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Manav N, Jit BP, Kataria B, Sharma A. Cellular and epigenetic perspective of protein stability and its implications in the biological system. Epigenomics 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38884355 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2351788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein stability is a fundamental prerequisite in both experimental and therapeutic applications. Current advancements in high throughput experimental techniques and functional ontology approaches have elucidated that impairment in the structure and stability of proteins is intricately associated with the cause and cure of several diseases. Therefore, it is paramount to deeply understand the physical and molecular confounding factors governing the stability of proteins. In this review article, we comprehensively investigated the evolution of protein stability, examining its emergence over time, its relationship with organizational aspects and the experimental methods used to understand it. Furthermore, we have also emphasized the role of Epigenetics and its interplay with post-translational modifications (PTMs) in regulating the stability of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Manav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
| | - Babita Kataria
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, 124105, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, Ansari Nagar, 110029, India
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, 124105, India
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de la Visitación N, Chen W, Krishnan J, Van Beusecum JP, Amarnath V, Hennen EM, Zhao S, Saleem M, Ao M, Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE, Harrison DG, Patrick DM. Immunoproteasomal Processing of IsoLG-Adducted Proteins Is Essential for Hypertension. Circ Res 2024; 134:1276-1291. [PMID: 38623763 PMCID: PMC11081850 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is characterized by CD8+ (cluster differentiation 8) T cell activation and infiltration into peripheral tissues. CD8+ T cell activation requires proteasomal processing of antigenic proteins. It has become clear that isoLG (isolevuglandin)-adduced peptides are antigenic in hypertension; however, IsoLGs inhibit the constitutive proteasome. We hypothesized that immunoproteasomal processing of isoLG-adducts is essential for CD8+ T cell activation and inflammation in hypertension. METHODS IsoLG adduct processing was studied in murine dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and B8 fibroblasts. The role of the proteasome and the immunoproteasome in Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension was studied in C57BL/6 mice treated with bortezomib or the immunoproteasome inhibitor PR-957 and by studying mice lacking 3 critical immunoproteasome subunits (triple knockout mouse). We also examined hypertension in mice lacking the critical immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (large multifunctional peptidase 7) specifically in either DCs or ECs. RESULTS We found that oxidant stress increases the presence of isoLG adducts within MHC-I (class I major histocompatibility complex), and immunoproteasome overexpression augments this. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the immunoproteasome attenuated hypertension and tissue inflammation. Conditional deletion of LMP7 in either DCs or ECs attenuated hypertension and vascular inflammation. Finally, we defined the role of the innate immune receptors STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and TLR7/8 (toll-like receptor 7/8) as drivers of LMP7 expression in ECs. CONCLUSIONS These studies define a previously unknown role of the immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs in CD8+ T cell activation. The immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs is critical for isoLG-adduct presentation to CD8+ T cells, and in the endothelium, this guides homing and infiltration of T cells to specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin P. Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Charleston South Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sergey I. Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna E. Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David M. Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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Anan Y, Itakura M, Shimoda T, Yamaguchi K, Lu P, Nagata K, Dong J, Ueda H, Uchida K. Molecular and structural basis of anti-DNA antibody specificity for pyrrolated proteins. Commun Biol 2024; 7:149. [PMID: 38310133 PMCID: PMC10838295 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies (Abs), serological hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and markers for diagnosis and disease activity, show a specificity for non-nucleic acid molecules, such as N-pyrrolated proteins (pyrP) containing Nε-pyrrole-L-lysine (pyrK) residues. However, the detailed mechanism for the binding of anti-DNA Abs to pyrP remains unknown. In the present study, to gain structural insights into the dual-specificity of anti-DNA Abs, we used phage display to obtain DNA-binding, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) from SLE-prone mice and found that they also cross-reacted with pyrP. It was revealed that a variable heavy chain (VH) domain is sufficient for the recognition of DNA/pyrP. Identification of an antigenic sequence containing pyrK in pyrP suggested that the presence of both pyrK and multiple acidic amino acid residues plays important roles in the electrostatic interactions with the Abs. X-ray crystallography and computer-predicted simulations of the pyrK-containing peptide-scFv complexes identified key residues of Abs involved in the interaction with the antigens. These data provide a mechanistic insight into the molecular basis of the dual-specificity of the anti-DNA Abs and provide a basis for therapeutic intervention against SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Anan
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masanori Itakura
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimoda
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Peng Lu
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jinhua Dong
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Astakhov DV, Terentiev AA. Lipid peroxidation: Reactive carbonyl species, protein/DNA adducts, and signaling switches in oxidative stress and cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149167. [PMID: 37939506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the exposure of lipids to reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation proceeds non-enzymatically and generates an extremely heterogeneous mixture of reactive carbonyl species (RCS). Among them, HNE, HHE, MDA, methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and acrolein are the most studied and/or abundant ones. Over the last decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding mechanisms of RCS generation, protein/DNA adduct formation, and their identification and quantification in biological samples. In our review, we critically discuss the advancements in understanding the roles of RCS-induced protein/DNA modifications in signaling switches to provide adaptive cell response under physiological and oxidative stress conditions. At non-toxic concentrations, RCS modify susceptible Cys residue in c-Src to activate MAPK signaling and Cys, Lys, and His residues in PTEN to cause its reversible inactivation, thereby stimulating PI3K/PKB(Akt) pathway. RCS toxic concentrations cause irreversible Cys modifications in Keap1 and IKKβ followed by stabilization of Nrf2 and activation of NF-κB, respectively, for their nuclear translocation and antioxidant gene expression. Dysregulation of these mechanisms causes diseases including cancer. Alterations in RCS, RCS detoxifying enzymes, RCS-modified protein/DNA adducts, and signaling pathways have been implicated in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Astakhov
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biodesign and Complex Systems Modelling, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, 1 Ostrovityanov Street, Moscow, Russia
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de la Visitación N, Chen W, Krishnan J, Van Beusecum JP, Amarnath V, Hennen EM, Zhao S, Saleem M, Ao M, Harrison DG, Patrick DM. Immunoproteasomal Processing of Isolevuglandin Adducts in Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536054. [PMID: 37383945 PMCID: PMC10299468 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) are lipid aldehydes that form in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and drive immune activation. We found that isoLG-adducts are presented within the context of major histocompatibility complexes (MHC-I) by an immunoproteasome dependent mechanism. Pharmacologic inhibition of LMP7, the chymotrypsin subunit of the immunoproteasome, attenuates hypertension and tissue inflammation in the angiotensin II (Ang II) model of hypertension. Genetic loss of function of all immunoproteasome subunits or conditional deletion of LMP7 in dendritic cell (DCs) or endothelial cells (ECs) attenuated hypertension, reduced aortic T cell infiltration, and reduced isoLG-adduct MHC-I interaction. Furthermore, isoLG adducts structurally resemble double-stranded DNA and contribute to the activation of STING in ECs. These studies define a critical role of the immunoproteasome in the processing and presentation of isoLG-adducts. Moreover they define a role of LMP7 as a regulator of T cell activation and tissue infiltration in hypertension.
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Yoshitake J, Shibata T, Chikazawa M, Uchida K. Autoxidation of ascorbate mediates lysine N-pyrrolation. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:749-759. [PMID: 36725333 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2174865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein N-pyrrolation, which converts lysine residues to Nε-pyrrole-l-lysine (pyrK), is a naturally occurring covalent modification. The pyrrolated proteins have a unique property of binding to DNA-staining agents, such as SYBR Green I (SG), and anti-DNA antibodies, suggesting a physiologically relevant modification that gives rise to DNA mimic protein. These properties of pyrrolated protein are suggested to be associated with innate and autoimmune responses. Short-chain aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation are thought to be involved in the formation of pyrK. We now report that similar lysine N-pyrrolation also occurs during the metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins with ascorbate. When human serum albumin (HSA) was incubated with Fe2+/ascorbate in the presence and absence of docosahexaenoic acid, the protein was converted to SG-binding proteins even without the polyunsaturated fatty acid. The formation of SG-binding proteins by Fe2+/ascorbate was accompanied by the formation of pyrK, which was also detected in ascorbate-treated hemoglobin. Moreover, the metal-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbate produced the pyrrolation factors, glycolaldehyde and glyoxal. These results and the observations that sera from autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr mice recognized modified proteins with Fe2+/ascorbate and with glycolaldehyde/glyoxal suggest that the autoxidation of ascorbate, as well as lipid peroxidation, can be a source of autoantigenic N-pyrrolated proteins. Our findings revealed a possible function of ascorbate as an endogenous source of pyrrolated proteins and suggested that the pyrK residues generated in proteins may play a role in the innate and autoimmune responses associated with the oxidative metabolism of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshitake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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Uchida K. Conversion of proteins into DNA mimetics by lipid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109374. [PMID: 35964440 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of primary amino groups to pyrrole derivatives occurs by modifying lysine residues of proteins with lipid peroxidation products. Pyrrolated proteins exhibit electronegativity and electronic properties and are recognized by DNA-binding molecules, such as anti-DNA autoantibodies and DNA intercalators. This review summarizes the state of knowledge about the chemistry of this unique conversion reaction of proteins into DNA mimetics by lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Patrick DM, de la Visitación N, Krishnan J, Chen W, Ormseth MJ, Stein CM, Davies SS, Amarnath V, Crofford LJ, Williams JM, Zhao S, Smart CD, Dikalov S, Dikalova A, Xiao L, Van Beusecum JP, Ao M, Fogo AB, Kirabo A, Harrison DG. Isolevuglandins disrupt PU.1-mediated C1q expression and promote autoimmunity and hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e136678. [PMID: 35608913 PMCID: PMC9310530 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a mechanism responsible for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In humans with SLE and in 2 SLE murine models, there was marked enrichment of isolevuglandin-adducted proteins (isoLG adducts) in monocytes and dendritic cells. We found that antibodies formed against isoLG adducts in both SLE-prone mice and humans with SLE. In addition, isoLG ligation of the transcription factor PU.1 at a critical DNA binding site markedly reduced transcription of all C1q subunits. Treatment of SLE-prone mice with the specific isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) ameliorated parameters of autoimmunity, including plasma cell expansion, circulating IgG levels, and anti-dsDNA antibody titers. 2-HOBA also lowered blood pressure, attenuated renal injury, and reduced inflammatory gene expression uniquely in C1q-expressing dendritic cells. Thus, isoLG adducts play an essential role in the genesis and maintenance of systemic autoimmunity and hypertension in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Patrick
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
| | - Michelle J. Ormseth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles D. Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | | | | | - Justin P. Van Beusecum
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Lim SY, Yamaguchi K, Itakura M, Chikazawa M, Matsuda T, Uchida K. Unique B-1 cells specific for both N-pyrrolated proteins and DNA evolve with apolipoprotein E deficiency. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101582. [PMID: 35031322 PMCID: PMC8844855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine N-pyrrolation, a posttranslational modification, which converts lysine residues to Nε-pyrrole-L-lysine, imparts electronegative properties to proteins, causing them to mimic DNA. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been identified as a soluble receptor for pyrrolated proteins (pyrP), and accelerated lysine N-pyrrolation has been observed in apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) hyperlipidemic mice. However, the impact of pyrP accumulation consequent to apoE deficiency on the innate immune response remains unclear. Here, we investigated B-1a cells known to produce germline-encoded immunoglobulin M (IgM) from mice deficient in apoE and identified a particular cell population that specifically produces IgM antibodies against pyrP and DNA. We demonstrated an expansion of B-1a cells involved in IgM production in the peritoneal cavity of apoE−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, consistent with a progressive increase of IgM response in the mouse sera. We found that pyrP exhibited preferential binding to B-1a cells and facilitated the production of IgM. B cell receptor analysis of pyrP-specific B-1a cells showed restricted usage of gene segments selected from the germline gene set; most sequences contained high levels of non-templated-nucleotide additions (N-additions) that could contribute to junctional diversity of B cell receptors. Finally, we report that a subset of monoclonal IgM antibodies against pyrP/DNA established from the apoE−/− mice also contained abundant N-additions. These results suggest that the accumulation of pyrP due to apoE deficiency may influence clonal diversity in the pyrP-specific B cell repertoire. The discovery of these unique B-1a cells for pyrP/DNA provides a key link connecting covalent protein modification, lipoprotein metabolism, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Young Lim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masanori Itakura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Chikazawa M, Yoshitake J, Lim SY, Iwata S, Negishi L, Shibata T, Uchida K. Glycolaldehyde is an endogenous source of lysine N-pyrrolation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7697-7709. [PMID: 32332094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine N-pyrrolation converts lysine residues to N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine (pyrK) in a covalent modification reaction that significantly affects the chemical properties of proteins, causing them to mimic DNA. pyrK in proteins has been detected in vivo, indicating that pyrrolation occurs as an endogenous reaction. However, the source of pyrK remains unknown. In this study, on the basis of our observation in vitro that pyrK is present in oxidized low-density lipoprotein and in modified proteins with oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, we used LC-electrospray ionization-MS/MS coupled with a stable isotope dilution method to perform activity-guided separation of active molecules in oxidized lipids and identified glycolaldehyde (GA) as a pyrK source. The results from mechanistic experiments to study GA-mediated lysine N-pyrrolation suggested that the reactions might include GA oxidation, generating the dialdehyde glyoxal, followed by condensation reactions of lysine amino groups with GA and glyoxal. We also studied the functional significance of GA-mediated lysine N-pyrrolation in proteins and found that GA-modified proteins are recognized by apolipoprotein E, a binding target of pyrrolated proteins. Moreover, GA-modified proteins triggered an immune response to pyrrolated proteins, and monoclonal antibodies generated from mice immunized with GA-modified proteins specifically recognized pyrrolated proteins. These findings reveal that GA is an endogenous source of DNA-mimicking pyrrolated proteins and may provide mechanistic insights relevant for innate and autoimmune responses associated with glucose metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sei-Young Lim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Central Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Davies SS, May-Zhang LS, Boutaud O, Amarnath V, Kirabo A, Harrison DG. Isolevuglandins as mediators of disease and the development of dicarbonyl scavengers as pharmaceutical interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107418. [PMID: 31629006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation include a number of reactive lipid aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, 4-oxo-nonenal, and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). Although these all contribute to disease processes, the most reactive are the IsoLGs, which rapidly adduct to lysine and other cellular primary amines, leading to changes in protein function, cross-linking and immunogenicity. Their rapid reactivity means that only IsoLG adducts, and not the unreacted aldehyde, can be readily measured. This high reactivity also makes it challenging for standard cellular defense mechanisms such as aldehyde reductases and oxidases to dispose of them before they react with proteins and other cellular amines. This led us to seek small molecule primary amines that might trap and inactivate IsoLGs before they could modify cellular proteins or other endogenous cellular amines such as phosphatidylethanolamines to cause disease. Our studies identified 2-aminomethylphenols including 2-hydroxybenzylamine as IsoLG scavengers. Subsequent studies showed that they also trap other lipid dicarbonyls that react with primary amines such as 4-oxo-nonenal and malondialdehyde, but not hydroxyalkenals like 4-hydroxy-nonenal that preferentially react with soft nucleophiles. This review describes the use of these 2-aminomethylphenols as dicarbonyl scavengers to assess the contribution of IsoLGs and other amine-reactive lipid dicarbonyls to disease and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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12
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Martin-Rubio AS, Sopelana P, Nakashima F, Shibata T, Uchida K, Guillén MD. A Dual Perspective of the Action of Lysine on Soybean Oil Oxidation Process Obtained by Combining 1H NMR and LC-MS: Antioxidant Effect and Generation of Lysine-Aldehyde Adducts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E326. [PMID: 31438558 PMCID: PMC6770364 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is still known about both the effect of amino acids on the oxidation course of edible oils and the modifications that the former may undergo during this process. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this work was to study the evolution of a system consisting of soybean oil with 2% of l-lysine under heating at 70 °C and stirring conditions, analyzing how the co-oxidation of the oil and of the amino acid affects their respective evolutions, and trying to obtain information about the action mechanism of lysine on soybean oil oxidation. The study of the oil progress by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) showed that the presence of lysine noticeably delays oil degradation and oxidation products generation in comparison with a reference oil without lysine. Regarding lysine evolution, the analysis by 1H NMR and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of a series of aqueous extracts obtained from the oil containing lysine over time revealed the formation of lysine adducts, most of them at the position, with n-alkanals, malondialdehyde, (E)-2-alkenals, and toxic oxygenated α β-unsaturated aldehydes. However, this latter finding does not seem enough to explain the antioxidant action of lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Martin-Rubio
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Patricia Sopelana
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamic, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - María D Guillén
- Food Technology. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
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13
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Hirose S, Hioki Y, Miyashita H, Hirade N, Yoshitake J, Shibata T, Kikuchi R, Matsushita T, Chikazawa M, Itakura M, Zhang M, Nagata K, Uchida K. Apolipoprotein E binds to and reduces serum levels of DNA-mimicking, pyrrolated proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11035-11045. [PMID: 31167785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine N-pyrrolation, converting lysine residues to N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine, is a recently discovered post-translational modification. This naturally occurring reaction confers electrochemical properties onto proteins that potentially produce an electrical mimic to DNA and result in specificity toward DNA-binding molecules such as anti-DNA autoantibodies. The discovery of this unique covalent protein modification provides a rationale for establishing the molecular mechanism and broad functional significance of the formation and regulation of N ϵ-pyrrole-l-lysine-containing proteins. In this study, we used microbeads coupled to pyrrolated or nonpyrrolated protein to screen for binding activities of human serum-resident nonimmunoglobin proteins to the pyrrolated proteins. This screen identified apolipoprotein E (apoE) as a protein that innately binds the DNA-mimicking proteins in serum. Using an array of biochemical assays, we observed that the pyrrolated proteins bind to the N-terminal domain of apoE and that oligomeric apoE binds these proteins better than does monomeric apoE. Employing surface plasmon resonance and confocal microscopy, we further observed that apoE deficiency leads to significant accumulation of pyrrolated serum albumin and is associated with an enhanced immune response. These results, along with the observation that apoE facilitates the binding of pyrrolated proteins to cells, suggest that apoE may contribute to the clearance of pyrrolated serum proteins. Our findings uncover apoE as a binding target of pyrrolated proteins, providing a key link connecting covalent protein modification, lipoprotein metabolism, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yoshitake
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Masanori Itakura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Koji Nagata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, and; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, CREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
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14
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Mont S, Davies SS, Roberts second LJ, Mernaugh RL, McDonald WH, Segal BH, Zackert W, Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Sekhar KR, Galligan JJ, Massion PP, Marnett LJ, Travis EL, Freeman ML. Accumulation of isolevuglandin-modified protein in normal and fibrotic lung. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24919. [PMID: 27118599 PMCID: PMC4847119 DOI: 10.1038/srep24919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine modification by γ-ketoaldehyde isomers derived from arachidonic acid, termed isolevuglandins (IsoLGs), is emerging as a mechanistic link between pathogenic reactive oxygen species and disease progression. However, the questions of whether covalent modification of proteins by IsoLGs are subject to genetic regulation and the identity of IsoLG-modified proteins remain unclear. Herein we show that Nrf2 and Nox2 are key regulators of IsoLG modification in pulmonary tissue and report on the identity of proteins analyzed by LC-MS following immunoaffinity purification of IsoLG-modified proteins. Gene ontology analysis revealed that proteins in numerous cellular pathways are susceptible to IsoLG modification. Although cells tolerate basal levels of modification, exceeding them induces apoptosis. We found prominent modification in a murine model of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two diseases considered to be promoted by gene-regulated oxidant stress. Based on these results we hypothesize that IsoLG modification is a hitherto unrecognized sequelae that contributes to radiation-induced pulmonary injury and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Mont
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sean S. Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - L. Jackson Roberts second
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Raymond L. Mernaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Brahm H. Segal
- Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, and University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - William Zackert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Konjeti R. Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - James J. Galligan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Travis
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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15
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Solak Y, Afsar B, Vaziri ND, Aslan G, Yalcin CE, Covic A, Kanbay M. Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:567-73. [PMID: 27053010 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension that is considered idiopathic is called essential hypertension and accordingly has no clear culprit for its cause. However, basic research and clinical studies in recent years have expanded our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of essential hypertension. Of these, increased oxidative stress, both in the kidney and arterial wall, closely coupled with inflammatory infiltration now appear to have a prominent role. Discovery of regulatory and interleukin-17-producing T cells has enabled us to better understand the mechanism by which inflammation and autoimmunity, or autoinflammation, lead to the development of hypertension. Despite achieving considerable progress, the intricate interactions between oxidative stress, the immune system and the development of hypertension remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the pathophysiology of hypertension with a focus on the oxidant stress-autoimmunity-inflammation interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Solak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Konya Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Schools of Medicine and Biological Science, University of California Irvine, California, CA, USA
| | - Gamze Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Ege Yalcin
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'CI PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Samson R, Lee A, Lawless S, Hsu R, Sander G. Novel Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:21-35. [PMID: 27981434 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common disease affecting humans and imparts a significant cardiovascular and renal risk to patients. Extensive research over the past few decades has enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in hypertension. However, in most instances, the cause of hypertension in a given patient continues to remain elusive. Nevertheless, achieving aggressive blood pressure goals significantly reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as demonstrated in the recently concluded SPRINT trial. Since a large proportion of patients still fail to achieve blood pressure goals, knowledge of novel pathophysiologic mechanisms and mechanism based treatment strategies is crucial. The following chapter will review the novel pathophysiological mechanisms in hypertension, with a focus on role of immunity, inflammation and vascular endothelial homeostasis. The therapeutic implications of these mechanisms will be discussed where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samson
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Andrew Lee
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sean Lawless
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Robert Hsu
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Gary Sander
- Tulane University Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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17
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Wu J, Saleh MA, Kirabo A, Itani HA, Montaniel KRC, Xiao L, Chen W, Mernaugh RL, Cai H, Bernstein KE, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Curci JA, Barbaro NR, Moreno H, Davies SS, Roberts LJ, Madhur MS, Harrison DG. Immune activation caused by vascular oxidation promotes fibrosis and hypertension. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:50-67. [PMID: 26595812 DOI: 10.1172/jci80761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular oxidative injury accompanies many common conditions associated with hypertension. In the present study, we employed mouse models with excessive vascular production of ROS (tg(sm/p22phox) mice, which overexpress the NADPH oxidase subunit p22(phox) in smooth muscle, and mice with vascular-specific deletion of extracellular SOD) and have shown that these animals develop vascular collagen deposition, aortic stiffening, renal dysfunction, and hypertension with age. T cells from tg(sm/p22phox) mice produced high levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ. Crossing tg(sm/p22phox) mice with lymphocyte-deficient Rag1(-/-) mice eliminated vascular inflammation, aortic stiffening, renal dysfunction, and hypertension; however, adoptive transfer of T cells restored these processes. Isoketal-protein adducts, which are immunogenic, were increased in aortas, DCs, and macrophages of tg(sm/p22phox) mice. Autologous pulsing with tg(sm/p22phox) aortic homogenates promoted DCs of tg(sm/p22phox) mice to stimulate T cell proliferation and production of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and TNF-α. Treatment with the superoxide scavenger tempol or the isoketal scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) normalized blood pressure; prevented vascular inflammation, aortic stiffening, and hypertension; and prevented DC and T cell activation. Moreover, in human aortas, the aortic content of isoketal adducts correlated with fibrosis and inflammation severity. Together, these results define a pathway linking vascular oxidant stress to immune activation and aortic stiffening and provide insight into the systemic inflammation encountered in common vascular diseases.
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18
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Mahon BP, Lomelino CL, Salguero AL, Driscoll JM, Pinard MA, McKenna R. Observed surface lysine acetylation of human carbonic anhydrase II expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Sci 2015; 24:1800-7. [PMID: 26266677 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of surface lysine residues of proteins has been observed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), an organism that has been extensively utilized for recombinant protein expression. This post-translational modification is shown to be important in various processes such as metabolism, stress-response, transcription, and translation. As such, utilization of E. coli expression systems for protein production may yield non-native acetylation events of surface lysine residues. Here we present the crystal structures of wild-type and a variant of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) that have been expressed in E. coli and exhibit surface lysine acetylation and we speculate on the effect this has on the conformational stability of each enzyme. Both structures were determined to 1.6 Å resolution and show clear electron density for lysine acetylation. The lysine acetylation does not distort the structure and the surface lysine acetylation events most likely do not interfere with the biological interpretation. However, there is a reduction in conformational stability in the hCA II variant compared to wild type (∼ 4°C decrease). This may be due to other lysine acetylation events that have occurred but are not visible in the crystal structure due to intrinsic disorder. Therefore, surface lysine acetylation events may affect overall protein stability and crystallization, and should be considered when using E. coli expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Carrie L Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Antonieta L Salguero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Jenna M Driscoll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Melissa A Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
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19
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Abstract
For >50 years, it has been recognized that immunity contributes to hypertension. Recent data have defined an important role of T cells and various T cell-derived cytokines in several models of experimental hypertension. These studies have shown that stimuli like angiotensin II, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt, and excessive catecholamines lead to formation of effector like T cells that infiltrate the kidney and perivascular regions of both large arteries and arterioles. There is also accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in these regions. Cytokines released from these cells, including interleukin-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factorα, and interleukin-6 promote both renal and vascular dysfunction and damage, leading to enhanced sodium retention and increased systemic vascular resistance. The renal effects of these cytokines remain to be fully defined, but include enhanced formation of angiotensinogen, increased sodium reabsorption, and increased renal fibrosis. Recent experiments have defined a link between oxidative stress and immune activation in hypertension. These have shown that hypertension is associated with formation of reactive oxygen species in dendritic cells that lead to formation of gamma ketoaldehydes, or isoketals. These rapidly adduct to protein lysines and are presented by dendritic cells as neoantigens that activate T cells and promote hypertension. Thus, cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system contribute to end-organ damage and dysfunction in hypertension. Therapeutic interventions to reduce activation of these cells may prove beneficial in reducing end-organ damage and preventing consequences of hypertension, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G McMaster
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (W.G.M.) and the Department of Medicine (W.G.M., A.K., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (W.G.M.) and the Department of Medicine (W.G.M., A.K., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Meena S Madhur
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (W.G.M.) and the Department of Medicine (W.G.M., A.K., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David G Harrison
- From the Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (W.G.M.) and the Department of Medicine (W.G.M., A.K., M.S.M., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.
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20
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Aluise CD, Camarillo JM, Shimozu Y, Galligan JJ, Rose KL, Tallman KA, Marnett LJ. Site-specific, intramolecular cross-linking of Pin1 active site residues by the lipid electrophile 4-oxo-2-nonenal. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:817-27. [PMID: 25739016 PMCID: PMC4480626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Products of oxidative damage to lipids
include 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
(HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), both of which are cytotoxic electrophiles.
ONE reacts more rapidly with nucleophilic amino acid side chains,
resulting in covalent protein adducts, including residue–residue
cross-links. Previously, we demonstrated that peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase A1 (Pin1) was highly
susceptible to adduction by HNE and that the catalytic cysteine (Cys113)
was the preferential site of modification. Here, we show that ONE
also preferentially adducts Pin1 at the catalytic Cys but results
in a profoundly different modification. Results from experiments using
purified Pin1 incubated with ONE revealed the principal product to
be a Cys-Lys pyrrole-containing cross-link between the side chains
of Cys113 and Lys117. In vitro competition assays
between HNE and ONE demonstrate that ONE reacts more rapidly than
HNE with Cys113. Exposure of RKO cells to alkynyl-ONE (aONE) followed
by copper-mediated click chemistry and streptavidin purification revealed
that Pin1 is also modified by ONE in cells. Analysis of the Pin1 crystal
structure reveals that Cys113 and Lys117 are oriented toward each
other in the active site, facilitating formation of an ONE cross-link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Aluise
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Jeannie M Camarillo
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Yuki Shimozu
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - James J Galligan
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Kristie L Rose
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Keri A Tallman
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- †A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Mass Spectrometry Research Core, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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