapods. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:829-834. [PMID: 25557832 DOI: 10.1021/nl503388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine a variant of so-called carbon nanotube peapods by packing C60 molecules inside the open edge ducts of collapsed carbon nanotubes. C60 insertion is accomplished through a facile single-step solution-based process. Theoretical modeling is used to evaluate favorable low-energy structural configurations. Overfilling of the collapsed tubes allows infiltration of C60 over the full cross-section of the tubes and consequent partial or complete reinflation, yielding few-wall, large diameter cylindrical nanotubes packed with crystalline C60 solid cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Barzegar
- Department of Physics and ∥Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Minimal inflammogenicity of pristine single-wall carbon nanotubes. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015; 77:195-202. [PMID: 25797984 PMCID: PMC4361521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a novel synthetic material comprising only carbon atoms. Based on its rigidity, its electrical and heat conductivity and its applicability to surface manufacturing, this material is expected to have numerous applications in industry. However, due to the material's dimensional similarity to asbestos fibers, its carcinogenicity was hypothesized during the last decade, and indeed, we have shown that multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs) of 50 nm in diameter are potently carcinogenic to mesothelial cells after intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, we suggested that inflammogenicity after intraperitoneal injection can predict mesothelial carcinogenesis. However, few data have been published on the intraperitoneal inflammogenicity of single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs). Here, we conducted a series of studies on SWCNTs using both intraperitoneal injection into rats and MeT5A mesothelial cells. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg SWCNTs caused no remarkable inflammation in the abdominal cavity, and the exposure of MeT5A cells to up to 25 μg/cm(2) SWCNTs did not alter proliferation. MWCNTs of 50 nm in diameter were used as a positive control, and tangled MWCNTs of 15 nm in diameter were used as a negative control. The results suggest that SWCNTs are a low-risk material with respect to mesothelial carcinogenesis.
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15
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He M, Dong J, Zhang K, Ding F, Jiang H, Loiseau A, Lehtonen J, Kauppinen EI. Precise determination of the threshold diameter for a single-walled carbon nanotube to collapse. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9657-9663. [PMID: 25131158 DOI: 10.1021/nn5042812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Closed-edged bilayer graphene nanoribbons were formed by the spontaneous collapse of large-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) grown on gold nanoparticles by chemical vapor deposition. Such bilayer graphene nanoribbons could adopt different stacking configurations, such as AB-stacking or stacking order with any rotation angle, correlated with the chiral angles of their parent rounded SWNTs. On the basis of the electron diffraction characterizations on a good number of collapsed and uncollapsed SWNTs, the threshold diameter for SWNTs to collapse was precisely determined to be 5.1 nm, independent of the chiral angle of the SWNTs. The determination is consistent with that calculated by both classical adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order force field and density functional theory after having taken the stacking effect and thermal fluctuation into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, ONERA-CNRS, BP 72, 92322 Châtillon CEDEX, France
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