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Feng W, Wang L, Liu CJ, Zhang C. Skin characterization of diabetes mellitus revealed by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:036003. [PMID: 38481479 PMCID: PMC10933388 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.3.036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Significance Diabetes can lead to the glycation of proteins and dysfunction of skin collagen. Skin lesions are a prevalent clinical symptom of diabetes mellitus (DM). Early diagnosis and assessing the efficacy of treatment for DM are crucial for patient health management. However, performing a non-invasive skin assessment in the early stages of DM is challenging. Aim By using the polarization-sensitive optical coherent tomography (PS-OCT) imaging technique, it is possible to noninvasively assess the skin changes caused by diabetes. Approach The PS-OCT was used to monitor the polarization characteristics of mouse skin at different stages of diabetes. Results Based on a multi-layered adhesive tape model, we found that the polarization characteristics (retardation, optic axis, and polarization uniformity) were sensitive to the microstructure changes in the samples. Through this method, we observed significant changes in the polarization states of the skin as diabetes progressed. This was in line with the detected microstructure changes in skin collagen fibers using scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions This study presents a highly useful approach for non-invasive skin assessment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lisi Wang
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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2
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Zhou X, Ma L, Mubarak HK, Palsgrove D, Sumer BD, Chen AY, Fei B. Polarized hyperspectral microscopic imaging system for enhancing the visualization of collagen fibers and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:016005. [PMID: 38239390 PMCID: PMC10795499 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.016005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Significance Polarized hyperspectral microscopes with the capability of full Stokes vector imaging have potential for many biological and medical applications. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate polarized hyperspectral imaging (PHSI) for improving the visualization of collagen fibers, which is an important biomarker related to tumor development, and improving the differentiation of normal and tumor cells on pathologic slides. Approach We customized a polarized hyperspectral microscopic imaging system comprising an upright microscope with a motorized stage, two linear polarizers, two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs), and a compact SnapScan hyperspectral camera. The polarizers and LCVRs worked in tandem with the hyperspectral camera to acquire polarized hyperspectral images, which were further used to calculate four Stokes vectors: S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 3 . Synthetic RGB images of the Stokes vectors were generated for the visualization of cellular components in PHSI images. Regions of interest of collagen, normal cells, and tumor cells in the synthetic RGB images were selected, and spectral signatures of the selected components were extracted for comparison. Specifically, we qualitatively and quantitatively investigated the enhanced visualization and spectral characteristics of dense fibers and sparse fibers in normal stroma tissue, fibers accumulated within tumors, and fibers accumulated around tumors. Results By employing our customized polarized hyperspectral microscope, we extract the spectral signatures of Stokes vector parameters of collagen as well as of tumor and normal cells. The measurement of Stokes vector parameters increased the image contrast of collagen fibers and cells in the slides. Conclusions With the spatial and spectral information from the Stokes vector data cubes (S 0 , S 1 , S 2 , and S 3 ), our PHSI microscope system enhances the visualization of tumor cells and tumor microenvironment components, thus being beneficial for pathology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhou
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Ling Ma
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Hasan K. Mubarak
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Doreen Palsgrove
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Baran D. Sumer
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Amy Y. Chen
- Emory University, Department of Otolaryngology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Baowei Fei
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Dallas, Texas, United States
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3
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Minakawa M, Wares MA, Nakano K, Haneishi H, Aizu Y, Hayasaki Y, Ikeda T, Nagahara H, Nishidate I. Measuring and imaging of transcutaneous bilirubin, hemoglobin, and melanin based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:107001. [PMID: 37915398 PMCID: PMC10616887 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.10.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance Evaluation of biological chromophore levels is useful for detection of various skin diseases, including cancer, monitoring of health status and tissue metabolism, and assessment of clinical and physiological vascular functions. Clinically, it is useful to assess multiple different chromophores in vivo with a single technique or instrument. Aim To investigate the possibility of estimating the concentration of four chromophores, bilirubin, oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and melanin from diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible region. Approach A new diffuse reflectance spectroscopic method based on the multiple regression analysis aided by Monte Carlo simulations for light transport was developed to quantify bilirubin, oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and melanin. Three different experimental animal models were used to induce hyperbilirubinemia, hypoxemia, and melanogenesis in rats. Results The estimated bilirubin concentration increased after ligation of the bile duct and reached around 18 mg / dl at 50 h after the onset of ligation, which corresponds to the reference value of bilirubin measured by a commercially available transcutaneous bilirubin meter. The concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin and that of deoxygenated hemoglobin decreased and increased, respectively, as the fraction of inspired oxygen decreased. Consequently, the tissue oxygen saturation dramatically decreased. The time course of melanin concentration after depilation of skin on the back of rats was indicative of the supply of melanosomes produced by melanocytes of hair follicles to the growing hair shaft. Conclusions The results of our study showed that the proposed method is capable of the in vivo evaluation of percutaneous bilirubin level, skin hemodynamics, and melanogenesis in rats, and that it has potential as a tool for the diagnosis and management of hyperbilirubinemia, hypoxemia, and pigmented skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minakawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Abdul Wares
- Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuya Nakano
- Seikei University, Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Aizu
- Muroran Institute of Technology, College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayasaki
- Utsunomiya University, Center for Optical Research and Education, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ikeda
- Fukuoka Dental College, Section of General Surgery, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hajime Nagahara
- Osaka University, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Dai M, Wang C, Qiang B, Jin Y, Ye M, Wang F, Sun F, Zhang X, Luo Y, Wang QJ. Long-wave infrared photothermoelectric detectors with ultrahigh polarization sensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3421. [PMID: 37296149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Filter-free miniaturized polarization-sensitive photodetectors have important applications in the next-generation on-chip polarimeters. However, their polarization sensitivity is thus far limited by the intrinsic low diattenuation and inefficient photon-to-electron conversion. Here, we implement experimentally a miniaturized detector based on one-dimensional tellurium nanoribbon, which can significantly improve the photothermoelectric responses by translating the polarization-sensitive absorption into a large temperature gradient together with the finite-size effect of a perfect plasmonic absorber. Our devices exhibit a zero-bias responsivity of 410 V/W and an ultrahigh polarization ratio (2.5 × 104), as well as a peak polarization angle sensitivity of 7.10 V/W•degree, which is one order of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. Full linear polarimetry detection is also achieved with the proposed device in a simple geometrical configuration. Polarization-coded communication and optical strain measurement are demonstrated showing the great potential of the proposed devices. Our work presents a feasible solution for miniaturized room-temperature infrared photodetectors with ultrahigh polarization sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Qiang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuran Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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5
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Rodríguez C, Estévez I, González-Arnay E, Campos J, Lizana A. Optimizing the classification of biological tissues using machine learning models based on polarized data. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200308. [PMID: 36519499 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polarimetric data is nowadays used to build recognition models for the characterization of organic tissues or the early detection of some diseases. Different Mueller matrix-derived polarimetric observables, which allow a physical interpretation of a specific characteristic of samples, are proposed in literature to feed the required recognition algorithms. However, they are obtained through mathematical transformations of the Mueller matrix and this process may loss relevant sample information in search of physical interpretation. In this work, we present a thorough comparative between 12 classification models based on different polarimetric datasets to find the ideal polarimetric framework to construct tissues classification models. The study is conducted on the experimental Mueller matrices images measured on different tissues: muscle, tendon, myotendinous junction and bone; from a collection of 165 ex-vivo chicken thighs. Three polarimetric datasets are analyzed: (A) a selection of most representative metrics presented in literature; (B) Mueller matrix elements; and (C) the combination of (A) and (B) sets. Results highlight the importance of using raw Mueller matrix elements for the design of classification models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodríguez
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Irene Estévez
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre of Physics, Department of Physics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emilio González-Arnay
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Campos
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Lizana
- Optics Group, Physics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Marois M, Olson JD, Wirth DJ, Elliott JT, Fan X, Davis SC, Paulsen KD, Roberts DW. A birefringent spectral demultiplexer enables fast hyper-spectral imaging of protoporphyrin IX during neurosurgery. Commun Biol 2023; 6:341. [PMID: 36991092 PMCID: PMC10060426 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging and spectral analysis quantifies fluorophore concentration during fluorescence-guided surgery1-6. However, acquisition of the multiple wavelengths required to implement these methods can be time-consuming and hinder surgical workflow. To this end, a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system capable of acquiring 64 channels of spectral data simultaneously was developed for rapid hyperspectral imaging during neurosurgery. The system uses a birefringent spectral demultiplexer to split incoming light and redirect wavelengths to different sections of a large format microscope sensor. Its configuration achieves high optical throughput, accepts unpolarized input light and exceeds channel count of prior image-replicating imaging spectrometers by 4-fold. Tissue-simulating phantoms consisting of serial dilutions of the fluorescent agent characterize system linearity and sensitivity, and comparisons to performance of a liquid crystal tunable filter based hyperspectral imaging device are favorable. The new instrument showed comparable, if not improved, sensitivity at low fluorophore concentrations; yet, acquired wide-field images at more than 70-fold increase in frame rate. Image data acquired in the operating room during human brain tumor resection confirm these findings. The new device is an important advance in achieving real-time quantitative imaging of fluorophore concentration for guiding surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Marois
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Olson
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Dennis J Wirth
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan T Elliott
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth-Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Xiaoyao Fan
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Scott C Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Keith D Paulsen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - David W Roberts
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Dartmouth-Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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7
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Zhou X, Mubarak HK, Ma L, Palsgrove D, Sumer BD, Fei B. Polarized hyperspectral microscopic imaging for collagen visualization on pathologic slides of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 12382:1238204. [PMID: 38481487 PMCID: PMC10932728 DOI: 10.1117/12.2655831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We developed a polarized hyperspectral microscope to collect four types of Stokes vector data cubes (S0, S1, S2, and S3) of the pathologic slides with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our system consists of an optical light microscope with a movable stage, two polarizers, two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs), and a SnapScan hyperspectral camera. The polarizers and LCVRs work in tandem with the hyperspectral camera to acquire polarized hyperspectral images. Synthetic pseudo-RGB images are generated from the four Stokes vector data cubes based on a transformation function similar to the spectral response of human eye for the visualization of hyperspectral images. Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the human body. A major focus of studying the ECM in tumor microenvironment is the role of collagen in both normal and abnormal function. Collagen tends to accumulate in and around tumors during cancer development and growth. In this study, we acquired images from normal regions containing normal cells and collagen fibers and from tumor regions containing cancerous squamous cells and collagen fibers on HNSCC pathologic slides. The preliminary results demonstrated that our customized polarized hyperspectral microscope is able to improve the visualization of collagen on HNSCC pathologic slides under different situations, including thick fibers of normal stroma, thin fibers of normal stroma, fibers of normal muscle cells, fibers accumulated in tumors, fibers accumulated around tumors. Our preliminary results also demonstrated that the customized polarized hyperspectral microscope is capable of extracting the spectral signatures of collagen based on Stokes vector parameters and can have various applications in pathology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhou
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Hasan K. Mubarak
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Ling Ma
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Doreen Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Baran D. Sumer
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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8
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Urban BE, Subhash HM, Kilpatrick-Liverman L. Measuring changes in blood volume fraction during induced gingivitis of healthy and unhealthy populations using hyperspectral spatial frequency domain imaging: a clinical study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18357. [PMID: 36319677 PMCID: PMC9626635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to quantitatively measure the changes in inflammation of subjects with healthy and unhealthy gums during a period of induced gingivitis. A total of 30 subjects (15 healthy, 15 with gum inflammation) were enlisted and given oral exams by a dental hygienist. Baseline measurements were acquired before a 3-week period of oral hygiene abstinence. The lobene modified gingival index scoring was used for inflammation scoring and hyperspectral spatial frequency domain imaging was used to quantitatively measure oxy- and deoxygenated blood volume fraction at two time points: at Baseline and after 3 weeks of oral hygiene abstinence. We found that abstaining from oral hygiene causes a near proportional increase in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood volume fraction for healthy individuals. For individuals who started the study with mild to moderate gingivitis, increases in blood volume were mainly due to deoxygenated blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben E. Urban
- grid.418753.c0000 0004 4685 452XGlobal Technology and Design Center, Colgate Palmolive Technology Center Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Hrebesh M. Subhash
- grid.418753.c0000 0004 4685 452XGlobal Technology and Design Center, Colgate Palmolive Technology Center Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - LaTonya Kilpatrick-Liverman
- grid.418753.c0000 0004 4685 452XGlobal Technology and Design Center, Colgate Palmolive Technology Center Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Aloupogianni E, Ishikawa M, Kobayashi N, Obi T. Hyperspectral and multispectral image processing for gross-level tumor detection in skin lesions: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220029VR. [PMID: 35676751 PMCID: PMC9174598 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. In the advent of medical digitization and telepathology, hyper/multispectral imaging (HMSI) allows for noninvasive, nonionizing tissue evaluation at a macroscopic level. AIM We aim to summarize proposed frameworks and recent trends in HMSI-based classification and segmentation of gross-level skin tissue. APPROACH A systematic review was performed, targeting HMSI-based systems for the classification and segmentation of skin lesions during gross pathology, including melanoma, pigmented lesions, and bruises. The review adhered to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. For eligible reports published from 2010 to 2020, trends in HMSI acquisition, preprocessing, and analysis were identified. RESULTS HMSI-based frameworks for skin tissue classification and segmentation vary greatly. Most reports implemented simple image processing or machine learning, due to small training datasets. Methodologies were evaluated on heavily curated datasets, with the majority targeting melanoma detection. The choice of preprocessing scheme influenced the performance of the system. Some form of dimension reduction is commonly applied to avoid redundancies that are inherent in HMSI systems. CONCLUSIONS To use HMSI for tumor margin detection in practice, the focus of system evaluation should shift toward the explainability and robustness of the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Aloupogianni
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Address all correspondence to Eleni Aloupogianni,
| | - Masahiro Ishikawa
- Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Saitama Medical University, Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Obi
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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10
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Weigelt MA, Lev-Tov HA, Tomic-Canic M, Lee WD, Williams R, Strasfeld D, Kirsner RS, Herman IM. Advanced Wound Diagnostics: Toward Transforming Wound Care into Precision Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:330-359. [PMID: 34128387 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are an ever-growing global pandemic, with mortality rates and management costs exceeding many common cancers. Although our understanding of the molecular and cellular factors driving wound healing continues to grow, standards for diagnosing and evaluating wounds remain largely subjective and experiential, whereas therapeutic strategies fail to consistently achieve closure and clinicians are challenged to deliver individualized care protocols. There is a need to apply precision medicine practices to wound care by developing evidence-based approaches, which are predictive, prescriptive, and personalized. Recent Advances: Recent developments in "advanced" wound diagnostics, namely biomarkers (proteases, acute phase reactants, volatile emissions, and more) and imaging systems (ultrasound, autofluorescence, spectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography), have begun to revolutionize our understanding of the molecular wound landscape and usher in a modern age of therapeutic strategies. Herein, biomarkers and imaging systems with the greatest evidence to support their potential clinical utility are reviewed. Critical Issues: Although many potential biomarkers have been identified and several imaging systems have been or are being developed, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to elucidate the currently questionable role that these tools are playing in altering healing dynamics or predicting wound closure within the clinical setting. Future Directions: The literature supports the need for the development of effective point-of-care wound assessment tools, such as a platform diagnostic array that is capable of measuring multiple biomarkers at once. These, along with advances in telemedicine, synthetic biology, and "smart" wearables, will pave the way for the transformation of wound care into a precision medicine. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03148977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Weigelt
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hadar A. Lev-Tov
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W. David Lee
- Precision Healing, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ira M. Herman
- Precision Healing, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Zhou X, Ma L, Mubarak HK, Little JV, Chen AY, Myers LL, Sumer BD, Fei B. Automatic detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on pathologic slides using polarized hyperspectral imaging and deep learning. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 12039:120390G. [PMID: 36798940 PMCID: PMC9930132 DOI: 10.1117/12.2614624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study is to incorporate polarized hyperspectral imaging (PHSI) with deep learning for automatic detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue slides. A polarized hyperspectral imaging microscope had been developed in our group. In this paper, we firstly collected the Stokes vector data cubes (S0, S1, S2, and S3) of histologic slides from 17 patients with SCC by the PHSI microscope, under the wavelength range from 467 nm to 750 nm. Secondly, we generated the synthetic RGB images from the original Stokes vector data cubes. Thirdly, we cropped the synthetic RGB images into image patches at the image size of 96×96 pixels, and then set up a ResNet50-based convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the image patches of the four Stokes vector parameters (S0, S1, S2, and S3) by application of transfer learning. To test the performances of the model, each time we trained the model based on the image patches (S0, S1, S2, and S3) of 16 patients out of 17 patients, and used the trained model to calculate the testing accuracy based on the image patches of the rest 1 patient (S0, S1, S2, and S3). We repeated the process for 6 times and obtained 24 testing accuracies (S0, S1, S2, and S3) from 6 different patients out of the 17 patients. The preliminary results showed that the average testing accuracy (84.2%) on S3 outperformed the average testing accuracy (83.5%) on S0. Furthermore, 4 of 6 testing accuracies of S3 (96.0%, 87.3%, 82.8%, and 86.7%) outperformed the testing accuracies of S0 (93.3%, 85.2%, 80.2%, and 79.0%). The study demonstrated the potential of using polarized hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for automatic detection of head and neck SCC on pathologic slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhou
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Ling Ma
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Hasan K Mubarak
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - James V. Little
- Emory University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy Y. Chen
- Emory University, Department of Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Larry L. Myers
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of Otolaryngology, Dallas, TX
| | - Baran D. Sumer
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of Otolaryngology, Dallas, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Dallas, TX
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of Radiology, Dallas, TX
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12
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Farkas DL. Biomedical Applications of Translational Optical Imaging: From Molecules to Humans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216651. [PMID: 34771060 PMCID: PMC8587670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a powerful investigational tool in biomedicine, at all levels of structural organization. Its multitude of features (intensity, wavelength, polarization, interference, coherence, timing, non-linear absorption, and even interactions with itself) able to create contrast, and thus images that detail the makeup and functioning of the living state can and should be combined for maximum effect, especially if one seeks simultaneously high spatiotemporal resolution and discrimination ability within a living organism. The resulting high relevance should be directed towards a better understanding, detection of abnormalities, and ultimately cogent, precise, and effective intervention. The new optical methods and their combinations needed to address modern surgery in the operating room of the future, and major diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are reviewed here, with emphasis on our own work and highlighting selected applications focusing on quantitation, early detection, treatment assessment, and clinical relevance, and more generally matching the quality of the optical detection approach to the complexity of the disease. This should provide guidance for future advanced theranostics, emphasizing a tighter coupling-spatially and temporally-between detection, diagnosis, and treatment, in the hope that technologic sophistication such as that of a Mars rover can be translationally deployed in the clinic, for saving and improving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Farkas
- PhotoNanoscopy and Acceleritas Corporations, 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Sherman Oaks, CA 91423, USA; ; Tel.: +1-310-600-7102
- Clinical Photonics Corporation, 8591 Skyline Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90046, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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13
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Altaqui A, Sen P, Schrickx H, Rech J, Lee JW, Escuti M, You W, Kim BJ, Kolbas R, O'Connor BT, Kudenov M. Mantis shrimp-inspired organic photodetector for simultaneous hyperspectral and polarimetric imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe3196. [PMID: 33658196 PMCID: PMC7929508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Combining hyperspectral and polarimetric imaging provides a powerful sensing modality with broad applications from astronomy to biology. Existing methods rely on temporal data acquisition or snapshot imaging of spatially separated detectors. These approaches incur fundamental artifacts that degrade imaging performance. To overcome these limitations, we present a stomatopod-inspired sensor capable of snapshot hyperspectral and polarization sensing in a single pixel. The design consists of stacking polarization-sensitive organic photovoltaics (P-OPVs) and polymer retarders. Multiple spectral and polarization channels are obtained by exploiting the P-OPVs' anisotropic response and the retarders' dispersion. We show that the design can sense 15 spectral channels over a 350-nanometer bandwidth. A detector is also experimentally demonstrated, which simultaneously registers four spectral channels and three polarization channels. The sensor showcases the myriad degrees of freedom offered by organic semiconductors that are not available in inorganics and heralds a fundamentally unexplored route for simultaneous spectral and polarimetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Altaqui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Harry Schrickx
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jeromy Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Escuti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Kolbas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Michael Kudenov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2410 Campus Shore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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14
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Zhou X, Ma L, Brown W, Little JV, Chen AY, Myers LL, Sumer BD, Fei B. Automatic detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on pathologic slides using polarized hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 11603:116030Q. [PMID: 34955584 PMCID: PMC8699168 DOI: 10.1117/12.2582330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to incorporate polarized hyperspectral imaging (PHSI) with machine learning for automatic detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue slides. A polarized hyperspectral imaging microscope had been developed in our group. In this paper, we imaged 20 H&E stained tissue slides from 10 patients with SCC of the larynx by the PHSI microscope. Several machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest, Gaussian naive Bayes, and logistic regression, were applied to the collected image data for the automatic detection of SCC on the H&E stained tissue slides. The performance of these methods was compared among the collected PHSI data, the pseudo-RGB images generated from the PHSI data, and the PHSI data after applying the principal component analysis (PCA) transformation. The results suggest that SVM is a superior classifier for the classification task based on the PHSI data cubes compared to the other three classifiers. The incorporate of four Stokes vector parameters improved the classification accuracy. Finally, the PCA transformed image data did not improve the accuracy as it might lose some important information from the original PHSI data. The preliminary results show that polarized hyperspectral imaging can have many potential applications in digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhou
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering and Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, TX
| | - Ling Ma
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering and Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, TX
| | - William Brown
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering and Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, TX
| | - James V. Little
- Emory University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy Y. Chen
- Emory University, Department of Otolaryngology, Atlanta,
GA
| | - Larry L. Myers
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of
Otolaryngology, Dallas, TX
| | - Baran D. Sumer
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of
Otolaryngology, Dallas, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering and Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Richardson, TX
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Advanced
Imaging Research Center, Dallas, TX
- Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of
Radiology, Dallas, TX
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15
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Uthoff RD, Song B, Maarouf M, Shi V, Liang R. Point-of-care, multispectral, smartphone-based dermascopes for dermal lesion screening and erythema monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-21. [PMID: 32578406 PMCID: PMC7309634 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer are rising across the globe. Due to a shortage of board-certified dermatologists, the burden of dermal lesion screening and erythema monitoring has fallen to primary care physicians (PCPs). An adjunctive device for lesion screening and erythema monitoring would be beneficial because PCPs are not typically extensively trained in dermatological care. AIM We aim to examine the feasibility of using a smartphone-camera-based dermascope and a USB-camera-based dermascope utilizing polarized white-light imaging (PWLI) and polarized multispectral imaging (PMSI) to map dermal chromophores and erythema. APPROACH Two dermascopes integrating LED-based PWLI and PMSI with both a smartphone-based camera and a USB-connected camera were developed to capture images of dermal lesions and erythema. Image processing algorithms were implemented to provide chromophore concentrations and redness measures. RESULTS PWLI images were successfully converted to an alternate colorspace for erythema measures, and the spectral bandwidth of the PMSI LED illumination was sufficient for mapping of deoxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and melanin chromophores. Both types of dermascopes were able to achieve similar relative concentration results. CONCLUSION Chromophore mapping and erythema monitoring are feasible with PWLI and PMSI using LED illumination and smartphone-based cameras. These systems can provide a simpler, more portable geometry and reduce device costs compared with interference-filter-based or spectrometer-based clinical-grade systems. Future research should include a rigorous clinical trial to collect longitudinal data and a large enough dataset to train and implement a machine learning-based image classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Uthoff
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Bofan Song
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Melody Maarouf
- The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Vivian Shi
- The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Rongguang Liang
- The University of Arizona, James C. Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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16
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Borovkova M, Bykov A, Popov A, Meglinski I. Role of scattering and birefringence in phase retardation revealed by locus of Stokes vector on Poincaré sphere. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 32436372 PMCID: PMC7238295 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.5.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Biological tissues are typically characterized by high anisotropic scattering and may also exhibit linear form birefringence. Both scattering and birefringence bias the phase shift between transverse electric field components of polarized light. These phase alterations are associated with particular structural malformations in the tissue. In fact, the majority of polarization-based techniques are unable to distinguish the nature of the phase shift induced by birefringence or scattering of light. AIM We explore the distinct contributions of scattering and birefringence in the phase retardation of circularly polarized light propagated in turbid tissue-like scattering medium. APPROACH The circularly polarized light in frame of Stokes polarimetry approach is used for the screening of biotissue phantoms and chicken skin samples. The change of optical properties in chicken skin is accomplished by optical clearing, which reduces scattering, and mechanical stretch, which induces birefringence. The change of optical properties of skin tissue is confirmed by spectrophotometric measurements and second-harmonic generation imaging. RESULTS The contributions of scattering and birefringence in the phase retardation of circularly polarized light propagated in biological tissues are distinguished by the locus of the Stokes vector mapped on the Poincaré sphere. The phase retardation of circularly polarized light due to scattering alterations is assessed. The value of birefringence in chicken skin is estimated as 0.3 × 10-3, which agrees with alternative studies. The change of birefringence of skin tissue due to mechanical stretch in the order of 10-6 is detected. CONCLUSIONS While the polarimetric parameters on their own do not allow distinguishing the contributions of scattering and birefringence, the resultant Stokes vector trajectory on the Poincaré sphere reveals the role of scattering and birefringence in the total phase retardation. The described approach, applied independently or in combination with Mueller polarimetry, can be beneficial for the advanced characterization of various types of malformations within biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Borovkova
- University of Oulu, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
- Address all correspondence to Mariia Borovkova, E-mail: ; Igor Meglinski, E-mail:
| | - Alexander Bykov
- University of Oulu, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexey Popov
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - Igor Meglinski
- University of Oulu, Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
- National Research Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), Moscow, Russia
- Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Mariia Borovkova, E-mail: ; Igor Meglinski, E-mail:
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17
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Nishidate I, Minakawa M, McDuff D, Wares MDA, Nakano K, Haneishi H, Aizu Y, Niizeki K. Simple and affordable imaging of multiple physiological parameters with RGB camera-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1073-1091. [PMID: 32133238 PMCID: PMC7041446 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple and affordable imaging technique to evaluate transcutaneously multiple physiological parameters by using a digital red-green-blue camera. In this method, the RGB-values were converted into tristimulus values in the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) XYZ color space, which is compatible with the common color spaces. Monte Carlo simulation for light transport in biological tissue was then performed to specify the relationship among the XYZ-values and the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, bilirubin, and melanin. The concentration of total hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation were also calculated from the estimated concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. In vivo experiments with bile duct ligation in rats demonstrated that the estimated bilirubin concentration increased after ligation of the bile duct and reached around 22 mg/dl at 116 h after the onset of ligation, which corresponds to the ground truth value of bilirubin measured by a commercially available transcutaneous bilirubinometer. Experiments with rats while varying the fraction of inspired oxygen demonstrated that oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin decreased and increased, respectively, as the fraction of inspired oxygen decreased. Consequently, tissue oxygen saturation dramatically decreased. We further extended the method to a non-contact imaging photo-plethysmograph and estimation of the percutaneous oxygen saturation. An empirical formula to estimate percutaneous oxygen saturation was derived from the pulse wave amplitudes of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. The estimated percutaneous oxygen saturation dropped remarkably when a faction of inspired oxygen was below 19%, indicating the onset of hypoxemia due to hypoxia, whereas the tissue oxygen saturation decreased gradually according to the reduction of the faction of inspired oxygen. The results in this study indicate the potential of this method for imaging of multiple physiological parameters in skin tissue and evaluating an optical biomedical imaging technique that enables cost-effective, easy-to-use, portable, remotely administered, and/or point-of-care solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications & Systems Engineering, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masashi Minakawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications & Systems Engineering, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daniel McDuff
- Microsoft Research, 4820 NE 36th Street, Building 99, Redmond, Washington 98052, USA
| | - MD. Abdul Wares
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications & Systems Engineering, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
- Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Department of Livestock Services, Khamar Bari Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuya Nakano
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Aizu
- Muroran Institute of Technology, College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Kyuichi Niizeki
- Yamagata University, Graduate School of Bio-System Engineering, Jonan, Yonezawa-shi, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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Zhou X, Ma L, Halicek M, Dormer J, Fei B. Development of a new polarized hyperspectral imaging microscope. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11213:1121308. [PMID: 32577044 PMCID: PMC7309561 DOI: 10.1117/12.2549676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed and designed a transmission mode polarized hyperspectral imaging microscope (PHSIM). The hyperspectral imaging (HSI) component is based on the snapscan with a hyperspectral camera. The HSI wavelength range is from 467-700 nm. Polarized light imaging is realized by the integration of two polarizers and two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR), which is capable of full Stokes polarimetric imaging. The new imaging device was tested for the detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in H&E stained oral tissue slides of 8 patients. One normal area and one cancerous area on each slide are selected to make the comparison. The preliminary results indicated that the spectral curves of the Stokes vector parameters (S0, S1, S2, S3) of the normal area on the H&E stained oral tissue slides are different from those of SCC in certain wavelength range. Further work is required to apply the new polarized hyperspectral imaging microscope to a large number of patient samples and to test the PHSIM system in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhou
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Ling Ma
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Martin Halicek
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - James Dormer
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Bioengineering, Richardson, TX
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Dallas, TX
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19
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He Q, Wang RK. Analysis of skin morphological features and real-time monitoring using snapshot hyperspectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5625-5638. [PMID: 31799035 PMCID: PMC6865098 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system and methods for skin morphological feature analysis and real-time monitoring of skin activities. The analysis method includes a strategy using weighted subtractions between sub-channel images to extract absorption information due to specific chromophores within skin tissue, for example hemoglobin and melanin. Based on morphological analysis results, we carry out real-time monitoring of the skin features to verify the ability of this method to provide temporal responses of the skin tissue activities, which is experimentally shown to be useful in the measurement of heartrate, monitoring of the tissue recovery after a body exercise, and studying of the tissue response due to a vascular occlusion. Compared to conventional multispectral imaging system, the proposed system improves the device simplicity and is immune to motion artifacts. Coupled with the extraction algorithms, the hyperspectral imaging promises a robust skin assessment tool with abilities for qualitative visualization and potentially quantitative analysis of skin features, useful in the applications of cosmetics and clinical dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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20
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Ding H, Chen C, Zhao H, Yue Y, Han C. Smartphone based multispectral imager and its potential for point-of-care testing. Analyst 2019; 144:4380-4385. [PMID: 31206108 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00853e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a smartphone based multispectral imager (MSI), a promising tool for point-of-care (POC) testing, which utilizes a bio-inspired MSI chip to capture both the spectral and spatial information of a target simultaneously. As the key component for compact MSI, the proposed MSI chip mimics the structure of an insect compound-eye, wherein each sub-eye responds to a specific spectral band. This could allow a smartphone to be transformed into an MSI device that could acquire a snap-shot spectral image in a single exposure. An orthogonal polarization imaging method is adopted, to boost the capability of the smartphone MSI for chemical analysis. The feasibility and application potential of the proposed device are demonstrated non-invasively for skin lesion and dental plaque analysis. The experimental results are consistent with the physiological expectations, validating the ability of the smartphone MSI for multispectral image acquisition and further analytical determination. The chemical analysis capability, portability and cost-effectiveness of the smartphone MSI make it a promising analytical tool for POC testing, from chemical analysis to in vivo pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Haicheng Zhao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Yue
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Chunyang Han
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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21
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Yang W, Liao N, He S, Cheng H, Li H. Large-aperture UV (250~400 nm) imaging spectrometer based on a solid Sagnac interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:34503-34514. [PMID: 30650873 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing an ultraviolet (UV) imaging spectrometer is challenging due to a low level of incident power of photon flux, large chromatic aberration, and relatively low quantum efficiency of imaging sensor in UV waveband. In this paper, a large-aperture UV (250~400 nm) Fourier transform imaging spectrometer is presented for close-range hyperspectral sensing with high spatial resolution and decent spectral resolution. An advanced design based on a modified solid Sagnac interferometer working in UV waveband of 250~400 nm is introduced to improve the interferometric stability. A large-aperture and a reflective-transmissive filtering system are used to increase the spectral purity of the incident UV radiation, and air-spaced achromatic doublets are designed to address the chromatic aberration. The finished spectrometer has a spatial resolution of 23.44 μm on the target plane, a wavelengths resolution of 1.59 nm at 250 nm, and can provide approximately 59 wavelength samples over the waveband of 250~400 nm. The proposed imaging spectrometer acquires a hyperspectral data cube through push-broom scanning in a few minutes. Examples of UV hyperspectral imaging are demonstrated with a sample of resolution test chart, and a cotton sample with vitamin C (VC) and vitamin B6 (VB6) traces. Based on the analysis of spectra, monochromatic images, and k-Means clustering results, it can be concluded that the spectrometer is capable of UV hyperspectral imaging with excellent spectral accuracy, spatial performance, compactness, and robustness. The potential applications of the proposed instrument include materials analysis and traces detection with UV spectral characteristics.
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22
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A Comparative In Vivo Study on Three Treatment Approaches to Applying Topical Botulinum Toxin A for Crow's Feet. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6235742. [PMID: 30057908 PMCID: PMC6051279 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6235742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three treatment approaches to applying Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNTA) for crow's Feet. Methods Thirty female subjects with moderate-to-severe crow's feet were included in this comparative in vivo study. They were randomly divided into three groups, including the local intramuscular, intradermal microdroplet injection, and nanomicroneedle delivered with BoNTA therapy group. After one session, evaluations were done at the time points of weeks one, four, and twelve after the treatment. The assessments included subjective satisfaction, blinded clinical assessment, and the biophysical parameters (skin collagen content, elasticity, hydration, and sebum contents). Results For dynamic wrinkles, intramuscular injection and intradermal microdroplets injection were more effective than nanomicroneedles. For static wrinkles, nanomicroneedles and intradermal microdroplets injection were more effective. However, the intramuscular injection had no significant effect on static wrinkles. At one week and four weeks after the treatment, the skin elasticity, collagen content, and hydration of nanomicroneedle group and intradermal microdroplet group increased more significantly than those of the intramuscular injection group; at twelve weeks after the treatment, the skin elasticity, collagen content, and hydration of intradermal microdroplet group were higher than those of other two groups. However we observed no statistically significant difference in sebum content between the three groups before and after the treatment. Conclusion BoNTA delivered through nanomicroneedles and intradermal microdroplets injection can effectively treat crow's feet. This trial is registered with [2016]KY018-01, registered 16 Feb 2016.
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23
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Meinhardt-Wollweber M, Heratizadeh A, Basu C, Günther A, Schlangen S, Werfel T, Schacht V, Emmert S, Haenssle HA, Roth B. A non-contact remote digital dermoscope to support cancer screening and diagnosis of inflammatory skin disease. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa84d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Hyperspectral imaging using the single-pixel Fourier transform technique. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45209. [PMID: 28338100 PMCID: PMC5364546 DOI: 10.1038/srep45209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging technology is playing an increasingly important role in the fields of food analysis, medicine and biotechnology. To improve the speed of operation and increase the light throughput in a compact equipment structure, a Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging system based on a single-pixel technique is proposed in this study. Compared with current imaging spectrometry approaches, the proposed system has a wider spectral range (400–1100 nm), a better spectral resolution (1 nm) and requires fewer measurement data (a sample rate of 6.25%). The performance of this system was verified by its application to the non-destructive testing of potatoes.
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Kim S, Cho D, Kim J, Kim M, Youn S, Jang JE, Je M, Lee DH, Lee B, Farkas DL, Hwang JY. Smartphone-based multispectral imaging: system development and potential for mobile skin diagnosis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:5294-5307. [PMID: 28018743 PMCID: PMC5175570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the potential of mobile smartphone-based multispectral imaging for the quantitative diagnosis and management of skin lesions. Recently, various mobile devices such as a smartphone have emerged as healthcare tools. They have been applied for the early diagnosis of nonmalignant and malignant skin diseases. Particularly, when they are combined with an advanced optical imaging technique such as multispectral imaging and analysis, it would be beneficial for the early diagnosis of such skin diseases and for further quantitative prognosis monitoring after treatment at home. Thus, we demonstrate here the development of a smartphone-based multispectral imaging system with high portability and its potential for mobile skin diagnosis. The results suggest that smartphone-based multispectral imaging and analysis has great potential as a healthcare tool for quantitative mobile skin diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewoong Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Dongrae Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Manjae Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Sangyeon Youn
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Je
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Daniel L. Farkas
- Spectral Molecular Imaging, Inc., California 90211, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, California 90089, USA
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
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Vasefi F, MacKinnon N, Saager R, Kelly KM, Maly T, Booth N, Durkin AJ, Farkas DL. Separating melanin from hemodynamics in nevi using multimode hyperspectral dermoscopy and spatial frequency domain spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:114001. [PMID: 27830262 PMCID: PMC5103103 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the pattern and distribution of both melanocytes (pigment producing) and vasculature (hemoglobin containing) are important in distinguishing melanocytic proliferations. The ability to accurately measure melanin distribution at different depths and to distinguish it from hemoglobin is clearly important when assessing pigmented lesions (benign versus malignant). We have developed a multimode hyperspectral dermoscope (SkinSpect™) able to more accurately image both melanin and hemoglobin distribution in skin. SkinSpect uses both hyperspectral and polarization-sensitive measurements. SkinSpect’s higher accuracy has been obtained by correcting for the effect of melanin absorption on hemoglobin absorption in measurements of melanocytic nevi. In vivo human skin pigmented nevi (N=20) were evaluated with the SkinSpect, and measured melanin and hemoglobin concentrations were compared with spatial frequency domain spectroscopy (SFDS) measurements. We confirm that both systems show low correlation of hemoglobin concentrations with regions containing different melanin concentrations (R=0.13 for SFDS, R=0.07 for SkinSpect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fartash Vasefi
- Spectral Molecular Imaging Inc., 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 250, Sherman Oaks, California 91423, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Fartash Vasefi, E-mail: ; Daniel L. Farkas, E-mail:
| | - Nicholas MacKinnon
- Spectral Molecular Imaging Inc., 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 250, Sherman Oaks, California 91423, United States
| | - Rolf Saager
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Tyler Maly
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Nicholas Booth
- Spectral Molecular Imaging Inc., 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 250, Sherman Oaks, California 91423, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Daniel L. Farkas
- Spectral Molecular Imaging Inc., 13412 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 250, Sherman Oaks, California 91423, United States
- University of Southern California, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Fartash Vasefi, E-mail: ; Daniel L. Farkas, E-mail:
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Rajadhyaksha M, Marghoob A, Rossi A, Halpern AC, Nehal KS. Reflectance confocal microscopy of skin in vivo: From bench to bedside. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:7-19. [PMID: 27785781 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following more than two decades of effort, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging of skin was granted codes for reimbursement by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dermatologists in the USA have started billing and receiving reimbursement for the imaging procedure and for the reading and interpretation of images. RCM imaging combined with dermoscopic examination is guiding the triage of lesions into those that appear benign, which are being spared from biopsy, against those that appear suspicious, which are then biopsied. Thus far, a few thousand patients have been spared from biopsy of benign lesions. The journey of RCM imaging from bench to bedside is certainly a success story, but still much more work lies ahead toward wider dissemination, acceptance, and adoption. We present a brief review of RCM imaging and highlight key challenges and opportunities. The success of RCM imaging paves the way for other emerging optical technologies, as well-and our bet for the future is on multimodal approaches. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:7-19, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ashfaq Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kishwer S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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28
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Greening GJ, Rajaram N, Muldoon TJ. Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805585 DOI: 10.3791/54564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent fiber-bundle microendoscopy techniques enable non-invasive analysis of in vivo tissue using either imaging techniques or a combination of spectroscopy techniques. Combining imaging and spectroscopy techniques into a single optical probe may provide a more complete analysis of tissue health. In this article, two dissimilar modalities are combined, high-resolution fluorescence microendoscopy imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, into a single optical probe. High-resolution fluorescence microendoscopy imaging is a technique used to visualize apical tissue micro-architecture and, although mostly a qualitative technique, has demonstrated effective real-time differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a technique which can extract tissue physiological parameters including local hemoglobin concentration, melanin concentration, and oxygen saturation. This article describes the specifications required to construct the fiber-optic probe, how to build the instrumentation, and then demonstrates the technique on in vivo human skin. This work revealed that tissue micro-architecture, specifically apical skin keratinocytes, can be co-registered with its associated physiological parameters. The instrumentation and fiber-bundle probe presented here can be optimized as either a handheld or endoscopically-compatible device for use in a variety of organ systems. Additional clinical research is needed to test the viability of this technique for different epithelial disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas;
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29
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Lal C, Leahy MJ. An Updated Review of Methods and Advancements in Microvascular Blood Flow Imaging. Microcirculation 2016; 23:345-63. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cerine Lal
- Department of Applied Physics; Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Martin J Leahy
- Department of Applied Physics; Tissue Optics and Microcirculation Imaging; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
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30
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Saager RB, Sharif A, Kelly KM, Durkin AJ. In vivo isolation of the effects of melanin from underlying hemodynamics across skin types using spatial frequency domain spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:57001. [PMID: 27143641 PMCID: PMC4890358 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin is a highly structured tissue, raising concerns as to whether skin pigmentation due to epidermal melanin may confound accurate measurements of underlying hemodynamics. Using both venous and arterial cuff occlusions as a means of inducing differential hemodynamic perturbations, we present analyses of spectra limited to the visible or near-infrared regime, in addition to a layered model approach. The influence of melanin, spanning Fitzpatrick skin types I to V, on underlying estimations of hemodynamics in skin as interpreted by these spectral regions are assessed. The layered model provides minimal cross-talk between melanin and hemodynamics and enables removal of problematic correlations between measured tissue oxygenation estimates and skin phototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B. Saager
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Rolf B. Saager, E-mail:
| | - Ata Sharif
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, 118 Medical Surge 1, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
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31
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Wu J, Xiong B, Lin X, He J, Suo J, Dai Q. Snapshot Hyperspectral Volumetric Microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24624. [PMID: 27103155 PMCID: PMC4840377 DOI: 10.1038/srep24624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of biological specimens brings about the demand for capturing the spatial, temporal and spectral dimensions of visual information together. However, such high-dimensional video acquisition faces major challenges in developing large data throughput and effective multiplexing techniques. Here, we report the snapshot hyperspectral volumetric microscopy that computationally reconstructs hyperspectral profiles for high-resolution volumes of ~1000 μm × 1000 μm × 500 μm at video rate by a novel four-dimensional (4D) deconvolution algorithm. We validated the proposed approach with both numerical simulations for quantitative evaluation and various real experimental results on the prototype system. Different applications such as biological component analysis in bright field and spectral unmixing of multiple fluorescence are demonstrated. The experiments on moving fluorescent beads and GFP labelled drosophila larvae indicate the great potential of our method for observing multiple fluorescent markers in dynamic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jijun He
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinli Suo
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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A four-dimensional snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope for bio-imaging applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24044. [PMID: 27044607 PMCID: PMC4820774 DOI: 10.1038/srep24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging has proven significance in bio-imaging applications and it has the ability to capture up to several hundred images of different wavelengths offering relevant spectral signatures. To use hyperspectral imaging for in vivo monitoring and diagnosis of the internal body cavities, a snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope is required. However, such reported systems provide only about 50 wavelengths. We have developed a four-dimensional snapshot hyperspectral video-endoscope with a spectral range of 400–1000 nm, which can detect 756 wavelengths for imaging, significantly more than such systems. Capturing the three-dimensional datacube sequentially gives the fourth dimension. All these are achieved through a flexible two-dimensional to one-dimensional fiber bundle. The potential of this custom designed and fabricated compact biomedical probe is demonstrated by imaging phantom tissue samples in reflectance and fluorescence imaging modalities. It is envisaged that this novel concept and developed probe will contribute significantly towards diagnostic in vivo biomedical imaging in the near future.
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33
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Basu C, Schlangen S, Meinhardt-Wollweber M, Roth B. Light source design for spectral tuning in biomedical imaging. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 2:044501. [PMID: 26839911 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.2.4.044501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an architecture with a remote phosphor-based modular and compact light-emitting diode (LED) light source in a noncontact dermoscope prototype for skin cancer screening. The spectrum and color temperature of the output light can easily and significantly be changed depending on spectral absorption characteristics of the tissues being imaged. The new system has several advantages compared to state-of-the-art phosphor converted ultrabright white LEDs, used in a wide range of medical imaging devices, which have a fixed spectrum and color temperature at a given operating point. In particular, the system can more easily be adapted to the requirements originating from different tissues in the human body, which have wavelength-dependent absorption and reflectivity. This leads to improved contrast for different kinds of imaged tissue components. The concept of such a lighting architecture can be vastly utilized in many other medical imaging devices including endoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajit Basu
- Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Strasse 17, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlangen
- Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Strasse 17, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Merve Meinhardt-Wollweber
- Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Strasse 17, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Nienburger Strasse 17, Hannover 30167, Germany
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34
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Koprowski R. Hyperspectral imaging in medicine: image pre-processing problems and solutions in Matlab. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:935-943. [PMID: 25676816 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents problems and solutions related to hyperspectral image pre-processing. New methods of preliminary image analysis are proposed. The paper shows problems occurring in Matlab when trying to analyse this type of images. Moreover, new methods are discussed which provide the source code in Matlab that can be used in practice without any licensing restrictions. The proposed application and sample result of hyperspectral image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koprowski
- Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, University of Silesia, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, Institute of Computer Science, ul. Będzińska 39, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland.
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35
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What's Wrong with the Murals at the Mogao Grottoes: A Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Method. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14371. [PMID: 26394926 PMCID: PMC4585823 DOI: 10.1038/srep14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a significant amount of work has been performed to preserve the ancient murals in the Mogao Grottoes by Dunhuang Cultural Research, non-contact methods need to be developed to effectively evaluate the degree of flaking of the murals. In this study, we propose to evaluate the flaking by automatically analyzing hyperspectral images that were scanned at the site. Murals with various degrees of flaking were scanned in the 126th cave using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral camera with a spectral range of approximately 900 to 1700 nm. The regions of interest (ROIs) of the murals were manually labeled and grouped into four levels: normal, slight, moderate, and severe. The average spectral data from each ROI and its group label were used to train our classification model. To predict the degree of flaking, we adopted four algorithms: deep belief networks (DBNs), partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component analysis with a support vector machine (PCA + SVM) and principal component analysis with an artificial neural network (PCA + ANN). The experimental results show the effectiveness of our method. In particular, better results are obtained using DBNs when the training data contain a significant amount of striping noise.
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36
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Alali S, Vitkin A. Polarized light imaging in biomedicine: emerging Mueller matrix methodologies for bulk tissue assessment. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:61104. [PMID: 25793658 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.6.061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polarized light point measurements and wide-field imaging have been studied for many years in an effort to develop accurate and information-rich tissue diagnostic methods. However, the extensive depolarization of polarized light in thick biological tissues has limited the success of these investigations. Recently, advances in technology and conceptual understanding have led to a significant resurgence of research activity in the promising field of bulk tissue polarimetry. In particular, with the advent of improved measurement, analysis, and interpretation methods, including Mueller matrix decomposition, new diagnostic avenues, such as quantification of microstructural anisotropy in bulk tissues, have been enabled. Further, novel technologies have improved the speed and the accuracy of polarimetric instruments for ex vivo and in vivo diagnostics. In this paper, we review some of the recent progress in tissue polarimetry, provide illustrative application examples, and offer an outlook to the future of polarized light imaging in bulk biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Alali
- University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario MG 1L7, Canada
| | - Alex Vitkin
- University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario MG 1L7, CanadabUniversity of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncol
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37
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Gao L, Smith RT. Optical hyperspectral imaging in microscopy and spectroscopy - a review of data acquisition. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:441-456. [PMID: 25186815 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v8.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rather than simply acting as a photographic camera capturing two-dimensional (x, y) intensity images or a spectrometer acquiring spectra (λ), a hyperspectral imager measures entire three-dimensional (x, y, λ) datacubes for multivariate analysis, providing structural, molecular, and functional information about biological cells or tissue with unprecedented detail. Such data also gives clinical insights for disease diagnosis and treatment. We summarize the principles underpinning this technology, highlight its practical implementation, and discuss its recent applications at microscopic to macroscopic scales. Datacube acquisition strategies in hyperspectral imaging x, y, spatial coordinates; λ, wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63139.
| | - R Theodore Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016.
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38
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Gao L, Smith RT. Optical hyperspectral imaging in microscopy and spectroscopy - a review of data acquisition. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:441-56. [PMID: 25186815 PMCID: PMC4348353 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rather than simply acting as a photographic camera capturing two-dimensional (x, y) intensity images or a spectrometer acquiring spectra (λ), a hyperspectral imager measures entire three-dimensional (x, y, λ) datacubes for multivariate analysis, providing structural, molecular, and functional information about biological cells or tissue with unprecedented detail. Such data also gives clinical insights for disease diagnosis and treatment. We summarize the principles underpinning this technology, highlight its practical implementation, and discuss its recent applications at microscopic to macroscopic scales. Datacube acquisition strategies in hyperspectral imaging x, y, spatial coordinates; λ, wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63139.
| | - R Theodore Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016.
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39
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Feng X, Patel R, Yaroslavsky AN. Wavelength optimized cross-polarized wide-field imaging for noninvasive and rapid evaluation of dermal structures. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:324-31. [PMID: 25601353 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the morphology of dermal collagen may indicate aging or pathological processes. At present, there is no technology for in vivo real-time assessment of collagen structures. Our goal was to introduce and validate polarization optical imaging for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of dermal collagen. Seventeen volunteers participated in the study. Cross-polarized 440 nm images were acquired noninvasively from facial skin of the study subjects. Collagen content and intensity histogram were computed from the optical images. Quantitative results showed a decrease in the collagen content with increasing age of the subjects. Analysis of the collagen image histogram parameters demonstrated decreasing mean pixel value and increasing full width at half maximum (FWHM) with increasing age. Polarization optical imaging has the potential for rapid noninvasive in vivo evaluation of human dermis. Cross-polarized imaging at different wavelengths emphasizes different features of human skin. (A) Skin photograph. (B) In vivo cross-polarized image at 440 nm. (C) In vivo cross-polarized image at 570 nm. (D) In vivo cross-polarized image at 690 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Advanced Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 175 Cabot Street, Suites 110-111, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
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