1
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Barnett RC, Lewis AN, Gong Q, Preston DL, Frazer LC, Werthammer JW, Good M. Modulation of intestinal TLR4 expression in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. J Perinatol 2024; 44:1125-1131. [PMID: 38151596 PMCID: PMC11209831 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) has been associated with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in term and late-preterm neonates. In this study, we used stool gene expression to determine if an increase in baseline inflammation in the intestine of infants with NOWS is associated with these findings. STUDY DESIGN Stool samples were prospectively collected between days 1-3 and days 4-9 after delivery for opioid-exposed ( n = 9) or non-exposed neonates (n = 8). Stool gene expression for TLR4 and HMGB1 was determined via real-time PCR. RESULTS TLR4 expression was higher in the stool of the non-exposed group in both time periods, between days 1-3 (P < 0.0001) and days 4-9 (P < 0.05) after delivery. No significant difference in HMGB1 expression was found at either time point (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings point to an important interplay between opioid exposure and/or NOWS and the inflammatory milieu of the neonatal intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Angela N Lewis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah L Preston
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Lauren C Frazer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph W Werthammer
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Sampath V, Martinez M, Caplan M, Underwood MA, Cuna A. Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants-A defect in the brakes? Evidence from clinical and animal studies. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:208-220. [PMID: 36804483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of postnatal intestinal adaptation is the establishment of symbiotic relationships with co-evolved gut microbiota. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most severe disease arising from failure in postnatal gut adaptation in premature infants. Although pathological activation of intestinal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is believed to underpin NEC pathogenesis, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We postulate that unregulated aberrant TLR activation in NEC arises from a failure in intestinal-specific mechanisms that tamponade TLR signaling (the brakes). In this review, we discussed the human and animal studies that elucidate the developmental mechanisms inhibiting TLR signaling in the postnatal intestine (establishing the brakes). We then evaluate evidence from preclinical models and human studies that point to a defect in the inhibition of TLR signaling underlying NEC. Finally, we provided a framework for the assessment of NEC risk by screening for signatures of TLR signaling and for NEC prevention by TLR-targeted therapy in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
| | - Maribel Martinez
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Caplan
- Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alain Cuna
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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3
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McCulloch JA, Davar D, Rodrigues RR, Badger JH, Fang JR, Cole AM, Balaji AK, Vetizou M, Prescott SM, Fernandes MR, Costa RGF, Yuan W, Salcedo R, Bahadiroglu E, Roy S, DeBlasio RN, Morrison RM, Chauvin JM, Ding Q, Zidi B, Lowin A, Chakka S, Gao W, Pagliano O, Ernst SJ, Rose A, Newman NK, Morgun A, Zarour HM, Trinchieri G, Dzutsev AK. Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Nat Med 2022; 28:545-556. [PMID: 35228752 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is a tumor-extrinsic factor associated with antitumor response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy, but inconsistencies exist between published microbial signatures associated with clinical outcomes. To resolve this, we evaluated a new melanoma cohort, along with four published datasets. Time-to-event analysis showed that baseline microbiota composition was optimally associated with clinical outcome at approximately 1 year after initiation of treatment. Meta-analysis and other bioinformatic analyses of the combined data show that bacteria associated with favorable response are confined within the Actinobacteria phylum and the Lachnospiraceae/Ruminococcaceae families of Firmicutes. Conversely, Gram-negative bacteria were associated with an inflammatory host intestinal gene signature, increased blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and unfavorable outcome. Two microbial signatures, enriched for Lachnospiraceae spp. and Streptococcaceae spp., were associated with favorable and unfavorable clinical response, respectively, and with distinct immune-related adverse effects. Despite between-cohort heterogeneity, optimized all-minus-one supervised learning algorithms trained on batch-corrected microbiome data consistently predicted outcomes to programmed cell death protein-1 therapy in all cohorts. Gut microbial communities (microbiotypes) with nonuniform geographical distribution were associated with favorable and unfavorable outcomes, contributing to discrepancies between cohorts. Our findings shed new light on the complex interaction between the gut microbiome and response to cancer immunotherapy, providing a roadmap for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McCulloch
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard R Rodrigues
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fang
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M Cole
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ascharya K Balaji
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie Vetizou
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie M Prescott
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raquel G F Costa
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wuxing Yuan
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erol Bahadiroglu
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Soumen Roy
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richelle N DeBlasio
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Morrison
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joe-Marc Chauvin
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Quanquan Ding
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ava Lowin
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saranya Chakka
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wentao Gao
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ornella Pagliano
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scarlett J Ernst
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Rose
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nolan K Newman
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Amiran K Dzutsev
- Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Chen Y, Kim BJ, Dallas DC. Proteomics analysis reveals digestion-resistant proteins from colostrum are associated with inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in intestinal epithelial cells. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:1119-1129. [PMID: 34687453 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human-milk feeding reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants compared with formula feeding, the exact risk-reduction mechanism remains unknown. As NEC occurs at the distal small intestine in which digestion has occurred, we applied proteomics to examine the extent to which colostrum proteins survive simulated infant in vitro-digestion and, thus, have potential to exert biological function. METHODS Ten preterm colostrum samples were left undigested or in vitro-digested, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors I and II were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all undigested and in vitro-digested samples. Fully differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to digested colostrum samples before stimulation with LPS or TNF or no stimulation. Inflammation (interleukin-8) and cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase) were measured. Proteomic analyses of undigested and in vitro-digested samples were done using mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that most proteins in colostrum are significantly, if not completely, degraded after in vitro-digestion. We found select individual and combination digestion-resistant proteins that were positively correlated with LPS- and TNF-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION These results indicate the importance of considering the extent to which specific dietary compounds survive digestion to reach their site of claimed action (distal intestine) and that some digestion-resistant proteins may be contributing toward "low-grade" inflammation that is necessary to promote intestinal growth and maturation during early infancy. This work provides the most detailed understanding of human-milk protein degradation with simulated infant in vitro-digestion to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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5
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Yoon G, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Mullens DA, Ivanov I, Donovan SM, Chapkin RS. Exfoliated epithelial cell transcriptome reflects both small and large intestinal cell signatures in piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G41-G51. [PMID: 33949197 PMCID: PMC8321797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing intestinal development and host-microbe interactions in healthy human infants requires noninvasive approaches. We have shown that the transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in feces can differentiate breast-fed and formula-fed infants and term and preterm infants. However, it is not fully understood which regions of the intestine that the exfoliated cells represent. Herein, the transcriptional profiles of exfoliated cells with that of the ileal and colonic mucosa were compared. We hypothesized that exfoliated cells in the distal colon would reflect mucosal signatures of more proximal regions of the gut. Two-day-old piglets (n = 8) were fed formulas for 20 days. Luminal contents and mucosa were collected from ileum (IL), ascending colon (AC), and descending (DC) colon, and mRNA was extracted and sequenced. On average, ∼13,000 genes were mapped in mucosal tissues and ∼10,000 in luminal contents. The intersection of detected genes between three mucosa regions and DC exfoliome indicated an approximately 99% overlap. On average, 49% of the genes in IL, AC, and DC mucosa were present in the AC and DC exfoliome. Genes expressed predominantly in specific anatomic sites (stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon) were detectable in exfoliated cells. In addition, gene markers for all intestinal epithelial cell types were expressed in the exfoliome representing a diverse array of cell types arising from both the small and large intestine. Genes were mapped to nutrient absorption and transport and immune function. Thus, the exfoliome represents a robust reservoir of information in which to assess intestinal development and responses to dietary interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in stool contain gene signatures from both small and large intestinal mucosa affording a noninvasive approach to assess gut health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yoon
- 1Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer S. Goldsby
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- 3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- 5Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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6
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Assessing the Multivariate Relationship between the Human Infant Intestinal Exfoliated Cell Transcriptome (Exfoliome) and Microbiome in Response to Diet. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122032. [PMID: 33353204 PMCID: PMC7766018 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the host exist in a mutualistic relationship, with the functional composition of the microbiota strongly influencing the health and well-being of the host. In addition to the standard differential expression analysis of host genes to assess the complex cross-talk between environment (diet), microbiome, and host intestinal physiology, data-driven integrative approaches are needed to identify potential biomarkers of both host genes and microbial communities that characterize these interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the complementary application of univariate differential gene expression analysis and multivariate approaches such as sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (sCCA) and sparse Principal Components Analysis (sPCA) can be used to integrate data from both the healthy infant gut microbial community and host transcriptome (exfoliome) using stool derived exfoliated cells shed from the gut. These approaches reveal host genes and microbial functional categories related to the feeding phenotype of the infants. Our findings also confirm that combinatorial noninvasive -omic approaches provide an integrative genomics-based perspective of neonatal host-gut microbiome interactions.
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7
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Selway CA, Mills JG, Weinstein P, Skelly C, Yadav S, Lowe A, Breed MF, Weyrich LS. Transfer of environmental microbes to the skin and respiratory tract of humans after urban green space exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106084. [PMID: 32977191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In industrialized countries, non-communicable diseases have been increasing in prevalence since the middle of the 20th century. While the causal mechanisms remain poorly understood, increased population density, pollution, sedentary behavior, smoking, changes in diet, and limited outdoor exposure have all been proposed as significant contributors. Several hypotheses (e.g. Hygiene, Old Friends, and Biodiversity Hypotheses) also suggest that limited environmental microbial exposures may underpin part of this rise in non-communicable diseases. In response, the Microbiome Rewilding Hypothesis proposes that adequate environmental microbial exposures could be achieved by restoring urban green spaces and could potentially decrease the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. However, the microbial interactions between humans and their surrounding environment and the passaging of microbes between both entities remains poorly understood, especially within an urban context. RESULTS Here, we survey human skin (n = 90 swabs) and nasal (n = 90 swabs) microbiota of three subjects that were exposed to air (n = 15), soil (n = 15), and leaves (n = 15) from different urban green space environments in three different cities across different continents (Adelaide, Australia; Bournemouth, United Kingdom; New Delhi, India). Using 16S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding, we examined baseline controls (pre-exposure) of both skin (n = 16) and nasal (n = 16) swabs and tracked microbiota transfer from the environment to the human body after exposure events. Microbial richness and phylogenetic diversity increased after urban green space exposure in skin and nasal samples collected in two of the three locations. The microbial composition of skin samples also became more similar to soil microbiota after exposure, while nasal samples became more similar to air samples. Nasal samples were more variable between sites and individuals than skin samples. CONCLUSIONS We show that exposure to urban green spaces can increase skin and nasal microbial diversity and alter human microbiota composition. Our study improves our understanding of human-environmental microbial interactions and suggests that increased exposure to diverse outdoor environments may increase the microbial diversity, which could lead to positive health outcomes for non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Selway
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jacob G Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Chris Skelly
- Public Health Dorset, Dorset County Council, Dorchester DT1 1TP, UK.
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Andrew Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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8
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Fang X, Ni N, Gao Y, Lydon JP, Ivanov I, Rijnkels M, Bayless KJ, Li Q. Transforming growth factor beta signaling and decidual integrity in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1186-1198. [PMID: 32902612 PMCID: PMC7711917 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling regulates multifaceted reproductive processes. It has been shown that the type 1 receptor of TGFβ (TGFBR1) is indispensable for female reproductive tract development, implantation, placental development, and fertility. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in decidual development and function remains poorly defined. Our objective is to determine the impact of uterine-specific deletion of Tgfbr1 on decidual integrity, with a focus on the cellular and molecular properties of the decidua during development. Our results show that the developmental dynamics of the decidua is altered in TGFBR1 conditionally depleted uteri from embryonic day (E) 5.5 to E8.5, substantiated by downregulation of genes associated with inflammatory responses and uterine natural killer cell abundance, reduced presence of nondecidualized fibroblasts in the antimesometrial region, and altered decidual cell development. Notably, conditional ablation of TGFBR1 results in the formation of decidua containing more abundant alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)-positive cells at the peripheral region of the antimesometrial side versus controls at E6.5-E8.5. This finding is corroborated by upregulation of a subset of smooth muscle marker genes in Tgfbr1 conditionally deleted decidua at E6.5 and E8.5. Moreover, increased cell proliferation and enhanced decidual ERK1/2 signaling were found in Tgfbr1 conditional knockout mice upon decidual regression. In summary, conditional ablation of TGFBR1 in the uterus profoundly impacts the cellular and molecular properties of the decidua. Our results suggest that TGFBR1 in uterine epithelial and stromal compartments is important for the integrity of the decidua, a transient but crucial structure that supports embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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9
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Nouadi B, Sbaoui Y, El Messal M, Bennis F, Chegdani F. Integrative Analysis of the Genes Induced by the Intestine Microbiota of Infant Born to Term and Breastfed. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220906168. [PMID: 32425510 PMCID: PMC7218278 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the integration of biological data is a major challenge for bioinformatics. Many studies have examined gene expression in the epithelial tissue in the intestines of infants born to term and breastfed, generating a large amount of data. The integration of these data is important to understand the biological processes involved during bacterial colonization of the newborns intestine, particularly through breast milk. This work aims to exploit the bioinformatics approaches, to provide a new representation and interpretation of the interactions between differentially expressed genes in the host intestine induced by the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Nouadi
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Yousra Sbaoui
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mariame El Messal
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Faiza Bennis
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Chegdani
- Laboratory of Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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10
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Coleman MC, Whitfield-Cargile C, Cohen ND, Goldsby JL, Davidson L, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Eades S, Ing N, Chapkin RS. Non-invasive evaluation of the equine gastrointestinal mucosal transcriptome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229797. [PMID: 32176710 PMCID: PMC7075554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract can be challenging in all species, but is especially difficult in horses due to their size and length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Isolation of mRNA of cells exfoliated from the GI mucosa into feces (i.e., the exfoliome) offers a novel means of non-invasively examining the gene expression profile of the GI mucosa. This approach has been utilized in people with colorectal cancer. Moreover, we have utilized this approach in a murine model of GI inflammation and demonstrated that the exfoliome reflects the tissue transcriptome. The ability of the equine exfoliome to provide non-invasive information regarding the health and function of the GI tract is not known. The objective of this study was to characterize the gene expression profile found in exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells from normal horses and compare the exfoliome data with the tissue mucosal transcriptome. Mucosal samples were collected from standardized locations along the GI tract (i.e. ileum, cecum, right dorsal colon, and rectum) from four healthy horses immediately following euthanasia. Voided feces were also collected. RNA isolation, library preparation, and RNA sequencing was performed on fecal and intestinal mucosal samples. Comparison of gene expression profiles from the tissue and exfoliome revealed correlation of gene expression. Moreover, the exfoliome contained reads representing the diverse array of cell types found in the GI mucosa suggesting the equine exfoliome serves as a non-invasive means of examining the global gene expression pattern of the equine GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Canaan Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
| | - Laurie Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
| | - Ana M. Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan Eades
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nancy Ing
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
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11
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Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112677. [PMID: 31694290 PMCID: PMC6893464 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Own mother’s milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM. Methods: The prospective observational study included preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation and/or ≤1500 g birthweight. Total RNA from EEIC were processed for genome-wide expression analysis. Results: Principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two clustered groups corresponding to the OMM and DHM groups that showed differences in the gene expression profile in 1629 transcripts. The OMM group overexpressed lactalbumin alpha gene (LALBA), Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COX1) and caseins kappa gene (CSN3), beta gene (CSN2) and alpha gene (CSN1S1) and underexpressed Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 gene (NCF1) compared to the DHM group. Conclusions: The transcriptomic analysis of EEIC showed that OMM induced a differential expression of specific genes that may contribute to a more efficient response to a pro-oxidant challenge early in the postnatal period when preterm infants are at a higher risk of oxidative stress. The use of OMM should be strongly promoted in preterm infants.
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12
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Sharma AK, Pafčo B, Vlčková K, Červená B, Kreisinger J, Davison S, Beeri K, Fuh T, Leigh SR, Burns MB, Blekhman R, Petrželková KJ, Gomez A. Mapping gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in wild primates and humans via fecal RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:493. [PMID: 31200636 PMCID: PMC6567582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited accessibility to intestinal epithelial tissue in wild animals and humans makes it challenging to study patterns of intestinal gene regulation, and hence to monitor physiological status and health in field conditions. To explore solutions to this limitation, we have used a noninvasive approach via fecal RNA-seq, for the quantification of gene expression markers in gastrointestinal cells of free-range primates and a forager human population. Thus, a combination of poly(A) mRNA enrichment and rRNA depletion methods was used in tandem with RNA-seq to quantify and compare gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in fecal samples of wild Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 9) and BaAka hunter-gatherers (n = 10) from The Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Results Although only a small fraction (< 4.9%) of intestinal mRNA signals was recovered, the data was sufficient to detect significant functional differences between gorillas and humans, at the gene and pathway levels. These intestinal gene expression differences were specifically associated with metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, non-host RNA-seq reads were used to gain preliminary insights on the subjects’ dietary habits, intestinal microbiomes, and infection prevalence, via identification of fungi, nematode, arthropod and plant RNA. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that fecal RNA-seq, targeting gastrointestinal epithelial cells can be used to evaluate primate intestinal physiology and gut gene regulation, in samples obtained in challenging conditions in situ. The approach used herein may be useful to obtain information on primate intestinal health, while revealing preliminary insights into foraging ecology, microbiome, and diet. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5813-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Vlčková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Červená
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Davison
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Karen Beeri
- Vanderbilt University medical center Technologies for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University medical center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Terence Fuh
- WWF Central African Republic, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Steven R Leigh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael B Burns
- Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic. .,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. .,Liberec Zoo, Lidové sady 425/1, 460 01, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
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13
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Dohlman AB, Shen X. Mapping the microbial interactome: Statistical and experimental approaches for microbiome network inference. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:445-458. [PMID: 30880449 PMCID: PMC6547001 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219836771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This review provides a comprehensive description of experimental and statistical tools used for network analyses of the human gut microbiome. Understanding the system dynamics of microbial interactions may lead to the improvement of therapeutic approaches for managing microbiome-associated diseases. Microbiome network inference tools have been developed and applied to both cross-sectional and longitudinal experimental designs, as well as to multi-omic datasets, with the goal of untangling the complex web of microbe-host, microbe-environmental, and metabolism-mediated microbial interactions. The characterization of these interaction networks may lead to a better understanding of the systems dynamics of the human gut microbiome, augmenting our knowledge of the microbiome's role in human health, and guiding the optimization of effective, precise, and rational therapeutic strategies for managing microbiome-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Guo X, Chen X, Wang J, Liu Z, Gaile D, Wu H, Yu G, Mao G, Yang Z, Di Z, Guo X, Cao L, Chang P, Kang B, Chen J, Gao W, Ren X. Multi-generational impacts of arsenic exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation and the implications for arsenic-induced skin lesions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:250-263. [PMID: 29982128 PMCID: PMC6143427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a nonmutagenic human carcinogen, arsenic (As)'s carcinogenic activity is likely the result of epigenetic changes, particularly alterations in DNA methylation. While increasing studies indicate a potentially important role for timing of As exposure on DNA methylation patterns and the subsequent differential risks for As toxicity and carcinogenesis, there is a lack of research that tackles these critical questions, particularly in human based populations. Here we reported a family-based study including three generations, in which each generation living in the same household had a distinctive timing of As exposure: in adulthood, in utero and during early childhood, and in germlines exposure for grandparents, parents, and grandchildren, respectively. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation data for 18 As-exposed families, nine control families, as well as 18 arsenical skin lesion patients. Our analysis showed that As exposure may leave detectable DNA methylation changes even though exposure occurred decades ago, and the most significant changes of global DNA methylation were observed among patients afflicted with arsenical skin lesions. As exposure across generations shared common differentially methylated DNA loci and regions (744 DML and 15 DMRs) despite the distinctive exposure timing in each generation. Importantly, based on these DML, clustering analysis grouped skin lesion patients together with grandparents in exposed families in the same cluster, separated from grandparents in control families. Further analysis identified a number of DML and several molecular pathways that were significantly distinguished between controls, exposed populations, as well as skin lesion patients. Finally, our exploratory analysis suggested that some of these DML altered by As exposure, may have the potential to be inherited affecting not only those directly exposed but also later generations. Together, our results suggest that common DML and/or DMRs associated with an increased risk for disease development could be identified regardless of when exposure to As occurred during their life span, and thus may be able to serve as biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk for As-induced skin lesions and possible cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Guo
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xushen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhiyue Liu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Daniel Gaile
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guangyun Mao
- School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuopeng Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhen Di
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangjinhouqi County, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Cao
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Peiye Chang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Binxian Kang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuyuan County, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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15
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Schlaberg R, Barrett A, Edes K, Graves M, Paul L, Rychert J, Lopansri BK, Leung DT. Fecal Host Transcriptomics for Non-Invasive Human Mucosal Immune Profiling: Proof of Concept in Clostridium Difficile Infection. Pathog Immun 2018; 3:164-180. [PMID: 30283823 PMCID: PMC6166656 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v3i2.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Host factors play an important role in pathogenesis and disease outcome in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and characterization of these responses could uncover potential host biomarkers to complement existing microbe-based diagnostics. Methods: We extracted RNA from fecal samples of patients with CDI and profiled human mRNA using amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS). We compared the fecal host mRNA transcript expression profiles of patients with CDI to controls with non-CDI diarrhea. Results: We found that the ratio of human actin gamma 1 (ACTG1) to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was highly correlated with NGS quality as measured by percentage of reads on target. Patients with CDI could be differentiated from those with non-CDI diarrhea based on their fecal mRNA expression profiles using principal component analysis. Among the most differentially expressed genes were ones related to immune response (IL23A, IL34) and actin-cytoskeleton function (TNNT1, MYL4, SMTN, MYBPC3, all adjusted P-values < 1 x 10-3). Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, we used host fecal transcriptomics for non-invasive profiling of the mucosal immune response in CDI. We identified differentially expressed genes with biological plausibility based on animal and cell culture models. This demonstrates the potential of fecal transcriptomics to uncover host-based biomarkers for enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlaberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amanda Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kornelia Edes
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael Graves
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Litty Paul
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bert K Lopansri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Epidemiology, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Sepsis and Oxidative Stress in the Newborn: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9390140. [PMID: 30174784 PMCID: PMC6098933 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9390140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is at present one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Together with inflammation, oxidative stress is involved in detrimental pathways activated during neonatal sepsis, eventually leading to organ dysfunction and death. The redox cascade during sepsis is mainly initiated by IL-6 and IL-8 stimulation in newborns and includes multiple noxious processes, as direct cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species, activation of gene expression leading to amplification of inflammation and oxidative stress, and impairment of mitochondrial function. Once proinflammatory and prooxidant pathways are established as stimulated by causing pathogens, self-maintaining unfavorable redox cycles ensue, leading to oxidative stress-related cellular damage, independently from the activating pathogens themselves. Despite antioxidant systems are induced during neonatal sepsis, as an adaptive response to an increased oxidative burden, a condition of redox imbalance favoring oxidative pathways occurs, resulting in increased markers of oxidative stress damage. Therefore, antioxidant treatment would exert beneficial effects during neonatal sepsis, potentially interrupting prooxidant pathways and preventing the maintenance of detrimental redox cycles that cannot be directly affected by antibiotic treatment. Among others, antioxidant agents investigated in clinical settings as adjunct treatment for neonatal sepsis include melatonin and pentoxifylline, both showing promising results, while novel antioxidant molecules, as edaravone and endothelin receptor antagonists, are at present under investigation in animal models. Finally, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant treatments could represent an interesting line of research in the treatment of neonatal sepsis.
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17
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Duponchel L. Exploring hyperspectral imaging data sets with topological data analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:123-131. [PMID: 29289301 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Duponchel
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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18
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The non-invasive exfoliated transcriptome (exfoliome) reflects the tissue-level transcriptome in a mouse model of NSAID enteropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14687. [PMID: 29089621 PMCID: PMC5665873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently used classes of medications in the world, yet they induce an enteropathy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A major limitation to better understanding the pathophysiology and diagnosis of this enteropathy is the difficulty of obtaining information about the primary site of injury, namely the distal small intestine. We investigated the utility of using mRNA from exfoliated cells in stool as a means to surveil the distal small intestine in a murine model of NSAID enteropathy. Specifically, we performed RNA-Seq on exfoliated cells found in feces and compared these data to RNA-Seq from both the small intestinal mucosa and colonic mucosa of healthy control mice or those exhibiting NSAID-induced enteropathy. Global gene expression analysis, data intersection, pathway analysis, and computational approaches including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used to assess the inter-relatedness of tissue (invasive) and stool (noninvasive) datasets. These analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell transcriptome closely mirrored the transcriptome of the small intestinal mucosa. Thus, the exfoliome may serve as a non-invasive means of detecting and monitoring NSAID enteropathy (and possibly other gastrointestinal mucosal inflammatory diseases).
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19
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Torow N, Hornef MW. The Neonatal Window of Opportunity: Setting the Stage for Life-Long Host-Microbial Interaction and Immune Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:557-563. [PMID: 28069750 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of a neonatal window was first highlighted by epidemiological studies that revealed the particular importance of this early time in life for the susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases in humans. Recently, the first animal studies emerged that present examples of early-life exposure-triggered persisting immune events, allowing a detailed analysis of the factors that define this particular time period. The enteric microbiota and the innate and adaptive immune system represent prime candidates that impact on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases and are known to reach a lasting homeostatic equilibrium following a dynamic priming period after birth. In this review, we outline the postnatal establishment of the microbiota and maturation of the innate and adaptive immune system and discuss examples of early-life exposure-triggered immune-mediated diseases that start to shed light on the critical importance of the early postnatal period for life-long immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Torow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Hou TY, Davidson LA, Kim E, Fan YY, Fuentes NR, Triff K, Chapkin RS. Nutrient-Gene Interaction in Colon Cancer, from the Membrane to Cellular Physiology. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 36:543-70. [PMID: 27431370 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans" on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be used as a chemopreventive strategy. Bioactive dietary molecules, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, curcumin, and fermentable fiber, have been proposed to exert chemoprotective effects, and their molecular mechanisms have been the focus of research in the dietary/chemoprevention field. Using these bioactives as examples, this review surveys the proposed mechanisms by which they exert their effects, from the nucleus to the cellular membrane. In addition, we discuss emerging technologies involving the culturing of colonic organoids to study the physiological effects of dietary bioactives. Finally, we address future challenges to the field regarding the identification of additional molecular mechanisms and other bioactive dietary molecules that can be utilized in our fight to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Hou
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Karen Triff
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843;
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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21
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Zwittink RD, van Zoeren-Grobben D, Martin R, van Lingen RA, Groot Jebbink LJ, Boeren S, Renes IB, van Elburg RM, Belzer C, Knol J. Metaproteomics reveals functional differences in intestinal microbiota development of preterm infants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1610-1620. [PMID: 28684633 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system can be modulated by the gut microbiota. Establishment of the intestinal microbiota, in its turn, is affected by host and environmental factors. As such, development of the gut microbiota is greatly impacted in preterm infants, who have an immature gut and are exposed to factors like hospitalization, caesarean section, antibiotics, and respiratory support. DESIGN We analyzed fecal microbiota composition and activity of ten preterm infants (gestational age 25-30 weeks; birthweight 630-1750 g) during the first six postnatal weeks through metaproteomics (LC-MS/MS) and 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS A gestational-age-dependent microbial signature is observed, enabling microbiota-based differentiation between extremely preterm (25-27 weeks gestation) and very preterm (30 weeks gestation) infants. In very preterm infants, the intestinal microbiota developed toward a Bifidobacterium-dominated community and was associated with high abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Extremely preterm infants remained predominantly colonized by facultative anaerobes and were associated with proteins involved in membrane transport and translation. Delayed colonization by obligate anaerobes could be associated with antibiotic treatment and respiratory support. CONCLUSION We speculate that gestational age and its associated intensity of care (e.g. antibiotics and respiratory support) affects intestinal microbiota composition and activity in preterm infants. As the gut microbiota plays a major role in development of the neonate, gestational age and its associated factors could set the stage for early and later life health complications via interference with microbiota development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy D Zwittink
- From the ‡Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard A van Lingen
- §Princess Amalia Dept. of Paediatrics, Dept. of Neonatology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjef Boeren
- ‖Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- ¶Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,**Emma Children's Hospital, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- From the ‡Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands;
| | - Jan Knol
- From the ‡Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,¶Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Furchtgott LA, Melton S, Menon V, Ramanathan S. Discovering sparse transcription factor codes for cell states and state transitions during development. eLife 2017; 6:e20488. [PMID: 28296636 PMCID: PMC5352226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational analysis of gene expression to determine both the sequence of lineage choices made by multipotent cells and to identify the genes influencing these decisions is challenging. Here we discover a pattern in the expression levels of a sparse subset of genes among cell types in B- and T-cell developmental lineages that correlates with developmental topologies. We develop a statistical framework using this pattern to simultaneously infer lineage transitions and the genes that determine these relationships. We use this technique to reconstruct the early hematopoietic and intestinal developmental trees. We extend this framework to analyze single-cell RNA-seq data from early human cortical development, inferring a neocortical-hindbrain split in early progenitor cells and the key genes that could control this lineage decision. Our work allows us to simultaneously infer both the identity and lineage of cell types as well as a small set of key genes whose expression patterns reflect these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Furchtgott
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Biophysics Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Samuel Melton
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Vilas Menon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Sharad Ramanathan
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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23
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Knight JM, Kim E, Ivanov I, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Hullar MAJ, Randolph TW, Kaz AM, Levy L, Lampe JW, Chapkin RS. Comprehensive site-specific whole genome profiling of stromal and epithelial colonic gene signatures in human sigmoid colon and rectal tissue. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:651-9. [PMID: 27401218 PMCID: PMC5111881 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of associations between various exposures (e.g., diet, tobacco, chemopreventive agents) and colorectal cancer risk may partially depend on the complex interaction between epithelium and stroma across anatomic subsites. Currently, baseline data describing genome-wide coding and long noncoding gene expression profiles in the healthy colon specific to tissue type and location are lacking. Therefore, colonic mucosal biopsies from 10 healthy participants who were enrolled in a clinical study to evaluate effects of lignan supplementation on gut resiliency were used to characterize the site-specific global gene expression signatures associated with stromal vs. epithelial cells in the sigmoid colon and rectum. Using RNA-seq, we demonstrate that tissue type and location patterns of gene expression and upstream regulatory pathways are distinct. For example, consistent with a key role of stroma in the crypt niche, mRNAs associated with immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes (i.e., CXCL14, ANTXR1), smooth muscle contraction (CALD1), proliferation and apoptosis (GLP2R, IGFBP3), and modulation of extracellular matrix (MMP2, COL3A1, MFAP4) were all highly expressed in the stroma. In comparison, HOX genes (HOXA3, HOXD9, HOXD10, HOXD11, and HOXD-AS2, a HOXD cluster antisense RNA 2), and WNT5B expression were also significantly higher in sigmoid colon compared with the rectum. These findings provide strong impetus for considering colorectal tissue subtypes and location in future observational studies and clinical trials designed to evaluate the effects of exposures on colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Knight
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Meredith A J Hullar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Andrew M Kaz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and Gastroenterology Section, VA Puget Sound Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa Levy
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;
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24
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Cernada M, Bäuerl C, Serna E, Collado MC, Martínez GP, Vento M. Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25497. [PMID: 27180802 PMCID: PMC4867619 DOI: 10.1038/srep25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants. Neonatal microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immune system maturation. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated to inflammatory disorders; however, a link with sepsis in the neonatal period has not yet been established. We aimed to analyze gut microbiota and mucosal gene expression using non-invasively obtained samples to provide with an integrative perspective of host-microbe interactions in neonatal sepsis. For this purpose, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in septic preterm dizygotic twins and their non-septic twin controls. Fecal samples were used for both microbiota analysis and host genome-wide expression using exfoliated intestinal cells. Gene expression of exfoliated intestinal cells in septic preterm showed an induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in the gut and pro-oxidant profile that caused dysbiosis in the gut microbiota with predominance of Enterobacteria and reduction of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp.in fecal samples, leading to a global reduction of beneficial anaerobic bacteria. Sepsis in preterm infants induced low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut mucosa, and also changes in the gut microbiota. This study highlights the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in neonatal sepsis on gut microbial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cernada
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology. University &Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez Martínez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Spanish Maternal and Child Health and Development Network Retics Red SAMID, Health Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Efficient Genome-Wide Sequencing and Low-Coverage Pedigree Analysis from Noninvasively Collected Samples. Genetics 2016; 203:699-714. [PMID: 27098910 PMCID: PMC4896188 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.187492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the genetics of natural populations was revolutionized in the 1990s by methods for genotyping noninvasively collected samples. However, these methods have remained largely unchanged for the past 20 years and lag far behind the genomics era. To close this gap, here we report an optimized laboratory protocol for genome-wide capture of endogenous DNA from noninvasively collected samples, coupled with a novel computational approach to reconstruct pedigree links from the resulting low-coverage data. We validated both methods using fecal samples from 62 wild baboons, including 48 from an independently constructed extended pedigree. We enriched fecal-derived DNA samples up to 40-fold for endogenous baboon DNA and reconstructed near-perfect pedigree relationships even with extremely low-coverage sequencing. We anticipate that these methods will be broadly applicable to the many research systems for which only noninvasive samples are available. The lab protocol and software (“WHODAD”) are freely available at www.tung-lab.org/protocols-and-software.html and www.xzlab.org/software.html, respectively.
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26
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Bernstein RM, Hinde K. Bioactive factors in milk across lactation: Maternal effects and influence on infant growth in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 2016; 78:838-50. [PMID: 27029025 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among mammals, numerous bioactive factors in milk vary across mothers and influence offspring outcomes. This emerging area of research has primarily investigated such dynamics within rodent biomedical models, domesticated dairy breeds, and among humans in clinical contexts. Less understood are signaling factors in the milk of non-human primates. Here, we report on multiple bioactive components in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk and their associations with maternal and infant characteristics. Milk samples were collected from 59 macaques at multiple time points across lactation in conjunction with maternal and infant morphometrics and life-history animal records. Milk was assayed for adiponectin (APN), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R), and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2 ). Regression models were constructed to assess the contributions of maternal factors on variation in milk bioactives, and on the relationship of this variation to infant body mass and growth. Maternal body mass, parity, social rank, and infant sex were all predictive of concentrations of milk bioactives. Primiparous mothers produced milk with higher adiponectin, but lower EGF, than multiparous mothers. Heavier mothers produced milk with lower EGF and EGF-R, but higher TGF-β2 . Mothers of daughters produced milk with higher TGF-β2 . Mid-ranking mothers produced milk with higher mean EGF and adiponectin concentrations than low-ranking mothers. Milk EGF and EGF-R were positively associated with infant body mass and growth rate. Importantly, these signaling bioactives (APN, EGF, EGF-R, and TGF-β2 ) were significantly correlated with nutritional values of milk. The effects of milk signals remained after controlling for the available energy in milk revealing the added physiological role of non-nutritive milk bioactives in the developing infant. Integrating analyses of energetic and other bioactive components of milk yields an important perspective for interpreting the magnitude, sources, and consequences of inter-individual variation in milk synthesis. Am. J. Primatol. 78:838-850, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Bernstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Health and Society Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, California
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27
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28
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Yu J, Ordiz MI, Stauber J, Shaikh N, Trehan I, Barnell E, Head RD, Maleta K, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Includes a Broad Spectrum of Inflammatory Responses and Epithelial Repair Processes. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:158-174.e1. [PMID: 26973864 PMCID: PMC4769221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic diffuse inflammation of the small intestine, is associated with stunting in children in the developing world. The pathobiology of EED is poorly understood because of the lack of a method to elucidate the host response. This study tested a novel microarray method to overcome limitation of RNA sequencing to interrogate the host transcriptome in feces in Malawian children with EED. METHODS In 259 children, EED was measured by lactulose permeability (%L). After isolating low copy numbers of host messenger RNA, the transcriptome was reliably and reproducibly profiled, validated by polymerase chain reaction. Messenger RNA copy number then was correlated with %L and differential expression in EED. The transcripts identified were mapped to biological pathways and processes. The children studied had a range of %L values, consistent with a spectrum of EED from none to severe. RESULTS We identified 12 transcripts associated with the severity of EED, including chemokines that stimulate T-cell proliferation, Fc fragments of multiple immunoglobulin families, interferon-induced proteins, activators of neutrophils and B cells, and mediators that dampen cellular responses to hormones. EED-associated transcripts mapped to pathways related to cell adhesion, and responses to a broad spectrum of viral, bacterial, and parasitic microbes. Several mucins, regulatory factors, and protein kinases associated with the maintenance of the mucous layer were expressed less in children with EED than in normal children. CONCLUSIONS EED represents the activation of diverse elements of the immune system and is associated with widespread intestinal barrier disruption. Differentially expressed transcripts, appropriately enumerated, should be explored as potential biomarkers.
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Key Words
- %L, lactulose permeability
- EED, environmental enteric dysfunction
- Environmental Enteropathy
- FARMS, factor analyses for robust microarray summarization
- Fecal Transcriptome
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony–stimulating factor
- HAZ, height-for-age z score
- IRON, iterative rank order normalization
- Intestinal Inflammation
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- RMA, robust multi-array average
- Stunting
- dHAZ, change in height-for-age z score
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Stauber
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erica Barnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard D. Head
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ken Maleta
- Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mark J. Manary, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, One Children's Place, St. Louis Children's Hospital St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 454-4345.Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri 63110
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29
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Comparing photosynthetic characteristics of Isoetes sinensis Palmer under submerged and terrestrial conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17783. [PMID: 26634994 PMCID: PMC4669503 DOI: 10.1038/srep17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is widespread in terrestrial and aquatic species, plastic in response to environmental changes. Isoetes L. is one of the earliest basal vascular plants and CAM is popular in this genus. Isoetes sinensis Palmer is an amphibious species, alternating frequently between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Given this, we investigated and compared photosynthetic characteristics over a diurnal cycle under submerged condition (SC) and terrestrial condition (TC). The results suggest that I. sinensis possesses a stronger CAM capacity under SC. Compared with under TC, titratable acidity levels and organic acid concentrations were more enriched under SC, whereas soluble sugar or starch and protein levels were lower under SC. Transcript analyses for nine photosynthetic genes revealed that CAM-associated genes possessed high transcripts under SC, but C3-related transcripts were highly expressed under TC. In addition, the enzyme activity measurements demonstrated that PEPC activity over a diurnal cycle was slightly higher under SC, whereas Rubisco activity during the daytime was greater under TC. This comprehensive study probably facilitates general understandings about the CAM photosynthetic characteristics of Isoetes in response to the environmental changes.
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30
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Taher L, Pfeiffer MJ, Fuellen G. Bioinformatics approaches to single-blastomere transcriptomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:115-25. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Donovan SM, Wang M, Monaco MH, Martin CR, Davidson LA, Ivanov I, Chapkin RS. Noninvasive molecular fingerprinting of host-microbiome interactions in neonates. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4112-9. [PMID: 25042036 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The early postnatal period is a critical window for intestinal and immune maturation. Intestinal development and microbiome diversity and composition differ between breast- (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants. Mechanistic examination into host-microbe relationships in healthy infants has been hindered by ethical constraints surrounding tissue biopsies. Thus, a statistically rigorous analytical framework to simultaneously examine both host and microbial responses to dietary/environmental factors using exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells was developed. Differential expression of ∼1200 genes, including genes regulating intestinal proliferation, differentiation and barrier function, was observed between BF and FF term infants. Canonical correlation analysis uncovered a relationship between microbiome virulence genes and host immunity and defense genes. Lastly, exfoliated cells from preterm and term infants were compared. Pathways associated with immune cell function and inflammation were up-regulated in preterm, whereas cell growth-related genes were up-regulated in the term infants. Thus, coordinate measurement of the transcriptomes of exfoliated epithelial cells and microbiome allows inquiry into mutualistic host-microbe interactions in the infant, which can be used to prospectively study gut development or, retrospectively, to identify potential triggers of disease in banked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marcia H Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science and Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
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