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Morissette A, Agrinier AL, Gignac T, Ramadan L, Diop K, Marois J, Varin TV, Pilon G, Simard S, Larose É, Gagnon C, Arsenault BJ, Després JP, Carreau AM, Vohl MC, Marette EA. Substituting refined sugars with maple syrup decreases key cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with mild metabolic alterations: a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00465-6. [PMID: 39163971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maple syrup, a minimally transformed sweetener rich in polyphenols, can exert a prebiotic-like action and improve metabolic parameters in animal models. However, no randomized clinical trial has investigated the impact of replacing refined sugars with maple syrup on cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota composition. AIMS, MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial with 42 overweight adults with mild cardiometabolic alterations, participants were instructed to substitute 5% of their total caloric intake from added sugars with either maple syrup or an artificially flavored sucrose syrup for eight weeks. The primary outcome included changes in glucose homeostasis while secondary outcomes were changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and blood lipid profiles. Exploratory outcomes involved analyzing changes in gut microbiota composition. RESULTS Replacing refined sugars with maple syrup over eight weeks decreased the glucose area under the curve when compared to substituting refined sugars with sucrose syrup, as determined during the oral glucose tolerance test, leading to a significant difference between the intervention arms (-50.59±201.92 vs 29.93±154.90, P<.047). Substituting refined sugar with maple syrup also significantly decreased android fat mass (-7.83±175.05 vs 67.61± 206.71 g, P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (-2.72±8.73 vs 0.87±8.99 mmHg, P=0.03). No changes in the blood lipid profile were observed. As an exploratory outcome, we further observed that substituting refined sugars with maple syrup promoted selective taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota such as a significant reduction in the abundance of Klebsiella and decreased microbial functions associated with bacterial-induced cytokine response, as compared to substitution with sucrose syrup. CONCLUSION Substituting refined sugars with maple syrup in individuals with mild metabolic alterations resulted in a significantly greater reduction of key cardiometabolic risk factors as compared to substitution with sucrose syrup, in association with specific changes in gut microbiota. The role of the gut microbiota in these effects remains to be further explored. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04117802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Morissette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Agrinier
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Théo Gignac
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lamia Ramadan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Khoudia Diop
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Marois
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Gneviève Pilon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Simard
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Larose
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada; School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Et André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada.
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Chen S, Zhang Y. Mechanism and application of Lactobacillus in type 2 diabetes-associated periodontitis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248518. [PMID: 38098816 PMCID: PMC10720667 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the progression of periodontitis through diverse pathways. Abnormal immune responses, excessive activation of inflammation, increased levels of advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress have defined roles in the pathophysiological process of T2DM-associated periodontitis. Furthermore, in the periodontium of diabetic individuals, there are high levels of advanced glycation end-products and glucose. Meanwhile, progress in microbiomics has revealed that dysbacteriosis caused by T2DM also contributes to the progression of periodontitis. Lactobacillus, owing to its fine-tuning function in the local microbiota, has sparked tremendous interest in this field. Accumulating research on Lactobacillus has detailed its beneficial role in both diabetes and oral diseases. In this study, we summarize the newly discovered mechanisms underlying Lactobacillus-mediated improvement of T2DM-associated periodontitis and propose the application of Lactobacillus in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang L, Zhang Z. Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Cancer: Correlation and Potential Mechanisms. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:4388437. [PMID: 38020199 PMCID: PMC10653978 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4388437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastric cancer (GC) from the perspectives of epidemiology, drug use, and potential mechanisms. The association between DM and GC is inconclusive, and the positive direction of the association reported in most published meta-analyses suggests that DM may be an independent risk factor for GC. Many clinical investigations have shown that people with DM and GC who undergo gastrectomy may have better glycemic control. The potential link between DM and GC may involve the interaction of multiple common risk factors, such as obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, H. pylori infection, and the use of metformin. Although in vitro and in vivo data support that H. pylori infection status and metformin can influence GC risk in DM patients, there are conflicting results. Patient survival outcomes are influenced by multiple factors, so further research is needed to identify the patients who may benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Critical Research Center for Emergency Medicine Clinic, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, 311100, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ju X, Wu X, Chen Y, Cui S, Cai Z, Zhao L, Hao Y, Zhou F, Chen F, Yu Z, Yang D. Mucin Binding Protein of Lactobacillus casei Inhibits HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102314. [PMID: 37242197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Lactobacillus casei strains are reported to exhibit anti-proliferative effects on colorectal cancer cells; however, the mechanism remains largely unknown. While there has been considerable interest in bacterial small metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, prior reports suggested that larger-sized molecules mediate the anti-proliferative effect of L. casei. Here, other possible ways of communication between gut bacteria and its host are investigated. LevH1 is a protein displayed on the surface of L. casei, and its mucin binding domain is highly conserved. Based on previous reports that the cell-free supernatant fractions decreased colorectal cell proliferation, we cloned the mucin binding domain of the LevH1 protein, expressed and purified this mucin binding protein (MucBP). It has a molecular weight of 10 kDa, is encoded by a 250 bp gene, and is composed primarily of a β-strand, β-turns, and random coils. The amino acid sequence is conserved while the 36th amino acid residue is arginine in L. casei CAUH35 and serine in L. casei IAM1045, LOCK919, 12A, and Zhang. MucBP36R exhibited dose-dependent anti-proliferative effects against HT-29 cells while a mutation of 36S abolished this activity. Predicted structures suggest that this mutation slightly altered the protein structure, thus possibly affecting subsequent communication with HT-29 cells. Our study identified a novel mode of communication between gut bacteria and their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixuan Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Widodo W, Kusumaningrum HRP, Wihadmadyatami H, Wicaksana AL. Milk Fermented with Pediococcus acidilactici Strain BE Improves High Blood Glucose Levels and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diabetic Rats. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:170-183. [PMID: 36789203 PMCID: PMC9890364 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of milk fermented with Pediococcus acidilactici strain BE and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain M103 on diabetes in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The bacteria were separately used as starter cultures for milk fermentation, and the products were then fed to diabetic rats for 15 days. Blood glucose levels, immunohistochemical and histological indicators, lipid profiles, and total lactic acid bacterium counts were evaluated before and after treatment. The administration of milk fermented with P. acidilactici strain BE reduced blood glucose levels from 410.27±51.60 to 304.07±9.88 mg/dL (p<0.05), similar to the effects of metformin (from 382.30±13.39 mg/dL to 253.33±40.66 mg/dL, p<0.05). Increased insulin production was observed in diabetic rats fed milk fermented with P. acidilactici strain BE concomitant with an increased number and percentage area of immunoreactive beta-cells. The structure of insulin-producing beta-cells was improved in diabetic rats fed milk fermented with P. acidilactici strain BE or metformin (insulin receptor substrate scores of 5.33±0.94 and 3.5±0.5, respectively). This suggests that the administration of milk fermented with P. acidilactici BE potentially reduces blood glucose levels and improves pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widodo Widodo
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Widodo
Widodo, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia, Tel: +62-274-6491963, E-mail:
| | | | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Anggi Lukman Wicaksana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and
Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia,School of Nursing, College of Nursing,
Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Awasthi A, Corrie L, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kumar B, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Eri RD, Dua K, Singh SK. Gut Dysbiosis and Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Role of Probiotics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112543. [PMID: 36432734 PMCID: PMC9699533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a multifactorial disease and one of the complications of diabetes. The global burden of DFU in the health sector is increasing at a tremendous rate due to its cost management related to hospitalization, medical costs and foot amputation. Hence, to manage DFU/DWs, various attempts have been made, including treating wounds systematically/topically using synthetic drugs, herbal drugs, or tissue engineering based surgical dressings. However, less attention has been paid to the intrinsic factors that are also the leading cause of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. One such factor is gut dysbiosis, which is one of the major causes of enhancing the counts of Gram-negative bacteria. These bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are a major contributing factor toward insulin resistance and inflammation due to the generation of oxidative stress and immunopathy. These all lead to DM and DFU. Probiotics are the commercial form of beneficial gut microbes that are taken as nutraceuticals by people of all ages to improve gut immunity and prevent gut dysbiosis. However, the role of probiotics has been less explored in the management of DFU. Hence, the therapeutic potential of probiotics in managing DFU is fully described in the current review. This report covers the linkage between gut dysbiosis and DFU, sources of probiotics, the mechanisms of probiotics in DW healing, and the impact of probiotic supplementation in treating DFU. In addition, techniques for the stabilization of probiotics, market status, and patents related to probiotics have been also covered. The relevant data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Our systematic review discusses the utilization of probiotic supplementation as a nutraceutical for the management of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Rajaraman D. Eri
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.D.E.); or (S.K.S.); Tel.: +61-363245467 (R.D.E.); +91-9888720835 (S.K.S.)
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.D.E.); or (S.K.S.); Tel.: +61-363245467 (R.D.E.); +91-9888720835 (S.K.S.)
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Probiotic Mechanisms Affecting Glucose Homeostasis: A Scoping Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081187. [PMID: 36013366 PMCID: PMC9409775 DOI: 10.3390/life12081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
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Hu R, Zhang Y, Qian W, Leng Y, Long Y, Liu X, Li J, Wan X, Wei X. Pediococcus acidilactici Promotes the Longevity of C. elegans by Regulating the Insulin/IGF-1 and JNK/MAPK Signaling, Fat Accumulation and Chloride Ion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821685. [PMID: 35433778 PMCID: PMC9010657 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known to contribute to the anti-oxidation, immunoregulation, and aging delay. Here, we investigated the extension of lifespan by fermented pickles-origin Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), and found that PA promoted a significantly extended longevity of wild-type C. elegans. The further results revealed that PA regulated the longevity via promoting the insulin/IGF-1 signaling, JNK/MAPK signaling but not TOR signaling in C. elegans, and that PA reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulated expression of genes involved in fatty acids uptake and lipolysis, thus reducing the fat accumulation in C. elegans. Moreover, this study identified the nrfl-1 as the key regulator of the PA-mediated longevity, and the nrfl-1/daf-18 signaling might be activated. Further, we highlighted the roles of one chloride ion exchanger gene sulp-6 in the survival of C. elegans and other two chloride ion channel genes clh-1 and clh-4 in the prolonged lifespan by PA-feeding through the modulating expression of genes involved in inflammation. Therefore, these findings reveal the detailed and novel molecular mechanisms on the longevity of C. elegans promoted by PA.
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Zhang Y, Wei X, Sun Q, Qian W, Liu X, Li J, Long Y, Wan X. Different Types and Functional Effects of Probiotics on Human Health through Regulating Glucose Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14781-14791. [PMID: 34855398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, hyperglycemia has become one of the most frequent diseases in the world. The current drug therapy may have some negative effects and even cause some complications. As one of the most popular functional ingredients, probiotic bacteria have been proven to play important roles in balancing the glucose homeostasis level in animal and human clinic trials. In this perspective, we sorted three types of probiotics, discussed probiotic safety evaluation, and listed the known probiotic functional foods that assist to control glucose homeostasis. Then, the further summarization of the mechanisms on how probiotic bacteria could regulate glucose homeostasis and the developing trend of probiotic functional foods were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Wei
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Long
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing 100024, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Beike Institute of Precision Medicine and Health Technology, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Company, Limited, Beijing 100192, People's Republic of China
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Li M, Tang Y, Guo L, Lei T, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Li C. Antibiotic Resistance Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Chinese Paocai. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3853-3862. [PMID: 34390373 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antibiotic resistance of 218 isolates to 9 different antibiotics was analyzed with minimum inhibitory concentration method. All Lactobacillus pentosus strains were found to be resistant to streptomycin sulfate and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Lactococcus lactis strains were resistant to streptomycin sulfate. Specifically, 90% Klebsiella oxytoca and all Citrobacter freundii strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. 30% K. oxytoca strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. All Bacillus albus strains were resistant to erythromycin and 80% strains were resistant to ampicillin sodium. Results from PCR analysis revealed that 90 isolates carried the aadE gene. The tetM gene was detected in four L. pentosus isolates. And the streptomycin resistant gene aadA was detected in one L. pentosus isolate. Metagenome analysis revealed that 74.7% genes associated with antibiotic resistance were antibiotic resistance genes. The tetM and aadA genes, detected in PCR analysis, were also retrieved from the paocai metagenome. In brief, this study generated the antibiotic resistance profile of some paocai-originated bacteria strains. L. pentosus found in the final edible paocai were inherently resistant to antibiotics, such as streptomycin and ciprofloxacin. Results in this work reminds us to carefully choose the LAB strains for traditional Chinese paocai production to avoid potential spreading of antibiotic resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Sichuan Yingshan Vocational Senior High School, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Sichuan Dongpo Chinese Paocai Industrial Technology Research Institute, Meishan, 620000, China
| | - Chengkang Li
- Meishan Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Meishan, 620000, China.
- National Pickle Quality Inspection Center, Meishan, 620000, China.
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11
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Zhao X, Zhong X, Liu X, Wang X, Gao X. Therapeutic and Improving Function of Lactobacilli in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases: A Novel Perspective From Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:693412. [PMID: 34164427 PMCID: PMC8215129 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.693412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular-related diseases are associated with structural and functional changes in gut microbiota (GM). The accumulation of beneficial gut commensals contributes to the improvement of cardiovascular-related diseases. The cardiovascular-related diseases that can be relieved by Lactobacillus supplementation, including hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, have expanded. As probiotics, lactobacilli occupy a substantial part of the GM and play important functional roles through various GM-derived metabolites. Lactobacilli ultimately have a beneficial impact on lipid metabolism, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress to relieve the symptoms of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the axis and cellular process of gut commensal Lactobacillus in improving cardiovascular-related diseases have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, Lactobacillus strains produce diverse antimicrobial peptides, which help maintain intestinal homeostasis and ameliorate cardiovascular-related diseases. These strains are a field that needs to be further investigated immediately. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus strain supplementation from animal studies and human clinical trials. We also highlighted a broad range of lactobacilli candidates with therapeutic capability by mining their metabolites. Our study provides instruction in the development of lactobacilli as a functional food to improve cardiovascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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12
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Maintaining Digestive Health in Diabetes: The Role of the Gut Microbiome and the Challenge of Functional Foods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030516. [PMID: 33802371 PMCID: PMC8001283 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the incidence of diabetes has increased in developed countries and beyond the genetic impact, environmental factors, which can trigger the activation of the gut immune system, seem to affect the induction of the disease process. Since the composition of the gut microbiome might disturb the normal interaction with the immune system and contribute to altered immune responses, the restoration of normal microbiota composition constitutes a new target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Thus, the interaction of gut microbiome and diabetes, focusing on mechanisms connecting gut microbiota with the occurrence of the disorder, is discussed in the present review. Finally, the challenge of functional food diet on maintaining intestinal health and microbial flora diversity and functionality, as a potential tool for the onset inhibition and management of the disease, is highlighted by reporting key animal studies and clinical trials. Early onset of the disease in the oral cavity is an important factor for the incorporation of a functional food diet in daily routine.
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13
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Cooney OD, Nagareddy PR, Murphy AJ, Lee MKS. Healthy Gut, Healthy Bones: Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Promote Bone Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:620466. [PMID: 33679604 PMCID: PMC7933548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.620466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics to modify the gut microbiome has become a public spotlight in reducing the severity of a number of chronic diseases such as autoimmune disease, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the gut microbiome has been shown to play an important role in regulating bone mass. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome may be a potential alternative avenue for those with osteopenia or osteoporosis. In this mini-review, we take the opportunity to delve into how the different components of the gut work together and how the gut-related diseases impact on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D. Cooney
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhakar R. Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Man K. S. Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Sharma A, Mittal S, Aggarwal R, Chauhan MK. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks.
Main text
In particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study.
Conclusion
Thus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.
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15
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Bai X, Shen L, Gao X, Yu Z, Sakandar HA, Kwok LY, Sun Z. Differential structures and enterotype-like clusters of Bifidobacterium responses to probiotic fermented milk consumption across subjects using a Bifidobacterium-target procedure. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109839. [PMID: 33648165 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The health-promoting attributes of bifidobacteria have piqued interest of researchers worldwide. However, scant published studies are available pertinent to bifidobacteria in microbiota/metagenomics datasets due to its intrinsic low abundance and limitations of detection methods. In this work, we designed a procedure to optimize the detection of the bifidobacterial population in complex biological samples with single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) technology, including one primer pair designated as Bif-6 and a Bifidobacterium-specific database. The optimized procedure detected 14 bifidobacterial species/subspecies in ten human stool samples (2024 sequences per sample) and eight breast milk samples (3473 sequences per sample), respectively. Furthermore, by using the optimized procedure of SMRT, we investigated the effect of a 4-week-intervention of probiotic fermented milk (PFM; 200 g/day) on the gut bifidobacteria population of adults. The results showed that consuming PFM changed the structure and enterotype-like clusters of Bifidobacterium. After the consumption of PFM, the level of gut Bifidobacterium animalis increased significantly, replacing several originally dominating taxa in some subjects, including B. catenulatum, B. breve, and B. bifidum. On the other hand, B. adolescentis was, unaffectedly, the representative species in subjects having an original enterotype-like cluster of B. adolescentis. In conclusion, our work designed a procedure for detecting the bifidobacterial population in complex samples. By applying the currently designed procedure, we found that the PFM intervention changed the bifidobacterial enterotype-like cluster of some subjects, and such change was dependent on the basal bifidobacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Bai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Lingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Hafiz Arbab Sakandar
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China.
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16
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Delzenne NM, Rodriguez J, Olivares M, Neyrinck AM. Microbiome response to diet: focus on obesity and related diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:369-380. [PMID: 32691288 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies in humans and animal models describe disturbances of the gut microbial ecosystem associated with adiposity and hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, including hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. The manipulation of the microbiome, which is largely influenced by the diet, appears as an innovative therapeutic tool to prevent or control obesity and related diseases. This review describes the impact of nutrients on the gut microbiota composition and/or function and when available, the consequences on host physiology. A special emphasis is made on the contribution of bacterial-derived metabolites in the regulation of key gut functions that may explain their systemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Olivares
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Borse SP, Chhipa AS, Sharma V, Singh DP, Nivsarkar M. Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Current Strategies, Unfocussed Aspects, Challenges, and Alternatives. Med Princ Pract 2020; 30:109-121. [PMID: 32818934 PMCID: PMC8114074 DOI: 10.1159/000511002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for >90% of the cases of diabetes in adults. Resistance to insulin action is the major cause that leads to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. T2DM is the consequence of activation of multiple pathways and factors involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Also, the etiology of T2DM involves the complex interplay between genetics and environmental factors. This interplay can be governed efficiently by lifestyle modifications to achieve better management of diabetes. The present review aims at discussing the major factors involved in the development of T2DM that remain unfocussed during the anti-diabetic therapy. The review also focuses on lifestyle modifications that are warranted for the successful management of T2DM. In addition, it attempts to explain flaws in current strategies to combat diabetes. The employability of phytoconstituents as multitargeting molecules and their potential use as effective therapeutic adjuvants to first line hypoglycemic agents to prevent side effects caused by the synthetic drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil P Borse
- AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (CCIH), Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Pune, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, India
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, India
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Manish Nivsarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Thaltej, India,
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18
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Ban Q, Cheng J, Sun X, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Song X, Guo M. Effects of a synbiotic yogurt using monk fruit extract as sweetener on glucose regulation and gut microbiota in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2956-2968. [PMID: 32089310 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a synbiotic yogurt using monk fruit extract as a sweetener and investigated the effects of feeding the yogurt to rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet. The rats fed the synbiotic yogurt showed greater blood glucose regulation and a significant decrease in insulin resistance and glycosylated hemoglobin compared with rats fed yogurt sweetened with sucrose, and they showed a remarkable improvement in short-chain fatty acid levels and gut microbiota status. Liver and kidney damage was also ameliorated in the rats fed the synbiotic yogurt. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the synbiotic yogurt inhibited β-cell loss compared with the control yogurt. Consuming the synbiotic yogurt helped to restore the islets of Langerhans. Our results indicated that monk fruit extract may be a good alternative to sucrose for synbiotic yogurt products in people with type 2 diabetes to delay the progression of diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Ban
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunqing Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shanbo Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao Song
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
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19
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Wei M, Gu E, Luo J, Zhang Z, Xu D, Tao X, Shah NP, Wei H. Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 isolated from a healthy Chinese infant ameliorates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillales in rats. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2969-2981. [PMID: 32059859 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 is a potential probiotic strain isolated from a healthy Chinese infant. This strain has previously been characterized as having cholesterol-lowering potential and good dairy fermentation performance. In this study, we used rat models with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high fat and sucrose diet and low-dose streptozotocin, respectively, and we evaluated the effect of E. hirae WEHI01 on glycolipid metabolism, glycolipid-related gene expression, organ histopathology, and intestinal flora changes in the 2 models. Our results showed that administration of 5.0 × 109 cfu of E. hirae WEHI01 for 4 wk decreased serum lipid levels and regulated glycolipid metabolism in the liver of obese rats. Following continuous administration of the same concentration of E. hirae WEHI01 to a T2DM rat model for another 5 wk, E. hirae WEHI01 improved glucose tolerance, recovered body weight loss, and led to significant decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-10, and total bile acid in serum. We also found that E. hirae WEHI01 restored the morphology of the pancreas, kidney, and liver, and changed the composition of the gut microbiota (i.e., decreased the Shannon index, increased the Simpson index, and substantially increased the abundance of Lactobacillales). Combining the results for the obese model and the T2DM model, we speculated that beneficial effects of E. hirae WEHI01 on T2DM could be due to (1) a significant increase in PPARA expression and a tendency for increased CYP7A1 expression in the liver of obese rats, promoting the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid and reducing serum total bile acid levels in T2DM model rats; or (2) a change in gut microbial diversity, especially elevated Lactobacillales abundance, which reduced the total bile acid in T2DM model rats. These results demonstrated that E. hirae WEHI01 has the potential to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats and provide a promising rationale for further research into the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Enyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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20
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Gurung M, Li Z, You H, Rodrigues R, Jump DB, Morgun A, Shulzhenko N. Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102590. [PMID: 31901868 PMCID: PMC6948163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 859] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of literature has provided evidence for the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, reports vary regarding the association of particular taxonomic groups with disease. In this systematic review, we focused on the potential role of different bacterial taxa affecting diabetes. We have summarized evidence from 42 human studies reporting microbial associations with disease, and have identified supporting preclinical studies or clinical trials using treatments with probiotics. Among the commonly reported findings, the genera of Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Roseburia were negatively associated with T2D, while the genera of Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium, and Blautia were positively associated with T2D. We also discussed potential molecular mechanisms of microbiota effects in the onset and progression of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hannah You
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Colleges of Public Health, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 160 SW 26th street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th street, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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21
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Zeng Z, Yuan Q, Yu R, Zhang J, Ma H, Chen S. Ameliorative Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NL41 on Insulin Sensitivity, Oxidative Stress, and Beta-Cell Function in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900457. [PMID: 31433912 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study aims to assess the antidiabetic effect of Lactobacillus paracasei strain NL41 and its potential mechanisms in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin administration (HFD/STZ). METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are randomly assigned to three groups: one control, one HFD/STZ model, and one HFD/STZ-Lactobacillus protection group with administration of strain NL41 for 12 weeks. Blood is collected for biochemical parameters analysis and tissue samples for histological analysis. Treatment with strain NL41 results in excellent blood glucose regulation and significantly decreases insulin resistance, and HbA1c, glucagon, and leptin levels, accompanied by remarkable improvement of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress status in the animals. Islets of Langerhans, liver, and kidney are significantly protected in the NL41-treated rats compared to the HFD/STZ-T2DM model rats. Histochemistry shows that strain NL41 inhibits beta-cell loss and alpha-cell expansion, indicating pancreatic islets as the targeted tissues for the primary ameliorative effect of the probiotic strain on HFD/STZ-T2DM rats. Crosstalk between the gut-liver and liver-pancreas endocrine axes is discussed. CONCLUSION Probiotic strain NL41 prevents HFD/STZ-T2DM by decreasing insulin resistance and oxidative stress status, and protecting beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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23
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Lactobacillus casei protects dextran sodium sulfate- or rapamycin-induced colonic inflammation in the mouse. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1443-1451. [PMID: 31123864 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human colon inflammation is associated with changes in the diverse and abundant microorganisms in the gut. As important beneficial microbes, Lactobacillus contributes to the immune responses and intestinal integrity that may alleviate experimental colitis. However, the mechanisms underlying probiotic benefits have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Dextran sodium sulfate or rapamycin-challenged mice were used as model for colon inflammation evaluation. Histological scores of the colon, levels of colonic myeloperoxidase, serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were assessed as inflammatory markers and the gut microbiota profiles of each mouse were studied. RESULTS We found that Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) can prevent experimental colitis and rapamycin-induced inflammation in intestinal mucosa by improving histological scores, decreasing host inflammatory cytokines, modulating gut-dominated bacteria, enhancing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and downregulating the expression of p-STAT3 (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) or Akt/NF-κB (AKT serine/threonine kinase and nuclear factor kappa B). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LCZ may provide effective prevention against colitis.
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Wu C, Tian Y, Yu J, Zhang R, Zhang X, Guo P. The pandanus tectorius fruit extract (PTF) modulates the gut microbiota and exerts anti-hyperlipidaemic effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152863. [PMID: 30836215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of human health and mediates the beneficial effects of natural products including polyphenols. Previous studies have demonstrated that the polyphenol-rich Pandanus tectorius fruit extract (PTF) was effective in ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemia, and polyphenols can significantly change the structure of the gut microbiota. PURPOSE In this study, we assessed whether the modulation of the gut microbiota plays a key role in the PTF-induced anti-hyperlipidaemic effects. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were induced with hyperlipidaemia by consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Then, the mice were orally administered PTF, antibiotics (ampicillin+ norfloxacin), PTF+antibiotics or vehicle for another 6 weeks. Body weights and 24-h food intake were assessed weekly. At the end of the experiment, fresh stools were collected for 16S RNA pyrosequencing, and blood and liver and fat tissue were collected for pharmacological analysis. RESULTS PTF was effective in ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidaemia and significantly changed the structure of the gut microbiota. However, the anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of PTF was not influenced by the co-treatment with antibiotics (ampicillin+norfloxacin). A microbiological analysis of the gut microbiotas revealed that PTF selectively enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. A correlation analysis between biochemical indexes and individual taxon showed that Lactobacillus was negatively associated with serum lipids and glucose while Bacteroides and Alistipes were positively associated with serum lipids and glucose. The modulatory effect of PTF on Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Alistipes was not disturbed by the administration of antibiotics. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the polyphenol-rich PTF as a unique gut microbiota modulating agent and highlighted the richness of Lactobacillus and the decreased abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes as an effective indicator of the therapeutic effect of medicinal foods on hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yu Tian
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaopo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Sun W, Guo Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wu K, Liu Q, Liu K, Wen L, Wei Y, Wang B, Chen D. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Can Alleviate Gastrointestinal Transit in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulation of Serotonin Biosynthesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8308671. [PMID: 30370307 PMCID: PMC6189652 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8308671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM We tested the hypothesis that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could regulate the biotransformation of bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA), which in turn regulate the biosynthesis of serotonin in the gut and relieve gastrointestinal dysmotility in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control diet group, HFD group, and HFD-fed with receiving FMT. HFD was fed for 12 weeks. At the end of two-week HFD, FMT was carried out for two weeks. The gastrointestinal transit, serotonin concentration, the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT), and the levels of bile acids in intestinal contents were examined. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the gastrointestinal transit and small intestinal serotonin concentration of HFD-fed rats were increased. In HFD-fed rats, TPH1 protein expression was increased significantly, while SERT protein expression was decreased, but not significant. The levels of CA and DCA in intestinal contents were also significantly increased in HFD-fed rats compared with the control group. After HFD-fed rats receiving FMT treatment, the gastrointestinal transit, small intestinal serotonin concentration, and TPH1 expression were decreased, while SERT expression was not affected. Moreover, the levels of CA and DCA in intestinal contents were also decreased. CONCLUSIONS FMT could alleviate small intestinal transit in the HFD-fed rats by regulating the serotonin biosynthesis. In this process, CA and DCA may be related to the regulation of synthesis of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kangqi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kaijun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Liangzhi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Chaiyasut C, Woraharn S, Sivamaruthi BS, Lailerd N, Kesika P, Peerajan S. Lactobacillus fermentum HP3-Mediated Fermented Hericium erinaceus Juice as a Health Promoting Food Supplement to Manage Diabetes Mellitus. J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2515690X18765699. [PMID: 29619846 PMCID: PMC5894895 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x18765699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the antidiabetic property of Lactobacillus fermentum HP3–mediated fermented Hericium erinaceus juice (FHJ) using male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). FHJ was prepared using boiled mushroom juice and L. fermentum HP3. Amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content of FHJ was analyzed. Streptozotocin-induced DM rats were supplemented with FHJ in a pre- and posttreatment method. The changes in plasma insulin, plasma glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), representative cytokines, and the antioxidant system were assessed in experimental rats using spectrophotometric methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The supplementation of FHJ improved the body mass, insulin level, and recovery progress of hyperglycemia. HbA1c level was altered by the FHJ intervention. The inflammatory cytokines level was suppressed in FHJ supplemented group compared with control. Intervention of FHJ and insulin improved the production of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-–β1 in DM rat. The study suggested that fermented H erinaceus juice may be used as one of the food-based health-promoting supplement to manage DM along with medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- 1 Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasimar Woraharn
- 1 Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,2 Mahidol University Nakhon Sawan Campus, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- 1 Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- 1 Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Zhang Y, Kang C, Wang XL, Zhou M, Chen MT, Zhu XH, Liu K, Wang B, Zhang QY, Zhu JD, Mi MT. Dietary Factors Modulate Colonic Tumorigenesis Through the Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Host Chloride Channels. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Chao Kang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lan Wang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Meng-ting Chen
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Qian-yong Zhang
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Jun-dong Zhu
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Man-tian Mi
- Research center for Nutrition and Food safety; Institute of Military Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food safety; Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center; Chongqing P.R. China
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28
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Tian P, Li B, He C, Song W, Hou A, Tian S, Meng X, Li K, Shan Y. Antidiabetic (type 2) effects of Lactobacillus G15 and Q14 in rats through regulation of intestinal permeability and microbiota. Food Funct 2018; 7:3789-3797. [PMID: 27713957 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00831c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic effects of Lactobacillus. paracasei subsp. paracasei G15 and Lactobacillus. casei Q14 in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats were evaluated in this study. The strains were separated from Chinese traditional fermented dairy food. Administration of G15 and Q14 for 6 weeks significantly improved the glucose tolerance and reduced the HbA1c levels in T2D rats. The probiotic treatment reduced the intestinal mucosal permeability and improved the epithelial barrier function through modification of the gut microbiota, which in turn lowered circulating LPS and inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-8, and eventually alleviated the inflammatory status and islet β-cell dysfunction. Combination of Q14 and metformin reversed the thymic atrophy and both G15 and Q14 lowered the circulating IL-6 level, indicating the immune-modulating potential of the strains. Lactobacillus. paracasei subsp. paracasei G15 and Lactobacillus. casei Q14 provide an insight into the biotherapy application of traditional fermented foods and their functional ingredients in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Baolong Li
- Center of Safety and Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Canxia He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Wei Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Aiju Hou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Sicong Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Center of Safety and Evaluation of Drugs, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
| | - Yujuan Shan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150000, China.
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Zhang W, Guo H, Cao C, Li L, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Sun Z. Adaptation of Lactobacillus casei Zhang to Gentamycin Involves an Alkaline Shock Protein. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2316. [PMID: 29218040 PMCID: PMC5703869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (L. casei) Zhang is a koumiss-originated probiotic strain, which was used as a model in a long-term antibiotics-driven evolution experiment to reveal bacterial evolutionary dynamics; and we isolated gentamycin-resistant L. casei Zhang descendents. To decipher the gentamycin resistance mechanism, here we cultivated the parental L. casei Zhang and its descendent cells in an antibiotics-containing environment to compare their global protein expression profiles using the iTRAQ-based proteomic approach. A total of 72 proteins were significantly up-regulated (>2.0-fold, P < 0.05), whilst 32 proteins were significantly down-regulated <−2.0-fold, P < 0.05) in the descendent line. The gentamycin-resistant descendent line showed elevated expression in some carbohydrates, amino acids, and purine metabolic pathways. Several stress-related proteins were also differentially expressed. Among them, one alkaline shock protein, asp23, was up-regulated most in the gentamycin-resistant strain (21.9-fold increase compared with the parental strain). The asp23 gene disruption mutant was significantly more sensitive to gentamycin compared with the wild type, suggesting an important role of this gene in developing the gentamycin-resistant phenotype in L. casei. Our report has described the adaptation of a probiotic strain that has acquired antibiotics resistance through long-term antibiotics exposure at the proteome level, and we revealed a novel mechanism of gentamycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chenxia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Bo T, Shao S, Wu D, Niu S, Zhao J, Gao L. Relative variations of gut microbiota in disordered cholesterol metabolism caused by high-cholesterol diet and host genetics. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28660729 PMCID: PMC5552918 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies performed provide mechanistic insight into effects of the microbiota on cholesterol metabolism, but less focus was given to how cholesterol impacts the gut microbiota. In this study, ApoE−/− Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and their wild‐type counterparts (n = 12) were, respectively, allocated for two dietary condition groups (normal chow and high‐cholesterol diet). Total 16S rDNA of fecal samples were extracted and sequenced by high‐throughput sequencing to determine differences in microbiome composition. Data were collected and performed diversity analysis and phylogenetic analysis. The influence of cholesterol on gut microbiota was discussed by using cholesterol dietary treatment as exogenous cholesterol disorder factor and genetic modification as endogenous metabolic disorder factor. Relative microbial variations were compared to illustrate the causality and correlation of cholesterol and gut microbiota. It turned out comparing to genetically modified rats, exogenous cholesterol intake may play more effective role in changing gut microbiota profile, although the serum cholesterol level of genetically modified rats was even higher. Relative abundance of some representative species showed that the discrepancies due to dietary variation were more obvious, whereas some low abundance species changed because of genetic disorders. Our results partially demonstrated that gut microbiota are relatively more sensitive to dietary variation. Nevertheless, considering the important effect of bacteria in cholesterol metabolism, the influence to gut flora by “genetically caused cholesterol disorder” cannot be overlooked. Manipulation of gut microbiota might be an effective target for preventing cholesterol‐related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongming Wu
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shaona Niu
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Lin Yi People's Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Araújo JR, Tomas J, Brenner C, Sansonetti PJ. Impact of high-fat diet on the intestinal microbiota and small intestinal physiology before and after the onset of obesity. Biochimie 2017; 141:97-106. [PMID: 28571979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of the intestinal microbiota by high-fat diet (HFD) has a major impact on both immunological and metabolic functions of the host. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this contribution is to review the impact of HFD on microbiota profile and small intestinal physiology before and after the onset of obesity and its metabolic complications. Evidence from animal studies suggest that before the onset of obesity and its metabolic complications, HFD induces intestinal dysbiosis - encompassing changes in composition balance and massive redistribution with bacteria occupying intervillous spaces and crypts - associated with early physiopathological changes, predominantly in the ileum, such as low-grade inflammation, decreased antimicrobial peptides expression, impaired mucus production, secretion and layer's thickness, and decreased expression of tight junction proteins. With time, major inflammatory signals (e.g. toll-like receptor-4 dependent) become activated, thereby stimulating proinflammatory cytokines secretion in the small intestine. This inflammatory state might subsequently exacerbate disruption of the mucus layer barrier and increase epithelial permeability of the small intestine, thereby creating an environment that facilitates the passage of bacterial components (e.g. lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and flagellin) and metabolites from the intestinal lumen (e.g. secondary bile acids) to the circulation and peripheral tissues (i.e. leaky gut), eventually promoting the development of systemic inflammation, obesity, adiposity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance preceding hyperglycemia. Although the mechanisms are still not completely understood, prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists (such as rosiglitazone) and exercise have been shown to reverse HFD-induced intestinal phenotype and to attenuate the severity of obesity and its associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Araújo
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julie Tomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Christiane Brenner
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1202, Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, 75015 Paris, France; Collège de France, Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, 75005 Paris, France.
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Miraghajani M, Dehsoukhteh SS, Rafie N, Hamedani SG, Sabihi S, Ghiasvand R. Potential mechanisms linking probiotics to diabetes: a narrative review of the literature. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:169-178. [PMID: 28538869 PMCID: PMC9977330 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0311271216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Some studies have suggested a wide range of possible mechanisms through which probiotics may play a role in diabetes prevention and treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We conducted this study to review the potential mechanisms suggested for the effect of probiotics in diabetes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review conducted at the Food Security Research Center of Isfahan. METHODS: A search in the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google scholar was performed up to October 2016. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1214 reports. After removing duplicates, 704 titles and abstracts were screened. Finally, out of 83 full-text articles that were reviewed for eligibility, 30 articles were included in the final analysis. The anti-diabetic mechanisms for probiotics reported encompass intraluminal and direct effects on the intestinal mucosa and microbiota (n = 13), anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects (n = 10), antioxidative effects (n = 5), effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and expression of genes involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance (n = 6), with some studies pointing to more than one mechanism. CONCLUSION: The results may throw some light on the capacity of probiotics as a novel approach towards controlling diabetes. However, further human studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the potential role of probiotics in diabetes prevention and treatment. Also, it needs to be ascertained whether the effectiveness of probiotics in diabetes prevention and treatment is dependent on the strain of the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Miraghajani
- PhD. Doctoral Student, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Nahid Rafie
- MSc. Master’s Student, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sahar Golpour Hamedani
- MSc. Master’s Student, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sima Sabihi
- MSc. Master’s Student, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- PhD. Professor, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Guo H, Pan L, Li L, Lu J, Kwok L, Menghe B, Zhang H, Zhang W. Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Lactobacillus Isolated from Traditional Dairy Products. J Food Sci 2017; 82:724-730. [PMID: 28182844 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli are widely used as starter cultures or probiotics in yoghurt, cheese, beer, wine, pickles, preserved food, and silage. They are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). However, recent studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains carry antibiotic resistance genes and are resistant to antibiotics. Some of them may even transfer their intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes to other LAB or pathogens via horizontal gene transfer, thus threatening human health. A total of 33 Lactobacillus strains was isolated from fermented milk collected from different areas of China. We analyzed (1) their levels of antibiotic resistance using a standardized dilution method, (2) their antibiotic resistance gene profiles by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gene-specific primers, and (3) the transferability of some of the detected resistance markers by a filter mating assay. All Lactobacillus strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin, but susceptible to gentamicin, linezolid, neomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Their susceptibilities to tetracycline, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol was different. Results from our PCR analysis revealed 19 vancomycin, 10 ciprofloxacin, and 1 tetracycline-resistant bacteria that carried the van(X), van(E), gyr(A), and tet(M) genes, respectively. Finally, no transferal of the monitored antibiotic resistance genes was observed in the filter mating assay. Taken together, our study generated the antibiotic resistance profiles of some milk-originated lactobacilli isolates and preliminarily assessed their risk of transferring antibiotic gene to other bacteria. The study may provide important data concerning the safe use of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Laiyu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Bilige Menghe
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education PRC, Inner Mongolia Agricultural Univ., Hohhot, 010018, China
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Dietary Keratan Sulfate from Shark Cartilage Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases the Abundance of Lactobacillus spp. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14120224. [PMID: 27941632 PMCID: PMC5192461 DOI: 10.3390/md14120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratan sulfate (KS) represents an important family of glycosaminoglycans that are critical in diverse physiological processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has provided a wealth of information on the bioactivity of KS, which established it as an attractive candidate for drug development. However, although KS has been widely explored, less attention has been given to its effect on gut microbiota. Therefore, given that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in health homeostasis and disease pathogenesis, we investigated here in detail the effect of KS on gut microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. As revealed by heatmap and principal component analysis, the mice gut microbiota was readily altered at different taxonomic levels by intake of low (8 mg/kg) and high dosage (40 mg/kg) of KS. Interestingly, KS exerted a differing effect on male and female microbiota. Specifically, KS induced a much more drastic increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in female (sixteen-fold) versus male mice (two-fold). In addition, combined with alterations in gut microbiota, KS also significantly reduced body weight while maintaining normal gut homeostasis. Altogether, we first demonstrated a sex-dependent effect of KS on gut microbiota and highlighted that it may be used as a novel prebiotic for disease management.
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[Significance of detection of biomarker fecal bile acids in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18. [PMID: 27324540 PMCID: PMC7389081 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and clinical significance of biomarker fecal bile acids (BA) in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). METHODS Nineteen children with HSP and twenty-seven healthy children were enrolled in this study. The stool samples were obtained at the acute and remission phases. Fecal BA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS The fecal cholic acid level in the HSP remission group was significantly higher than in the HSP acute group and the healthy control group (P<0.016). The fecal chenodeoxycholic acid level in the HSP remission group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P<0.016). The levels of fecal secondary colonic bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, in the HSP acute and remission groups were significantly lower than in the healthy control group(P<0.05, P<0.016 respectively). No significant differences were found in the levels of fecal urosodeoxycholic acid among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fecal secondary colonic bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are in decrease in children with HSP at the acute stage, which may be involved in the pathogenesis and treatment outcomes of HSP.
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Parekh PJ, Nayi VR, Johnson DA, Vinik AI. The Role of Gut Microflora and the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Neuroendocrine System in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:55. [PMID: 27375553 PMCID: PMC4896924 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has drastically impacted the state of health care in the United States. Paralleling this epidemic is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, with a notable shift toward a much younger age of onset. While central to the pathogenesis of diabetes associated with obesity is the role of inflammation attributed to "adiposopathy." Emerging data suggest that changes in sympathetic/parasympathetic balance regulated by the brain precede changes in the inflammatory cascade. It has now been established that the gut microflora contributes significantly to the activation and inhibition of autonomic control and impact the set of the neuroinflammatory inhibitory reflex mediated by the cholinergic nervous system. There has been a paradigm shift toward further investigating commensal bacteria in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus and its complications, as dysbiosis is thought to play a pivotal role in diabetic-associated disorders. This paper is intended to evaluate the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and examine the potential for restoration of balance via use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth J. Parekh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vipul R. Nayi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David A. Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Hu HW, Duan J, Zhao B, Xiong JJ, Liu M, Cui JJ, Ji XF, Zhang TT, Zhang LZ, Huang YK. [Significance of detection of biomarker fecal bile acids in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:517-21. [PMID: 27324540 PMCID: PMC7389081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes and clinical significance of biomarker fecal bile acids (BA) in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). METHODS Nineteen children with HSP and twenty-seven healthy children were enrolled in this study. The stool samples were obtained at the acute and remission phases. Fecal BA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS The fecal cholic acid level in the HSP remission group was significantly higher than in the HSP acute group and the healthy control group (P<0.016). The fecal chenodeoxycholic acid level in the HSP remission group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P<0.016). The levels of fecal secondary colonic bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, in the HSP acute and remission groups were significantly lower than in the healthy control group(P<0.05, P<0.016 respectively). No significant differences were found in the levels of fecal urosodeoxycholic acid among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fecal secondary colonic bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, are in decrease in children with HSP at the acute stage, which may be involved in the pathogenesis and treatment outcomes of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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The Impact of Lactobacillus casei on the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota and Innate Immune System Is Strain Specific. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156374. [PMID: 27244133 PMCID: PMC4887021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic function to impact human health is thought to be related to their ability to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate the human innate immune system. The ability to function as a probiotic is believed to be strain specific. Strains of Lactobacillus casei are commonly utilized as probiotics that when consumed alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate the host immune response. L. casei strains are known to differ significantly in gene content. The objective of this study was to investigate seven different L. casei strains for their ability to alter the murine gut microbiota and modulate the murine immune system. C57BL/6 mice were fed L. casei strains at a dose of 108 CFU/day/mouse for seven days and sacrificed 3.5h after the last administration. The cecal content and the ileum tissue were collected for microbiota analysis and immune profiling, respectively. While 5 of the L. casei strains altered the gut microbiota in a strain specific manner, two of the strains did not alter the overall cecal microbiota composition. The observed changes cluster into three groups containing between 1 and 2 strains. Two strains that did not affect the gut microbiota composition cluster together with the control in their impact on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expression, suggesting that the ability to alter the cecal microbiota correlates with the ability to alter PRR expression. They also cluster together in their impact on the expression of intestinal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This result suggests that a relationship exists between the capability of a L. casei strains to alter the composition of the gut microbiota, PRR regulation, and AMP regulation.
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Zheng J, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Yu M, Xu J, Qi C, Wang T. The programming effects of nutrition-induced catch-up growth on gut microbiota and metabolic diseases in adult mice. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:296-306. [PMID: 26749443 PMCID: PMC4831474 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicated that catch‐up growth could increase the susceptibility to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. However, investigations into the “programming” effects of catch‐up growth on gut microbiota in the offspring are limited. C57/BL6 mice were fed on either low protein (LP) or normal chow (NC) diet throughout gestation and lactation. Then, the offspring were randomly weaned to either NC or high fat (HF) diet until 32 weeks of age, generating four experimental groups: NC‐NC, NC‐HF, LP‐NC, and LP‐HF. Metabolic parameters and gut microbiota were examined in the offspring. It showed that the NC‐HF and LP‐HF offspring displayed higher body weight (P < 0.05), impaired glucose tolerance (P < 0.001), and elevated serum lipids (P < 0.05) at 32 weeks of age. Both the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the Shannon indexes (P < 0.05) showed significantly lower microbial diversity in NC‐HF and LP‐HF offspring. There were significant variations in the compositions of gut microbiota in the NC‐HF and LP‐HF offspring, compared with NC‐NC offspring (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it indicated Lactobacillus percentage was negatively associated with blood glucose concentrations of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (r = −0.886, P = 0.019). In conclusion, catch‐up growth predisposes the offspring to gut microbiota perturbation, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Our study is novel in showing the “programming” effects of nutrition‐induced catch‐up growth on gut microbiota and metabolic diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Cuijuan Qi
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyKey Laboratory of EndocrinologyMinistry of HealthPeking Union Medical College HospitalDiabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China
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Yang C, Fei Y, Qin Y, Luo D, Yang S, Kou X, Zi Y, Deng T, Jin M. Bacterial Flora Changes in Conjunctiva of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type I Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133021. [PMID: 26176548 PMCID: PMC4503457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota of both humans and animals plays an important role in their health and the development of disease. Therefore, the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva may also be associated with some diseases. However, there are no reports on the alteration of bacterial flora in conjunctiva of diabetic rats in the literature. Therefore, we investigated the changes in bacterial flora in bulbar conjunctiva of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes. Methods A high dose of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to induce type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The diabetic rats were raised in the animal laboratory and at 8 months post-injection of STZ swab samples were taken from the bulbar conjunctiva for cultivation of aerobic bacteria. The bacterial isolates were identified by Gram staining and biochemical features. The identified bacteria from both diabetic and healthy rats were then compared. Results The diabetic and healthy rats had different bacterial flora present in their bulbar conjunctiva. In total, 10 and 8 bacterial species were found in the STZ and control groups, respectively, with only three species (Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum and Escherichia coli) shared between the two groups. Gram-positive bacteria were common in both groups and the most abundant was Enterococcus faecium. However, after the development of T1DM, the bacterial flora in the rat bulbar conjunctiva changed considerably, with a reduced complexity evident. Conclusions STZ-induced diabetes caused alterations of bacterial flora in the bulbar conjunctiva in rats, with some bacterial species disappearing and others emerging. Our results indicate that the conjunctival bacterial flora in diabetic humans should be surveyed for potential diagnostic markers or countermeasures to prevent eye infections in T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yuda Fei
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shufei Yang
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyun Kou
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxin Zi
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Sino-Japan hospital, No. 1, Yinghua East Street, Beijing 100029, China
- * E-mail:
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Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS. Gut microbiota, cirrhosis, and alcohol regulate bile acid metabolism in the gut. Dig Dis 2015; 33:338-45. [PMID: 26045267 PMCID: PMC4470395 DOI: 10.1159/000371678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the complex role of the bile acid-gut microbiome axis in health and disease processes is evolving rapidly. Our focus revolves around the interaction of the gut microbiota with liver diseases, especially cirrhosis. The bile acid pool size has recently been shown to be a function of microbial metabolism of bile acid, and regulation of the microbiota by bile acids is important in the development and progression of several liver diseases. Humans produce a large, conjugated hydrophilic bile acid pool, maintained through positive-feedback antagonism of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the intestine and liver. Microbes use bile acids, and via FXR signaling this results in a smaller, unconjugated hydrophobic bile acid pool. This equilibrium is critical to maintain health. The challenge is to examine the manifold functions of gut bile acids as modulators of antibiotic, probiotic, and disease progression in cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, and alcohol use. Recent studies have shown potential mechanisms explaining how perturbations in the microbiome affect bile acid pool size and composition. With advancing liver disease and cirrhosis, there is dysbiosis in the fecal, ileal, and colonic mucosa, in addition to a decrease in bile acid concentration in the intestine due to the liver problems. This results in a dramatic shift toward the Firmicutes, particularly Clostridium cluster XIVa, and increasing production of deoxycholic acid. Alcohol intake speeds up these processes in the subjects with and without cirrhosis without significant FXR feedback. Taken together, these pathways can impact intestinal and systemic inflammation while worsening dysbiosis. The interaction between bile acids, alcohol, cirrhosis, and dysbiosis is an important relationship that influences intestinal and systemic inflammation, which in turn determines progression of the overall disease process. These interactions and the impact of commonly used therapies for liver disease can provide insight into the pathogenesis of inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Ridlon
- McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Dae-Joong Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA,Correspondence to: Jasmohan S. Bajaj, MD, MS, MBBS, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249, USA. Tel.: +1 (804) 675 5802; fax: +1 (804) 675 5816.
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