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Wang SV, Ellrich JA, Beermann J, Pogoda B, Boersma M. Musseling through: Mytilus byssal thread production is unaffected by continuous noise. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106661. [PMID: 39088886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic low-frequency noise (ALFN) is a rising pollutant in the world oceans. Despite the ubiquity of ALFN, its effect on marine invertebrates is still poorly understood. Here, we tested how continuous low-frequency noise (CLFN), a substantial component of ALFN, affects the byssal thread production of Mytilus, a cosmopolitan genus of mussels with high ecological and economic importance. The effects of acute CLFN exposure and predator cues on byssogenesis by Mytilus spp. were explored in both the presence and absence of predator cues. While predator effluents increased thread production, CLFN had seemingly no effect on thread counts. Further, trends suggested a synergistic effect of CLFN and predator cues. The behavioral indifference of Mytilus spp. toward CLFN could contribute to the observed prevalence of these animals in inherently disturbed habitats. This would partly explain their success in colonizing and persisting on artificial substrata rife with disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng V Wang
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Shelf Sea System Ecology, Helgoland, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Benthic Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Julius A Ellrich
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Shelf Sea System Ecology, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Jan Beermann
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Benthic Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bernadette Pogoda
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Shelf Sea System Ecology, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Shelf Sea System Ecology, Helgoland, Germany; University of Bremen, FB2, Bremen, Germany
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2
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Williams BR, McAfee D, Connell SD. Anthropogenic noise disrupts acoustic cues for recruitment. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240741. [PMID: 39043238 PMCID: PMC11265905 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is rising and may interfere with natural acoustic cues used by organisms to recruit. Newly developed acoustic technology provides enriched settlement cues to boost recruitment of target organisms navigating to restoration sites, but can it boost recruitment in noise-polluted sites? To address this dilemma, we coupled replicated aquarium experiments with field experiments. Under controlled and replicated laboratory conditions, acoustic enrichment boosted recruitment by 2.57 times in the absence of anthropogenic noise, but yielded comparable recruitment in its presence (i.e. no boosting effect). Using the same technique, we then tested the replicability of these responses in real-world settings where independently replicated 'sites' are unfeasible owing to the inherent differences in soundscapes. Again, acoustic enrichment increased recruitment where anthropogenic noise was low (by 3.33 times), but had no effect at a site of noise pollution. Together, these coupled laboratory-to-field outcomes indicate that anthropogenic noise can mask the signal of acoustic enrichment. While noise pollution may reduce the effectiveness of acoustic enrichment, some of our reported observations suggest that anthropogenic noise per se might also provide an attractive cue for oyster larvae to recruit. These findings underscore the complexity of larval behavioural responses to acoustic stimuli during recruitment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Williams
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
| | - Dominic McAfee
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
| | - Sean D. Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide5005, Australia
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3
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Sal Moyano MP, Mitton FM, Luppi TA, Snitman SM, Nuñez JD, Lorusso MI, Ceraulo M, Gavio MA, Buscaino G. Noise accelerates embryonic development in a key crab species: Morphological and physiological carryover effects on early life stages. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116564. [PMID: 38861799 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is considered one important global pollutant. The impact of noise on marine invertebrates has been less assessed. The present study evaluated the chronic effect of the motorboat noise obtained from a lagoon's soundscape, the natural habitat of the key crab Neohelice granulata, on its whole embryonic development, considering morphological and physiological carryover effects on embryos and hatched larvae. Results demonstrated that embryonic development was shortened under noise exposure. The effects on advanced embryos, larvae and adult females were: increased heartbeats and non-viable eggs, and decreased fecundity. Biochemical responses showed lipid peroxidation in embryos while antioxidant enzymes were activated in larvae and adults, indicating a counteracting effect related to the life stage. The negative effects on fitness offspring may imply ecological consequences at the population level. Results are discussed in terms of the ecosystem engineer species studied and the habitat, a MAB UNESCO Reserve lagoon, suggesting the urgent need to develop mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Sal Moyano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francesca Maria Mitton
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N°1 Escollera Norte (B7602HSA), 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Tomas Atilio Luppi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Solana Morena Snitman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Darío Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Ignacio Lorusso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ceraulo
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy
| | - María Andrea Gavio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuseppa Buscaino
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS)-CNR National Research Council, Via del Mare 3, 91021 Torretta Granitola, TP, Italy
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4
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Blom EL, Dekhla IK, Bertram MG, Manera JL, Kvarnemo C, Svensson O. Anthropogenic noise disrupts early-life development in a fish with paternal care. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173055. [PMID: 38723952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant but its potential impacts on early life-stages in fishes are largely unknown. Here, using controlled laboratory experiments, we tested for impacts of continuous or intermittent exposure to low-frequency broadband noise on early life-stages of the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a marine fish with exclusive paternal care. Neither continuous nor intermittent noise exposure had an effect on filial cannibalism, showing that males were capable and willing to care for their broods. However, broods reared in continuous noise covered a smaller area and contained fewer eggs than control broods. Moreover, although developmental rate was the same in all treatments, larvae reared by males in continuous noise had, on average, a smaller yolk sac at hatching than those reared in the intermittent noise and control treatments, while larvae body length did not differ. Thus, it appears that the increased consumption of the yolk sac reserve was not utilised for increased growth. This suggests that exposure to noise in early life-stages affects fitness-related traits of surviving offspring, given the crucial importance of the yolk sac reserve during the early life of pelagic larvae. More broadly, our findings highlight the wide-ranging impacts of anthropogenic noise on aquatic wildlife living in an increasingly noisy world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lotta Blom
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-907 36, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle K Dekhla
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael G Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå SE-907 36, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Jack L Manera
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Svensson
- The Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Educational Work, University of Borås, SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden
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5
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Prosnier L. Zooplankton as a model to study the effects of anthropogenic sounds on aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172489. [PMID: 38621539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the impact of acoustic pollution on aquatic ecosystems. Currently, research has primarily focused on hearing species, particularly fishes and mammals. However, species from lower trophic levels, including many invertebrates, are less studied despite their ecological significance. Among these taxa, studies examining the effects of sound on holozooplankton are extremely rare. This literature review examines the effects of sound on both marine and freshwater zooplankton. It highlights two differences: the few used organisms and the types of sound source. Marine studies focus on the effects of very intense acute sound on copepods, while freshwater studies focus on less intense chronic sound on cladocerans. But, in both, various negative effects are reported. The effects of sound remain largely unknown, although previous studies have shown that zooplankton can detect vibrations using mechanoreceptors. The perception of their environment can be affected by sounds, potentially causing stress. Limited research suggests that sound may affect the physiology, behaviour, and fitness of zooplankton. Following this review, I highlight the potential to use methods from ecology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology to study the effects of sound at the individual level, including changes in physiology, development, survival, and behaviour. Responses to sound, which could alter species interactions and population dynamics, are expected to have larger-scale implications with bottom-up effects, such as changes in food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning. To improve the study of the effect of sound, to better use zooplankton as biological models and as bioindicators, researchers need to better understand how they perceive their acoustic environment. Consequently, an important challenge is the measurement of particle motion to establish useable dose-response relationships and particle motion soundscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Prosnier
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University of Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; France Travail, Saint-Etienne, France.
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6
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Gigot M, Tremblay R, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Meziane T, Chauvaud L, Olivier F. Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116454. [PMID: 38735172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In marine invertebrates, abiotic stresses on adults can act directly on gametes quality, which impacts phenotype and development success of the offspring. Human activities introduce noise pollution in the marine environment but still few studies on invertebrates have considered the impacts on adult or larval stages separately, and to our knowledge, never investigated the cross-generational effects of anthropogenic noise. This article explores parental effects of pile driving noise associated with the building phase of offshore wind turbines on a coastal invertebrate, Pecten maximus (L.). Adults were exposed to increasing levels of sound during gametogenesis, then their offspring were also exposed. The results highlight that anthropogenic noise experienced by the parents reduces their reproductive investment and modify larval response in similar conditions. Also, larvae from exposed adults grew 6-fold faster and metamorphosed 5-fold faster, which could be an amplified adaptive strategy to reduce the pelagic phase in a stressful environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gigot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 115 Rue Claude Chappe, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067 MNHN, CNRS SU, IRD 207, UA, 61 Rue Buffon CP 53, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067 MNHN, CNRS SU, IRD 207, UA, 61 Rue Buffon CP 53, 75005 Paris, France; Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
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7
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Meillère A, Buchanan KL, Eastwood JR, Mariette MM. Pre- and postnatal noise directly impairs avian development, with fitness consequences. Science 2024; 384:475-480. [PMID: 38662819 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Noise pollution is expanding at an unprecedented rate and is increasingly associated with impaired reproduction and development across taxa. However, whether noise sound waves are intrinsically harmful for developing young-or merely disturb parents-and the fitness consequences of early exposure remain unknown. Here, by only manipulating the offspring, we show that sole exposure to noise in early life in zebra finches has fitness consequences and causes embryonic death during exposure. Exposure to pre- and postnatal traffic noise cumulatively impaired nestling growth and physiology and aggravated telomere shortening across life stages until adulthood. Consistent with a long-term somatic impact, early life noise exposure, especially prenatally, decreased individual offspring production throughout adulthood. Our findings suggest that the effects of noise pollution are more pervasive than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Meillère
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
- Doñana Biological Station EBD-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Katherine L Buchanan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Justin R Eastwood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mylene M Mariette
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
- Doñana Biological Station EBD-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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8
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Tu Z, Tang L, Abo-Raya MH, Sun M, Shen H, Wang Y. Cloning and characterization of heat shock transcription factor 1 and its functional role for Hsp70 production in the sea slug Onchidium reevesii. Gene 2024; 893:147945. [PMID: 38381511 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory role of heat shock transcription factor 1 of sea slug Onchidium reevesii (OrHSF1) on Hsp70 expression in the sea slug under stress , the OrHSF1 gene was cloned and bioinformatics analysis was performed, then the gene and protein expressions by RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of OrHSF1 expression were measured to clarify the regulatory relationship between OrHSF1 and Hsp70 under low-frequency noise (LFN) stress. Our study was the first to clone a 1572 bp sequence of the OrHSF1 gene, with the sequence coding for amino acids (CDS) being 729 bp, encoding 243 amino acids. O. reevesii shared a close evolutionary relationship with mollusks such as the Aplysia californica. OrHSF1 gene is widely expressed in different tissues of sea slugs, with the highest expression in the intestine and the lowest in the reproductive glands. Furthermore, we used RNA interference (RNAi) as a tool to silence the OrHSF1 gene in the central nervous system (CNS) and the results indicated that gene silencing was occurring systematically in the CNS and the suppression of OrHSF1 expression by RNAi-mediated gene silencing altered the expression of Hsp70; besides, the expression trends of OrHSF1 gene and Hsp70 were consistent in the 3 and 5-day RNAi experiment. Moreover, in sea slugs injected with siHSF1 and exposed to LFN, the mRNA expression and protein expression of Hsp70 in the CNS were significantly decreased compared to the low-frequency noise group (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that OrHSF1 regulates Hsp70 expression in marine mollusks under low-frequency noise, and HSF1-Hsp70 axis plays a key role in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liusiqiao Tang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mohamed H Abo-Raya
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mengying Sun
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Heding Shen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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9
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Cheng X, Zhang L, Gao Z, Li K, Xu J, Liu W, Ru X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the immune response mechanisms of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus under noise stress from offshore wind turbine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167802. [PMID: 37838058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
As an important form of renewable energy, offshore wind power can effectively reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and decrease carbon emissions. However, operation of wind turbines can generate underwater noise that may have negative impacts on marine benthic organisms in the surrounding area. Sea cucumbers are slow-moving invertebrates that inhabit the ocean, relying on their immune system to adapt to their environment. To evaluate the frequency range of characteristic noise produced by offshore wind turbines, we conducted a field survey. Additionally, we utilized sea cucumbers in simulated experiments to assess their response to the noise produced by offshore wind turbines. We established a control group, a low-frequency noise group simulating offshore wind turbine noise at 125 Hz and 250 Hz, and a high-frequency noise group at 2500 Hz, each lasting for 7 days. Results from measuring immune enzyme activity in the coelomic fluid suggest that noise can reduce the activity of superoxide dismutase enzymes, which may make sea cucumbers more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Exposure to low-frequency noise can have the effect of diminishing the activity of catalase, and this decrease in catalase activity could potentially increase the susceptibility of the sea cucumber's coelom to inflammation. In order to elucidate the hypothetical mechanism of immune response, intestinal tissue was extracted for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that under 125 Hz low-frequency noise stress, the number of differentially expressed genes was the highest, reaching 1764. Under noise stress, sea cucumber's cell apoptosis and cell motility are reduced, interfering with lipid metabolism process and membrane synthesis. This research provides theoretical support for the environmental safety assessment of offshore wind power construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaoming Gao
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Kehan Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- Zhongke Tonghe (Shandong) Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Welsh GT, Anner SC, Westwood ML, Rockwell V, O'Toole H, Holiday M, Tinghitella RM. Consistent traffic noise impacts few fitness-related traits in a field cricket. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:78. [PMID: 38124034 PMCID: PMC10731782 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic habitat change is occurring rapidly, and organisms can respond through within-generation responses that improve the match between their phenotype and the novel conditions they encounter. But, plastic responses can be adaptive or maladaptive and are most likely to be adaptive only when contemporary conditions reasonably mimic something experienced historically to which a response has already evolved. Noise pollution is a ubiquitous anthropogenic stressor that accompanies expanding urbanization. We tested whether the amplitude of traffic noise influences a suite of fitness-related traits (e.g. survival, life history, reproductive investment, immunity) and whether that depends on the life stage at which the noise is experienced (juvenile or adult). Our treatments mimic the conditions experienced by animals living in urban roadside environments with variable vehicle types, but continuous movement of traffic. We used the Pacific field cricket, an acoustically communicating insect that was previously shown to experience some negative behavioral and life history responses to very loud, variable traffic noise, as a model system. RESULTS After exposing crickets to one of four traffic noise levels (silence, 50dBA, 60dBA, and 70dBA which are commonly experienced in their natural environment) during development, at adulthood, or both, we measured a comprehensive suite of fifteen fitness-related traits. We found that survival to adulthood was lower under some noise treatments than under silence, and that the number of live offspring hatched depended on the interaction between a female's juvenile and adult exposure to traffic noise. Both of these suggest that our noise treatments were indeed a stressor. However, we found no evidence of negative or positive fitness effects of noise on the other thirteen measured traits. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, in contrast to previous work with loud, variable traffic noise, when noise exposure is relatively constant, plasticity may be sufficient to buffer many negative fitness effects and/or animals may be able to habituate to these conditions, regardless of amplitude. Our work highlights the importance of understanding how the particular characteristics of noise experienced by animals influence their biological responses and provides insight into how commensal animals thrive in human-dominated habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle T Welsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Sophia C Anner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mary L Westwood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hannah O'Toole
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Megan Holiday
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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11
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Vereide EH, Mihaljevic M, Browman HI, Fields DM, Agersted MD, Titelman J, de Jong K. Effects of airgun discharges used in seismic surveys on development and mortality in nauplii of the copepod Acartia tonsa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121469. [PMID: 36963455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seismic surveys are conducted worldwide to explore for oil and gas deposits and to map subsea formations. The airguns used in these surveys emit low-frequency sound waves. Studies on zooplankton responses to airguns report a range of effects, from none to substantial mortality. A field experiment was conducted to assess mortality and naupliar body length of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa when exposed to the discharge of two 40-inch airguns. Nauplii were placed in plastic bags and attached to a line at a depth of 6 m. For each treatment, three bags of nauplii were exposed to one of three treatments for 2.5 h: Airgun array discharge, a boat control, or a silent control. After exposure, nauplii were kept in filtered seawater in the laboratory without food. Immediate mortality in the nauplii was approximately 14% compared to less than 4% in the silent and boat control. Similarly, there was higher mortality in the airgun exposed nauplii up to six days after exposure compared to the control treatments. Nearly all of the airgun exposed nauplii were dead after four days, while >50% of the nauplii in the control treatments were alive at six days post-exposure. There was an interaction between treatment and time on naupliar body length, indicating lower growth in the nauplii exposed to the airgun discharge (growth rates after 4 days: 1.7, 5.4, and 6.1 μm d-1 in the airgun exposed, silent control, and boat control, respectively). These experiments indicate that the output of two small airguns affected mortality and growth of the naupliar stages of Acartia tonsa in close vicinity to the array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hernes Vereide
- Institute of Marine Research, Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Nykirkekaien 1, NO-5004 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, NO-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Howard I Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, NO-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, P.O. Box 380 East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | | | - Josefin Titelman
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, PO BOX 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen de Jong
- Institute of Marine Research, Ecosystem Acoustics Group, Nykirkekaien 1, NO-5004 Bergen, Norway
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12
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Gigot M, Olivier F, Cervello G, Tremblay R, Mathias D, Meziane T, Chauvaud L, Bonnel J. Pile driving and drilling underwater sounds impact the metamorphosis dynamics of Pecten maximus (L., 1758) larvae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114969. [PMID: 37148589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is to reduce carbon emissions and offshore wind turbines seem to be an efficient solution. However, during the installation phase, high levels of noise are emitted whose impacts remain not well known, particularly on benthic marine invertebrates displaying a bentho-planktonic life-cycle. For one century, larval settlement and subsequent recruitment has been considered as a key topic in ecology as it determines largely population renewal. Whereas several recent studies have shown that trophic pelagic but also natural soundscape cues could trigger bivalve settlement, the role of anthropogenic noise remains poorly documented. Therefore, we conducted experiments to assess potential interacting effects of diet and pile driving or drilling sounds on the great scallop (Pecten maximus) larval settlement. We demonstrate here that pile driving noise stimulates both growth and metamorphosis as well as it increases the total lipid content of competent larvae. Conversely, drilling noise reduces both survival and metamorphosis rates. For the first time, we provide evidence of noise impacts associated to MREs installation on P. maximus larvae and discuss about potential consequences on their recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gigot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067, MNHN/SU/UNICAEN/UA/CNRS/IRD, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gauthier Cervello
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 38 rue Jim Sevellec, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067, MNHN/SU/UNICAEN/UA/CNRS/IRD, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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13
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Hubert J, van der Burg AD, Witbaard R, Slabbekoorn H. Separate and combined effects of boat noise and a live crab predator on mussel valve gape behavior. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:495-505. [PMID: 37192919 PMCID: PMC10183211 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Noisy human activities at sea are changing the acoustic environment, which has been shown to affect marine mammals and fishes. Invertebrates, such as bivalves, have so far received limited attention despite their important role in the marine ecosystem. Several studies have examined the impact of sound on anti-predator behavior using simulated predators, but studies using live predators are scarce. In the current study, we examined the separate and combined effects of boat sound playback and predator cues of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) on the behavior of mussels (Mytilus spp.). We examined the behavior of the mussels using a valve gape monitor and scored the behavior from the crabs in one of two types of predator test conditions from video footage to control for effects from potential, sound-induced variation in crab behavior. We found that mussels closed their valve gape during boat noise and with a crab in their tank, but also that the stimulus combination did not add up to an even smaller valve gape. The sound treatment did not affect the stimulus crabs, but the behavior of the crabs did affect the valve gape of the mussels. Future research is needed to examine whether these results stand in situ and whether valve closure due to sound has fitness consequences for mussels. The effects on the well-being of individual mussels from anthropogenic noise may be relevant for population dynamics in the context of pressure from other stressors, their role as an ecosystem engineer, and in the context of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rob Witbaard
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Dept. Estuarine and Delta Systems, Yerseke, The Netherlands
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14
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Kok ACM, Berkhout BW, Carlson NV, Evans NP, Khan N, Potvin DA, Radford AN, Sebire M, Shafiei Sabet S, Shannon G, Wascher CAF. How chronic anthropogenic noise can affect wildlife communities. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a major pollutant in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have become increasingly noisy, leading to both acute and chronic disturbance of a wide variety of animals. Chronic noise exposure can affect animals over their lifespan, leading to changes in species interactions and likely altering communities. However, the community-level impacts of chronic noise are not well-understood, which impairs our ability for effective mitigation. In this review, we address the effects of chronic noise exposure on communities and explore possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The limited studies on this topic suggest that noise can affect communities by changing the behavior and/or physiology of species in a community, which results in direct or knock-on consequences for other species in the ecosystem. Major knowledge gaps remain due to the logistically complex and financially expensive nature of the long-term studies needed to address these questions. By identifying these gaps and suggesting approaches to answer them, we provide a road map toward mitigating the effects of a noisy world.
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15
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Berkhout BW, Budria A, Thieltges DW, Slabbekoorn H. Anthropogenic noise pollution and wildlife diseases. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:181-190. [PMID: 36658057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a global rise in anthropogenic noise and a growing awareness of its negative effects on wildlife, but to date the consequences for wildlife diseases have received little attention. In this paper, we discuss how anthropogenic noise can affect the occurrence and severity of infectious wildlife diseases. We argue that there is potential for noise impacts at three main stages of pathogen transmission and disease development: (i) the probability of preinfection exposure, (ii) infection upon exposure, and (iii) severity of postinfection consequences. We identify potential repercussions of noise pollution effects for wildlife populations and call for intensifying research efforts. We provide an overview of knowledge gaps and outline avenues for future studies into noise impacts on wildlife diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Budria
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands; Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction générale déléguée 'Police, Connaissance, Expertise', rue du Bouchet, 45370 DRY, France
| | - David W Thieltges
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life-Sciences, GELIFES, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Day RD, Fitzgibbon QP, McCauley RD, Baker KB, Semmens JM. The impact of seismic survey exposure on the righting reflex and moult cycle of Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) puerulus larvae and juveniles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119699. [PMID: 35787424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic aquatic noise is recognised as an environmental pollutant with the potential to negatively affect marine organisms. Seismic surveys, used to explore subseafloor oil reserves, are a common source of aquatic noise that have garnered attention due to their intense low frequency inputs and their frequent spatial overlap with coastal fisheries. Commercially important Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) adults have previously shown sensitivity to signals from a single seismic air gun. Here, the sensitivity of J. edwardsii juveniles and puerulus to the signals of a full-scale seismic survey were evaluated to determine if early developmental stages were affected similarly to adults, and the range of impact. To quantify impact, lobster mortality rates, dorsoventral righting reflex and progression through moult cycle were evaluated following exposure. Exposure did not result in mortality in either developmental stage, however, air gun signals caused righting impairment to at least 500 m in lobsters sampled immediately following exposure, as had previously been reported in adults with corresponding sensory system damage following exposure. Impairment resulting from close range (0 m) exposure appeared to be persistent, as previously reported in adults, whereas juveniles exposed at a more distant range (500 m) showed recovery, indicating that exposure at a range of 500 m may not cause lasting impairment to righting. Intermoult duration was (time between moults) significantly increased in juveniles exposed at 0 m from the source, indicating the potential for slowed development, growth, and physiological stress. These results demonstrate that exposure to seismic air gun signals have the potential to negatively impact early life history stages of Southern Rock Lobsters. The similarity of both the impacts and the sound exposure levels observed here compared to previous exposure using a single air gun offer validation for the approach, which opens the potential for accessible field-based experimental work into the impact of seismic surveys on marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Day
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Robert D McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Katherine B Baker
- Ecology and Biodiversity Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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17
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Stenton CA, Bolger EL, Michenot M, Dodd JA, Wale MA, Briers RA, Hartl MGJ, Diele K. Effects of pile driving sound playbacks and cadmium co-exposure on the early life stage development of the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113667. [PMID: 35533617 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand how organisms respond to multiple, potentially interacting drivers in today's world. The effects of the pollutants anthropogenic sound (pile driving sound playbacks) and waterborne cadmium were investigated across multiple levels of biology in larval and juvenile Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus under controlled laboratory conditions. The combination of pile driving playbacks (170 dBpk-pk re 1 μPa) and cadmium combined synergistically at concentrations >9.62 μg[Cd] L-1 resulting in increased larval mortality, with sound playbacks otherwise being antagonistic to cadmium toxicity. Exposure to 63.52 μg[Cd] L-1 caused significant delays in larval development, dropping to 6.48 μg[Cd] L-1 in the presence of piling playbacks. Pre-exposure to the combination of piling playbacks and 6.48 μg[Cd] L-1 led to significant differences in the swimming behaviour of the first juvenile stage. Biomarker analysis suggested oxidative stress as the mechanism resultant deleterious effects, with cellular metallothionein (MT) being the predominant protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stenton
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Eyemouth TD14 5PW, UK; Ocean Science Consulting Ltd., Spott Road, Dunbar EH42 1RR, UK.
| | - E L Bolger
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Eyemouth TD14 5PW, UK
| | - M Michenot
- École Nationale des Travaux Publics de L'état, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69 120 Vaulx en Velin, France
| | - J A Dodd
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - M A Wale
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Eyemouth TD14 5PW, UK
| | - R A Briers
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - M G J Hartl
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure & Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - K Diele
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK; St Abbs Marine Station, The Harbour, St Abbs, Eyemouth TD14 5PW, UK.
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18
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Singh J, le Roux A, Naidoo S. Marine seismic surveys for hydrocarbon exploration: What’s at stake? S AFR J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2022/13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Singh
- Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies (SAGE), Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Pretoria, South Africa
- Howard College School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aliza le Roux
- Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies (SAGE), Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Pretoria, South Africa
- Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Sershen Naidoo
- Scientific Advisory Group on Emergencies (SAGE), Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Natural Resources, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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19
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Lara RA, Breitzler L, Lau IH, Gordillo-Martinez F, Chen F, Fonseca PJ, Bass AH, Vasconcelos RO. Noise-induced hearing loss correlates with inner ear hair cell decrease in larval zebrafish. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274643. [PMID: 35258623 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise can be hazardous for the auditory system and wellbeing of animals, including humans. However, very limited information is known on how this global environmental pollutant affects auditory function and inner ear sensory receptors in early ontogeny. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable model in hearing research, including to investigate developmental processes of the vertebrate inner ear. We tested the effects of chronic exposure to white noise in larval zebrafish on inner ear saccular sensitivity and morphology at 3 and 5 days post fertilization (dpf), as well as on auditory-evoked swimming responses using the prepulse inhibition paradigm (PPI) at 5 dpf. Noise-exposed larvae showed significant increase in microphonic potential thresholds at low frequencies, 100 and 200 Hz, while PPI revealed a hypersensitisation effect and similar threshold shift at 200 Hz. Auditory sensitivity changes were accompanied by a decrease in saccular hair cell number and epithelium area. In aggregate, the results reveal noise-induced effects on inner ear structure-function in a larval fish paralleled by a decrease in auditory-evoked sensorimotor responses. More broadly, this study highlights the importance of investigating the impact of environmental noise on early development of sensory and behavioural responsiveness to acoustic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Lara
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China.,Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lukas Breitzler
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China
| | - Ieng Hou Lau
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China
| | | | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Guangdong, China
| | - Paulo J Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrew H Bass
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Raquel O Vasconcelos
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China
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20
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Virto LR, Dumez H, Romero C, Bailly D. How can ports act to reduce underwater noise from shipping? Identifying effective management frameworks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113136. [PMID: 34952408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to find mechanisms to align commercial interests with underwater noise reductions from commercial shipping. Through a survey and a series of interviews with representative stakeholders, we find that while acknowledging the wide variations in ports' specificities, port actions could support the reduction in underwater noise emissions from commercial shipping through changes in hull, propeller and engine design, and through operational measures associated with reduced speed, change of route and travel in convoy. Though the impact of underwater noise emissions on marine fauna is increasingly shown to be serious and wide-spread, there is uncertainty in the mechanisms, the contexts, and the levels which should lead to action, requiring precautionary management. Vessels owners are already dealing with significant investment and operating costs to comply with fuel, ballast water, NOx and CO2 requirements. To be successful, underwater noise programs should align with these factors. Based on a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, we find a set of compromise solutions for a wide range of stakeholders. Ports could propose actions such as discounted port fees and reduced ship waiting times at ports, both depending on underwater noise performance. Cooperation between ports to scale up actions through environmental indexes and classification societies' notations, and integration with other ports' actions could help support this. However, few vessels know their underwater noise baseline as there are very few hydrophone stations, and measurement methodologies are not standardized. Costs increase and availability decreases dramatically if the vessel buyer wants to improve the noise profile. Local demands regarding airborne noise close to airports boosted global pressure on the aviation industry to adopt existing quieting technology. This experience of the aviation noise control could inform the underwater noise process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Recuero Virto
- Centre for the Law and Economics of the Sea (UMR M101 AMURE), European Institute for Marine Studies, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation (UMR 9217 i3), École Polytechnique, Bâtiment Ensta, 828, Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Dumez
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation (UMR 9217 i3), École Polytechnique, Bâtiment Ensta, 828, Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Carlos Romero
- ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestales y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Denis Bailly
- Centre for the Law and Economics of the Sea (UMR M101 AMURE), European Institute for Marine Studies, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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21
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Wale MA, Briers RA, Diele K. Marine invertebrate anthropogenic noise research - Trends in methods and future directions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112958. [PMID: 34607127 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selecting the correct methods to answer one's chosen question is key to conducting rigorous, evidence-based science. A disciplines' chosen methods are constantly evolving to encompass new insights and developments. Analysing these changes can be a useful tool for identifying knowledge gaps and guiding future studies. Research on the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine invertebrates, a topic with specific methodological challenges, has undergone substantial changes since its beginning in 1982. Using this field as an example, we demonstrate the benefits of such method analysis and resulting framework which has the potential to increase conclusive power and comparability of future studies. We list taxa studied to date, use a range of descriptors to analyse the methods applied, and map changes in experimental design through time. Based upon our analysis, three research strategies are proposed as a best practice framework for investigating effects of noise on marine invertebrates and delivering policy-relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Wale
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R A Briers
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Diele
- Aquatic Noise Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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22
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An Acoustic Treatment to Mitigate the Effects of the Apple Snail on Agriculture and Natural Ecosystems. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Global change is the origin of increased occurrence of disturbance events in natural communities, with biological invasions constituting a major threat to ecosystem integrity and functioning. The apple snail (Pomacea maculata) is a freshwater gastropod mollusk from South America. Considered one of the 100 most harmful invasive species in the world, due to its voracity, resistance, and high reproductive rate, it has become a global problem for wetland crops. In Catalonia, it has affected the rice fields of the Ebre Delta since 2010 with significant negative impact on the local economy. As a gastropod mollusc it possesses statocysts consisting of a pair of sacs, one located on each side of the foot, that contain multiple calcium carbonate statoconia. This study shows the first ultrastructural images of pathological changes in the sensory epithelium of the statocyst of apple snail adults with an increase in the severity of the lesions over time after exposure to low frequency sounds. Sound-induced damage to the statocyst could likely result in an inhibition of its vital functions resulting in a potential reduction in the survival ability of the apple snail and lead to an effective mitigation method for reducing damage to rice fields.
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23
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Assessment of Arrow-of-Time Metrics for the Characterization of Underwater Explosions. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175952. [PMID: 34502843 PMCID: PMC8434639 DOI: 10.3390/s21175952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impulsive sound sources with high intensity are a threat to marine life and it is crucial to keep them under control to preserve the biodiversity of marine ecosystems. Underwater explosions are one of the representatives of these impulsive sound sources, and existing detection techniques are generally based on monitoring the pressure level as well as some frequency-related features. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach to the underwater explosion detection problem through assessing the arrow of time. The arrow of time of the pressure waves coming from underwater explosions conveys information about the complex characteristics of the nonlinear physical processes taking place as a consequence of the explosion to some extent. We present a thorough review of the characterization of arrows of time in time-series, and then provide specific details regarding their applications in passive acoustic monitoring. Visibility graph-based metrics, specifically the direct horizontal visibility graph of the instantaneous phase, have the best performance when assessing the arrow of time in real explosions compared to similar acoustic events of different kinds. The proposed technique has been validated in both simulations and real underwater explosions.
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A New Low-Cost Acoustic Beamforming Architecture for Real-Time Marine Sensing: Evaluation and Design. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper mainly studies the performance of an acoustic beamforming technique applied to a low-cost hydrophone in a linear array of two to four elements for the detection and localization of underwater acoustic sound waves. It also evaluates the integration of the array in an energy-efficient real-time monitoring system architecture, allowing marine sensing to be conducted without human intervention. Such architecture would consist of vertical linear arrays of two or four RHSA-10 hydrophones models attached to a buoy or a vessel for sound detection; a frequency domain beamformer (FDB) technique implemented in a Xilinx Spartan-7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) for sound source localization; a LoRa wireless sensor network mote to provide convenient access from a base center. The architecture aims to alleviate sea traffic control for countries that lack the financial resources to properly address illegal fishing or piracy issues, mostly committed in small fast motorized boats. In our experiment, the sound waves emitted by a small motorized boat were successfully detected and tracked by three data acquisitions at a 1 km range. It is demonstrated that a system using a small number of hydrophones is capable of producing robust accuracy over a large band frequency in the presence of noise interference.
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Lara RA, Vasconcelos RO. Impact of noise on development, physiological stress and behavioural patterns in larval zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6615. [PMID: 33758247 PMCID: PMC7988139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution is increasingly present in aquatic ecosystems, causing detrimental effects on growth, physiology and behaviour of organisms. However, limited information exists on how this stressor affects animals in early ontogeny, a critical period for development and establishment of phenotypic traits. We tested the effects of chronic noise exposure to increasing levels (130 and 150 dB re 1 μPa, continuous white noise) and different temporal regimes on larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), an important vertebrate model in ecotoxicology. The acoustic treatments did not affect general development or hatching but higher noise levels led to increased mortality. The cardiac rate, yolk sac consumption and cortisol levels increased significantly with increasing noise level at both 3 and 5 dpf (days post fertilization). Variation in noise temporal patterns (different random noise periods to simulate shipping activity) suggested that the time regime is more important than the total duration of noise exposure to down-regulate physiological stress. Moreover, 5 dpf larvae exposed to 150 dB continuous noise displayed increased dark avoidance in anxiety-related dark/light preference test and impaired spontaneous alternation behaviour. We provide first evidence of noise-induced physiological stress and behavioural disturbance in larval zebrafish, showing that both noise amplitude and timing negatively impact key developmental endpoints in early ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Lara
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China.
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - Raquel O Vasconcelos
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao S.A.R., China.
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Leon-Lopez B, Romero-Vivas E, Viloria-Gomora L. Reduction of roadway noise in a coastal city underwater soundscape during COVID-19 confinement. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:652. [PMID: 33514174 PMCID: PMC7857497 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced human activities. Underwater soundscape variations are discussed in this study, comparing a typical and confinement day in a coastal lagoon near a popular tourist city in Mexico. Recording devices were located at 2 m in depth and 430 m away from the main promenade-a two-way avenue for light vehicle traffic-where main tourist infrastructure is located. The nearby marine environment is habitat to birds and dolphins as well as fish and invertebrates of commercial importance. Medium and small boats usually transit the area. The main underwater sound level reduction was measured at low frequencies (10-2000 Hz) because of the decrease in roadway noise. Vessel traffic also decreased by almost three quarters, although the level reduction due to this source was less noticeable. As typical day levels in the roadway noise band can potentially mask fish sounds and affect other low frequency noise-sensitive marine taxa, this study suggests that comprehensive noise analysis in coastal marine environments should consider the contribution from nearby land sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Leon-Lopez
- Acoustics and Signal Processing Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Avenida IPN 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, USA
| | - Eduardo Romero-Vivas
- Acoustics and Signal Processing Research Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Avenida IPN 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, USA
| | - Lorena Viloria-Gomora
- Programa de Investigación en Mamíferos Marinos, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS), Carretera al Sur km 5.5, Mezquitito, C.P. 23080 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, USA
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Doyle R, Kim J, Pe A, Blumstein DT. Are giant clams ( Tridacna maxima) distractible? A multi-modal study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10050. [PMID: 33083126 PMCID: PMC7543721 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To properly assess risk, an animal must focus its attention on relevant external stimuli; however, attention can be reallocated when distracting stimuli are present. This reallocation of attention may interfere with an individual’s ability to effectively assess risk and may impede its response. Multiple stimuli presented together can have additive effects as distractors, and these include stimuli in different modalities. Although changes in noise and water flow are detectable by some bivalves, this has not been studied in the context of risk assessment or distraction. We experimentally exposed giant clams (Tridacna maxima) to changes in water particle movement through underwater sound (motorboat noise) and increased water flow to determine whether these stimuli, individually or together, modified risk assessment or caused distraction. We found that clams responded to sound, flow, and their combination by increasing frequency of mantle retractions (a potential anti-predator response) when exposed to a stimulus. Sound alone did not change risk assessment in either the latency to close or to reemerge following closure. However, when exposed to both stimuli simultaneously, clams increased their latency to close. We suggest that clams perceive sound and flow in an additive way, and are thus distracted. Interestingly, and uniquely, clams discriminate these multimodal stimuli through a single sensory modality. For sessile clams, anthropogenic noise is detectable, yet unavoidable, suggesting that they be especially vulnerable to marine noise pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Doyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Angelika Pe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Wilson LJ, Harwood J, Booth CG, Joy R, Harris CM. A decision framework to identify populations that are most vulnerable to the population level effects of disturbance. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Wilson
- SMRU Consulting University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - John Harwood
- SMRU Consulting University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | | - Ruth Joy
- SMRU Consulting Canada Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Catriona M. Harris
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
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29
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Kavanagh AS, Nykänen M, Hunt W, Richardson N, Jessopp MJ. Seismic surveys reduce cetacean sightings across a large marine ecosystem. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19164. [PMID: 31844150 PMCID: PMC6915703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise pollution is increasing globally, and as oceans are excellent conductors of sound, this is a major concern for marine species reliant on sound for key life functions. Loud, impulsive sounds from seismic surveys have been associated with impacts on many marine taxa including mammals, crustaceans, cephalopods, and fish. However, impacts across large spatial scales or multiple species are rarely considered. We modelled over 8,000 hours of cetacean survey data across a large marine ecosystem covering > 880,000 km2 to investigate the effect of seismic surveys on baleen and toothed whales. We found a significant effect of seismic activity across multiple species and habitats, with an 88% (82-92%) decrease in sightings of baleen whales, and a 53% (41-63%) decrease in sightings of toothed whales during active seismic surveys when compared to control surveys. Significantly fewer sightings of toothed whales also occurred during active versus inactive airgun periods of seismic surveys, although some species-specific response to noise was observed. This study provides strong evidence of multi-species impacts from seismic survey noise on cetaceans. Given the global proliferation of seismic surveys and large propagation distances of airgun noise, our results highlight the large-scale impacts that marine species are currently facing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kavanagh
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Beaufort Building, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43C573, Ireland.
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Galway, T23N73K, Ireland.
| | - M Nykänen
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Beaufort Building, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43C573, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, T23N73K, Ireland
| | - W Hunt
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Beaufort Building, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43C573, Ireland
| | - N Richardson
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Beaufort Building, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43C573, Ireland
| | - M J Jessopp
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Beaufort Building, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43C573, Ireland.
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, T23N73K, Ireland.
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Harding HR, Gordon TAC, Eastcott E, Simpson SD, Radford AN. Causes and consequences of intraspecific variation in animal responses to anthropogenic noise. Behav Ecol 2019; 30:1501-1511. [PMID: 31723315 PMCID: PMC6838653 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is a recognized global pollutant, affecting a wide range of nonhuman animals. However, most research considers only whether noise pollution has an impact, ignoring that individuals within a species or population exhibit substantial variation in responses to stress. Here, we first outline how intrinsic characteristics (e.g., body size, condition, sex, and personality) and extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental context, repeated exposure, prior experience, and multiple stressors) can affect responses to environmental stressors. We then present the results of a systematic search of the anthropogenic-noise literature, identifying articles that investigated intraspecific variation in the responses of nonhuman animals to noise. This reveals that fewer than 10% of articles (51 of 589) examining impacts of noise test experimentally for intraspecific variation in responses; of those that do, more than 75% report significant effects. We assess these existing studies to determine the current scope of research and findings to-date, and to provide suggestions for good practice in the design, implementation, and reporting of robust experiments in this field. We close by explaining how understanding intraspecific variation in responses to anthropogenic noise is crucial for improving how we manage captive animals, monitor wild populations, model species responses, and mitigate effects of noise pollution on wildlife. Our aim is to stimulate greater knowledge and more effective management of the harmful consequences of this global pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Harding
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Timothy A C Gordon
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emma Eastcott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew N Radford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Todd PA, Heery EC, Loke LHL, Thurstan RH, Kotze DJ, Swan C. Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Todd
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Biological Sciences, National Univ. of Singapore 16 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117558
| | - Eliza C. Heery
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Biological Sciences, National Univ. of Singapore 16 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117558
| | - Lynette H. L. Loke
- Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Dept of Biological Sciences, National Univ. of Singapore 16 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117558
| | - Ruth H. Thurstan
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - D. Johan Kotze
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Univ. of Helsinki Lahti Finland
| | - Christopher Swan
- Dept of Geography & Environmental Systems, Univ. of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA
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32
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Gurule-Small GA, Tinghitella RM. Life history consequences of developing in anthropogenic noise. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1957-1966. [PMID: 30825350 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When environments change rapidly, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can ameliorate negative effects of environmental change on survival and reproduction. Recent evidence suggests, however, that plastic responses to human-induced environmental change are often maladaptive or insufficient to overcome novel selection pressures. Anthropogenic noise is a ubiquitous and expanding disturbance with demonstrated effects on fitness-related traits of animals like stress responses, foraging, vigilance, and pairing success. Elucidating the lifetime fitness effects of noise has been challenging because longer-lived vertebrate systems are typically studied in this context. Here, we follow noise-stressed invertebrates throughout their lives, assessing a comprehensive suite of life history traits, and ultimately, lifetime number of surviving offspring. We reared field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, in masking traffic noise, traffic noise from which we removed frequencies that spectrally overlap with the crickets' mate location song and peak hearing (nonmasking), or silence. We found that exposure to masking noise delayed maturity and reduced adult lifespan; crickets exposed to masking noise spent 23% more time in juvenile stages and 13% less time as reproductive adults than those exposed to no traffic noise. Chronic lifetime exposure to noise, however, did not affect lifetime reproductive output (number of eggs or surviving offspring), perhaps because mating provided females a substantial longevity benefit. Nevertheless, these results are concerning as they highlight multiple ways in which traffic noise may reduce invertebrate fitness. We encourage researchers to consider effects of anthropogenic disturbance on growth, survival, and reproductive traits simultaneously because changes in these traits may amplify or nullify one another.
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Shi W, Han Y, Guan X, Rong J, Du X, Zha S, Tang Y, Liu G. Anthropogenic Noise Aggravates the Toxicity of Cadmium on Some Physiological Characteristics of the Blood Clam Tegillarca granosa. Front Physiol 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31001147 PMCID: PMC6456685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread applications of cadmium (Cd) in various products have caused Cd contamination in marine ecosystems. Meanwhile, human activities in the ocean have also generated an increasing amount of noise in recent decades. Although anthropogenic noise and Cd contaminants could be present simultaneously in marine environments, the physiological responses of marine bivalve mollusks upon coexposure to anthropogenic noise and toxic metal contaminants, including Cd remain unclear. Therefore, the combined effects of anthropogenic noise and Cd on the physiological characteristics of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa were investigated in this study. The results showed that 10 days of coexposure to anthropogenic noise and Cd can enhance adverse impacts on metabolic processes, as indicated by the clearance rate, respiration rate, ammonium excretion rate, and O:N ratio of T. granosa. In addition, both the ATP content, ATP synthase activity and genes encoding important enzymes in ATP synthesis significantly declined after coexposures to anthropogenic noise and Cd, which have resulted from reduced feeding activity and respiration. Furthermore, the expressions of neurotransmitter-related genes (MAO, AChE, and mAChR3) were all significantly down-regulated after coexposure to anthropogenic noise and Cd, which suggests an enhanced neurotoxicity under coexposure. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anthropogenic noise and Cd would have synergetic effects on the feeding activity, metabolism, and ATP synthesis of T. granosa, which may be due to the add-on of stress responses and neurotransmitter disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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González-Delgado S, Hernández JC. The Importance of Natural Acidified Systems in the Study of Ocean Acidification: What Have We Learned? ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 80:57-99. [PMID: 30368306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human activity is generating an excess of atmospheric CO2, resulting in what we know as ocean acidification, which produces changes in marine ecosystems. Until recently, most of the research in this area had been done under small-scale, laboratory conditions, using few variables, few species and few life cycle stages. These limitations raise questions about the reproducibility of the environment and about the importance of indirect effects and synergies in the final results of these experiments. One way to address these experimental problems is by conducting studies in situ, in natural areas where expected future pH conditions already occur, such as CO2 vent systems. In the present work, we compile and discuss the latest research carried out in these natural laboratories, with the objective to summarize their advantages and disadvantages for research to improve these investigations so they can better help us understand how the oceans of the future will change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Delgado
- Marine Community Ecology and Climate Change, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José Carlos Hernández
- Marine Community Ecology and Climate Change, Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias (Biología), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Vad J, Kazanidis G, Henry LA, Jones DOB, Tendal OS, Christiansen S, Henry TB, Roberts JM. Potential Impacts of Offshore Oil and Gas Activities on Deep-Sea Sponges and the Habitats They Form. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 79:33-60. [PMID: 30012276 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sponges form an important component of benthic ecosystems from shallow littoral to hadal depths. In the deep ocean, beyond the continental shelf, sponges can form high-density fields, constituting important habitats supporting rich benthic communities. Yet these habitats remain relatively unexplored. The oil and gas industry has played an important role in advancing our knowledge of deep-sea environments. Since its inception in the 1960s, offshore oil and gas industry has moved into deeper waters. However, the impacts of these activities on deep-sea sponges and other ecosystems are only starting to become the subject of active research. Throughout the development, operation and closure of an oil or gas field many activities take place, ranging from the seismic exploration of subseafloor geological features to the installation of infrastructure at the seabed to the drilling process itself. These routine activities and accidental releases of hydrocarbons during spills can significantly impact the local marine environment. Each phase of a field development or an accidental oil spill will therefore have different impacts on sponges at community, individual and cellular levels. Legacy issues regarding the future decommissioning of infrastructure and the abandonment of wells are also important environmental management considerations. This chapter reviews our understanding of impacts from hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activities on deep-sea sponges and the habitats they form. These impacts include those (1) at community level, decreasing the diversity and density of benthic communities associated with deep-sea sponges owing to physical disturbance of the seabed; (2) at individual level, interrupting filtration owing to exposure to increased sedimentation; and (3) at cellular level, decreasing cellular membrane stability owing to exposure to drill muds. However, many potential effects not yet tested in deep-sea sponges but observed in shallow-water sponges or other model organisms should also be taken into account. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have shown impact of oil or dispersed oil on deep-sea sponges. To highlight these significant knowledge gaps, a summary table of potential and known impacts of hydrocarbon extraction and production activities combined with a simple "traffic light" scheme is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Vad
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Georgios Kazanidis
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lea-Anne Henry
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ole S Tendal
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Theodore B Henry
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - J Murray Roberts
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States.
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Lasota R, Gierszewska K, Viard F, Wolowicz M, Dobrzyn K, Comtet T. Abnormalities in bivalve larvae from the Puck Bay (Gulf of Gdansk, southern Baltic Sea) as an indicator of environmental pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:363-371. [PMID: 29421113 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study described the occurrence of abnormalities in bivalve larvae from the Puck Bay. Analyses of plankton samples collected in 2012-2013 showed that larval Mytilus trossulus, Mya arenaria, and Cerastoderma glaucum exhibited abnormalities that could indicate adverse environmental impacts. The deformities were mainly in shells, but missing soft tissue fragments and protruding vela were also noted. In addition to larval studies, we analyzed benthic postlarvae of Mytilus trossulus. Interestingly, grooves and notches at different locations of the prodissoconch, dissoconch, and shell margin were observed. Some of these deformations were reminiscent of the indentations found on the shell edge of larvae. Comparing the proportion of abnormal postlarvae to larvae with shell abnormalities suggested that the survival of larvae with shell abnormalities was low. Overall, our results suggested that the ratio of abnormal bivalve larvae could be used as an indicator of the biological effects of hazardous substances in the pelagic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Lasota
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Al. M. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-372 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gierszewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Al. M. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-372 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe DIVCO, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
| | - Maciej Wolowicz
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Al. M. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-372 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dobrzyn
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Al. M. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-372 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Thierry Comtet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7144, Equipe DIVCO, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France; CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France
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Kunc HP, McLaughlin KE, Schmidt R. Aquatic noise pollution: implications for individuals, populations, and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0839. [PMID: 27534952 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenically driven environmental changes affect our planet at an unprecedented scale and are considered to be a key threat to biodiversity. According to the World Health Organization, anthropogenic noise is one of the most hazardous forms of anthropogenically driven environmental change and is recognized as a major global pollutant. However, crucial advances in the rapidly emerging research on noise pollution focus exclusively on single aspects of noise pollution, e.g. on behaviour, physiology, terrestrial ecosystems, or on certain taxa. Given that more than two-thirds of our planet is covered with water, there is a pressing need to get a holistic understanding of the effects of anthropogenic noise in aquatic ecosystems. We found experimental evidence for negative effects of anthropogenic noise on an individual's development, physiology, and/or behaviour in both invertebrates and vertebrates. We also found that species differ in their response to noise, and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms for these differences. Finally, we point out challenges in the study of aquatic noise pollution and provide directions for future research, which will enhance our understanding of this globally present pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjoerg P Kunc
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kirsty Elizabeth McLaughlin
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rouven Schmidt
- School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Cholewiak D, DeAngelis AI, Palka D, Corkeron PJ, Van Parijs SM. Beaked whales demonstrate a marked acoustic response to the use of shipboard echosounders. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170940. [PMID: 29308236 PMCID: PMC5750003 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of commercial echosounders for scientific and industrial purposes is steadily increasing. In addition to traditional navigational and fisheries uses, commercial sonars are used extensively for oceanographic research, benthic habitat mapping, geophysical exploration, and ecosystem studies. Little is known about the effects of these acoustic sources on marine animals, though several studies have already demonstrated behavioural responses of cetaceans to shipboard echosounders. Some species of cetaceans are known to be particularly sensitive to acoustic disturbance, including beaked whales. In 2011 and 2013, we conducted cetacean assessment surveys in the western North Atlantic in which a suite of Simrad EK60 echosounders was used to characterize the distribution of prey along survey tracklines. Echosounders were alternated daily between active and passive mode, to determine whether their use affected visual and acoustic detection rates of beaked whales. A total of 256 groups of beaked whales were sighted, and 118 definitive acoustic detections were recorded. Regression analyses using generalized linear models (GLM) found that sea state and region were primary factors in determining visual sighting rates, while echosounder state was the primary driver for acoustic detections, with significantly fewer detections (only 3%) occurring when echosounders were active. These results indicate that beaked whales both detect and change their behaviour in response to commercial echosounders. The mechanism of this response is unknown, but could indicate interruption of foraging activity or vessel avoidance, with potential implications for management and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts.
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Pichegru L, Nyengera R, McInnes AM, Pistorius P. Avoidance of seismic survey activities by penguins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16305. [PMID: 29176687 PMCID: PMC5701127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seismic surveys in search for oil or gas under the seabed, produce the most intense man-made ocean noise with known impacts on invertebrates, fish and marine mammals. No evidence to date exists, however, about potential impacts on seabirds. Penguins may be expected to be particularly affected by loud underwater sounds, due to their largely aquatic existence. This study investigated the behavioural response of breeding endangered African Penguins Spheniscus demersus to seismic surveys within 100 km of their colony in South Africa, using a multi-year GPS tracking dataset. Penguins showed a strong avoidance of their preferred foraging areas during seismic activities, foraging significantly further from the survey vessel when in operation, while increasing their overall foraging effort. The birds reverted to normal behaviour when the operation ceased, although longer-term repercussions on hearing capacities cannot be precluded. The rapid industrialization of the oceans has increased levels of underwater anthropogenic noises globally, a growing concern for a wide range of taxa, now also including seabirds. African penguin numbers have decreased by 70% in the last 10 years, a strong motivation for precautionary management decisions, including the exclusion of seismic exploratory activities within at least 100 km of their breeding colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorien Pichegru
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Reason Nyengera
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Seabird Division, BirdLife South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alistair M McInnes
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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40
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Exposure to seismic air gun signals causes physiological harm and alters behavior in the scallop Pecten fumatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8537-E8546. [PMID: 28923925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700564114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seismic surveys map the seabed using intense, low-frequency sound signals that penetrate kilometers into the Earth's crust. Little is known regarding how invertebrates, including economically and ecologically important bivalves, are affected by exposure to seismic signals. In a series of field-based experiments, we investigate the impact of exposure to seismic surveys on scallops, using measurements of physiological and behavioral parameters to determine whether exposure may cause mass mortality or result in other sublethal effects. Exposure to seismic signals was found to significantly increase mortality, particularly over a chronic (months postexposure) time scale, though not beyond naturally occurring rates of mortality. Exposure did not elicit energetically expensive behaviors, but scallops showed significant changes in behavioral patterns during exposure, through a reduction in classic behaviors and demonstration of a nonclassic "flinch" response to air gun signals. Furthermore, scallops showed persistent alterations in recessing reflex behavior following exposure, with the rate of recessing increasing with repeated exposure. Hemolymph (blood analog) physiology showed a compromised capacity for homeostasis and potential immunodeficiency, as a range of hemolymph biochemistry parameters were altered and the density of circulating hemocytes (blood cell analog) was significantly reduced, with effects observed over acute (hours to days) and chronic (months) scales. The size of the air gun had no effect, but repeated exposure intensified responses. We postulate that the observed impacts resulted from high seabed ground accelerations driven by the air gun signal. Given the scope of physiological disruption, we conclude that seismic exposure can harm scallops.
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Fossati C, Mussi B, Tizzi R, Pavan G, Pace DS. Italy introduces pre and post operation monitoring phases for offshore seismic exploration activities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:376-378. [PMID: 28506427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concern is growing that marine fauna can be affected by noise such as naval sonar, pile driving or geophysical surveys, among others. Literature reports a variety of animal reactions to human noise (from apparently null or negligible to strong). However, conclusive results on its effects on marine mammals at individual and population level are still lacking. In 2015, the Italian Environmental Impact Assessment Commission mandated seismic operators apply a standard scientific protocol comparing marine mammal presence before, during, and after offshore seismic survey. For 60days before and after the survey, marine mammals are monitored using visual and acoustic methods. One or more acoustic autonomous recorders, depending on area size, must also be deployed throughout the three phases for continuous monitoring. Consistent data gathered from many surveys will enable robust statistical analysis of results. Diffusion of this monitoring method internationally would improve the study of far-reaching, intense, low frequency noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fossati
- CIBRA, Department of Earth and Environment Science, Pavia University, CONISMA, Rome, Italy.
| | - B Mussi
- Oceanomare Delphis Onlus, Via Gino Marinuzzi 74, Rome, Italy
| | - R Tizzi
- Oceanomare Delphis Onlus, Via Gino Marinuzzi 74, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pavan
- CIBRA, Department of Earth and Environment Science, Pavia University, CONISMA, Rome, Italy
| | - D S Pace
- Oceanomare Delphis Onlus, Via Gino Marinuzzi 74, Rome, Italy; Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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42
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McCauley RD, Day RD, Swadling KM, Fitzgibbon QP, Watson RA, Semmens JM. Widely used marine seismic survey air gun operations negatively impact zooplankton. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:195. [PMID: 28812592 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zooplankton underpin the health and productivity of global marine ecosystems. Here we present evidence that suggests seismic surveys cause significant mortality to zooplankton populations. Seismic surveys are used extensively to explore for petroleum resources using intense, low-frequency, acoustic impulse signals. Experimental air gun signal exposure decreased zooplankton abundance when compared with controls, as measured by sonar (~3-4 dB drop within 15-30 min) and net tows (median 64% decrease within 1 h), and caused a two- to threefold increase in dead adult and larval zooplankton. Impacts were observed out to the maximum 1.2 km range sampled, which was more than two orders of magnitude greater than the previously assumed impact range of 10 m. Although no adult krill were present, all larval krill were killed after air gun passage. There is a significant and unacknowledged potential for ocean ecosystem function and productivity to be negatively impacted by present seismic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan D Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kerrie M Swadling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Ecology and Biodiversity, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Private Bag 80, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Reg A Watson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, University Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
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43
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Merchant ND, Brookes KL, Faulkner RC, Bicknell AWJ, Godley BJ, Witt MJ. Underwater noise levels in UK waters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36942. [PMID: 27830837 PMCID: PMC5103265 DOI: 10.1038/srep36942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Underwater noise from human activities appears to be rising, with ramifications for acoustically sensitive marine organisms and the functioning of marine ecosystems. Policymakers are beginning to address the risk of ecological impact, but are constrained by a lack of data on current and historic noise levels. Here, we present the first nationally coordinated effort to quantify underwater noise levels, in support of UK policy objectives under the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Field measurements were made during 2013–2014 at twelve sites around the UK. Median noise levels ranged from 81.5–95.5 dB re 1 μPa for one-third octave bands from 63–500 Hz. Noise exposure varied considerably, with little anthropogenic influence at the Celtic Sea site, to several North Sea sites with persistent vessel noise. Comparison of acoustic metrics found that the RMS level (conventionally used to represent the mean) was highly skewed by outliers, exceeding the 97th percentile at some frequencies. We conclude that environmental indicators of anthropogenic noise should instead use percentiles, to ensure statistical robustness. Power analysis indicated that at least three decades of continuous monitoring would be required to detect trends of similar magnitude to historic rises in noise levels observed in the Northeast Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries &Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | | | - Rebecca C Faulkner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries &Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Anthony W J Bicknell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Matthew J Witt
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
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44
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Nedelec SL, Simpson SD, Morley EL, Nedelec B, Radford AN. Impacts of regular and random noise on the behaviour, growth and development of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151943. [PMID: 26468248 PMCID: PMC4633878 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise impacts behaviour and physiology in many species, but responses could change with repeat exposures. As repeat exposures can vary in regularity, identifying regimes with less impact is important for regulation. We use a 16-day split-brood experiment to compare effects of regular and random acoustic noise (playbacks of recordings of ships), relative to ambient-noise controls, on behaviour, growth and development of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Short-term noise caused startle responses in newly hatched fish, irrespective of rearing noise. Two days of both regular and random noise regimes reduced growth, while regular noise led to faster yolk sac use. After 16 days, growth in all three sound treatments converged, although fish exposed to regular noise had lower body width–length ratios. Larvae with lower body width–length ratios were easier to catch in a predator-avoidance experiment. Our results demonstrate that the timing of acoustic disturbances can impact survival-related measures during development. Much current work focuses on sound levels, but future studies should consider the role of noise regularity and its importance for noise management and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Nedelec
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK USR 3278 CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, CRIOBE BP 1013 Moorea, 98729 Polynesie Francaise, UK
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Erica L Morley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Brendan Nedelec
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Andrew N Radford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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45
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Estabrook BJ, Ponirakis DW, Clark CW, Rice AN. Widespread spatial and temporal extent of anthropogenic noise across the northeastern Gulf of Mexico shelf ecosystem. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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46
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Effects of anthropogenic sound on digging behavior, metabolism, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase activity, and metabolism-related gene expression of the bivalve Sinonovacula constricta. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24266. [PMID: 27063002 PMCID: PMC4827120 DOI: 10.1038/srep24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic sound has increased significantly in the past decade. However, only a few studies to date have investigated its effects on marine bivalves, with little known about the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. In the present study, the effects of different types, frequencies, and intensities of anthropogenic sounds on the digging behavior of razor clams (Sinonovacula constricta) were investigated. The results showed that variations in sound intensity induced deeper digging. Furthermore, anthropogenic sound exposure led to an alteration in the O:N ratios and the expression of ten metabolism-related genes from the glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) pathways. Expression of all genes under investigation was induced upon exposure to anthropogenic sound at ~80 dB re 1 μPa and repressed at ~100 dB re 1 μPa sound. In addition, the activity of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the feet tissues, which is directly related to muscular contraction and subsequently to digging behavior, was also found to be affected by anthropogenic sound intensity. The findings suggest that sound may be perceived by bivalves as changes in the water particle motion and lead to the subsequent reactions detected in razor clams.
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Day RD, McCauley RD, Fitzgibbon QP, Semmens JM. Seismic air gun exposure during early-stage embryonic development does not negatively affect spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii larvae (Decapoda: Palinuridae). Sci Rep 2016; 6:22723. [PMID: 26947006 PMCID: PMC4779986 DOI: 10.1038/srep22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine seismic surveys are used to explore for sub-seafloor oil and gas deposits. These surveys are conducted using air guns, which release compressed air to create intense sound impulses, which are repeated around every 8-12 seconds and can travel large distances in the water column. Considering the ubiquitous worldwide distribution of seismic surveys, the potential impact of exposure on marine invertebrates is poorly understood. In this study, egg-bearing female spiny lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) were exposed to signals from three air gun configurations, all of which exceeded sound exposure levels (SEL) of 185 dB re 1 μPa(2) · s. Lobsters were maintained until their eggs hatched and the larvae were then counted for fecundity, assessed for abnormal morphology using measurements of larval length and width, tested for larval competency using an established activity test and measured for energy content. Overall there were no differences in the quantity or quality of hatched larvae, indicating that the condition and development of spiny lobster embryos were not adversely affected by air gun exposure. These results suggest that embryonic spiny lobster are resilient to air gun signals and highlight the caution necessary in extrapolating results from the laboratory to real world scenarios or across life history stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Day
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robert D. McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Quinn P. Fitzgibbon
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jayson M. Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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48
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Solan M, Hauton C, Godbold JA, Wood CL, Leighton TG, White P. Anthropogenic sources of underwater sound can modify how sediment-dwelling invertebrates mediate ecosystem properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20540. [PMID: 26847483 PMCID: PMC4742813 DOI: 10.1038/srep20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal and shelf environments support high levels of biodiversity that are vital in mediating ecosystem processes, but they are also subject to noise associated with mounting levels of offshore human activity. This has the potential to alter the way in which species interact with their environment, compromising the mediation of important ecosystem properties. Here, we show that exposure to underwater broadband sound fields that resemble offshore shipping and construction activity can alter sediment-dwelling invertebrate contributions to fluid and particle transport--key processes in mediating benthic nutrient cycling. Despite high levels of intra-specific variability in physiological response, we find that changes in the behaviour of some functionally important species can be dependent on the class of broadband sound (continuous or impulsive). Our study provides evidence that exposing coastal environments to anthropogenic sound fields is likely to have much wider ecosystem consequences than are presently acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH
| | - Chris Hauton
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - Christina L Wood
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH
| | - Timothy G Leighton
- Institute of Sound &Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - Paul White
- Institute of Sound &Vibration Research, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
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49
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de Soto NA. Peer-Reviewed Studies on the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Invertebrates: From Scallop Larvae to Giant Squid. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:17-26. [PMID: 26610940 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates at the base of oceanic trophic webs play important ecological and economical roles supporting worldwide fisheries worth millions. There is an increasing concern about the effects of anthropogenic noise on marine fauna but little is known about its effects on invertebrates. Here the current peer-reviewed literature on this subject is reviewed, dealing with different ontogenetic stages and taxa. These studies show that the noise effects on marine invertebrates range from apparently null to behavioral/physiological responses to mortalities. They emphasize the need to consider potential interactions of human activities using intense sound sources with the conservation and fisheries of local invertebrate stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Aguilar de Soto
- Department of Animal Biology, Biodiversity, Marine Ecology, and Conservation (BIOECOMAC), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
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50
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Noise in the Sea and Its Impacts on Marine Organisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12304-23. [PMID: 26437424 PMCID: PMC4626970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the growing utilization and exploration of the ocean, anthropogenic noise increases significantly and gives rise to a new kind of pollution: noise pollution. In this review, the source and the characteristics of noise in the sea, the significance of sound to marine organisms, and the impacts of noise on marine organisms are summarized. In general, the studies about the impact of noise on marine organisms are mainly on adult fish and mammals, which account for more than 50% and 20% of all the cases reported. Studies showed that anthropogenic noise can cause auditory masking, leading to cochlear damage, changes in individual and social behavior, altered metabolisms, hampered population recruitment, and can subsequently affect the health and service functions of marine ecosystems. However, since different sampling methodologies and unstandarized measurements were used and the effects of noise on marine organisms are dependent on the characteristics of the species and noise investigated, it is difficult to compare the reported results. Moreover, the scarcity of studies carried out with other species and with larval or juvenile individuals severely constrains the present understanding of noise pollution. In addition, further studies are needed to reveal in detail the causes for the detected impacts.
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