1
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Wilson M, Al-Hamid A, Abbas I, Birkett J, Khan I, Harper M, Al-Jumeily Obe D, Assi S. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 38637978 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To perform a systematic review of studies that sought to identify diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which could be used in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where there is a lack of diagnostic equipment, treatments and training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Papers were sourced from six databases: the British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 were systematically reviewed by three reviewers and appropriate search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were yielded, as well as 234 diagnostic biomarkers (74 for CVD and 160 for DM). Primary biomarkers for the diagnosis of CVDs included growth differentiation factor 15 and neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (Notch1). For the diagnosis of DM, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C-peptides, isoleucine, glucose, tyrosine, linoleic acid and valine were frequently reported across the included studies. Advanced analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and vibrational spectroscopy, were also repeatedly reported in the included studies and were utilized in combination with traditional and alternative matrices such as fingernails, hair and saliva. CONCLUSIONS While advanced analytical techniques are expensive, laboratories in LMICs should carry out a cost-benefit analysis of their use. Alternatively, laboratories may want to explore emerging techniques such as infrared, Fourier transform-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy, which allow sensitive noninvasive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wilson
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdullah Al-Hamid
- Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jason Birkett
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iftikhar Khan
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Harper
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dhiya Al-Jumeily Obe
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sulaf Assi
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Mendes MSM, Rosa ME, Coutinho JAP, Freire MG, E Silva FA. Improved accuracy in pentraxin-3 quantification assisted by aqueous biphasic systems as serum pretreatment strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127540. [PMID: 37863128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Although pentraxin-3 holds promise as a diagnosis/prognosis biomarker of microbial infections and lung cancer, its analysis in human serum can be constrained by matrix effects caused by high abundance proteins - human serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. Aqueous biphasic systems composed of polymers and citrate buffer are here proposed as a serum pretreatment step to improve the accuracy of pentraxin-3 analysis. Binodal curves were determined to identify the compositions required to form two phases and to correlate the polymers' properties and performance in serum pretreatment and biomarker extraction. Aqueous biphasic systems were evaluated regarding their ability to deplete human serum albumin and immunoglobulin G at the interphase. Polymers of relatively high to intermediate hydrophobicity were unveiled as efficient components to deplete high abundance serum proteins. Considering the possibility to extract pentraxin-3 from human serum into the polymer-rich phase, the system composed of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 g·mol-1 simultaneously achieved >93 % of human serum albumin and immunoglobulin G depletion and complete biomarker extraction. The accuracy of analysis of pretreated human serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays outperformed that of a non-pretreated sample, with a relative error of 0.8 % compared to 14.6 %, contributing to boost pentraxin-3 usefulness as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S M Mendes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marguerita E Rosa
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mara G Freire
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Francisca A E Silva
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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3
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Joshi PU, Kroger SM, Zustiak SP, Heldt CL. Multimodal peptide ligand extracts parvovirus from interface in affinity aqueous two-phase system. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3338. [PMID: 36891815 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have found various applications in bioseparations and microencapsulation. The primary goal of this technique is to partition target biomolecules in a preferred phase, rich in one of the phase-forming components. However, there is a lack of understanding of biomolecule behavior at the interface between the two phases. Biomolecule partitioning behavior is studied using tie-lines (TL), where each TL is a group of systems at thermodynamic equilibrium. Across a TL, a system can either have a bulk PEG-rich phase with citrate-rich droplets, or the opposite can occur. We found that porcine parvovirus (PPV) was recovered at a higher amount when PEG was the bulk phase and citrate was in droplets and that the salt and PEG concentrations are high. To improve the recovery, A PEG 10 kDa-peptide conjugate was formed using the multimodal WRW ligand. When WRW was present, less PPV was caught at the interface of the two-phase system, and more was recovered in the PEG-rich phase. While WRW did not significantly increase the PPV recovery in the high TL system, which was found earlier to be optimal for PPV recovery, the peptide did greatly enhance recovery at a lower TL. This lower TL has a lower viscosity and overall system PEG and citrate concentration. The results provide both a method to increase virus recovery in a lower viscosity system, as well as provide interesting thoughts into the interfacial phenomenon and how to recover virus in a phase and not at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik U Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kroger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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4
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Hendriks J, Schasfoort RBM, Huskens J, Saris DF, Karperien M. Kinetic characterization of SPR-based biomarker assays enables quality control, calibration free measurements and robust optimization for clinical application. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114918. [PMID: 36170905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker measurements are essential for the early diagnosis of complex diseases. However, many current biomarker assays lack sensitivity and multiplexing capacity, work in a narrow detection range and importantly lack real time quality control opportunities, which hampers clinical translation. In this paper, we demonstrate a toolbox to kinetically characterize a biomarker measurement assay using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) with ample opportunities for real time quality control by exploiting quantitative descriptions of the various biomolecular interactions. We show an accurate prediction of SPRi measurements at both low and high concentrations of various analytes with deviations <5% between actual measurements and predicted measurement. The biphasic binding sites model was accurate for fitting the experimental curves and enables optimal detection of heterophilic antibodies, cross-reactivity, spotting irregularities and/or other confounders. The toolbox can also be used to create a (simulated) calibration curve, enabling calibration-free measurements with good recovery, it allows for easy assay optimizations, and could help bridge the gap to bring new biomarker assays to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - DaniëlB F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
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5
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Li Z, McNeely M, Sandford E, Tewari M, Johnson-Buck A, Walter NG. Attomolar Sensitivity in Single Biomarker Counting upon Aqueous Two-Phase Surface Enrichment. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1419-1430. [PMID: 35438959 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
From longstanding techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to modern next-generation sequencing, many of the most sensitive and specific biomarker detection assays require capture of the analyte at a surface. While surface-based assays provide advantages, including the ability to reduce background by washing away excess reagents and/or increase specificity through analyte-specific capture probes, the limited efficiency of capture from dilute solution often restricts assay sensitivity to the femtomolar-to-nanomolar range. Although assays for many nucleic acid analytes can decrease limits of detection (LODs) to the subfemtomolar range using polymerase chain reaction, such amplification may introduce biases, errors, and an increased risk of sample cross-contamination. Furthermore, many analytes cannot be amplified easily, including short nucleic acid fragments, epigenetic modifications, and proteins. To address the challenge of achieving subfemtomolar LODs in surface-based assays without amplification, we exploit an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to concentrate target molecules in a smaller-volume phase near the assay surface, thus increasing capture efficiency compared to passive diffusion from the original solution. We demonstrate the utility of ATPS-enhanced capture via single molecule recognition through equilibrium Poisson sampling (SiMREPS), a microscopy technique previously shown to possess >99.9999% detection specificity for DNA mutations but an LOD of only ∼1-5 fM. By combining ATPS-enhanced capture with a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probe design for rapid data acquisition over many fields of view, we improve the LOD ∼ 300-fold to <10 aM for an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. We further validate this ATPS-assisted FRET-SiMREPS assay by detecting endogenous exon 19 deletion molecules in cancer patient blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Molly McNeely
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Erin Sandford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexander Johnson-Buck
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nils G. Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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6
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Protocell arrays for simultaneous detection of diverse analytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5724. [PMID: 34588445 PMCID: PMC8481512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple analytes from a single sample (multiplexing), particularly when done at the point of need, can guide complex decision-making without increasing the required sample volume or cost per test. Despite recent advances, multiplexed analyte sensing still typically faces the critical limitation of measuring only one type of molecule (e.g., small molecules or nucleic acids) per assay platform. Here, we address this bottleneck with a customizable platform that integrates cell-free expression (CFE) with a polymer-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), producing membrane-less protocells containing transcription and translation machinery used for detection. We show that multiple protocells, each performing a distinct sensing reaction, can be arrayed in the same microwell to detect chemically diverse targets from the same sample. Furthermore, these protocell arrays are compatible with human biofluids, maintain function after lyophilization and rehydration, and can produce visually interpretable readouts, illustrating this platform's potential as a minimal-equipment, field-deployable, multi-analyte detection tool.
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7
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Li J, Zhang X, Gao F, Yuan Q, Zhang C, Yuan H, Liu Y, Chen L, Han Y, Gao X, Gao L. Catalytic Clusterbody for Enhanced Quantitative Protein Immunoblot. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10807-10815. [PMID: 34328735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To assess low-abundance protein biomarkers associated with tumor progression, we have developed artificial catalytic antibodies based on well-defined metal clusters modified with rationally designed peptides, termed clusterbodies. Such clusterbodies possess favorable integrated features of matched ultrasmall sizes, intrinsic fluorescence, and enzyme-like catalytic and selective recognition properties that are inaccessible to traditional antibodies. Consequently, a quantitative assay with high accuracy and high sensitivity is established by measuring the fluorescence and catalytic chemiluminescence of metal clusters preferentially recognizing the protein biomarker, which is confirmed by the molecular-weight marker references of immunoblotting. The results of quantitative immunoblotting are highly close to that derived from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, implying the reliability of this protocol. Remarkably, the detection limit of the aimed protein achieved is as low as 1.0 pg, one magnitude lower than that of the conventional immunoassay. The significant variation of expression levels of the biomarker in tumor cells evidently indicates their distinguished invasion ability. This platform has potential application in analyzing low-abundance protein biomarkers in complex biological matrixes, which is essential to corroborate tumor malignancy in early stage. It inspires the construction of clusterbody-based precise bioprobes with customized structures and integrative functions for advanced quantitative biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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8
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Ahmed T, Yamanishi C, Kojima T, Takayama S. Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and Microfluidics for Microscale Assays and Analytical Measurements. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:231-255. [PMID: 33950741 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091520-101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation is a common occurrence in nature. Synthetic and natural polymers, salts, ionic liquids, surfactants, and biomacromolecules phase separate in water, resulting in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). This review discusses the properties, handling, and uses of ATPSs. These systems have been used for protein, nucleic acid, virus, and cell purification and have in recent years found new uses for small organics, polysaccharides, extracellular vesicles, and biopharmaceuticals. Analytical biochemistry applications such as quantifying protein-protein binding, probing for conformational changes, or monitoring enzyme activity have been performed with ATPSs. Not only are ATPSs biocompatible, they also retain their properties at the microscale, enabling miniaturization experiments such as droplet microfluidics, bacterial quorum sensing, multiplexed and point-of-care immunoassays, and cell patterning. ATPSs include coacervates and may find wider interest in the context of intracellular phase separation and origin of life. Recent advances in fundamental understanding and in commercial application are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasdiq Ahmed
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Cameron Yamanishi
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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9
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Liu X, Sun Y, Lin X, Pan X, Wu Z, Gai H. Digital Duplex Homogeneous Immunoassay by Counting Immunocomplex Labeled with Quantum Dots. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3089-3095. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhangjian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Gai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Gilboa T, Maley AM, Ogata AF, Wu C, Walt DR. Sequential Protein Capture in Multiplex Single Molecule Arrays: A Strategy for Eliminating Assay Cross-Reactivity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001111. [PMID: 32893488 PMCID: PMC8238389 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of multiple biomolecules within the same biological sample are important for many clinical applications to enable accurate disease diagnosis or classification. These disease-related biomarkers often exist at very low levels in biological fluids, necessitating ultrasensitive measurement methods. Single-molecule arrays (Simoa), a bead-based digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is the current state of the art for ultrasensitive protein detection and can detect sub-femtomolar protein concentrations, but its ability to achieve high-order multiplexing without cross-reactivity remains a challenge. Here, a sequential protein capture approach for multiplex Simoa assays is implemented to eliminate cross-reactivity between binding reagents by sequentially capturing each protein analyte and then incubating each capture bead with only its corresponding detection antibody. This strategy not only reduces cross-reactivity to background levels and significantly improves measurement accuracies, but also enables higher-order multiplexing. As a proof of concept, the sequential multiplex Simoa assay is used to measure five different cytokines in plasma samples from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The ultrasensitive sequential multiplex Simoa assays will enable the simultaneous measurements of multiple low-abundance analytes in a time- and cost-effective manner and will prove especially critical in many cases where sample volumes are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gilboa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam M Maley
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alana F Ogata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Connie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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11
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He Z, Huffman J, Curtin K, Garner KL, Bowdridge EC, Li X, Nurkiewicz TR, Li P. Composable Microfluidic Plates (cPlate): A Simple and Scalable Fluid Manipulation System for Multiplexed Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Anal Chem 2021; 93:1489-1497. [PMID: 33326204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard method for protein biomarkers. However, scaling up ELISA for multiplexed biomarker analysis is not a trivial task due to the lengthy procedures for fluid manipulation and high reagent/sample consumption. Herein, we present a highly scalable multiplexed ELISA that achieves a similar level of performance to commercial single-target ELISA kits as well as shorter assay time, less consumption, and simpler procedures. This ELISA is enabled by a novel microscale fluid manipulation method, composable microfluidic plates (cPlate), which are comprised of miniaturized 96-well plates and their corresponding channel plates. By assembling and disassembling the plates, all of the fluid manipulations for 96 independent ELISA reactions can be achieved simultaneously without any external fluid manipulation equipment. Simultaneous quantification of four protein biomarkers in serum samples is demonstrated with the cPlate system, achieving high sensitivity and specificity (∼ pg/mL), short assay time (∼1 h), low consumption (∼5 μL/well), high scalability, and ease of use. This platform is further applied to probe the levels of three protein biomarkers related to vascular dysfunction under pulmonary nanoparticle exposure in rat's plasma. Because of the low cost, portability, and instrument-free nature of the cPlate system, it will have great potential for multiplexed point-of-care testing in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Justin Huffman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kathrine Curtin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Krista L Garner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Bowdridge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.,Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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12
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Tongdee M, Yamanishi C, Maeda M, Kojima T, Dishinger J, Chantiwas R, Takayama S. One-incubation one-hour multiplex ELISA enabled by aqueous two-phase systems. Analyst 2021; 145:3517-3527. [PMID: 32248215 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a convenient one-hour enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) formulated with conventional antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reagents. The method utilizes aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) droplet formation based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-containing sample solution-triggered rehydration of dehydrated dextran (DEX) spots that contain all antibody reagents. Key advances in this paper include development of a formulation that allows a quick 1-hour overall incubation time and a procedure where inclusion of the HRP reagent in the PEG solution reduces the number of washing and incubation steps required to perform this assay. As an assay application, a 5-plex cytokine test compares cytokine secretion of differentially-treated human ThP-1 macrophages. Given the use of only readily available reagents and a common Western blot imaging system for the readout, this method is envisioned to be broadly applicable to a variety of multiplex immunoassays. To facilitate broader use, companion image processing software as an ImageJ plugin is also described and provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintra Tongdee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, USA
| | - Cameron Yamanishi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, USA
| | - Midori Maeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, USA
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Rattikan Chantiwas
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, USA
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13
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Moon BU, Malic L, Morton K, Jeyhani M, Elmanzalawy A, Tsai SSH, Veres T. Evaporation-Driven Water-in-Water Droplet Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14333-14341. [PMID: 33179927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present new observations of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) thermodynamic and interfacial phenomena that occur inside sessile droplets due to water evaporation. Sessile droplets that contain polymeric solutions, which are initially in equilibrium in a single phase, are observed at their three-phase liquid-solid-air contact line. As evaporation of a sessile droplet proceeds, we find that submicron secondary water-in-water (W/W) droplets emerge spontaneously at the edges of the mother sessile droplet due to the resulting phase separation from water evaporation. To understand this phenomenon, we first study the secondary W/W droplet formation process on different substrate materials, namely, glass, polycarbonate (PC), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), poly(dimethylsiloxane)-coated glass slide (PDMS substrate), and Teflon-coated glass slide (Teflon substrate), and show that secondary W/W droplet formation arises only in lower-contact-angle substrates near the three-phase contact line. Next, we characterize the size of the emergent secondary W/W droplets as a function of time. We observe that W/W drops are formed, coalesced, aligned, and trapped along the contact line of the mother droplet. We demonstrate that this W/W multiple emulsion system can be used to encapsulate magnetic particles and blood cells, and achieve size-based separation. Finally, we show the applicability of this system for protein sensing. This is the first experimental observation of evaporation-induced secondary W/W droplet generation in a sessile droplet. We anticipate that the phenomena described here may be applicable to some biological assay applications, for example, biomarker detection, protein sensing, and point-of-care diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Ui Moon
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Lidija Malic
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Keith Morton
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Morteza Jeyhani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman Elmanzalawy
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Quebec J4B 6Y4, Canada
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14
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Kvas M, Teixeira AG, Chiang B, Frampton JP. Aqueous two-phase system antibody confinement enables cost-effective analysis of protein analytes by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with minimal optical crosstalk. Analyst 2020; 145:5458-5465. [PMID: 32578585 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous two-phase system formed from polyethylene glycol and dextran was used to uniformly coat the bottom surfaces of the wells of standard 96-well assay plates with capture and detection antibodies to improve the performance and cost-effectiveness of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using this approach, limits of detection and linear dynamic range values comparable to those obtained for conventional sandwich ELISA were obtained using considerably lower antibody quantities due to the much lower reagent volumes required when antibodies are applied in a dextran solution beneath a polyethylene glycol overlay. Confinement of the antibody reagents to the bottom surfaces of the wells within the dextran phase also dramatically decreased the optical crosstalk present between neighboring wells when using transparent microplates. Adaptation of the conventional single sandwich ELISA for aqueous two-phase system antibody confinement was demonstrated by analysis of standard curves for C-reactive protein, transforming growth factor beta 1, and the chemokine CXCL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Kvas
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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15
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Park D, Cheng J, Park JB, Shin S, Lee SH, Hong BH, Kim SH, Hyun J, Yang C. pH-Triggered Silk Fibroin/Alginate Structures Fabricated in Aqueous Two-Phase System. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5897-5905. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- DoYeun Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jong Bo Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Shin
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-27011, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Hyun
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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16
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Yamanishi C, Oliver CR, Kojima T, Takayama S. Stigmatic Microscopy Enables Low-Cost, 3D, Microscale Particle Imaging Velocimetry in Rehydrating Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Front Chem 2019; 7:311. [PMID: 31179265 PMCID: PMC6538919 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the construction of a novel stigmatic microscope and image analysis algorithm to simultaneously analyze convective mixing both inside and outside of rehydrating μL-scale aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) droplets. Stigmatic microscopy is inexpensive and advantageous because it modifies the point-spread function of fluorescent particles to enable measurement of their 3D positions from single 2D images, without needing to take slices. In one application of the technique, the convection patterns captured clarify how different ATPS formulations succeed or fail to exclude cells for patterning. Particle flow traces reveal speed and directionality of circulation, indicating temporary eddies at the outer edge of the rehydrating droplet. In another application, the speed of circulation during rehydration was analyzed for different ATPS formulations and the results used to develop a new fast ELISA procedure. While this paper focuses on ATPS rehydration, the microscope and algorithm should be applicable to a broad range of microfluidic flows where microscale 3D convection is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Yamanishi
- The Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C. Ryan Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- The Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- The Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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17
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McQueen L, Lai D. Ionic Liquid Aqueous Two-Phase Systems From a Pharmaceutical Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:135. [PMID: 30931300 PMCID: PMC6428778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPSs) have been extensively studied for their ability to simultaneously separate and purify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and key intermediates with high yields and high purity. Depending on the ATPS composition, it can be adapted for the separation and purification of cells, nucleic acids, proteins, antibodies, and small molecules. This method has been shown to be scalable, allowing it to be used in the milliliter scale for early drug development to thousands of liters in manufacture for commercial supply. The benefits of ATPS in pharmaceutical separations is increasingly being recognized and investigated by larger pharmaceutical companies. ATPSs use identical instrumentation and similar methodology, therefore a change from traditional methods has a theoretical low barrier of adoption. The cost of typical components used to form an ATPS at large scale, particularly that of polymer-polymer systems, is the primary challenge to widespread use across industry. However, there are a few polymer-salt examples where the increase in yield at commercial scale justifies the cost of using ATPSs for macromolecule purification. More recently, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been used for ATPS separations that is more sustainable as a solvent, and more economical than polymers often used in ATPSs for small molecule applications. Such IL-ATPSs still retain much of the attractive characteristics such as customizable chemical and physical properties, stability, safety, and most importantly, can provide higher yield separations of organic compounds, and efficient solvent recycling to lower financial and environmental costs of large scale manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa McQueen
- Drug Product Design and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - David Lai
- Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States.,Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
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18
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Kojima T, Lin CC, Takayama S, Fan SK. Determination of Aqueous Two-Phase System Binodals and Tie-Lines by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric Droplet Manipulation. Chembiochem 2019; 20:270-275. [PMID: 30394637 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Handling the aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) relies on the accurate construction of binodal curves and tie-lines, which delineate the polymer concentrations required for phase separation and depict the properties of the resulting phases, respectively. Various techniques to determine the binodal curves and tie-lines of ATPSs exist, but most rely on manually pipetting relatively large volumes of fluids in a slow and tedious manner. We describe a method to determine ATPS binodals and tie-lines that overcomes these disadvantages: microscale droplet manipulation by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). EWOD enables automated handling of droplets in an optically transparent platform that allows for in situ droplet observation. Separated phases are clearly visible, and the volumes of each phase are readily determined. Additionally, in considering the molecular crowding present in living cells, this work examines the role of a macromolecule in prompting LLPS. These results show that EWOD-driven droplet manipulation effectively interrogates the phase dynamics of ATPSs and macromolecular crowding in LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Kojima
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atalanta, NW, 30332, USA
| | - Chu-Chi Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atalanta, NW, 30332, USA
| | - Shih-Kang Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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19
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Ruthven M, Ko KR, Agarwal R, Frampton JP. Microscopic evaluation of aqueous two-phase system emulsion characteristics enables rapid determination of critical polymer concentrations for solution micropatterning. Analyst 2018; 142:1938-1945. [PMID: 28487922 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems have emerged as valuable tools for microscale analysis of cell growth and many other biotechnology applications. The most critical step in developing an aqueous two-phase system for a specific application is identifying the critical concentrations at which the polymer solutions phase-separate. Current techniques for determining these critical concentrations rely on laborious methods, highly specialized assays or computational methods that make this step difficult for non-specialists. To overcome these limitations, we present a simplified assay that uses only readily accessible laboratory instruments and consumables (e.g., multichannel micropipettes, 96-well plates and a simple compound microscope) to determine the critical concentrations of aqueous two-phase system-forming polymers. We demonstrate that formulations selected from phase diagrams that describe these critical concentrations can be applied for solution micropatterning of cells.
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20
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Hendriks J, Stojanovic I, Schasfoort RBM, Saris DBF, Karperien M. Nanoparticle Enhancement Cascade for Sensitive Multiplex Measurements of Biomarkers in Complex Fluids with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6563-6571. [PMID: 29732889 PMCID: PMC5990928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
There is a large
unmet need for reliable biomarker measurement
systems for clinical application. Such systems should meet challenging
requirements for large scale use, including a large dynamic detection
range, multiplexing capacity, and both high specificity and sensitivity.
More importantly, these requirements need to apply to complex biological
samples, which require extensive quality control. In this paper, we
present the development of an enhancement detection cascade for surface
plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The cascade applies an antibody
sandwich assay, followed by neutravidin and a gold nanoparticle enhancement
for quantitative biomarker measurements in small volumes of complex
fluids. We present a feasibility study both in simple buffers and
in spiked equine synovial fluid with four cytokines, IL-1β,
IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Our enhancement cascade leads
to an antibody dependent improvement in sensitivity up to 40 000
times, resulting in a limit of detection as low as 50 fg/mL and a
dynamic detection range of more than 7 logs. Additionally, measurements
at these low concentrations are highly reliable with intra- and interassay
CVs between 2% and 20%. We subsequently showed this assay is suitable
for multiplex measurements with good specificity and limited cross-reactivity.
Moreover, we demonstrated robust detection of IL-6 and IL-1β
in spiked undiluted equine synovial fluid with small variation compared
to buffer controls. In addition, the availability of real time measurements
provides extensive quality control opportunities, essential for clinical
applications. Therefore, we consider this method is suitable for broad
application in SPRi for multiplex biomarker detection in both research
and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Stojanovic
- Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Daniël B F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics , UMC Utrecht , Utrecht , 3584 CX , The Netherlands.,Department of Reconstructive Medicine, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
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21
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22
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Teixeira AG, Agarwal R, Ko KR, Grant‐Burt J, Leung BM, Frampton JP. Emerging Biotechnology Applications of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701036. [PMID: 29280350 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation between aqueous solutions containing two incompatible polymers, a polymer and a salt, or a polymer and a surfactant, has been exploited for a wide variety of biotechnology applications throughout the years. While many applications for aqueous two-phase systems fall within the realm of separation science, the ability to partition many different materials within these systems, coupled with recent advances in materials science and liquid handling, has allowed bioengineers to imagine new applications. This progress report provides an overview of the history and key properties of aqueous two-phase systems to lend context to how these materials have progressed to modern applications such as cellular micropatterning and bioprinting, high-throughput 3D tissue assembly, microscale biomolecular assay development, facilitation of cell separation and microcapsule production using microfluidic devices, and synthetic biology. Future directions and present limitations and design considerations of this adaptable and promising toolkit for biomolecule and cellular manipulation are further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne G. Teixeira
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Rishima Agarwal
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Kristin Robin Ko
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Jessica Grant‐Burt
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Brendan M. Leung
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
- Department of Applied Oral Science Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - John P. Frampton
- School of Biomedical Engineering Dalhousie University 5981 University Avenue Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
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23
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Yu X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Jiang H, Lv Z, Shen J, Xia G, Wen K. Universal simultaneous multiplex ELISA of small molecules in milk based on dual luciferases. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1001:125-133. [PMID: 29291795 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has become the most important and widely used rapid detection technology for food safety because of its simple operation, fast speed and high sensitivity. Multiplex synchronous detection is the goal of ELISA that is always pursuing for. However, the reported multiplex ELISAs have not truly realized synchronous detection because of the complex signal generation and collection procedures. Here, we developed a dual-luciferases competitive direct bioluminescent immunoassay (DBL-cdELISA) with only one substrate addition step followed immediately by simultaneous signal acquisition. It is the first report of simultaneous multiplex analysis of small molecules based on microtiter plates and enzymes without any additional steps. The IC50 values for norfloxacin (NOR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were 0.051 ng mL-1 and 0.211 ng mL-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the application of different luciferases and substrates simplified the signal generation and collection procedures and enabled simultaneous detection of small molecules with a simple procedure, high throughput and fast speed, that will be of great significance for the development of multiple assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8, Longyuan Road, Longzhu Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Li H, Brewer G, Ongo G, Normandeau F, Omeroglu A, Juncker D. Immunohistochemistry Microarrays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8620-8625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Brewer
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Grant Ongo
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Frederic Normandeau
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
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25
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Profile of Inflammation-Associated Proteins in Early Post-Transplant Samples of Patients After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Preliminary Study. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 64:55-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Laforte V, Lo PS, Li H, Juncker D. Antibody Colocalization Microarray for Cross-Reactivity-Free Multiplexed Protein Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1619:239-261. [PMID: 28674891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7057-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring many proteins at once is of great importance to the idea of personalized medicine, in order to get a snapshot of a person's health status. We describe the antibody colocalization microarray (ACM), a variant of antibody microarrays which avoids reagent-induced cross-reactivity by printing individual detection antibodies atop their corresponding capture antibodies. We discuss experimental parameters that are critical for the success of ACM experiments, namely, the printing positional accuracy needed for the two printing rounds and the need for protecting dried spots during the second printing round. Using small sample volumes (less than 30 μL) and small quantities of reagents, up to 108 different targets can be measured in hundreds of samples with great specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Laforte
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0G1
| | - Pik-Shan Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0G1
| | - Huiyan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0G1
| | - David Juncker
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4.
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0G1.
- Micro and Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield #6206, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 0G1.
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Eiden L, Yamanishi C, Takayama S, Dishinger JF. Aqueous Two-Phase System Rehydration of Antibody–Polymer Microarrays Enables Convenient Compartmentalized Multiplex Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11328-11334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Eiden
- PHASIQ, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Cameron Yamanishi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Aqueous Two Phase System Assisted Self-Assembled PLGA Microparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27736. [PMID: 27279329 PMCID: PMC4899744 DOI: 10.1038/srep27736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we produce poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based microparticles with varying morphologies, and temperature responsive properties utilizing a Pluronic F127/dextran aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) assisted self-assembly. The PLGA polymer, when emulsified in Pluronic F127/dextran ATPS, forms unique microparticle structures due to ATPS guided-self assembly. Depending on the PLGA concentration, the particles either formed a core-shell or a composite microparticle structure. The microparticles facilitate the simultaneous incorporation of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, due to their amphiphilic macromolecule composition. Further, due to the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties of Pluronic F127, the particles exhibit temperature responsiveness. The ATPS based microparticle formation demonstrated in this study, serves as a novel platform for PLGA/polymer based tunable micro/nano particle and polymersome development. The unique properties may be useful in applications such as theranostics, synthesis of complex structure particles, bioreaction/mineralization at the two-phase interface, and bioseparations.
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29
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Dias JT, Lama L, Gantelius J, Andersson-Svahn H. Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8195-8201. [PMID: 27030365 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dias
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - L Lama
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - J Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - H Andersson-Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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30
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Dixon AR, Bathany C, Tsuei M, White J, Barald KF, Takayama S. Recent developments in multiplexing techniques for immunohistochemistry. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1171-86. [PMID: 26289603 PMCID: PMC4810438 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1069182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methods to detect immunolabeled molecules at increasingly higher resolutions, even when present at low levels, are revolutionizing immunohistochemistry (IHC). These technologies can be valuable for the management and examination of rare patient tissue specimens, and for improved accuracy of early disease detection. The purpose of this article is to highlight recent multiplexing methods that are candidates for more prevalent use in clinical research and potential translation to the clinic. Multiplex IHC methods, which permit identification of at least 3 and up to 30 discrete antigens, have been divided into whole-section staining and spatially-patterned staining categories. Associated signal enhancement technologies that can enhance performance and throughput of multiplex IHC assays are also discussed. Each multiplex IHC technique, detailed herein, is associated with several advantages as well as tradeoffs that must be taken into consideration for proper evaluation and use of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Dixon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cédric Bathany
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 100 Banyeon-ri, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Tsuei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua White
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kate F Barald
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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31
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Ham SL, Atefi E, Fyffe D, Tavana H. Robotic production of cancer cell spheroids with an aqueous two-phase system for drug testing. J Vis Exp 2015:e52754. [PMID: 25939084 PMCID: PMC4541593 DOI: 10.3791/52754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell spheroids present a relevant in vitro model of avascular tumors for anti-cancer drug testing applications. A detailed protocol for producing both mono-culture and co-culture spheroids in a high throughput 96-well plate format is described in this work. This approach utilizes an aqueous two-phase system to confine cells into a drop of the denser aqueous phase immersed within the second aqueous phase. The drop rests on the well surface and keeps cells in close proximity to form a single spheroid. This technology has been adapted to a robotic liquid handler to produce size-controlled spheroids and expedite the process of spheroid production for compound screening applications. Spheroids treated with a clinically-used drug show reduced cell viability with increase in the drug dose. The use of a standard micro-well plate for spheroid generation makes it straightforward to analyze viability of cancer cells of drug-treated spheroids with a micro-plate reader. This technology is straightforward to implement both robotically and with other liquid handling tools such as manual pipettes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Atefi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron
| | - Darcy Fyffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron;
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32
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Paczesny S. Graft-versus-host disease in children after hematopoietic cell transplantation: potential clinical utility of biomarkers. Int J Hematol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.15.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tighe PJ, Ryder RR, Todd I, Fairclough LC. ELISA in the multiplex era: potentials and pitfalls. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:406-22. [PMID: 25644123 PMCID: PMC6680274 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays confer several advantages over widely adopted singleplex immunoassays including increased efficiency at a reduced expense, greater output per sample volume ratios and higher throughput predicating more resolute, detailed diagnostics and facilitating personalised medicine. Nonetheless, to date, relatively few protein multiplex immunoassays have been validated for in vitro diagnostics in clinical/point-of-care settings. This review article will outline the challenges, which must be ameliorated prior to the widespread integration of multiplex immunoassays in clinical settings: (i) biomarker validation; (ii) standardisation of immunoassay design and quality control (calibration and quantification); (iii) availability, stability, specificity and cross-reactivity of reagents; (iv) assay automation and the use of validated algorithms for transformation of raw data into diagnostic results. A compendium of multiplex immunoassays applicable to in vitro diagnostics and a summary of the diagnostic products currently available commercially are included, along with an analysis of the relative states of development for each format (namely planar slide based, suspension and planar/microtitre plate based) with respect to the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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A multi-analyte biosensor for the simultaneous label-free detection of pathogens and biomarkers in point-of-need animal testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4005-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Wang J, Gong A, Yang CF, Bao Q, Shi XY, Han BB, Wu XY, Wu FA. An effective biphase system accelerates hesperidinase-catalyzed conversion of rutin to isoquercitrin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8682. [PMID: 25731802 PMCID: PMC4346833 DOI: 10.1038/srep08682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquercitrin is a rare, natural ingredient with several biological activities that is a key precursor for the synthesis of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ). The enzymatic production of isoquercitrin from rutin catalyzed by hesperidinase is feasible; however, the bioprocess is hindered by low substrate concentration and a long reaction time. Thus, a novel biphase system consisting of [Bmim][BF4]:glycine-sodium hydroxide (pH 9) (10:90, v/v) and glyceryl triacetate (1:1, v/v) was initially established for isoquercitrin production. The biotransformation product was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the bonding mechanism of the enzyme and substrate was inferred using circular dichroism spectra and kinetic parameters. The highest rutin conversion of 99.5% and isoquercitrin yield of 93.9% were obtained after 3 h. The reaction route is environmentally benign and mild, and the biphase system could be reused. The substrate concentration was increased 2.6-fold, the reaction time was reduced to three tenths the original time. The three-dimensional structure of hesperidinase was changed in the biphase system, which α-helix and random content were reduced and β-sheet content was increased. Thus, the developed biphase system can effectively strengthen the hesperidinase-catalyzed synthesis of isoquercitrin with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. 212013, P R China
| | - An Gong
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
| | - Cai-Feng Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
| | - Qi Bao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
| | - Xin-Yi Shi
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
| | - Bei-Bei Han
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang. 212013, P R China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang. 212018, P R China
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Abstract
All of life is regulated by complex and organized chemical reactions that help dictate when to grow, to move, to reproduce, and to die. When these processes go awry, or are interrupted by pathological agents, diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, or infections can result. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adipokines, and other chemical moieties make up a vast subset of these chemical reactions that are altered in disease states, and monitoring changes in these molecules could provide for the identification of disease biomarkers. From the first identification of carcinoembryonic antigen, to the discovery of prostate-specific antigen, to numerous others described within, biomarkers of disease are detectable in a plethora of sample types. The growing number of biomarkers for infection, autoimmunity, and cancer allow for increasingly early detection, to identification of novel drug targets, to prognostic indicators of disease outcome. However, more and more studies are finding that a single cytokine or growth factor is insufficient as a true disease biomarker and that a more global perspective is needed to understand true disease biology. Such a broad view requires a multiplexed platform for chemical detection, and antibody arrays meet and exceed this need by performing this detection in a high-throughput fashion. Herein, we will discuss how antibody arrays have evolved, and how they have helped direct new drug target design, helped identify therapeutic disease markers, and helped in earlier disease detection. From asthma to renal disease, and neurological dysfunction to immunologic disorders, antibody arrays afford a bright future for new biomarkers discovery.
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37
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Frampton JP. Liquid-in-liquid antibody confinement provides new possibilities for multiplexed diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:445-7. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1005607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Xing C, Liu L, Song S, Feng M, Kuang H, Xu C. Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay for the simultaneous detection of five chemicals in drinking water. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:445-53. [PMID: 25499659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the development of a multicomponent lateral-flow assay based on an antibody-antigen reaction for the rapid and simultaneous detection of trace contaminants in water, including a heavy metal, algal toxin, antibiotic, hormone, and pesticide. The representative analytes chosen for the study were lead (Pb(II), microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), chloramphenicol (CAP), testosterone (T), and chlorothalonil (CTN). Five different antigens were immobilized separately in five test lines on a nitrocellulose membrane. The monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized the corresponding antigens, and there was no cross-reactivity between the antibodies in the detection assay. Samples or standards containing the five analytes were preincubated with the freeze-dried colloidal-gold-labeled monoclonal antibody conjugates to improve the sensitivity of the assay. The results were obtained within 20min with a paper-based sensor. The cut-off values for the strip test were 4ng/mL for Pb(II), 1ng/mL for MC-LR, 0.1ng/mL for CAP, 5ng/mL for T, and 5ng/mL for CTN. The assay was evaluated using spiked water samples, and the accuracy and reproducibility of the results were good. In summary, this lateral-flow device provides an effective and rapid method for the onsite detection of multiple contaminants in water samples, with no treatment or devices required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrui Xing
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, PR China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, PR China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, PR China
| | - Min Feng
- Huaian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Huaian 223001, PR China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, PR China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, JiangSu 214122, PR China
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39
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Frampton JP, Tsuei M, White JB, Abraham AT, Takayama S. Aqueous two-phase system-mediated antibody micropatterning enables multiplexed immunostaining of cell monolayers and tissues. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:121-5. [PMID: 25046484 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conventional immunostaining methods consume large quantities of expensive antibodies and are limited in terms of the number of antigens that can be detected from a single sample. In order to achieve multiplexed immunostaining, we micropatterned antibodies using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran. Multiple antigens can be detected on a single fixed sample by incorporating antibodies within dextran solutions, which are then patterned by micropipetting at specific sites on the sample in a solution of PEG. The antibodies are retained within the dextran phase due to biomolecular partitioning, allowing multiple protein markers to be visualized simultaneously by way of chromogenic, chemiluminescent, or immunofluorescent detection. This aqueous two-phase system-mediated antibody micropatterning approach allows antibody dilutions to be easily optimized, reduces the consumption of expensive primary antibodies and can prevent antibody cross-reactions, since the antibodies are retained at separate sites within the dextran microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Frampton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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40
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Simon AB, Frampton JP, Huang NT, Kurabayashi K, Paczesny S, Takayama S. Aqueous two-phase systems enable multiplexing of homogeneous immunoassays. TECHNOLOGY 2014; 2:176. [PMID: 25083509 PMCID: PMC4114222 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547814500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of protein biomarkers is critical for biomarker validation and early disease detection. Current multiplex immunoassays are time consuming costly and can suffer from low accuracy. For example, multiplex ELISAs require multiple, tedious, washing and blocking steps. Moreover, they suffer from nonspecific antibody cross-reactions, leading to high background and false-positive signals. Here, we show that co-localizing antibody-bead pairs in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) enables multiplexing of sensitive, no-wash, homogeneous assays, while preventing nonspecific antibody cross-reactions. Our cross-reaction-free, multiplex assay can simultaneously detect picomolar concentrations of four protein biomarkers ((C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), CXCL9, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6) in cell supernatants using a single assay well. The potential clinical utility of the assay is demonstrated by detecting diagnostic biomarkers (CXCL10 and CXCL9) in plasma from 88 patients at the onset of the clinical symptoms of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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