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Lou Y, Li Z, Zheng H, Yuan Z, Li W, Zhang J, Shen W, Gao Y, Ran N, Kong X, Feng S. New strategy to treat spinal cord injury: Nafamostat mesilate suppressed NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis during acute phase. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112190. [PMID: 38703569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition for which effective clinical treatment is currently lacking. During the acute phase of SCI, myriad pathological changes give rise to subsequent secondary injury. The results of our previous studies indicated that treating rats post-SCI with nafamostat mesilate (NM) protected the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and exerted an antiapoptotic effect. However, the optimal dosage for mice with SCI and the underlying mechanisms potentially contributing to recovery, especially during the acute phase of SCI, have not been determined. In this study, we first determined the optimal dosage of NM for mice post-SCI (5 mg/kg/day). Subsequently, our RNA-seq findings revealed that NM has the potential to inhibit pyroptosis after SCI. These findings were further substantiated by subsequent Western blot (WB) and Immunofluorescence (IF) analyses in vivo. These results indicate that NM can alleviate NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3)-mediated pyroptosis by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the protein expression levels of NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) and cathepsin B (CTSB). In vitro experimental results supported our in vivo findings, revealing the effectiveness of NM in suppressing pyroptosis induced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BV2 cells. These results underscore the potential of NM to regulate NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis following SCI. Notably, compared with other synthetic compounds, NM exhibits greater versatility, suggesting that it is a promising clinical treatment option for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongze Yuan
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
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Afzal A, Thomas N, Warraich Z, Barbay S, Mocco J. Hematopoietic Endothelial Progenitor cells enhance motor function and cortical motor map integrity following cerebral ischemia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2024:RNN231378. [PMID: 38820024 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-231378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are recruited to ischemic areas in the brain and contribute to improved functional outcome in animals. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms of improvement following HSC administration post cerebral ischemia. To better understand how HSC effect post-stroke improvement, we examined the effect of HSC in ameliorating motor impairment and cortical dysfunction following cerebral ischemia. Methods Baseline motor performance of male adult rats was established on validated motor tests. Animals were assigned to one of three experimental cohorts: control, stroke, stroke + HSC. One, three and five weeks following a unilateral stroke all animals were tested on motor skills after which intracortical microstimulation was used to derive maps of forelimb movement representations within the motor cortex ipsilateral to the ischemic injury. Results Stroke + HSC animals significantly outperformed stroke animals on single pellet reaching at weeks 3 and 5 (28±3% and 33±3% versus 11±4% and 17±3%, respectively, p < 0.05 at both time points). Control animals scored 44±1% and 47±1%, respectively. Sunflower seed opening task was significantly improved in the stroke + HSC cohort versus the stroke cohort at week five-post stroke (79±4 and 48±5, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, Stroke + HSC animals had significantly larger forelimb motor maps than animals in the stroke cohort. Overall infarct size did not significantly differ between the two stroked cohorts. Conclusion These data suggest that post stroke treatment of HSC enhances the functional integrity of residual cortical tissue, which in turn supports improved behavioral outcome, despite no observed reduction in infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Afzal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nagheme Thomas
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Scott Barbay
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, KS, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mount Sinai Health, New York, NY, USA
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Husain-Syed F, Takeuchi T, Neyra JA, Ramírez-Guerrero G, Rosner MH, Ronco C, Tolwani AJ. Acute kidney injury in neurocritical care. Crit Care 2023; 27:341. [PMID: 37661277 PMCID: PMC10475203 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with acute brain injury (ABI) also experience acute kidney injury (AKI), which worsens their outcomes. The metabolic and inflammatory changes associated with AKI likely contribute to prolonged brain injury and edema. As a result, recognizing its presence is important for effectively managing ABI and its sequelae. This review discusses the occurrence and effects of AKI in critically ill adults with neurological conditions, outlines potential mechanisms connecting AKI and ABI progression, and highlights AKI management principles. Tailored approaches include optimizing blood pressure, managing intracranial pressure, adjusting medication dosages, and assessing the type of administered fluids. Preventive measures include avoiding nephrotoxic drugs, improving hemodynamic and fluid balance, and addressing coexisting AKI syndromes. ABI patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) are more susceptible to neurological complications. RRT can negatively impact cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation, with effects tied to specific RRT methods. Continuous RRT is favored for better hemodynamic stability and lower risk of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome. Potential RRT modifications for ABI patients include adjusted dialysate and blood flow rates, osmotherapy, and alternate anticoagulation methods. Future research should explore whether these strategies enhance outcomes and if using novel AKI biomarkers can mitigate AKI-related complications in ABI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeq Husain-Syed
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Javier A Neyra
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero
- Critical Care Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, San Ignacio 725, Valparaíso, Chile
- Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Carlos Van Buren Hospital, San Ignacio 725, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Hontaneda 2653, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mitchell H Rosner
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Università di Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi, 37, 36100, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Ashita J Tolwani
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Schapovalova O, Gorlova A, de Munter J, Sheveleva E, Eropkin M, Gorbunov N, Sicker M, Umriukhin A, Lyubchyk S, Lesch KP, Strekalova T, Schroeter CA. Immunomodulatory effects of new phytotherapy on human macrophages and TLR4- and TLR7/8-mediated viral-like inflammation in mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:952977. [PMID: 36091684 PMCID: PMC9450044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.952977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While all efforts have been undertaken to propagate the vaccination and develop remedies against SARS-CoV-2, no satisfactory management of this infection is available yet. Moreover, poor availability of any preventive and treatment measures of SARS-CoV-2 in economically disadvantageous communities aggravates the course of the pandemic. Here, we studied a new immunomodulatory phytotherapy (IP), an extract of blackberry, chamomile, garlic, cloves, and elderberry as a potential low-cost solution for these problems given the reported efficacy of herbal medicine during the previous SARS virus outbreak. Methods The key feature of SARS-CoV-2 infection, excessive inflammation, was studied in in vitro and in vivo assays under the application of the IP. First, changes in tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) and lnteurleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) concentrations were measured in a culture of human macrophages following the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and treatment with IP or prednisolone. Second, chronically IP-pre-treated CD-1 mice received an agonist of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-7/8 resiquimod and were examined for lung and spleen expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and blood formula. Finally, chronically IP-pre-treated mice challenged with LPS injection were studied for “sickness” behavior. Additionally, the IP was analyzed using high-potency-liquid chromatography (HPLC)-high-resolution-mass-spectrometry (HRMS). Results LPS-induced in vitro release of TNF and IL-1β was reduced by both treatments. The IP-treated mice displayed blunted over-expression of SAA-2, ACE-2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 and decreased changes in blood formula in response to an injection with resiquimod. The IP-treated mice injected with LPS showed normalized locomotion, anxiety, and exploration behaviors but not abnormal forced swimming. Isoquercitrin, choline, leucine, chlorogenic acid, and other constituents were identified by HPLC-HRMS and likely underlie the IP immunomodulatory effects. Conclusions Herbal IP-therapy decreases inflammation and, partly, “sickness behavior,” suggesting its potency to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection first of all via its preventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Schapovalova
- Caparica Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVA Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University and Neuroplast BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Gorlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University and Neuroplast BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Federal Budgetary Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johannes de Munter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University and Neuroplast BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisaveta Sheveleva
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Federal Budgetary Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Eropkin
- Department of Etiology and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Gorbunov
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michail Sicker
- Rehabilitation Research Unit of Clinic of Bad Kreuzbach, Bad Kreuzbach, Germany
| | - Aleksei Umriukhin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergiy Lyubchyk
- Caparica Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, NOVA Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
- EIGES Center, Universidade Lusofona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University and Neuroplast BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University and Neuroplast BV, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Federal Budgetary Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tatyana Strekalova
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Zhao C, Zhou T, Zhao X, Pang Y, Li W, Fan B, Li M, Liu X, Ma L, Zhang J, Sun C, Shen W, Kong X, Yao X, Feng S. Delayed administration of nafamostat mesylate inhibits thrombin-mediated blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown during acute spinal cord injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:189. [PMID: 35842640 PMCID: PMC9287720 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nafamostat mesylate (nafamostat, NM) is an FDA-approved serine protease inhibitor that exerts anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effects following rat spinal cord injury (SCI). However, clinical translation of nafamostat has been limited by an unclear administration time window and mechanism of action. Methods Time to first dose of nafamostat administration was tested on rats after contusive SCI. The optimal time window of nafamostat was screened by evaluating hindlimb locomotion and electrophysiology. As nafamostat is a serine protease inhibitor known to target thrombin, we used argatroban (Arg), a thrombin-specific inhibitor, as a positive control in the time window experiments. Western blot and immunofluorescence of thrombin expression level and its enzymatic activity were assayed at different time points, as well its receptor, the protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and downstream protein matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). Blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability leakage indicator Evans Blue and fibrinogen were analyzed along these time points. The infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cell was observed by immunofluorescence. Results The optimal administration time window of nafamostat was 2–12 h post-injury. Argatroban, the thrombin-specific inhibitor, had a similar pattern. Thrombin expression peaked at 12 h and returned to normal level at 7 days post-SCI. PAR1, the thrombin receptor, and MMP9 were significantly upregulated after SCI. The most significant increase of thrombin expression was detected in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Nafamostat and argatroban significantly downregulated thrombin and MMP9 expression as well as thrombin activity in the spinal cord. Nafamostat inhibited thrombin enrichment in endothelial cells. Nafamostat administration at 2–12 h after SCI inhibited the leakage of Evans Blue in the epicenter and upregulated tight junction proteins (TJPs) expression. Nafamostat administration 8 h post-SCI effectively inhibited the infiltration of peripheral macrophages and neutrophils to the injury site. Conclusions Our study provides preclinical information of nafamostat about the administration time window of 2–12 h post-injury in contusive SCI. We revealed that nafamostat functions through inhibiting the thrombin-mediated BSCB breakdown and subsequent peripheral immune cells infiltration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02531-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Cruz-Llanos L, Molano A, Rizo-Topete L. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Brain Injury. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:853677. [PMID: 37675018 PMCID: PMC10479622 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.853677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injury is the sudden and reversible loss of brain self regulation capacity as a disruption of the blood-brain barrier that conditions metabolic and inflammatory disorders that can exacerbate acute kidney injury in a critical setting; specifically it has been described that the alterations of the internal environment that come from the severity of the acute kidney injury increases the risk of endocranial hypertension and cerebral edema; in this context, injuries should be identified and treated in a timely manner with a comprehensive approach. Continuous renal replacement therapy is an extracorporeal purification technique that has been gaining ground in the management of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Within its modalities, continuous venous venous hemofiltration is described as the therapy of choice in patients with acute brain injury due to its advantages in maintaining hemodynamic stability and reducing the risk of cerebral edema. Optimal control of variables such as timing to start renal replacement therapy, the prescribed dose, the composition of the replacement fluid and the anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit will have a significant impact on the evolution of the neurocritical patient with acute kidney injury. There are limited studies evaluating the role of hemofiltration in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruz-Llanos
- Nephrology Service, National Cardiovascular Institute “Carlos Alberto Peschiera Carrillo”, Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandra Molano
- Renal Therapy Service, Cardioinfantil Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lilia Rizo-Topete
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM), Monterrey, Mexico
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Yates AG, Weglinski CM, Ying Y, Dunstan IK, Strekalova T, Anthony DC. Nafamostat reduces systemic inflammation in TLR7-mediated virus-like illness. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:8. [PMID: 34991643 PMCID: PMC8734544 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serine protease inhibitor nafamostat has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19, by inhibiting TMPRSS2-mediated viral cell entry. Nafamostat has been shown to have other, immunomodulatory effects, which may be beneficial for treatment, however animal models of ssRNA virus infection are lacking. In this study, we examined the potential of the dual TLR7/8 agonist R848 to mimic the host response to an ssRNA virus infection and the associated behavioural response. In addition, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of nafamostat in this model. METHODS CD-1 mice received an intraperitoneal injection of R848 (200 μg, prepared in DMSO, diluted 1:10 in saline) or diluted DMSO alone, and an intravenous injection of either nafamostat (100 μL, 3 mg/kg in 5% dextrose) or 5% dextrose alone. Sickness behaviour was determined by temperature, food intake, sucrose preference test, open field and forced swim test. Blood and fresh liver, lung and brain were collected 6 h post-challenge to measure markers of peripheral and central inflammation by blood analysis, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. RESULTS R848 induced a robust inflammatory response, as evidenced by increased expression of TNF, IFN-γ, CXCL1 and CXCL10 in the liver, lung and brain, as well as a sickness behaviour phenotype. Exogenous administration of nafamostat suppressed the hepatic inflammatory response, significantly reducing TNF and IFN-γ expression, but had no effect on lung or brain cytokine production. R848 administration depleted circulating leukocytes, which was restored by nafamostat treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that R848 administration provides a useful model of ssRNA virus infection, which induces inflammation in the periphery and CNS, and virus infection-like illness. In turn, we show that nafamostat has a systemic anti-inflammatory effect in the presence of the TLR7/8 agonist. Therefore, the results indicate that nafamostat has anti-inflammatory actions, beyond its ability to inhibit TMPRSS2, that might potentiate its anti-viral actions in pathologies such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline M Weglinski
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuxin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Isobel K Dunstan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, UK.
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Matsubara H, Imai T, Tsuji S, Oka N, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Iwama T, Hara H. Nafamostat protects against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:65-72. [PMID: 34924132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nafamostat, a serin protease inhibitor, in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in male mice. Nafamostat was administered intraperitoneally four times immediately after SAH induction. Cerebral blood flow, neurological behavior tests, SAH grade and protein expression were evaluated at 24 h after SAH induction. In the in vitro model, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), HBVECs were exposed to thrombin and hypoxia for 24 h; nafamostat was administered and the protein expression was evaluated. Eighty-eight mice were included in the in vivo study. Fifteen mice (17%) were excluded because of death or procedure failure. Nafamostat exerted no significant effect on the SAH grade or cerebral blood flow; however, it improved the neurological behavior and suppressed the thrombin and MMP-9 expression. In addition, nafamostat suppressed the ICAM-1 expression and p38 phosphorylation in the in vitro study. Nafamostat has a protective effect against HBMVEC after exposure to thrombin and hypoxia, suggesting its role in improving the neurological outcomes after SAH. These findings indicate that nafamostat has the potential to be a novel therapeutic drug in the management of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Matsubara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuji
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsumi Oka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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9
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang T, Hou Y, Wang P, Liu Y, Yuan L, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates thromboembolic stroke injury in rats by reducing thromboinflammation. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105108. [PMID: 34175350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke induced by permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PF11 on thromboembolic stroke in rats and its possible mechanisms on thromboinflammation. PF11 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) once a day for 3 consecutive days to male Wistar rats followed by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO). The results showed that PF11 significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits induced by eMCAO. Meanwhile, the thromboinflammation in the ischemic hemisphere was observed at 24 h after eMCAO, as indicated by the increased number of microvascular thrombus and inflammatory response. Moreover, eMCAO resulted in the up-regulation of platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) and VI (GPVI), as well as the activation of contact-kinin pathway. Notably, PF11 significantly reversed all these changes. Furthermore, PF11 prevented the eMCAO-induced loss of tight junction proteins and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thus leading to the alleviation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In conclusion, the present study revealed that thromboinflammation was induced in the ischemic hemisphere of rats after eMCAO and PF11 exerted marked protective effects against thromboembolic stroke by attenuating thromboinflammation and preventing BBB damage. This research further identifies the potential therapeutic role of PF11 for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Tan'an, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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10
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Bhuiyan P, Chen Y, Karim M, Dong H, Qian Y. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: Avenues for therapeutic intervention. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:61-78. [PMID: 33892083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been steadily increasing, especially in adults, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., mast cells and microglia) and subsequent neuroinflammation. Mast cells are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in "tuning" neuroimmune responses. The complex bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota coordinates various dynamic neuro-cellular responses, which propagates neuronal impulses from the gastrointestinal tract into the CNS. Numerous inflammatory mediators from degranulated mast cells alter intestinal gut permeability and disrupt blood-brain barrier, which results in the promotion of neuroinflammatory processes leading to neurological disorders, thereby offsetting the balance in immune-surveillance. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that gut-microbiota exert a pivotal role in inflammatory signaling through the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Communication between inflammatory cytokines and neurocircuits via the gut-brain axis (GBA) affects behavioral responses, activates mast cells and microglia that causes neuroinflammation, which is associated with neurological diseases. In this comprehensive review, we focus on what is currently known about mast cells and the gut-brain axis relationship, and how this relationship is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that further elucidating the bidirectional communication between mast cells and the GBA will not only stimulate future research on neurodegenerative diseases but will also identify new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Mazharul Karim
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Science, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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11
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Sun C, Li B, Duan H, Tao B, Zhao C, Li W, Pang Y, Fan B, Feng S. Cytokine expressions of spinal cord injury treated by neurotropin and nafamostat mesylate. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:489. [PMID: 33850886 PMCID: PMC8039678 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe physical disability and sensory dysfunction. Neurotropin (NTP) has been used clinically to alleviate neuropathic pain, while nafamostat mesylate (NM) used clinical on pancreatitis patients through inhibiting synthetic serine protease. Our previous studies showed that NTP and NM were able to repair SCI. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored after treatment with these 2 different drugs. Methods The drugs NTP and NM were administered on a contusion SCI Wistar rat model. Cytokine array analysis was performed to describe the changes of 67 proteins after acute SCI. Hierarchical clustering and volcano plot analysis were conducted to clarify protein change profiles. The differently expressed proteins related to biological processes were analyzed by functional protein association networks, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis. Flow cytometric analysis was detected to reflect the activation of immune system after drug intervention, while withdrawal threshold and BBB score were detected to evaluated the mechanical allodynia and functional recovery after SCI. Results HGF, β-NGF, and activin were the 3 most upregulated proteins, while the receptor for RAGE, IL-1α, and TNF-α were the 3 most downregulated proteins after NTP treatment. Adiponectin, decorin and CTACK were the 3 most upregulated proteins, while RAGE, IL-1α, and IL-1β were the 3 most downregulated proteins in the NM group. Number of lymphocytes was decreased while BBB score was increased both in NTP and NM group. But only NTP could improve mechanical pain threshold after SCI. Conclusions The PI3K-Akt, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and apoptosis might participate in SCI restoration by NTP, while the MAPK and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway may participated in repairing SCI with NM. We concluded that NTP regulated the microenvironment via a neuroprotective effect and inhibition of inflammation to repair SCI, while NM healed SCI through an anti-inflammatory effect. Both NTP and NM could down-regulate the activation of immune system and improve the functional recovery while only NTP could improve the pathological neuralgia after SCI. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of these 2 clinical drugs indicates that they their expected to be effective clinical treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Cheng L, Ma X, Luo X. Exendin-4 induces a novel extended effect of ischemic tolerance via crosstalk with IGF-1R. Brain Res Bull 2020; 169:145-155. [PMID: 33197537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4), a drug that has been used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, also confers a neuroprotective effect against stroke. Although GLP-1 analogs were reported to induce sustained insulin secretion and glucose tolerance improved after cessation of treatment, no study has revealed whether Ex-4 exerts sustained neuroprotection against stroke and the underlying mechanism after treatment cessation. In this study, mice were pretreated with Ex-4 for 7 days, and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on different days after cessation of Ex-4 treatment. Ex-4 ameliorated neurological dysfunction and reduced the infarct volume induced by MCAO. These protective effects lasted for 6 days after the cessation of Ex-4 treatment and were associated with sustained upregulation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and HIF-1α levels, as well as HIF-1α downstream genes. Knockdown of GLP-1R or HIF-1α in the brain by short hairpin RNA abolished Ex-4 treatment-mediated neuroprotection. In normal mice, Ex-4 treatment led to instant upregulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and HIF-1α expression levels, which quickly returned to normal after cessation of Ex-4 treatment, while the expression levels of insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remained high for 6 days after Ex-4 cessation. Additionally, Ex-4 did not directly induce IGF-1 production, which was only induced by MCAO. Ex-4 induces extended cerebral ischemic tolerance. This neuroprotective effect is associated with activation of GLP-1R and upregulation of IGF-1R in the brain, and the latter then activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling pathway via binding to IGF-1 secreted from the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- Department of Neurology Impatient, the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liusiyuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Long Y, Yang Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wan J, Liu S, Li N, Peng W. Nose to brain drug delivery - A promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104795. [PMID: 32278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI), one of the major causes of death from stroke in the world, not only causes tremendous damage to human health, but also brings heavy economic burden to society. Current available treatments for CIRI, including mechanical therapies and drug therapies, are often accompanied by significant side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discovery new strategies for treating CIRI. Many studies have confirmed that the herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant resources, good curative effect and little side effects, which can be used as potential drug for treatment of CIRI through multiple targets. It's known that oral administration commonly has low bioavailability, and injection administration is inconvenient and unsafe. Many drugs can't delivery to brain through routine pathways due to the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Interestingly, increasing evidences have suggested the nasal administration is a potential direct route to transport drug into brain avoiding the BBB and has the characteristics of high bioavailability for treating brain diseases. Therefore, intranasal administration can be treated as an alternative way to treat brain diseases. In the present review, effective methods to treat CIRI by using active ingredients derived from herbal medicine through nose to brain drug delivery (NBDD) are updated and discussed, and some related pharmacological mechanisms have also been emphasized. Our present study would be beneficial for the further drug development of natural agents from herbal medicines via NBDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Songyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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14
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Ghali GZ, Ghali MGZ. Nafamostat mesylate attenuates the pathophysiologic sequelae of neurovascular ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2217-2234. [PMID: 32594033 PMCID: PMC7749469 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate, an apparent soi-disant panacea of sorts, is widely used to anticoagulate patients undergoing hemodialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass, mitigate the inflammatory response in patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, and reverse the coagulopathy of patients experiencing the commonly preterminal disseminated intravascular coagulation in the Far East. The serine protease inhibitor nafamostat mesylate exhibits significant neuroprotective effects in the setting of neurovascular ischemia. Nafamostat mesylate generates neuroprotective effects by attenuating the enzymatic activity of serine proteases, neuroinflammatory signaling cascades, and the endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, downregulating excitotoxic transient receptor membrane channel subfamily 7 cationic currents, modulating the activity of intracellular signal transduction pathways, and supporting neuronal survival (brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB/ERK1/2/CREB, nuclear factor kappa B. The effects collectively reduce neuronal necrosis and apoptosis and prevent ischemia mediated disruption of blood-brain barrier microarchitecture. Investigational clinical applications of these compounds may mitigate ischemic reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac, hepatic, renal, or intestinal transplant, preventing allograft rejection, and treating solid organ malignancies. Neuroprotective effects mediated by nafamostat mesylate support the wise conduct of randomized prospective controlled trials in Western countries to evaluate the clinical utility of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zaki Ghali
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA; Department of Toxicology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael George Zaki Ghali
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Fuwa M, Kageyama M, Ohashi K, Sasaoka M, Sato R, Tanaka M, Tashiro K. Nafamostat and sepimostat identified as novel neuroprotective agents via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism using a rat retinal excitotoxicity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20409. [PMID: 31892740 PMCID: PMC6938488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in the treatment of pancreatitis, the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat exhibits a retinal protective effect. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and its orally active derivative sepimostat against excitotoxicity were further characterised in vitro and in vivo. In primary rat cortical neurons, nafamostat completely suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cell death. Intravitreal injection of nafamostat and sepimostat protected the rat retina against NMDA-induced degeneration, whereas the structurally related compounds, gabexate and camostat, did not. The neuroprotective effects of nafamostat and the NR2B antagonist ifenprodil were remarkably suppressed by spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine that modulates the NR2B subunit. Both nafamostat and sepimostat inhibited [3H]ifenprodil binding to fractionated rat brain membranes. Thus, nafamostat and sepimostat may exert neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic retinal degeneration through NMDA receptor antagonism at the ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fuwa
- Research and Development, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kageyama
- Global Alliances and External Research, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Research and Development, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sasaoka
- Global Alliances and External Research, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sato
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Tashiro
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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16
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Sun H, Li A, Hou T, Tao X, Chen M, Wu C, Chen S, Zhu L, Liao H. Neurogenesis promoted by the CD200/CD200R signaling pathway following treadmill exercise enhances post-stroke functional recovery in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:354-371. [PMID: 31513876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide; survivors often show sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. Therapeutic exercise is the most common treatment strategy for rehabilitating patients with stroke via augmentation of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neurotrophic factors expression, and synaptogenesis. Neurogenesis plays important roles in sensorimotor and cognitive functional recovery, and can be promoted by exercise; however, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of treadmill exercise on sensorimotor and cognitive functional recovery, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of neurogenesis in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We found that treadmill exercise facilitated sensorimotor and cognitive functional recovery after tMCAO, and that neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration were enhanced in the ipsilateral subventricular and subgranular zones after tMCAO. Meanwhile, the newborn neurons induced by treadmill exercise after tMCAO had the similar function with pre-existing neurons. Treadmill exercise significantly increased CD200 and CD200 receptor (CD200R) levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus and cortex. Further study revealed that treadmill exercise-induced neurogenesis and functional recovery were clearly inhibited, while Il-β and Tnf-α expression were upregulated, following lentivirus (LV)-induced suppression of post-stroke CD200R expression. Consistent with the effect of treadmill exercise, CD200Fc (a CD200R agonist) markedly promoted neurogenesis and functional recovery after stroke. In addition, CD200Fc could further enhance the functional recovery induced by treadmill exercise after stroke. Our results demonstrate the beneficial role of treadmill exercise in promoting neurogenesis and functional recovery via activating the CD200/CD200R signaling pathway and improving the inflammatory environment after stroke. Thus, the CD200/CD200R signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shujian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of National Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China.
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17
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Chen X, Xu Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Liu W, Qian L, Wei J, Yang X, Shen Q, Gong Z, Yan Y. The Molecular Aspect of Antitumor Effects of Protease Inhibitor Nafamostat Mesylate and Its Role in Potential Clinical Applications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:852. [PMID: 31552177 PMCID: PMC6733886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor first placed on the market by Japan Tobacco in 1986, has been approved to treat inflammatory-related diseases, such as pancreatitis. Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the promising effects of NM in inhibiting cancer progression. Alone or in combination treatments, studies have shown that NM attenuates various malignant tumors, including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, gallbladder, and hepatocellular cancers. In this review, based on several activating pathways, including the canonical Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling pathway, and tumorigenesis-related tryptase secreted by mast cells, we summarize the anticancer properties of NM in existing studies both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the efficacy and side effects of NM in cancer patients are summarized in detail. To further clarify NM's antitumor activities, clinical trials devoted to validating the clinical applications and underlying mechanisms are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Choucry AM, Al-Shorbagy MY, Attia AS, El-Abhar HS. Pharmacological Manipulation of Trk, p75NTR, and NGF Balance Restores Memory Deficit in Global Ischemia/Reperfusion Model in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:78-90. [PMID: 30863991 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term memory impairment is reported in more than 50% of cardiac arrest survivors. Monosialoganglioside (GM1) provided neuroprotection in experimental models of stroke but failed to replicate its promise clinically for unknown reasons. GM1 stimulates the release of nerve growth factor (NGF), which is synthesized as a precursor protein (pro-NGF) that either mediates apoptosis through the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) or is cleaved by the protease furin (FUR) to yield mature NGF, the latter supporting survival through tropomyosin kinase receptor (Trk). The flavanol epicatechin (EPI) inhibits p75NTR-mediated signaling and apoptosis by pro-NGF. The aim of the current work is to test whether these two drugs affect, or communicate with, each other in the setting of CNS injuries. Using the two-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), we tested if pharmacological modulation of Trk, p75NTR, and NGF balance with GM1, EPI, and their combination, can correct the memory deficit that follows this insult. Finally, we tested if FUR insufficiency and/or p75NTR-mediated apoptosis negatively affect the neurotherapeutic effect of GM1. Key proteins for Trk and p75NTR, FUR, and both forms of NGF were assessed. All treatment regiments successfully improved spatial memory retention and acquisition. A week after the insult, most Trk and p75NTR proteins were normal, but pro/mature NGF ratio remained sharply elevated and was associated with the poorest memory performance. Pharmacological correction of this balance was achieved by reinforcing Trk and p75NTR signaling. GM1 increased FUR levels, while concomitant administration of EPI weakened GM1 effect on pro-survival Trk and p75NTR mediators. GM1 neuroprotection is therefore not limited by FUR but could be dependent on p75NTR. Graphical Abstract "."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Choucry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Muhammad Yusuf Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., Cairo, 11562, Egypt. .,School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Sherif Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan Salah El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Overexpression of miR-582-5p Inhibits the Apoptosis of Neuronal Cells after Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Through Regulating PAR-1/Rho/Rho Axis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:149-155. [PMID: 30327244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the role of miR-582-5p/proteinase-activated receptors type I (PAR-1)/Rho/Rho in neuronal cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). METHODS In vivo mouse model of CIS induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and in vitro model induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in N2A cells was established. The expressions of miR-582-5p, PAR-1, RhoA, and ROCKII in brain tissues and N2A cells were detected. Neuronal cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that miR-582-5p expression was decreased and the expressions of PAR-1, RhoA, and ROCKII were increased in CIS mice and OGD/R model. Moreover, miR-582-5p negatively regulated PAR-1, and overexpression of miR-582-5p inhibited the activation of Rho/Rho pathway by downregulating PAR-1, thus reducing OGD/R-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that miR-582-5p overexpression could regulate Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway via targeting PAR-1, thereby governing the apoptosis of neuronal cells after CIS.
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20
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Fang Y, Wang J, Yao L, Li C, Wang J, Liu Y, Tao X, Sun H, Liao H. The adhesion and migration of microglia to β-amyloid (Aβ) is decreased with aging and inhibited by Nogo/NgR pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:210. [PMID: 30029608 PMCID: PMC6054753 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by progressive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ)-containing amyloid plaques, and microglia play a critical role in internalization and degradation of Aβ. Our previous research confirmed that Nogo-66 binding to Nogo receptors (NgR) expressed on microglia inhibits cell adhesion and migration in vitro. Methods The adhesion and migration of microglia isolated from WT and APP/PS1 mice from different ages were measured by adhesion assays and transwells. After NEP1-40 (a competitive antagonist of Nogo/NgR pathway) was intracerebroventricularly administered via mini-osmotic pumps for 2 months in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, microglial recruitment toward Aβ deposits and CD36 expression were determined. Results In this paper, we found that aging led to a reduction of microglia adhesion and migration to fAβ1–42 in WT and APP/PS1 mice. The adhesion and migration of microglia to fAβ1–42 were downregulated by the Nogo, which was mediated by NgR, and the increased inhibitory effects of the Nogo could be observed in aged mice. Moreover, Rho GTPases contributed to the effects of the Nogo on adhesion and migration of microglia to fAβ1–42 by regulating cytoskeleton arrangement. Furthermore, blocking the Nogo/NgR pathway enhanced recruitment of microglia toward Aβ deposits and expression of CD36 in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion Taken together, Nogo/NgR pathway could take part in Aβ pathology in AD by modulating microglial adhesion and migration to Aβ and the Nogo/NgR pathway might be an important target for treating AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1250-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinquan Fang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lemeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang H, Wang J, Huang J, Shi T, Ma X, Luo X, Li X, Li M. Inhibiting Jumoji domain containing protein 3 (JMJD3) prevent neuronal apoptosis from stroke. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:132-142. [PMID: 30028997 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Control of p53 by histone methylation is closely related in the neuronal apoptosis following ischemic stroke. In mammalian cells, demethylation of methylated lysine residue of histones is catalyzed by Jumonji domain-containing proteins (JMJD) family. Among them, JMJD3 is reported to be a hypoxic target gene and expressed in all cell types of brain including neurons. However, the role of JMJD3 on process of neuronal apoptosis after ischemic stroke is still largely unknown. PCR, immunostaining and Western blotting results indicated that JMJD3 expression was upregulated in cultured neurons upon oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Jmjd3-/- neurons exhibited inhibited cell apoptosis and tolerance to the OGD injury. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter reporter assays showed that the underlying mechanism was through transcriptional activation of p53, thus altering the downstream Bax and Caspase-3 genes. Silencing Jmjd3 improved neurological deficit and reduced infarct volume following ischemic injury in vivo. The present study suggested that JMJD3 was a critical promoter of neuronal apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, and inhibition of JMJD3 might provide a new therapeutic intervention for treating cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Outpatient, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingyu Shi
- Basic Medical Academy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Impact of pre-admission treatment with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants on stroke severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 45:529-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-018-1634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Duan HQ, Wu QL, Yao X, Fan BY, Shi HY, Zhao CX, Zhang Y, Li B, Sun C, Kong XH, Zhou XF, Feng SQ. Nafamostat mesilate attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and promotes locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:429-438. [PMID: 29352519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe neural damage for which there is currently no effective treatment. Exploration of the neuroprotective effect among clinically approved drugs will speed up clinical translation of SCI. Nafamostat mesilate (NM) as a synthetic serine protease inhibitor has been used clinically in pancreatitis treatments. However, its effectiveness in SCI is unknown. The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy of NM in ameliorating SCI. METHODS Intraperitoneal administration of NM was performed on a contusion SCI model in Wistar rat. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) and Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining were used to observe the histological lesions. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Cytokines and neurotrophins were tested by Western blot. Locomotion recovery assessed by hindlimb BBB score and the inclined plane test. RESULTS Nafamostat mesilate treatment significantly improved locomotion recovery as assessed by hindlimb BBB scores and the inclined plane test. H&E staining and LFB staining showed a significant increase in spared tissue in both gray matter and white matter. NM decreased the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, apoptosis was also significantly decreased, as shown by TUNEL staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI and by Western blotting for caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression. Due to the mechanism of action of NM as a serine protease inhibitor, the drug decreased thrombin expression in the damaged spinal cord. Furthermore, NM increased the expression of neurotrophins (NT-3, BDNF, and NGF). CONCLUSIONS Upon NM treatment, the functional and histological outcomes were improved, and microenvironment upon SCI was modulated. As a clinically approved drug, NM holds promise for clinical use after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Quan Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Li Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-You Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacology and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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24
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Local Regulation of Thrombin Activity by Factor Xa in Peripheral Nerve Schwann Cells. Neuroscience 2017; 371:445-454. [PMID: 29292076 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin through its receptor plays an important role in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but the pathways leading to its generation there are not known. In the blood, activated factor X (FXa) which is formed from factor X (FX) by tissue factor (TF) and factor VII (FVII), cleaves prothrombin into thrombin. We here studied these factors in vivo in mouse sciatic nerve and in vitro in a Schwannoma cell line and provide mRNA, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry evidence that FX and FXa are expressed in the normal and injured peripheral nerve and in Schwannoma cells. Furthermore, TF and FVII were localized histologically to the node of Ranvier in the sciatic nerve. Adding exogenous FXa increased the thrombin levels in sciatic nerve (11.6 ± 1.6 mU/ml compared to 35.2 ± 6 mU/ml p = 0.02) and in Schwannoma cell line (4.5 ± 0.2 mU/ml compared to 18.1 ± 0.5 mU/ml p < 0.001), indicating a large reserve of prothrombin. In the injured nerve, FX mRNA was upregulated 1 day after injury compared to normal nerve (103 ± 38 versus 1 ± 0.3 FOI p < 0.001). FXa protein levels increased 1 h after the injury and then decreased significantly at 1 and 2 days following injury despite an increase in its precursor, FX. Injecting the selective FXa inhibitor apixaban immediately upon injury decreased thrombin activation and improved motor function after nerve injury. The results localize the extrinsic coagulation pathway and FXa to the PNS, suggesting a critical role for FXa in PNS thrombin formation and the possible therapeutic use of selective FXa inhibitors in nerve injuries.
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Na KR, Choi H, Jeong JY, Lee KW, Chang YK, Choi DE. Nafamostat Mesilate Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2192-9. [PMID: 27569970 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that nafamostat mesilate (NM) inhibits inflammatory injury via inhibition of complement activation in ischemic heart, liver, and intestine. However, it is unclear if NM also inhibits apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-injured kidney. We therefore investigated whether NM attenuates IR renal injury that involves inhibition of apoptosis. METHODS HK-2 cells and male C57BL/6 mice were used for this study. C57Bl/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: sham, NM (2 mg/kg) + sham, IR injury (IR injury; reperfusion 27 minutes after clamping of both the renal artery and vein), and NM + IR injury. Kidneys were harvested 24 hours after IR injury, and functional and molecular parameters were evaluated. For in vitro studies, HK-2 cells were incubated for 6 hours with mineral paraffin oil to induce hypoxic injury, and then treated with various doses of NM to evaluate the antiapoptotic effects. RESULTS Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, and renal tissue injury scores in NM + IR-injured mice were significantly lower than those of control IR mice (all P < .01). NM significantly improved cell survival in hypoxic HK-2 cells (P < .01), significantly decreased renal Bax expression (P < .05), and increased renal Bcl-2 protein levels in IR kidneys and hypoxic HK-2 cells compared with those of the sham and control groups. The numbers of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling- and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine-positive cells were significantly lower in NM + IR-injured kidneys compared with those in control IR-injured mice (P < .05); NM treatment decreased the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in IR-injured mice (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS NM ameliorates IR renal injury via inhibition of apoptosis by, at least in part, lowering nitric oxide overproduction, reducing Bax, and increasing Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-R Na
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - H Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J Y Jeong
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y-K Chang
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; Department of Nephrology, Daejeon St Mary Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - D E Choi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Fan H, Qiao Y. Identification of berberine as a direct thrombin inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine through structural, functional and binding studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44040. [PMID: 28276481 PMCID: PMC5343495 DOI: 10.1038/srep44040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin acts as a key enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade and represents a potential drug target for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to identify small-molecule direct thrombin inhibitors from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A pharmacophore model and molecular docking were utilized to virtually screen a library of chemicals contained in compositions of traditional Chinese herbs, and these analyses were followed by in vitro bioassay validation and binding studies. Berberine (BBR) was first confirmed as a thrombin inhibitor using an enzymatic assay. The BBR IC50 value for thrombin inhibition was 2.92 μM. Direct binding studies using surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that BBR directly interacted with thrombin with a KD value of 16.39 μM. Competitive binding assay indicated that BBR could bind to the same argartroban/thrombin interaction site. A platelet aggregation assay demonstrated that BBR had the ability to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in washed platelets samples. This study proved that BBR is a direct thrombin inhibitor that has activity in inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. BBR may be a potential candidate for the development of safe and effective thrombin-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hantian Fan
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing 100102, China
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Ha Park J, Yoo KY, Hye Kim I, Cho JH, Lee JC, Hyeon Ahn J, Jin Tae H, Chun Yan B, Won Kim D, Kyu Park O, Kwon SH, Her S, Su Kim J, Hoon Choi J, Hyun Lee C, Koo Hwang I, Youl Cho J, Hwi Cho J, Kwon YG, Ryoo S, Kim YM, Won MH, Jun Kang I. Hydroquinone Strongly Alleviates Focal Ischemic Brain Injury via Blockage of Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:430-441. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nafamostat mesilate improves function recovery after stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:230-45. [PMID: 27033633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in stroke pathology, making it a promising target for stroke intervention. Nafamostat mesilate (NM), a wide-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, is commonly used for treating inflammatory diseases, such as pancreatitis. However, its effect on neuroinflammation after stroke was unknown. Hence, the effects of NM on the inflammatory response post stroke were characterized. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats, NM reduced the infarct size, improved behavioral functions, decreased the expression of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2) in a time-dependent manner and promoted the expression of different anti-inflammatory factors (CD206, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-4) at different time points. Furthermore, NM could inhibit the expression of proinflammatory mediators and promote anti-inflammatory mediators expression in rat primary microglia following exposure to thrombin combined with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The immune-modulatory effect of NM might be partly due to its inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and inflammasome activation after tMCAO. In addition, NM significantly inhibited the infiltration of macrophage, neutrophil and T lymphocytes, which was partly mediated by the inhibition of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Taken together, our results indicated that NM can provide long-term protection of the brain against tMCAO by modulating a broad components of the inflammatory response.
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Liu Y, Li C, Wang J, Fang Y, Sun H, Tao X, Zhou XF, Liao H. Nafamostat Mesilate Improves Neurological Outcome and Axonal Regeneration after Stroke in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4217-4231. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
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31
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Pang T, Wang YJ, Gao YX, Xu Y, Li Q, Zhou YB, Xu L, Huang ZJ, Liao H, Zhang LY, Gao JR, Ye Q, Li J. A novel GSK-3β inhibitor YQ138 prevents neuronal injury induced by glutamate and brain ischemia through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:741-52. [PMID: 27108601 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To discover neuroprotective compounds and to characterize the discovered active compound YQ138 as a novel GSK-3β inhibitor. METHODS Primary rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) were treated with glutamate, and cell viability was analyzed with MTT assay, which was used as in vitro model for screening neuroprotective compounds. Active compound was further tested in OGD- or serum deprivation-induced neuronal injury models. The expression levels of GSK-3β downstream proteins (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Tau and β-catenin) were detected with Western blotting. For evaluating the neuroprotective effects in vivo, adult male rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), then treated with YQ138 (10 mg/kg, iv) at 2, 4 and 6 h after ischemia onset. RESULTS From a compound library consisting of about 2000 potential kinase inhibitors, YQ138 was found to exert neuroprotective effects: pretreatment with YQ138 (0.1-40 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited glutamate-induced neuronal death. Furthermore, pretreatment with YQ138 (10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited OGD- or serum deprivation-induced neuronal death. Among a panel of seven kinases tested, YQ138 selectively inhibited the activity of GSK-3β (IC50=0.52 nmol/L). Furthermore, YQ138 dose-dependently increased the expression of β-catenin, and decreased the phosphorylation of Tau in CGCs. Moreover, YQ138 significantly increased the expression of GSK-3β downstream antioxidative proteins Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GSH and SOD in CGCs. In rats with tMCAO, administration of YQ138 significantly decreased infarct volume, improved the neurological deficit, and increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the activities of SOD and GSH in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION A novel GSK-3β inhibitor YQ138 effectively suppresses brain ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo.
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Fang Y, Yao L, Li C, Wang J, Wang J, Chen S, Zhou XF, Liao H. The blockage of the Nogo/NgR signal pathway in microglia alleviates the formation of Aβ plaques and tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:56. [PMID: 26939570 PMCID: PMC4776389 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and microglia-dominated neuroinflammation. The Nogo/NgR signal pathway is involved in AD pathological features, but the detailed mechanism needs further investigation. Our previous studies have confirmed that the activation of NgR on microglia by Nogo promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits cell adhesion and migration behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Nogo/NgR signaling pathway on the pathological features of AD and possible mechanisms. Methods After NEP1-40 (a competitive antagonist of Nogo/NgR pathway) was intracerebroventricularly administered via mini-osmotic pumps for 2 months in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 transgenic mice, plaque load, tau phosphorylation, and inflammatory responses were determined. After primary mouse neurons were exposed to the conditioned medium from BV-2 microglia stimulated by Nogo, the production of Aβ and phosphorylation of tau was quantified by ELISA and western blot. Results Inhibition of the Nogo/NgR signaling pathway ameliorated pathological features including amyloid plaques and phosphorylated levels of tau in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, after treatment with the conditioned medium from BV-2 microglia stimulated by Nogo, Aβ production and tau phosphorylation in cultured neurons were increased. The conditioned medium also increased the expression of APP, its amyloidogenic processing, and the activity of GSK3β in neurons. The conditioned medium was also proinflammatory medium, and the blockage of the Nogo/NgR pathway improved the neuroinflammatory environment in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions Taken together, the neuroinflammation mediated by Nogo/NgR pathway in microglia could directly take part in the pathological process of AD by influencing the amyloidogenesis and tau phosphorylation. These results contribute to a better understanding of AD pathogenesis and could offer a new therapeutic option for delaying the progression of AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0522-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinquan Fang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lemeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Chenhui Li
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shujian Chen
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacology and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Guan S, Qu D, Wang L, Wang X, Li X, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Wang N, Meng J, Ma X. An Orally Active Allosteric GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Is Neuroprotective in Cellular and Rodent Models of Stroke. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148827. [PMID: 26863436 PMCID: PMC4749391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of stroke. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been in clinical use for the treatment of diabetes and also been reported to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke. The quinoxaline 6,7-dichloro-2-methylsulfonyl-3-N-tert- butylaminoquinoxaline (DMB) is an agonist and allosteric modulator of the GLP-1R with the potential to increase the affinity of GLP-1 for its receptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of DMB on transient focal cerebral ischemia. In cultured cortical neurons, DMB activated the GLP-1R, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels with an EC50 value about 100 fold that of exendin-4. Pretreatment of neurons with DMB protected against necrotic and apoptotic cell death was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The neuroprotective effects of DMB were blocked by GLP-1R knockdown with shRNA but not by GLP-1R antagonism. In C57BL/6 mice, DMB was orally administered 30 min prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. DMB markedly reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits caused by MCAO and reperfusion. The neuroprotective effects were mediated by activation of the GLP-1R through the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. DMB exhibited anti-apoptotic effects by modulating Bcl-2 family members. These results provide evidence that DMB, a small molecular GLP-1R agonist, attenuates transient focal cerebral ischemia injury and inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by MCAO. Taken together, these data suggest that DMB is a potential neuroprotective agent against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunhan Liu
- School of Nurse, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaoyu Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventative Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinshang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xubo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: . (XM); (JM)
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Nafamostat mesilate protects against acute cerebral ischemia via blood-brain barrier protection. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:398-410. [PMID: 26861077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteases, such as thrombin, are contributors to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbate brain damage during ischemic stroke, for which the current clinical therapy remains unsatisfactory. However, the effect of nafamostat mesilate (NM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, on BBB disruption following cerebral ischemia is unknown. Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of NM on BBB integrity in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and explored the possible mechanism in an in vitro BBB model comprising rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in the presence of thrombin. The results showed that NM treatment remarkably attenuated transient MCAO-induced brain infarcts, brain oedema and motor dysfunction in addition to BBB disruption, which might be related to changes in tight junction protein expression and localization. Meanwhile, NM preserved BBB integrity and alleviated the changes in tight junction protein expression and localization and cytoskeleton rearrangement in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells via thrombin inhibition. Our findings suggest that NM treatment can preserve BBB integrity through the inhibition of thrombin, which might be correlated with the regulation of PKCα/RhoA/MLC2 pathway components.
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Bushi D, Gera O, Kostenich G, Shavit-Stein E, Weiss R, Chapman J, Tanne D. A novel histochemical method for the visualization of thrombin activity in the nervous system. Neuroscience 2016; 320:93-104. [PMID: 26851772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although thrombin has an important role in both central and peripheral nerve diseases, characterization of the anatomical distribution of its proteolytic activity has been limited by available methods. This study presents the development, challenges, validation and implementation of a novel histochemical method for visualization of thrombin activity in the nervous system. The method is based on the cleavage of the substrate, Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Pro-Arg-4MβNA by thrombin to liberate free 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4MβNA). In the presence of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, free 4MβNA is captured, yielding an insoluble yellow fluorescent precipitate which marks the site of thrombin activity. The sensitivity of the method was determined in vitro using known concentrations of thrombin while the specificity was verified using a highly specific thrombin inhibitor. Using this method we determined the spatial distribution of thrombin activity in mouse brain following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) and in mouse sciatic nerve following crush injury. Fluorescence microscopy revealed well-defined thrombin activity localized to the right ischemic hemisphere in cortical areas and in the striatum compared to negligible thrombin activity contralaterally. The histochemical localization of thrombin activity following tMCAo was in good correlation with the infarct areas per triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and to thrombin activity measured biochemically in tissue punches (85 ± 35 and 20 ± 3 mU/ml, in the cortical and striatum areas respectively, compared to 7 ± 2 and 13 ± 2 mU/ml, in the corresponding contralateral areas; mean ± SEM; p<0.05). In addition, 24 h following crush injury, focal areas of highly elevated thrombin activity were detected in teased sciatic fibers. This observation was supported by the biochemical assay and western blot technique. The histochemical method developed in this study can serve as an important tool for studying the role of thrombin in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bushi
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - O Gera
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Kostenich
- Advanced Technology Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - E Shavit-Stein
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - R Weiss
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Chapman
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - D Tanne
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and The J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel; Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gao Y, Xu X, Chang S, Wang Y, Xu Y, Ran S, Huang Z, Li P, Li J, Zhang L, Saavedra JM, Liao H, Pang T. Totarol prevents neuronal injury in vitro and ameliorates brain ischemic stroke: Potential roles of Akt activation and HO-1 induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:142-54. [PMID: 26440581 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The natural product totarol, a phenolic diterpenoid and a major constituent isolated from the sap of Podocarpus totara, has been reported to have a potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, we determined whether totarol possessed an additional neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo. We found that totarol prevented glutamate- and oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death in primary rat cerebellar granule neuronal cells and cerebral cortical neurons. Totarol increased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expressions and suppressed oxidative stress by increasing GSH and SOD activities. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 prevented totarol neuroprotective effect by suppressing the totarol-induced changes in HO-1 expression and the activities of GSH and SOD. The HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX also prevented totarol-increased GSH and SOD activities. In a model of acute cerebral ischemic injury in Sprague-Dawley rats, produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2h followed by 22 h or 46 h of reperfusion, totarol significantly reduced infarct volume and improved the neurological deficit. In this model, totarol increased HO-1 expression and the activities of GSH and SOD. These observations suggest that totarol may be a novel activator of the Akt/HO-1 pathway protecting against ischemic stroke through reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Sai Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Siqi Ran
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Wang YY, Gao YX, Gao W, Xu Y, Xu YZ, Wang YJ, Chang S, Yu LG, Zhang LY, Liao H, Yang LF, Pang T, Qiu WW. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic diterpene derivatives as novel neuroprotective agents against ischemic brain injury. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:396-408. [PMID: 26375352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lead compound 7 has neuroprotective effects, and it was discovered by screening a small synthetic natural product-like (NPL) library. Based on the lead, a series of tricyclic diterpene derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their neuroprotective effects were further evaluated against glutamate-, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)- and nutrient deprivation-induced neuronal injury using cell-based assays. To our delight, most of these synthetic compounds exhibited increased neuroprotective effects and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability without cellular toxicity. The most potent compound, compound 30, showed significantly improved neuroprotection against neuronal injury in primary neurons. Furthermore, compound 30 exhibited remarkable neuroprotection in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rats by reducing their infarct sizes and neurological deficit scores. A mechanistic exploration using in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the neuroprotection of these compounds was at least partly mediated by improving the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. Therefore, these tricyclic diterpene derivatives could be used as promising leads for the development of a new type of neuroprotective agents against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan-Xue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sai Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Gang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lian-Fang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Angiopoietin-1 Regulates Brain Endothelial Permeability through PTPN-2 Mediated Tyrosine Dephosphorylation of Occludin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130857. [PMID: 26090670 PMCID: PMC4474807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and increased endothelial permeability is a hallmark of neuro-vascular inflammation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a Tie-2 receptor agonist ligand, is known to modulate barrier function of endothelial cells; however the molecular mechanisms related to Ang-1 mediated repair of Tight Junctions (TJs) in brain endothelium still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated a novel role of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase N-2 (PTPN-2) in Ang-1 mediated stabilization of tight junction proteins. METHOD AND RESULT To study the barrier protective mechanism of Ang-1, we challenged human brain microvascular endothelial cells in-vitro, with a potent inflammatory mediator thrombin. By using confocal microscopy and transwell permeability assay, we show that pretreatment of brain endothelial cells with Ang-1 diminish thrombin mediated disruption of TJs and increase in endothelial permeability. We also found that Ang-1 inhibits thrombin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Occludin and promote Occludin interaction with Zona Occludens-1 (ZO-1) to stabilize TJs. Interestingly, our study revealed that depletion of PTPN-2 by siRNAs abolishes Ang-1 ability to promote tyrosine dephosphorylation of Occludin, resulting Occludin disassociation from ZO-1 and endothelial hyperpermeability. SUMMARY Collectively, our findings suggest that in brain endothelial cells blocking PTPN-2 mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Occludin is a novel mechanism to maintain BBB function, and may offer a key therapeutic strategy for neuro-inflammatory disorders associated with BBB disruption.
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Franco FM, Jones DE, Harris PK, Han Z, Wildman SA, Jarvis CM, Janetka JW. Structure-based discovery of small molecule hepsin and HGFA protease inhibitors: Evaluation of potency and selectivity derived from distinct binding pockets. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2328-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Hun Lee J, Won S, Stein DG. Progesterone attenuates thrombin-induced endothelial barrier disruption in the brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3: The role of tight junction proteins and the endothelial protein C receptor. Brain Res 2015; 1613:73-80. [PMID: 25862570 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examines the effects of progesterone on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity following thrombin administration. Thrombin is expressed in many diseases which affect neural tissue and is associated with breakdown of the BBB. Progesterone has shown protective effects on the BBB in stroke and traumatic brain injury. METHODS Mouse brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells were treated with progesterone (20 μmol/l) for 24h before thrombin administration (60 U/ml). BBB permeability was measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), because TEER decrease is associated with BBB compromise. Tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin, claudin-5, and zonula occludens-1) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) were analyzed. RESULTS Thrombin decreased TEER and progesterone prevented that decrease. TJ proteins and EPCR were also decreased after thrombin treatment and progesterone treatment blocked that effect. CONCLUSION Progesterone can attenuate thrombin-induced BBB disruption by blocking the degradation of TJ proteins and EPCR in bEnd.3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmi Won
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ye Q, Li Q, Zhou Y, Xu L, Mao W, Gao Y, Li C, Xu Y, Xu Y, Liao H, Zhang L, Gao J, Li J, Pang T. Synthesis and Evaluation of 3-(furo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-maleimides as Novel GSK-3βInhibitors and Anti-Ischemic Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:746-52. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Weili Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Yuanxue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chenhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jianrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Ye Q, Mao W, Zhou Y, Xu L, Li Q, Gao Y, Wang J, Li C, Xu Y, Xu Y, Liao H, Zhang L, Gao J, Li J, Pang T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4-(indol-3-yl)-maleimides as potent, selective GSK-3β inhibitors and neuroprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:1179-88. [PMID: 25662701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4-(indol-3-yl)-maleimides were designed, prepared and evaluated for their GSK-3β inhibitory activities. Most compounds showed high potency to GSK-3β inhibition with high selectivity. Among them, compounds 7c, 7f, 7h, 7l and 7m significantly reduced GSK-3β substrate Tau phosphorylation at Ser396 in primary neurons, showing the inhibition of cellular GSK-3β. In the in vitro neuronal injury models, compounds 7c, 7f, 7h, 7l and 7m prevented neuronal death against glutamate, oxygen-glucose deprivation and nutrient serum deprivation which are associated with cerebral ischemic stroke. In the in vivo cerebral ischemia animal model, compound 7f reduced infarct size by 15% and improved the neurological deficit following focal cerebral ischemia. These findings may provide new insights into the development of novel GSK-3β inhibitors with potential neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weili Mao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yazhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Aggarwal A, Khera A, Singh I, Sandhir R. S-nitrosoglutathione prevents blood-brain barrier disruption associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in experimental diabetes. J Neurochem 2014; 132:595-608. [PMID: 25187090 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is known to induce microvascular complications, thereby altering blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This study investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors in increased BBB permeability and evaluated the protective effect of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in diabetes. Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days and GSNO was administered orally (100 μg/kg body weight) daily for 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes. A significant decline in cognitive functions was observed in diabetic mice assessed by Morris water maze test. Increased permeability to different molecular size tracers accompanied by edema and ion imbalance was observed in cortex and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Furthermore, activity of both pro and active MMP-9 was found to be significantly elevated in diabetic animals. Increased in situ gelatinase activity was observed in tissue sections and isolated microvessels from diabetic mice brain. The increase in activity of MMP-9 was attributed to increased mRNA and protein expression in diabetic mice. In addition, a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 was also observed in diabetic animals. However, GSNO supplementation to diabetic animals was able to abridge MMP-9 activation as well as tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels, restoring BBB integrity and also improving learning and memory. Our findings clearly suggest that GSNO could prevent hyperglycemia-induced disruption of BBB by suppressing MMP-9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khera
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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