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Aragão Silva JA, Dos Santos Soares LM, Ferreira FS, da Silva AB, Souto WMS. Use of wild vertebrates for consumption and bushmeat trade in Brazil: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 38111028 PMCID: PMC10729539 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bushmeat is a resource exploited by thousands of people around the world, especially in tropical and neotropical regions, constituting an important source of protein and income. But what is known, so far, about the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat (hereinafter "bushmeat") in a megadiverse country like Brazil? This question was answered through a systematic survey of publications on the consumption and trade of wild vertebrate meat made in Brazil between 2011 and 2021. METHODS We selected 63 scientific articles available on "Google Scholar," "Science Direct," "Scopus," " Web of Science" and "Portal de Periódico da CAPES." The articles were categorized as: exclusive to (1) consumption or (2) bushmeat trade, totals of 54 and three articles, respectively; both (3) consumption and trade bushmeat, totaling six articles. We applied a nonparametric Spearman's correlation analysis to verify the association between the number of papers and the species richness of wild vertebrates cited for consumption by Brazilian state. RESULTS The results revealed that the publications were concentrated in the Northeast (36), North (26) and Southeast (1) regions, distributed across 16 states of the federation. These data reinforce the need for more researches in states and other regions of the country. Our research hypothesis was confirmed, since the richness of species cited for meat consumption was positively associated with the amount of work carried out by the states of the federation. We identified a total of 321 species of wild vertebrates mentioned in the categories involving the consumption of bushmeat. We had a greater bird species richness mentioned for consumption (170) to the detriment of mammals (107), reptiles (40) and amphibians (4). Furthermore, in the articles involving the bushmeat trade categories we had 57 species of vertebrates mentioned, with mammals being the most representative in terms of species richness (29), to the detriment of birds (20) and reptiles (8). These data reinforce that birds and mammals have been the groups most used both for consumption and trade in bushmeat in the country's regions, and it is necessary to mitigate the hunting exploitation of these groups. We recorded that socioeconomic, biological, environmental and sociocultural factors were the most cited predictors of the consumption and trade of bushmeat in the articles. We identified that the bushmeat trade chain is dynamic and ramified, made up of several actors, including specialized and diversified hunters, intermediaries, market sellers, market vendors, restaurant owners and final customers. Public markets and open-air fairs were the most cited places for buying and selling wild meat in commerce. CONCLUSIONS In general, our results indicate that we have made significant advances in publications on the consumption and trade of bushmeat in Brazil over the last few years. However, we highlight the need to better understand the patterns of consumption and trade of bushmeat in different regions of the country, as well as the factors associated with the dynamics of the trade chain and uses of wildlife by local communities. We emphasized that a multidimensional understanding of hunting activities is important to face socio-ecological problems and improve the conservation of target species which have continually been explored for uses by populations in different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Aragão Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil.
| | | | - Felipe Silva Ferreira
- Graduated Program in Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale de São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, PE, CEP: 56304-917, Brazil
| | - André Bastos da Silva
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
- State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Coelho Neto, MA, CEP: 65620-000, Brazil
| | - Wedson Medeiros Silva Souto
- Development and Environment Graduated Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, CEP: 64049-550, Brazil
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Morgan D, Strindberg S, McElmurray P, Zambarda A, Singono I, Huskisson S, Musgrave S, Ayina CE, Funkhouser J, Hellmuth H, Joshi P, Cassidy R, Sanz C. Extending the conservation impact of great ape research: Flagship species sites facilitate biodiversity assessments and land preservation. Primates 2023:10.1007/s10329-023-01080-x. [PMID: 37682371 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
To inform regional conservation planning, we assessed mammalian and avian biodiversity in the Djéké Triangle, which is an intact forest with long-term research and tourism focused on western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). This critical region serves as a conservation conduit between the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park (NNNP) in the Republic of Congo and the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in Central African Republic. Wildlife inventories were conducted to determine if biodiversity in the Djéké Triangle (initially part of a logging concession) was equivalent to the NNNP. Camera traps (CTs) were deployed to estimate species richness, relative abundance, naïve occupancy, and activity patterns of medium-to-large species in mixed species and monodominant Gilbertiodendron forests that comprise the majority of regional terra firma. Species inventories were collected from CTs positioned on a grid and at termite nests throughout the Djéké Triangle and compared to CTs placed in the Goualougo Triangle located within the NNNP. From 10,534 camera days at 65 locations, we identified 34 mammal and 16 bird species. Allaying concerns of wildlife depletion, metrics of species richness in the Djéké Triangle surpassed those of the Goualougo Triangle. Many species were observed to occur across habitats, while others showed habitat specificity, with termite mounds indicated as an important microhabitat feature. Our comparisons of animal activity budgets in different habitat types provide important reference information for other populations and contexts. In conclusion, this study provided empirical evidence of the high conservation value of this region that contributed to increasing the protected status of the Djéké Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morgan
- Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.
| | - Samantha Strindberg
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx, New York, NY, 10460, USA
| | - Philip McElmurray
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Alice Zambarda
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Igor Singono
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Sarah Huskisson
- Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Stephanie Musgrave
- Department of Anthropology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Crepin Eyana Ayina
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jake Funkhouser
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Joshi
- Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Rod Cassidy
- Sangha Lodge, Bayanga, Central African Republic
| | - Crickette Sanz
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo Program, B.P. 14537, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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3
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Abstract
Consuming wildmeat may protect against iron-deficiency anemia, a serious public health problem globally. Contributing to debates on the linkages between wildmeat and the health of forest-proximate people, we investigate whether wildmeat consumption is associated with hemoglobin concentration in rural and urban children (< 5 years old) in central Brazilian Amazonia. Because dietary practices mediate the potential nutritional benefits of wildmeat, we also examined whether its introduction into children's diets is influenced by rural/urban location or household socio-economic characteristics. Sampling 610 children, we found that wildmeat consumption is associated with higher hemoglobin concentration among the rural children most vulnerable to poverty, but not in the least vulnerable rural, or urban children. Rural caregivers share wildmeat with children earlier-in-life than urban caregivers, potentially because of cultural differences, lower access to domesticated meat, and higher wildmeat consumption by rural households (four times the urban average). If wildmeat becomes unavailable through stricter regulations or over-harvesting, we predict a ~ 10% increased prevalence of anemia among extremely poor rural children. This modest protective effect indicates that ensuring wildmeat access is, alone, insufficient to control anemia. Sustainable wildlife management could enhance the nutritional benefits of wildlife for vulnerable Amazonians, but reducing multidimensional poverty and improving access to quality healthcare are paramount.
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Asprilla-Perea J, Díaz-Puente JM, Martín-Fernández S. Estimating the potential of wild foods for nutrition and food security planning in tropical areas: Experimentation with a method in Northwestern Colombia. AMBIO 2022; 51:955-971. [PMID: 34533766 PMCID: PMC8447805 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wild foods contribute to the food security of multiple communities in tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America. However, wild foods are not regularly considered in the planning of strategies for food and nutrition security mainly due to the lack of technical and/or scientific knowledge so that they can be considered suitable for human consumption. This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method that estimates the potential of wild foods as alternative resources when planning interventions in favour of food and nutrition security in tropical forest territories. When designing the method, four dimensions were identified in science, technology and innovation (STI) that define this potential as well as ten assessment criteria. The wild foods chosen for applying the method were Alibertia patinoi (a fruit commonly known as Borojó) and Proechimys semispinosus (Mouse of thorns), which are two of the main wild foods traditionally used by human communities in a tropical forest territory in the northwest of Colombia. In both cases, although there are significant advances in STI, compliance with some criteria is still required to regard them as viable alternatives for nutrition and food security within this territory. This research is useful for promoting the inclusion of wild food in food security programmes for communities where this food is already included in their traditional pattern of consumption and identifies the progress needed in STI to achieve this purpose. It may also promote the early recognition of possible traditional and cultural practices with high risk of transmission of pathogenic elements by the handling and/or inadequate consumption of wild foods. This early recognition could contribute to the prevention of diseases of wild animal origin, including those of rapid global spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Asprilla-Perea
- Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó “Diego Luis Córdoba”, Cra. 22 # 18b-10 B/ Nicolás Medrano, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quibdó, Chocó Colombia
| | - José M. Díaz-Puente
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Avda. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Martín-Fernández
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Mayor P, El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Moya K, Bendayán N, Solis S, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Kirkland M, Arevalo O, Fang TG, Pérez-Peña PE, Bodmer RE. Wild meat trade over the last 45 years in the Peruvian Amazon. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13801. [PMID: 34190360 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The trade in wild meat is an important economic component of rural people's livelihoods, but it has been perceived to be among the main causes of the decline of wildlife species. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light an additional concern of wildlife markets as a major human-health challenge. We analyzed data from the largest longitudinal monitoring (1973-2018) of the most important urban wild-meat markets in Iquitos, Peru, to examine the trends in and impacts of these markets on people's livelihoods. Over the last 45 years, wild meat sales increased at a rate of 6.4 t/year (SD 2.17), paralleling urban population growth. Wild meat sales were highest in 2018 (442 t), contributing US$2.6 million (0.76%) to the regional gross domestic product. Five species of ungulates and rodents accounted for 88.5% of the amount of biomass traded. Vulnerable and Endangered species represented 7.0% and 0.4% of individuals sold, respectively. Despite growth in sales, the contribution of wild meat to overall urban diet was constant: 1-2%/year of total meat consumed. This result was due to greater availability and higher consumption of cheaper meats (e.g., in 2018, poultry was 45.8% cheaper and was the most consumed meat) coupled with the lack of economic incentives to harvest wild meat species in rural areas. Most wild meat was sold salted or smoked, reducing the likelihood of foodborne diseases. Community-based wildlife management plans and the continued trade bans on primates and threatened taxa may avoid biodiversity loss. Considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic, future management plans should include potential viral hosts and regulation and enforcement of hygiene practices in wild-meat markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mayor
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in Amazonia (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Hani R El Bizri
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University (OBU), Oxford, UK
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | - Thais Q Morcatty
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University (OBU), Oxford, UK
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | - Kelly Moya
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Nora Bendayán
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Samantha Solis
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Carlos F A Vasconcelos Neto
- Rede de Pesquisa para Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (REDEFAUNA), Manaus, Brazil
- Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé, Brazil
| | | | - Omar Arevalo
- Gerencia Regional de Asuntos Indígenas, Gobierno Regional de Loreto, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tula G Fang
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pedro E Pérez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Richard E Bodmer
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Peru
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Khan JR, Hossain MB, Awan N. Community-level environmental characteristics predictive of childhood stunting in Bangladesh - a study based on the repeated cross-sectional surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:473-486. [PMID: 32602734 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1777947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal morphology makes Bangladesh vulnerable to environmental hazards and climate change. Therefore, environmental characteristics may shape population health, including child health. The prevalence of stunting among under-five aged (U5) children is high in Bangladesh. However, there is a lack of research on environmental predictors of stunting. This study aimed to assess the association between community-level environmental characteristics and stunting using pooled data from the three latest Bangladesh demographic and health surveys (BDHS). According to the multilevel model, rainfall, distance to protected areas, and vegetation index showed a nonlinear association with stunting. The temperature was inversely, and distance to water bodies was positively related to stunting. Overall, results evidence the environmental characteristics are predictive of stunting, and these characteristics should be taken into account during intervention design to minimise the negative effects of environmental change on child health. Further research is also necessary to comprehend the causal pathways between environmental characteristics and stunting in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rahman Khan
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nabil Awan
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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YOUSEFPOUR RASOUL B, JULES MAYAUX, SIMON LHOEST, CEDRIC VERMEULEN. The Complexity of the Conservation-Development Nexus in Central African National Parks and the Perceptions of Local Populations. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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MORAIS BHDS, LIMA AJMD, ALBUQUERQUE NID, CHISTÉ RC, GUIMARÃES DADA. Bacteriological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of collared peccary sausages (Pecari tajacu) with added dietary fibers. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.04922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fa JE, Nasi R, Funk SM. The COVID-19 Pandemic Endangers Africa's Indigenous Pygmy Populations. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:403-405. [PMID: 34041645 PMCID: PMC8154106 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
| | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
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Wild meat consumption in tropical forests spares a significant carbon footprint from the livestock production sector. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19001. [PMID: 34620906 PMCID: PMC8497605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether sustainable or not, wild meat consumption is a reality for millions of tropical forest dwellers. Yet estimates of spared greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from consuming wild meat, rather than protein from the livestock sector, have not been quantified. We show that a mean per capita wild meat consumption of 41.7 kg yr−1 for a population of ~ 150,000 residents at 49 Amazonian and Afrotropical forest sites can spare ~ 71 MtCO2-eq annually under a bovine beef substitution scenario, but only ~ 3 MtCO2-eq yr−1 if this demand is replaced by poultry. Wild meat offtake by these communities could generate US$3M or US$185K in carbon credit revenues under an optimistic scenario (full compliance with the Paris Agreement by 2030; based on a carbon price of US$50/tCO2-eq) and US$1M or US$77K under a conservative scenario (conservative carbon price of US$20.81/tCO2-eq), representing considerable incentives for forest conservation and potential revenues for local communities. However, the wild animal protein consumption of ~ 43% of all consumers in our sample was below the annual minimum per capita rate required to prevent human malnutrition. We argue that managing wild meat consumption can serve the interests of climate change mitigation efforts in REDD + accords through avoided GHG emissions from the livestock sector, but this requires wildlife management that can be defined as verifiably sustainable.
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Ruppert KA, Sponarski CC, Davis EO, Masiaine S, Larpei L, Lekalgitele J, Lekupanai R, Lekushan J, Lemirgishan J, Lenaipa D, Lenyakopiro J, Lerapayo S, Lororua M, Stacy-Dawes J, Glikman JA. Use of specialized questioning techniques to detect decline in giraffe meat consumption. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fominka NT, Oliveira HFM, Taboue GCT, Luma FE, Robinson CA, Fokam EB. Conserving the forgotten: New insights from a Central African biodiversity hotspot on the anthropogenic perception of nocturnal primates (Mammalia: Strepsirrhini). Primates 2021; 62:537-546. [PMID: 33759106 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The growing dependence of villagers on local forests (food, wood, etc.) makes the comparative assessment of the perceptions they have of the forest and its wildlife increasingly important for setting conservation priorities. While hunting and habitat loss are important threats to primates' existence worldwide, more attention has been focused on diurnal species, while little is known about their nocturnal counterparts. Strepsirrhini is a group of nocturnal primates with galago and potto as the only representatives on mainland Africa. To assess the perception of locals and their impacts on the conservation of these primates, questionnaires were administered to 79 household heads in four villages located in community forests around Mount Cameroon National Park. Amongst the respondents, over 90% admitted that these animals are eaten in their communities. Nocturnal primates were not only hunted for food, but also used in medicine and rituals and to make drums. However, the habit of eating nocturnal primates seems to be uncommon, as most respondents had not consumed any primate bushmeat in the last 5 years. The knowledge and support of wildlife conservation manifested by the villagers did not reflect the reality on the ground, as forest clearing for agriculture takes place regularly across the villages. Our findings suggest that bushmeat is not the main threat to nocturnal primates in this area, with habitat loss potentially representing a bigger problem for their existence in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor T Fominka
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Hernani F M Oliveira
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Geraud C Tasse Taboue
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Multipurpose Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development , Bangangte, Cameroon
| | | | - Carolyn A Robinson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, USA
| | - Eric B Fokam
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Gluszek S, Viollaz J, Mwinyihali R, Wieland M, Gore ML. Using conservation criminology to understand the role of restaurants in the urban wild meat trade. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gluszek
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Julie Viollaz
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Mwinyihali
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) 4239 Ave Tabu Ley Rochereau Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michelle Wieland
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) 4239 Ave Tabu Ley Rochereau Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Meredith L. Gore
- Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
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Booth H, Clark M, Milner-Gulland EJ, Amponsah-Mensah K, Antunes AP, Brittain S, Castilho LC, Campos-Silva JV, Constantino PDAL, Li Y, Mandoloma L, Nneji LM, Iponga DM, Moyo B, McNamara J, Rakotonarivo OS, Shi J, Tagne CTK, van Velden J, Williams DR. Investigating the risks of removing wild meat from global food systems. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1788-1797.e3. [PMID: 33607034 PMCID: PMC8094154 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought humanity’s strained relationship with nature into sharp focus, with calls for cessation of wild meat trade and consumption, to protect public health and biodiversity.1,2 However, the importance of wild meat for human nutrition, and its tele-couplings to other food production systems, mean that the complete removal of wild meat from diets and markets would represent a shock to global food systems.3, 4, 5, 6 The negative consequences of this shock deserve consideration in policy responses to COVID-19. We demonstrate that the sudden policy-induced loss of wild meat from food systems could have negative consequences for people and nature. Loss of wild meat from diets could lead to food insecurity, due to reduced protein and nutrition, and/or drive land-use change to replace lost nutrients with animal agriculture, which could increase biodiversity loss and emerging infectious disease risk. We estimate the magnitude of these consequences for 83 countries, and qualitatively explore how prohibitions might play out in 10 case study places. Results indicate that risks are greatest for food-insecure developing nations, where feasible, sustainable, and socially desirable wild meat alternatives are limited. Some developed nations would also face shocks, and while high-capacity food systems could more easily adapt, certain places and people would be disproportionately impacted. We urge decision-makers to consider potential unintended consequences of policy-induced shocks amidst COVID-19; and take holistic approach to wildlife trade interventions, which acknowledge the interconnectivity of global food systems and nature, and include safeguards for vulnerable people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Booth
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Michael Clark
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E J Milner-Gulland
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - André Pinassi Antunes
- Department of Ecology, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Brazil; RedeFauna-Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, 70879-070, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Brittain
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luciana C Castilho
- Ethnoconservation and Protected Areas Laboratory, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL Maceió, Brazil
| | | | - Yuhan Li
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science (ICCS), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Donald Midoko Iponga
- Institut de recherche en ecologie tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Boyson Moyo
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Malawi
| | | | | | - Jianbin Shi
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, China
| | | | - Julia van Velden
- Environmental Futures research institute, Griffith University, Australia
| | - David R Williams
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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15
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Breuer T, Breuer‐Ndoundou Hockemba M, Opepa CK, Yoga S, Mavinga FB. High abundance and large proportion of medium and large duikers in an intact and unhunted afrotropical protected area: Insights into monitoring methods. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Breuer
- Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation Program Bronx NY USA
- Mbeli Bai Study Wildlife Conservation Society – Congo Program Brazzaville Congo
| | - Mireille Breuer‐Ndoundou Hockemba
- Mbeli Bai Study Wildlife Conservation Society – Congo Program Brazzaville Congo
- Wildlife Conservation Society ‐ Congo Program Brazzaville Congo
| | | | - Sarah Yoga
- Wildlife Conservation Society ‐ Congo Program Brazzaville Congo
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16
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First insights into rodent trapping in Oku village, north-west Cameroon, based on interviews with local hunters. ORYX 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605319000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mount Oku, in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, is known for its rodent diversity. It is located in an area with a high human population density (up to 400/km2), resulting in intense pressure on natural resources. Threats to biodiversity include overgrazing by cattle and goats in grassland areas and montane forests, firewood harvesting, agriculture, bee keeping, debarking of Prunus trees for medicinal uses, and bushmeat hunting. We used data from interviews with 106 local hunters to provide insights into rodent trapping in Oku village. Trapping took place primarily in closed canopy forest. The majority of hunters (88.8%) set at least 100 traps per week, with a mean of 38 rodents trapped per hunter per week. The two most captured species were the Vulnerable Hartwig's praomys Praomys hartwigi and the Endangered Mount Oku rat Lamottemys okuensis, both of which have declining populations. Rodents were harvested mainly for household consumption and/or local trade, but 65.1% of interviewees also used P. hartwigi for traditional medicine. Our findings suggest that rodent trapping in Oku village requires conservation attention, and that further quantitative studies are needed to assess its sustainability.
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17
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El Bizri HR, Morcatty TQ, Valsecchi J, Mayor P, Ribeiro JES, Vasconcelos Neto CFA, Oliveira JS, Furtado KM, Ferreira UC, Miranda CFS, Silva CH, Lopes VL, Lopes GP, Florindo CCF, Chagas RC, Nijman V, Fa JE. Urban wild meat consumption and trade in central Amazonia. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:438-448. [PMID: 31538670 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The switch from hunting wild meat for home consumption to supplying more lucrative city markets in Amazonia can adversely affect some game species. Despite this, information on the amounts of wild meat eaten in Amazonian cities is still limited. We estimated wild meat consumption rates in 5 cities in the State of Amazonas in Brazil through 1046 door-to-door household interviews conducted from 2004 to 2012. With these data, we modeled the relationship between wild meat use and a selection of socioeconomic indices. We then scaled up our model to determine the amounts of wild meat likely to be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers in central Amazonia. A total of 80.3% of all interviewees reported consuming wild meat during an average of 29.3 (CI 11.6) days per year. Most wild meat was reported as bought in local markets (80.1%) or hunted by a family member (14.9%). Twenty-one taxa were cited as consumed, mostly mammals (71.6%), followed by reptiles (23.2%) and then birds (5.2%). The declared frequency of wild meat consumption was positively correlated with the proportion of rural population as well as with the per capita gross domestic product of the municipality (administrative divisions) where the cities were seated. We estimated that as much as 10,691 t of wild meat might be consumed annually in the 62 urban centers within central Amazonia, the equivalent of 6.49 kg per person per year. In monetary terms, this amounts to US$21.72 per person per year or US$35.1 million overall, the latter figure is comparable to fish and timber production in the region. Given this magnitude of wild meat trade in central Amazonia, it is fundamental to integrate this activity into the formal economy and actively develop policies that allow the trade of more resilient taxa and restrict trade in species sensitive to hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani R El Bizri
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, U.K
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaís Q Morcatty
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - João Valsecchi
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- RedeFauna, Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, 332 Malecón Tarapacá, Iquitos, Peru
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- FUNDAMAZONIA, Malecón Tarapacá, n°332, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Jéssica E S Ribeiro
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica S Oliveira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Keilla M Furtado
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Urânia C Ferreira
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Carlos F S Miranda
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Ciclene H Silva
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Valdinei L Lopes
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Gerson P Lopes
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, Manaus, AM, 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Caio C F Florindo
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
- Departamento de Físico-química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Romerson C Chagas
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69553-225, Brazil
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - John E Fa
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, U.K
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, 16115, Indonesia
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18
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Opinion: Putting all foods on the same table: Achieving sustainable food systems requires full accounting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 116:18152-18156. [PMID: 31506376 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913308116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Quantifying the Use of Forest Ecosystem Services by Local Populations in Southeastern Cameroon. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve sustainability and design adequate management strategies in threatened tropical forests, integrated assessments of the use of ecosystem services are needed, combining biophysical, social, and economic approaches. In particular, no integrated ecosystem services (ES) assessment has been conducted in Central Africa, where rural communities deeply depend on forests in a high-poverty context. Here, we aimed to quantify the use of ES provided by tropical forests to local populations in the Dja area (Cameroon), identify its determinants and evaluate its sustainability. We conducted various interviews and field surveys with 133 households in three villages, focusing on three provisioning services (bushmeat, firewood, and timber), and five cultural services (cultural heritage, inspiration, spiritual experience, recreation, and education). Local populations consumed a mean of 56 kg of bushmeat/person/year (hunting zones covering on average 213 km2), 1.17 m3 of firewood/person/year (collection zones covering on average 4 km2), and 0.03 m3 of timber/person/year. Between 25% and 86% of respondents considered cultural services as important. The use of ES was mainly influenced by population size, deforestation rate, and forest allocations, whereas the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of households remained limited to slight differences between Baka and Bantu people. We conclude that the consumption of firewood and timber is sustainable, whereas high hunting pressure has resulted in severe defaunation in the area due to the large decline in the abundance and biomass of forest mammals hunted for bushmeat by local populations.
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20
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Friant S, Ayambem WA, Alobi AO, Ifebueme NM, Otukpa OM, Ogar DA, Alawa CBI, Goldberg TL, Jacka JK, Rothman JM. Eating Bushmeat Improves Food Security in a Biodiversity and Infectious Disease "Hotspot". ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:125-138. [PMID: 32020354 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hunting and consumption of wild animals, colloquially known as "bushmeat," is associated with health trade-offs. Contact with wildlife increases exposure to wildlife-origin zoonotic diseases yet bushmeat is an important nutritional resource in many rural communities. In this study, we test the hypothesis that bushmeat improves food security in communities that hunt and trade bushmeat regularly. We conducted 478 interviews with men and women in six communities near Cross River National Park in Nigeria. We used interview responses to relate prevalence and diversity of bushmeat consumption to household food security status. Animal-based foods were the most commonly obtained items from the forest, and 48 types of wild vertebrate animals were consumed within the past 30 days. Seventy-five percent of households experienced some degree of food insecurity related to food access. Bushmeat consumption was significantly associated with relatively higher household food security status. Rodents were more important predictors of food security than other animal taxa. Despite increased bushmeat consumption in food-secure households, food-insecure households consumed a higher diversity of bushmeat species. Results show that consumption of bushmeat, especially rodents, is uniquely related to improved food security. Reliance on a wider diversity of species in food-insecure households may in turn affect their nutrition, exposures to reservoirs of zoonotic infections, and impact on wildlife conservation. Our results indicate that food security should be addressed in conservation and public health strategies aimed at reducing human-wildlife contact, and that improved wildlife protection, when combined with alternative animal-based foods, would positively affect food security in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagan Friant
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, 522 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College City University of New York, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Wilfred A Ayambem
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Alobi O Alobi
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nzube M Ifebueme
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Oshama M Otukpa
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - David A Ogar
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Clement B I Alawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jerry K Jacka
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College City University of New York, New York, 10065, USA
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21
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Friant S, Ayambem WA, Alobi AO, Ifebueme NM, Otukpa OM, Ogar DA, Alawa CBI, Goldberg TL, Jacka JK, Rothman JM. Life on the Rainforest Edge: Food Security in the Agricultural-Forest Frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Walelign SZ, Nielsen MR, Jakobsen JB. Price Elasticity of Bushmeat Demand in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem: Insights for Managing the Bushmeat Trade. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Fa JE, Nasi R, van Vliet N. [Bushmeat, human impacts and human health in tropical rainforests: The Ebola virus case]. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2019; S1:107-114. [PMID: 31210471 DOI: 10.3917/spub.190.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At a time when more than 5 million tonnes of bushmeat are harvested annually from tropical forests, and which account for a significant, but unrecorded, share of the gross domestic product of many forest countries, decision makers are encouraged, within conservation and food security policies, to understand the role that wildlife can play in the conservation of ecosystem services. In this article, we present an analysis of the problem, describing the role played by bushmeat in human diets, and the health risks linked to the consumption of bushmeat, in particular with regard to Ebola disease, to provide insights on the direction of possible strategies to manage the use of wildlife for meeting the needs of local populations and reducing risks to human health.
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24
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Tata CY, Ickowitz A, Powell B, Colecraft EK. Dietary intake, forest foods, and anemia in Southwest Cameroon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215281. [PMID: 30978220 PMCID: PMC6461351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forest cover has been associated with higher dietary diversity and better diet quality in Africa. Anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa is very high and diet is one known contributor of a high prevalence rate. We investigated whether living in communities with high forest cover was associated with better diet quality and lower anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age in Southwest Cameroon. METHODOLOGY We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 247 women of reproductive age from four forest-based villages (n = 126) and four non-forest villages (n = 121). We assessed the Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, anthropometric status, and diet (by 24-hour recall), as well as anemia-related morbidity and socio-demographic characteristics. Differences between groups were assessed with Pearson's chi-square and independent T-tests. We used a number of multivariate regression models to estimate the impacts of forest proximity on adjusted hemoglobin status of women of reproductive age, as well as to identify the most likely pathway through which forest proximity was important. RESULTS We found that women living in forest communities had higher adjusted hemoglobin levels (mean hemoglobin concentration 11.10±1.53 g/dl vs.10.68±1.55g/dl; p = 0.03 for women forest and non-forest communities respectively). Moderate to severe anemia prevalence was significantly higher in women living in the non-forest villages compared to women in forest villages (forest 63% vs. 73%; p = 0.04). Compared with women from non-forest villages, women from forest-based villages had consumed significantly more vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables and animal source foods, and more of these came from the forest (as opposed to the farm or purchased sources). We found that the consumption of Gnetum africanum (Eru), a leafy green vegetable that grows in forests of the Congo Basis, was best able to account for the higher levels of adjusted hemoglobin in women in forest communities. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the growing evidence that in some circumstances, forests make important contributions to diet quality and nutrition. The results of this study suggest that plant foods from the forest may make important contributions to iron intake and reduce the risk of anemia in women. Efforts to prevent forest loss and maintain ecosystem services are warranted to enhance nutrition and health of forest-based communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Yengo Tata
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Forests, Resources and People, Limbe, Cameroon
| | - Amy Ickowitz
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bronwen Powell
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Departments of Geography & African Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Esi K. Colecraft
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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25
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Smith H, Marrocoli S, Garcia Lozano A, Basurto X. Hunting for common ground between wildlife governance and commons scholarship. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:9-21. [PMID: 30055022 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife hunting is essential to livelihoods and food security in many parts of the world, yet present rates of extraction may threaten ecosystems and human communities. Thus, governing sustainable wildlife use is a major social dilemma and conservation challenge. Commons scholarship is well positioned to contribute theoretical insights and analytic tools to better understand the interface of social and ecological dimensions of wildlife governance, yet the intersection of wildlife studies and commons scholarship is not well studied. We reviewed existing wildlife-hunting scholarship, drawing on a database of 1,410 references, to examine the current overlap with commons scholarship through multiple methods, including social network analysis and deductive coding. We found that a very small proportion of wildlife scholarship incorporated commons theories and frameworks. The social network of wildlife scholarship was densely interconnected with several major publication clusters, whereas the wildlife commons scholarship was sparse and isolated. Despite the overarching gap between wildlife and commons scholarship, a few scholars are studying wildlife commons. The small body of scholarship that bridges these disconnected literatures provides valuable insights into the understudied relational dimensions of wildlife and other overlapping common-pool resources. We suggest increased engagement among wildlife and commons scholars and practitioners to improve the state of knowledge and practice of wildlife governance across regions, particularly for bushmeat hunting in the tropics, which is presently understudied through a common-pool resource lens. Our case study of the Republic of Congo showed how the historical context and interrelationships between hunting and forest rights are essential to understanding the current state of wildlife governance and potential for future interventions. A better understanding of the interconnections between wildlife and overlapping common-pool resource systems may be key to understanding present wildlife governance challenges and advancing the common-pool resource research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, U.S.A
| | - Sergio Marrocoli
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alejandro Garcia Lozano
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, U.S.A
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, U.S.A
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26
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Valle Nunes A, Guariento RD, Santos BA, Fischer E. Wild meat sharing among non-indigenous people in the southwestern Amazon. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Asprilla-Perea J, Díaz-Puente JM. Importance of wild foods to household food security in tropical forest areas. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Kamgaing TOW, Bobo KS, Djekda D, Azobou KBV, Hamadjida BR, Balangounde MY, Simo KJ, Yasuoka H. Population density estimates of forest duikers (Philantomba monticola
& Cephalophus
spp.) differ greatly between survey methods. Afr J Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Towa Olivier William Kamgaing
- Center for African Area Studies; Kyoto University; 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife; Yaounde Cameroon
| | | | - Daniel Djekda
- Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife; Yaounde Cameroon
- University of Dschang; Dschang Cameroon
| | | | - Bobo Réné Hamadjida
- Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife; Yaounde Cameroon
- University of Dschang; Dschang Cameroon
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Yasuoka
- Center for African Area Studies; Kyoto University; 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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29
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Hofner AN, Jost Robinson CA, Nekaris KAI. Preserving Preuss’s Red Colobus (Piliocolobus preussi): an Ethnographic Analysis of Hunting, Conservation, and Changing Perceptions of Primates in Ikenge-Bakoko, Cameroon. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Real R, Barbosa AM, Bull JW. Species Distributions, Quantum Theory, and the Enhancement of Biodiversity Measures. Syst Biol 2018; 66:453-462. [PMID: 27616323 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distributions are typically represented by records of their observed occurrence at a given spatial and temporal scale. Such records are inevitably incomplete and contingent on the spatial-temporal circumstances under which the observations were made. Moreover, organisms may respond differently to similar environmental conditions at different places or moments, so their distribution is, in principle, not completely predictable. We argue that this uncertainty exists, and warrants considering species distributions as analogous to coherent quantum objects, whose distributions are better described by a wavefunction rather than by a set of locations. We use this to extend the existing concept of "dark diversity", which incorporates into biodiversity metrics those species that could, but which have not yet been observed to, inhabit a region-thereby developing the idea of "potential biodiversity". We show how conceptualizing species' distributions in this way could help overcome important weaknesses in current biodiversity metrics, both in theory and by using a worked case study of mammal distributions in Spain over the last decade. We propose that considerable theoretical advances could eventually be gained through interdisciplinary collaboration between biogeographers and quantum physicists. [Biogeography; favorability; physics; predictability; probability; species occurrence; uncertainty; wavefunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Real
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Joseph W Bull
- Department of Food and Resource Economics and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rural protein insufficiency in a wildlife-depleted West African farm-forest landscape. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188109. [PMID: 29236703 PMCID: PMC5728563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wildlife is an important source of protein for many people in developing countries. Yet wildlife depletion due to overexploitation is common throughout the humid tropics and its effect on protein security, especially for vulnerable households, is poorly understood. This is problematic for both sustainable rural development and conservation management. Methods This study investigates a key dimension of protein security in a cash-crop farming community living in a wildlife-depleted farm-forest landscape in SW Ghana, a region where protein–energy malnutrition persists. Specifically, we monitored protein sufficiency, defined as whether consumption met daily requirements, as benchmarked by recommended daily allowance (RDA). We focus on whether more vulnerable households were less likely to be able to meet their protein needs, where vulnerability was defined by wealth, agricultural season and gender of the household head. Our central hypothesis was: (a) vulnerable households are less likely to consume sufficient protein. In the context that most plant proteins were home-produced, so likely relatively accessible to all households, while most animal proteins were purchased, so likely less accessible to vulnerable households, we tested two further hypotheses: (b) vulnerable households depend more on plant protein to cover their protein needs; and (c) vulnerable households are less likely to earn sufficient cash income to meet their protein needs through purchased animal sources. Results Between 14% and 60% of households (depending on plant protein content assumptions) consumed less than the RDA for protein, but neither protein consumption nor protein sufficiency co-varied with household vulnerability. Fish, livestock and food crops comprised 85% of total protein intake and strongly affected protein sufficiency. However, bushmeat remained an important protein source (15% of total consumption), especially during the post-harvest season when it averaged 26% of total protein consumption. Across the year, 89% of households experienced at least one occasion when they had insufficient income to cover their protein needs through animal protein purchases. The extent of this income shortage was highest during the lean season and among poorer households. Conclusions These findings indicate that despite wildlife depletion, bushmeat continues to make a substantial contribution to protein consumption, especially during the agricultural lean season. Income shortages among farmers limit their ability to purchase bushmeat or its substitutes, suggesting that wildlife depletion may cause malnutrition.
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Cronin DT, Sesink Clee PR, Mitchell MW, Bocuma Meñe D, Fernández D, Riaco C, Fero Meñe M, Esara Echube JM, Hearn GW, Gonder MK. Conservation strategies for understanding and combating the primate bushmeat trade on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28388824 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea is among the important places in Africa for the conservation of primates, but a cultural preference for bushmeat and a lack of effective law enforcement has encouraged commercial bushmeat hunting, threatening the survival of the remaining primate population. For over 13 years, we collected bushmeat market data in the Malabo market, recording over 35,000 primate carcasses, documenting "mardi gras" consumption patterns, seasonal carcass availability, and negative effects resulting from government intervention. We also conducted forest surveys throughout Bioko's two protected areas in order to localize and quantify primate populations and hunting pressure. Using these data, we were able to document the significant negative impact bushmeat hunting had on monkey populations, estimate which species are most vulnerable to hunting, and develop ecological niche models to approximate the distribution of each of Bioko's diurnal primate species. These results also have allowed for the identification of primate hotspots, such as the critically important southwest region of the Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve, and thus, priority areas for conservation on Bioko, leading to more comprehensive conservation recommendations. Current and future efforts now focus on bridging the gap between investigators and legislators in order to develop and effectively implement a management plan for Bioko's Gran Caldera Scientific Reserve and to develop a targeted educational campaign to reduce demand by changing consumer attitudes toward bushmeat. Using this multidisciplinary approach, informed by biological, socioeconomic, and cultural research, there may yet be a positive future for the primates of Bioko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew T Cronin
- SMART Partnership, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York.,Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Paul R Sesink Clee
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Matthew W Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Demetrio Bocuma Meñe
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - David Fernández
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cirilo Riaco
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Maximiliano Fero Meñe
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Oficina de Investigación, la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Jose Manuel Esara Echube
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial.,Facultad del Medio Ambiente, la Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Gail W Hearn
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
| | - Mary Katherine Gonder
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Guinea Ecuatorial
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The jaguar's spots are darker than they appear: assessing the global conservation status of the jaguar Panthera onca. ORYX 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605316001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe IUCN Red List is widely used to guide conservation policy and practice. However, in most cases the evaluation of a species using IUCN Red List criteria takes into account only the global status of the species. Although subpopulations may be assessed using the IUCN categories and criteria, this rarely occurs, either because it is difficult to identify subpopulations or because of the effort involved. Using the jaguar Panthera onca as a model we illustrate that wide-ranging species that are assigned a particular category of threat based on the IUCN Red List criteria may display considerable heterogeneity within individual taxa in terms of the level of risk they face. Using the information available on the conservation status of the species, we evaluated the jaguar's current geographical range and its subpopulations. We identified the most threatened subpopulations, using the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, population size and the level of threat to each subpopulation. The main outcome of this analysis was that although a large subpopulation persists in Amazonia, virtually all others are threatened because of their small size, isolation, deficient protection and the high human population density. Based on this approach, future conservation efforts can be prioritized for the most threatened subpopulations. Based on our findings we recommend that for future Red List assessments assessors consider the value of undertaking assessments at the subpopulation level. For the jaguar, sub-global assessments should be included on the Red List as a matter of urgency.
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Ripple WJ, Abernethy K, Betts MG, Chapron G, Dirzo R, Galetti M, Levi T, Lindsey PA, Macdonald DW, Machovina B, Newsome TM, Peres CA, Wallach AD, Wolf C, Young H. Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160498. [PMID: 27853564 PMCID: PMC5098989 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multi-pronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ripple
- GlobalTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katharine Abernethy
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, BP 842 Libreville, Gabon
| | - Matthew G. Betts
- GlobalTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Guillaume Chapron
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Bioscience, Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Taal Levi
- GlobalTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Peter A. Lindsey
- Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House, Tubney, Abingdon OX13 5QL, UK
| | - Brian Machovina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Thomas M. Newsome
- GlobalTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood campus, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Arian D. Wallach
- Centre for Compassionate Conservation, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher Wolf
- GlobalTrophic Cascades Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Hillary Young
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Jost Robinson CA, Zollner PA, Kpanou JB. Night and day: evaluating transect methodologies to monitor duikers in the Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Afr J Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Jost Robinson
- Department of Anthropology; University of North Carolina, Wilmington; 601 S. College Rd. Wilmington NC 28403 U.S.A
| | - Patrick A Zollner
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; Purdue University; 715 West State Street West Lafayette IN 47907 U.S.A
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Olivero J, Fa JE, Real R, Farfán MÁ, Márquez AL, Vargas JM, Gonzalez JP, Cunningham AA, Nasi R. Mammalian biogeography and the Ebola virus in Africa. Mamm Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Olivero
- Grupo de Biogeografía Diversidad y ConservaciónDepartamento Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 MálagaSpain
| | - Julia E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM1 5GDUK
- Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR HeadquartersBogor16115Indonesia
| | - Raimundo Real
- Grupo de Biogeografía Diversidad y ConservaciónDepartamento Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 MálagaSpain
| | - Miguel Ángel Farfán
- Grupo de Biogeografía Diversidad y ConservaciónDepartamento Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 MálagaSpain
| | - Ana Luz Márquez
- Grupo de Biogeografía Diversidad y ConservaciónDepartamento Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 MálagaSpain
| | - J. Mario Vargas
- Grupo de Biogeografía Diversidad y ConservaciónDepartamento Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 MálagaSpain
| | - J. Paul Gonzalez
- Metabiota, Inc. 8757 Georgia Ave. Suite 420Silver SpringMD20910USA
| | | | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR HeadquartersBogor16115Indonesia
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Ziegler S, Fa JE, Wohlfart C, Streit B, Jacob S, Wegmann M. Mapping Bushmeat Hunting Pressure in Central Africa. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ziegler
- WWF Germany; Reinhardtstraße 18 10117 Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt on Main Germany
| | - John E. Fa
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology; School of Science and the Environment; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester M1 5GD U.K
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); CIFOR Headquarters; Bogor 16115 Indonesia
| | - Christian Wohlfart
- Company for Remote Sensing and Environmental Research (SLU); c/o DLR Oberpfaffenhofen; Earth Observation Center; German Remote Sensing Data Center; 82234 Wessling Germany
| | - Bruno Streit
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Goethe University Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13 60438 Frankfurt on Main Germany
| | - Stefanie Jacob
- Department of Remote Sensing; Institute of Geography and Geology; University of Würzburg; Oswald-Külpe-Weg 86 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Department of Remote Sensing; Institute of Geography and Geology; University of Würzburg; Oswald-Külpe-Weg 86 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Abstract
AbstractBushmeat hunting is a pantropical threat to rainforest mammals. Understanding its effects on species richness, community composition and population abundance is of critical conservation relevance. As data on the pre-hunting state of mammal populations in Africa are not generally available, we evaluated the impacts of illegal bushmeat hunting on the mammal community of two ecologically similar forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. The forests differ only in their protection status: one is a National Park and the other a Forest Reserve. We deployed systematic camera trap surveys in these forests, amounting to 850 and 917 camera days in the Forest Reserve and the National Park, respectively, and investigated differences between the two areas in estimated species-specific occupancies, detectabilities and species richness. We show that the mammal community in the Forest Reserve is degraded in all aspects relative to the National Park. Species richness was almost 40% lower in the Forest Reserve (median 18 vs 29 species, highest posterior density intervals 15–30 and 23–47, respectively). Occupancy of most species was also reduced significantly and the functional community appeared significantly altered, with an increase in rodents, and loss of large carnivores and omnivores. Overall, our results show how ineffective reserve management, with almost absent law enforcement, leads to uncontrolled illegal hunting, which in turn has a significant impact on the mammal fauna of globally important sites for conservation.
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Cawthorn DM, Hoffman LC. The bushmeat and food security nexus: A global account of the contributions, conundrums and ethical collisions. Food Res Int 2015. [PMCID: PMC7126303 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cronin DT, Woloszynek S, Morra WA, Honarvar S, Linder JM, Gonder MK, O’Connor MP, Hearn GW. Long-Term Urban Market Dynamics Reveal Increased Bushmeat Carcass Volume despite Economic Growth and Proactive Environmental Legislation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134464. [PMID: 26230504 PMCID: PMC4521855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushmeat hunting is extensive in west and central Africa as both a means for subsistence and for commercial gain. Commercial hunting represents one of the primary threats to wildlife in the region, and confounding factors have made it challenging to examine how external factors influence the commercial bushmeat trade. Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea is a small island with large tracts of intact forest that support sizeable populations of commercially valuable vertebrates, especially endemic primates. The island also has a low human population and has experienced dramatic economic growth and rapid development since the mid-1990's. From October 1997 - September 2010, we monitored the largest bushmeat market on Bioko in Malabo, recording over 197,000 carcasses for sale. We used these data to analyze the dynamics of the market in relation to political events, environmental legislation, and rapid economic growth. Our findings suggest that bushmeat hunting and availability increased in parallel with the growth of Equatorial Guinea's GDP and disposable income of its citizens. During this 13-year study, the predominant mode of capture shifted from trapping to shotguns. Consequently, carcass volume and rates of taxa typically captured with shotguns increased significantly, most notably including intensified hunting of Bioko's unique and endangered monkey fauna. Attempts to limit bushmeat sales, including a 2007 ban on primate hunting and trade, were only transiently effective. The hunting ban was not enforced, and was quickly followed by a marked increase in bushmeat hunting compared to hunting rates prior to the ban. Our results emphasize the negative impact that rapid development and unenforced legislation have had on Bioko's wildlife, and demonstrate the need for strong governmental support if conservation strategies are to be successful at preventing extinctions of tropical wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew T. Cronin
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Stephen Woloszynek
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wayne A. Morra
- School of Global Business, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shaya Honarvar
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Linder
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mary Katherine Gonder
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Michael P. O’Connor
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
| | - Gail W. Hearn
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Malabo, Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea
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